pāpāṇakaśabdau kutsanābhidhāyinau, tayoḥ pūrveṇa samāse paranipātaḥ prāptaḥ, pūrvanipatārtham idam ārabhyate. pāpa aṇaka ityete subante kutsitavacanaiḥ saha samasyete, tatpuruṣaśca samāso bhavati. pāpanāpitaḥ. pāpakulālaḥ. aṇakanāpitaḥ. aṇakakulālaḥ.

upamānāni sāmānyavacanaiḥ 2.1.55 upamīyate 'nena ityupamānam. upamānavācīni subantāni sāmānyavacanaiḥ subantaiḥ saha samasyante, tatpuruṣaśca samāso bhavati. upamānaupameyayoḥ sādhāraṇe dharmaḥ sāmānyaṃ, tadviśiṣṭaupameyavacanairayaṃ samāsaḥ. śastrīva śyāmā śastrīśyāmā devadattā. kumudaśyenī. haṃsagadgadā. nyagrodhaparimaṇḍalā. upamānāni iti kim? devadattā śayāmā. sāmānyavacanaiḥ iti kim? phālā iva taṇḍulāḥ. parvatā iva balāhakāḥ.

upāmānāni sāmānyavacanaiḥ. , 2.1.54 "upamīyate'nenetyupamānam" iti. sādṛśyena yena paricchidyate tadupamānamityarthaḥ. yathā gauriva gavaya ityatra gaurupamānam,tena hi sādṛśyena gavayaḥ paricchidyate. "yādṛśo gaustādṛśo gavayaḥ" ityarthaḥ pratīyate. sāmānyamanekasādhāraṇaṃ bhavati; iha copamānasya śrutatvāt tasya copameyāpekṣatvādupamānopameyoreva sādhāraṇo dharmaḥ sāmānyaṃ vijñāyata ityāha--"upamānopameyayoḥ" ityādi. "tadviśiṣṭopameyavacanairayaṃ samāsaḥ" iti. tena sāmānyena dharmeṇa viśaṣṭaṃ yadupameyaṃ tadvacanairayaṃ samāso bhavati. kṛtaḥ punaḥ sāmānyavacanairityukte satyeṣa viśeṣo labhyate? nyāyāt. tathā hi-- sāmānyamuktavantaḥ sāmānyavacanāḥ, yathā- guṇamuktavanto guṇavacanā iti. kadā ca te sāmānyavacanā bhavanti? yadā sāmānyamabhidhāya sāmānyaviśiṣṭe tadvati dravye vatrtante. tacca sāmānyavadupamānasya sambandhiśabdatvādupameyameva vijñāyata iti nyāyaprāpta evārtho vṛttikṛtā darśitaḥ. "śastrīśyāmā devadattā" iti. atropamānaṃ śastrī, upameyā devadattā. prasiddhaṃ hrupamānaṃ bhavati, nāprasiddham. śastryeva śyāmaguṇatvena prasiddhā, na devadattā. tayoḥ sāmānyaṃ sādhāraṇo dhar()maḥ śyāmatvam. tat śyāmatvamuktvā śyāmaśabdo da#evadattayāmabhedopacārānmatublodvā vatrtata iti sāmānyavacano bhavati. nanu ca samānādhikaraṇenetyanuvatrtate, iha ca śastrīśabdasya śastryāṃ vṛttiḥ, śyāmāśabdasya devadattāyām, ato vaiyadhikaraṇyāt samāsena na bhavitavyam? naitadasti; sarvatra hrupamānopameyayorbhedāt tadvācinorvaiyadhikaraṇyameva, ucyate cedaṃ vacam, ato vaiyadhikaraṇye'pi vacanasāmathryāt samāso bhaviṣyati. atha vā-- śastrīśabdo'pyatra devadattāyāṃ vatrtate. tena sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ evāyaṃ samāsaḥ-- śastrau cāsau śyāmā ceti śastrīśyāmā. nanu ca śastrīśabdo'yaṃ jātivacanaḥ śastrītvaṃ pravṛttinimittamupādāya tadvati vatrtate, na ca tat śastrītvaṃ devadattāyāmasti, tat kathaṃ tatra vatrtate? naiṣa doṣaḥ; "sarva evāmī śabdā guṇamupādāya tadvati dravye vatrtante" ityapi darśanamasti. tatra śyāmatvaṃ guṇamupādāya śastrīśabdo devadattāyāṃ vartiṣyate. tāddhamryādvā devadattā śastrīśabdenābhidhāsyate. bhavati hi tāddhamryāt tācchabdyamityuktaṃ prāk. tāddhamryaṃ punaḥ śyāmaguṇatvam. "phālā iva taṇḍulāḥ" iti. bhavanti hi phālā upamānam. tathāhi tairdīrghatvādinā sādṛśyena taṇḍulā upamīyante. taṇḍulaśabdastu sāmānyavacano na bhavati. nanu ca taṇḍulaśabdo'pi taṇḍulatvaṃ sāmānyamupādāya tadvati dravye vatrtata iti bhavatyeva sāmānyavacanaḥ, tadayuktamidaṃ pratyudāharaṇam? naitadasti; tathā hrupamānopameyayoḥ sādhāraṇo dharmaḥ sāmānyamityuktam. na ca taṇḍulatvaṃ phālānāmasti, kiṃ tarhi? taṇḍulānāmeva॥

upamānāni sāmānyavacanaiḥ 948, 2.1.54 ghana iva śyāmo ghanaśyāmaḥ. (śākapārthivādīnāṃ siddhaye uttarapadalopasyopasaṃkhyānam). śākapriyaḥ pārthivaḥ śākapārthivaḥ. devapūjako brāhmaṇo devabrāhmaṇaḥ॥

pāpāṇake. pāpaśabdo'ṇakaśabdaśca kutsitavācakaiḥ samasyate sa tatpuruṣa ityarthaḥ. nanu viśeṣaṇasamāsenaiva siddhe kimarthamidamityata āha–pūrvasūtreti. pāpamasyāstīti matvarthīyo'rśāadyac. pāpaśabdaḥ pāpavati vartate. aṇakaśabdaḥ kurūpiṇi vartate. `kurūpakutsitā'vadyakheṭagahrrā'ṇakāḥsamāḥ' ityamaraḥ. tataśca pāpā'ṇakaśabdau nindāhetubhūtapāpakurūpātmakapravṛttinimittau kutsanābhidhāyinau. tataścānayoḥ pūrvasūtrema samāse paranipātaḥ syādataḥ pūrvanipātaniyamārthamidaṃ sūtramityarthaḥ. pāpanāpita iti. pāpaścāsau nāpitaśceti vigrahaḥ. aṇakakulāla iti. aṇakaścāsau kulālaśceti vigrahaḥ.

upamānāni sāmānyavacanaiḥ 724, 2.1.54 upamānāni. upamīyante sadṛśatayā paricchidyante yaistāni--upamānāni. sādṛśyanirūpakāṇītyarthaḥ. sāmānyamupamānopameyasādhāraṇadharmaḥ, tamuktavantaḥ śabdāḥ sāmānyavacanāḥ. bāhulakaḥ kartari lyuṭ. pūrvaṃ sāmānyamuktvā tadviti dravye ye paryavasyanti te sāmānyavacanā iti yāvat. tathāca sādṛśyanirūpakaśabdā'paraparyāyā upamānaśabdā upamānopameyasādhāraṇadharmaviśiṣṭavācibhiḥ samānādhikaraṇaiḥ samasyante sa tatpuruṣa ityarthaḥ. ghanaśyāma iti. nanviha ghana iva śyāma iti vigrahe ghanaśabdasya śyāmaśabdasya caikārthavṛttitvalakṣaṇasāmānādhikaraṇyā'bhāvātkathamiha samāsaḥ, ivaśabdāpekṣatvenā'sāmathryāccetyata āha--iha pūrvapadamiti. evaṃ ca ghanaśabdo lakṣaṇayā ghanasadṛśe rāme vartate, śyāmaśabdo'pi rāme vartata iti sāmānādhikaraṇyam. ata eva mṛgīva capalā mṛgacapaletyatra "puṃvatkarmadhāraye"ti puṃvattvaṃ sidhyati. ghanaśabdasya bhūtapūrvagatyopamānaparatvaṃ nirvāhram. tathāca "ghanasadṛśaśyāmaḥ" iti bodhaḥ. sādṛśyaṃ tadbhinnatve sati tadgatadharmavattvam. evaṃca sādṛśyapratiyogyanuyoginoḥ sādhāraṇadharmavattvaṃ labdham. sa ceha sādhāraṇadharma uttarapadopasthāpya eva gṛhrate, saṃnihitatvāt. tathāca ghanagataśyāmatvasadṛśaśyāmatvavāniti bodhaparyavasānam. nanu viśeṣaṇasamāsena siddhe kimarthamidaṃ sūtramityata āha--pūrvanipāteti. anyathā ubhayorapi guṇavacanatayā viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāve kāmacārātkhañjakubjaḥ kubjakhañja itivadaniyamaḥ syāditi bhāvaḥ.

pāpāṇake. etau kutsanābhidhinau. `kupūyakutsitāvadyakheṭagahrrā'ṇakāḥ samāḥ'ityamaraḥ. tataścānayoḥ pūrvasūtreṇa samāse paranipātaḥ syāt, tasmātpūrvanipātaniyamārthamidaṃ sūtramityāśayenāha–pūrvasūtrāpavāda iti.

upamānānisāmānyavacanaiḥ 642, 2.1.54 upamānāni. upamīyate yena tadupamānam. upapūrvānmāṅaḥ kataraṇe lyuṭ. prādisamāsaḥ upapūrvako māṅ sādṛśyahetuke paricchede rūḍhaḥ. yena vastvantaraṃ sādṛśyena paricchidyate tadupamānamityarthaḥ. yathā "gauriva gavayaḥ". iha hi gauḥ karaṇaṃ, sādṛśyaṃ hetuḥ, puruṣaḥ paricchettā. sa hi gosādṛśyena gavayaṃ paricchinatti. sāmānyavacanairiti. samāno dharmaḥ--sāmānyam. cāturvaṇryāditvātsvārthe ṣyañ. upamānopameyasādhāraṇo yo dharmastadviśiṣṭavacanairityarthaḥ, na tu sādhāraṇadharmamātravacanairiti. etacca vacanagrahaṇāllabhyate. sāmānyamuktavantaḥ--sāmānyavacanāḥ. bāhulakātkartari bhūte lyuṭ. ye pūrvaṃ sāmānyamuktvā tadvati dravye paryavasyanti te tathoktāḥ. tacca sāmānyaviśiṣṭamupamānaśabdasya saṃbandhiśabdatvādākṣiptamupameyameva vijñāyate. lākṣaṇikamiti. ataeva sāmānādhikaraṇyānmṛgīva capalā mṛgacapaletyādau puṃvadbhāvaḥ. uttarapadopasthitaśyāmatvacaralatvādidvārakameveha sādṛśyaṃ gṛhrate, saṃnidhānāt. kathaṃ tarhi upamānaparateti cet. bhūtapūrvagatyā śakyārthamādāya tatparatetyavehi. pūrvanipāteti. anyathā'niyamaḥ syāt, khañja kubjavaditi bhāvaḥ. kiṃca "tatpuruṣe tulyārthatṛtīyāsaptamyupamānavyaya#e"ti sūtre pratipadoktasyāsyaivopamānagrahaṇena grahaṇārthamapīdaṃ sūtram. ataeva mayūravyaṃsakāditvātsamāse na pravartata iti siddhāntaḥ.