Grammatical Sūtra: कारके kārake
Individual Word Components: kārake Sūtra with anuvṛtti words: kārake ekā (1.4.1 ), saṃjñā (1.4.1 ) Type of Rule: adhikāraPreceding adhikāra rule: 1.4.1 (1ā kaḍārād ekā saṃjñā)
Description:
The phrase 'kâraka' (meaning 'in the special relation to a word expressing an action') is to be understood in the following aphorisms. Source: Aṣṭādhyāyī 2.0
In the domain of Kāraka. Source: From Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini In Roman Transliteration translated by Sumitra M. Katre, Copyright © 1987. Courtesy of the University of Texas Press.
When that which is doing Source: Courtesy of Dr. Rama Nath Sharma ©
{tatprayojako hetuśca (1। 4। 55)} iti yāvad yaditaḥ ūrdhvam anukramiṣyāmaḥ kārake ityevaṃ tad veditavyam। yathā -- {dhruvamapāye'pādānam, ityatra kārake iti anuvartate}॥ kriyāyāḥ nirvarttakaṃ kārakaṃ, kriyāyām iti vā (kriyānimitte sati) kārakaṃ, tacca vivakṣādhīnam iti veditavyam॥ Source: Sanskrit Documents
Source:Srisa Chandra Vasu's Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini
Mahābhāṣya: With kind permission: Dr. George Cardona 1/49:kim idam kārake iti | 2/49:sañjñānirdeśaḥ |3/49:kim vaktavyam etat | 4/49:na hi | 5/49:katham anucyamānam gaṃsyate | See More
1/49:kim idam kārake iti | 2/49:sañjñānirdeśaḥ | 3/49:kim vaktavyam etat | 4/49:na hi | 5/49:katham anucyamānam gaṃsyate | 6/49:iha hi vyākaraṇe ye vā ete loke pratītapadārthakāḥ śabdāḥ taiḥ nirdeśāḥ kriyante paśuḥ apatyam devatā iti yāḥ vā etāḥ kṛtrimāḥ ṭighughabhasañjñāḥ tābhiḥ | 7/49:na ca ayam loke dhruvādīnām pratītapadārthakaḥ śabdaḥ na khalu api kṛtrimā sañjñā anyatra avidhānāt | 8/49:sañjñādhikāraḥ ca ayam | 9/49:tatra kim anyat śakyam vijñātum anyat ataḥ sañjñāyāḥ |10/49:kārake iti sañjñānirdeśaḥ cetsañjñinaḥ api nirdeśaḥ |* 11/49:kārake iti sañjñānirdeśaḥ cetsañjñinaḥ api nirdeśaḥ kartavyaḥ | 12/49:sādhakam nirvartakam kārakasañjñam bhavati iti vaktavyam |13/49:itarathā hi aniṣṭaprasaṅgaḥ grāmasya samīpāt āgacchati iti akārakasya | itarathā hi aniṣṭam prasajyeta |* 14/49:akārakasya api apādādanasañjñā prasajyeta | 15/49:kva | 16/49:grāmasya samīpāt āgacchati iti | 17/49:na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | 18/49:na atra grāmaḥ apāyayuktaḥ | 19/49:kim tarhi | 20/49:samīpam | 21/49:yadā ca grāmaḥ apāyayuktaḥ bhavati bhavati tadā apādānasañjñā | 22/49:tat yathā grāmāt āgacchati iti |23/49:karmasañjñāprasaṅgaḥ akathitasya brāhmaṇasya putram panthānam pṛcchati iti |* 24/49:karmasañjñā ca prāpnoti akathitasya| kva | 25/49:brāhmaṇasya putram panthānam pṛcchati iti | 26/49:na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | 27/49:ayam akathitaśabdaḥ asti eva saṅkīrtite vartate | 28/49:tat yathā kaḥ cit kam cit sañcakṣya āha asau atra akathitaḥ | 29/49:asaṃkīrtitaḥ iti gamyate | 30/49:asti aprādhānye vartate | 31/49:tat yathā akathitaḥ asau grāme akathitaḥ asau nagare iti ucyate yaḥ yatra apradhānaḥ bhavati | 32/49:tat yadā aprādhānye akathitśabdaḥ vartate tadā eṣaḥ doṣaḥ karmasañjñāprasaṅgaḥ akathitasya brāhmaṇasya putram panthānam pṛcchati iti |33/49:apādānam ca vṛkṣasya parṇam patati iti |* 34/49:apādānasañjñā ca prāpnoti | 35/49:kva | 36/49:vṛkṣasya parṇam patati | 37/49:kuḍyasya piṇḍaḥ patati iti |38/49:nā vā apāyasyāvivakṣitatvāt |* 39/49:na vā eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | 40/49:kim kāraṇam | 41/49:apāyasya avivakṣitatvāt | 42/49:na atra apāyaḥ vivakṣitaḥ | 43/49:kim tarhi | 44/49:sambandhaḥ | 45/49:yadā ca apāyaḥ vivakṣitaḥ bhavati bhavati tadā apādānasañjñā | 46/49:tat yathā | 47/49:vṛkṣāt parṇam patati iti | 48/49:sambandhastu tadā na vivakṣitaḥ bhavati | 49/49:na jñāyate kaṅkasya vā kurarasya vā iti |
1/93:ayam tarhi doṣaḥ karmasañjñāprasaṅgaḥ ca akathitasya brāhmaṇasya putram panthānam pṛcchati iti | 2/93:na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | 3/93:kārakaḥ iti mahatī sañjñā kriyate | 4/93:sañjñā ca nāma yataḥ na laghīyaḥ | 5/93:kutaḥ etat | 6/93:laghvartham hi sañjñākāraṇam | 7/93:tatra mahatyāḥ sañjñāyāḥ karaṇe etatprayojanam anvarthasañjñā yathā vijñāyeta | 8/93:karoti iti kārakam iti |9/93:anvartham iti cet akartari kartṛśabdānupapattiḥ | anvartham iti cet akartari kartṛśabdaḥ na upapadyate |* 10/93:karaṇam kārakam adhikaraṇam kārakam iti |11/93:siddham tu pratikārakam kriyābhedāt pacādīnām karaṇādhikaraṇayoḥ kartṛbhāvaḥ |* 12/93:siddhaḥ karaṇādhikaraṇayoḥ kartṛbhāvaḥ | 13/93:kutaḥ | 14/93:pratikārakam kriyābhedāt pacādīnām | 15/93:pacādīnām hi pratikārakam kriyā bhidyate | 16/93:kim idam pratikārakam iti | 17/93:kārakam kārakam prati pratikārakam | 18/93:kaḥ asau pratikārakam kriyābhedaḥ pacādīnām |19/93:adhiśrayaṇodakāsecanataṇḍulāvapanaidhopadakarṣaṇikriyāḥ pradhānasya kartuḥ pākaḥ |* 20/93:adhiśrayaṇodakāsecanataṇḍulāvapanaidhopakarṣaṇādikriyāḥ kurvan eva devadattaḥ pacati iti ucyate | 21/93:tatra tadā paciḥ vartate | 22/93:eṣaḥ pradhānakartuḥ pākaḥ | 23/93:etat pradhānakartuḥ kartṛtvam |24/93:droṇam pacati āḍhakam pacati ti sambhavanakriyā dhāraṇakriyā ca adhikaraṇasya pākaḥ |* 25/93:droṇam pacati āḍhakam pacati iti sambhavanakriyām dhāraṇakriyām ca kurvatī sthālī pacati iti ucatye | 26/93:tatra tadā paciḥ vartate | 27/93:eṣaḥ dhikaraṇasya pākaḥ | 28/93:etat adhikaraṇasya kartṛtvam |29/93:edhāḥ pakṣyanti ā viklitteḥ jvaliṣyanti iti jvalvanakriyā karaṇasya pākaḥ |* 30/93:edhāḥ pakṣyanti ā viklitteḥ jvaliṣyanti iti kurvanti kāṣṭhāni pacanti iti ucyante | 31/93:tatra tadā paciḥ vartate | 32/93:eṣaḥ karaṇasya pākaḥ |etat karaṇasya kartṛtvam |33/93:udyamananipātanāni kartuḥ chidikriyā |* 34/93:udyamananipātanāni kurvan devadattaḥ chinatti iti ucyate | 35/93:tatra tadā chidiḥ vartate | 36/93:eṣaḥ pradhānakartuḥ chedaḥ | 37/93:etat pradhānakartuḥ kartṛtvam |38/93:yat tat na tṛṇena tatparaśoḥ chedanam | yat tat samāne udyamane nipātane ca paraśunā chidyate na tṛṇena tat paraśoḥ chedanam |* 39/93:avaśyam ca etat evam vijñeyam |40/93:itarathā hi asitṛṇayoḥ chedane aviśeṣaḥ syāt |* 41/93:yaḥ hi manyata udyamananipātanāt eva etat bhavati chinatti iti asitṛṇayoḥ chedane na tasya viśeṣaḥ syāt | 42/93:yat asinā chidyate tṛṇena api tat chidyeta |43/93:apādānādīnām tu aprasiddhiḥ |* 44/93:apādānādīnām kartṛtvasya aprasiddhiḥ | 45/93:yathā hi bhavatā karaṇādhikaraṇayoḥ kartṛtvam nirdarśitam na tathā apādānādīnām kartṛtvam nidarśyate |46/93:na vā svatantraparatantratvāt tayoḥ paryāyeṇa vacanam vacanāśrayā ca sañjñā |* 47/93:na vā eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | 48/93:kim kāraṇam | 49/93:svatantraparatantratvāt | 50/93:sarvatra eva atra svātantryam pāratantryam ca vivakṣitam | 51/93:tayoḥ paryāyeṇa vacanam | 52/93:tayoḥ svātantryapāratantryayoḥ paryāyeṇa vacanam bhaviṣyati | 53/93:vacanāśrayā ca sañjñā bhaviṣyati | 54/93:tat yathā | 55/93:balāhakāt vidyotate | 56/93:balāhake vidyotate | 57/93:balāhakaḥ vidyotate iti | 58/93:kim tarhi ucyate apādānādīnām tu aprasiddhiḥ iti | 59/93:evam tarhi na brūmaḥ apādānādīnām kartṛtvasya aprasiddhiḥ iti | 60/93:paryāptam karaṇādhikaraṇayoḥ kartṛtvam nidarśitam apādānīnām kartṛtvanirdarśanāya | 61/93:paryāptaḥ hyekaḥ pulākaḥ sthālyāḥ nirdarśanāya | 62/93:kim tarhi | 63/93:sañjñāyāḥ aprasiddhiḥ | 64/93:yāvatā sarvatra eva atra svātantryam vidyate pāratantryam ca tatra paratvāt kartṛsañjñā eva prāpnoti | 65/93:atra api na vā svatantryaparatantratvāt tayoḥ paryāyeṇa vacanam vacanāśrayā ca sañjñā iti eva | 66/93:yathā punaḥ idam sthālyāḥ svātantryam nidarśitam sambhavanakriyām dhāraṇakriyām ca kurvatī sthālī svatantrā iti kva idānīm paratantrā syāt | 67/93:yat tat prakṣālanam parivartanam vā | 68/93:na vai evamartham sthālī upādiyate prakṣālanam parivartanam ca kariṣyāmi iti | 69/93:katham tarhi | 70/93:sambhavanakriyām dhāraṇakriyām ca kariṣyati iti | 71/93:tatra ca sau svatantrā | 72/93:kva idānīm paratantrā | 73/93:evam tarhi sthālīsthe yatne kathyamāne sthālī svatantrā kartṛsthe yatne kathyamāne paratantrā | 74/93:nanu ca bhoḥ kartṛsthe api vai yatne kathyamāne sthālī sambhavanakriyām dhāraṇakriyām ca karoti | 75/93:tatra asau svatantrā | 76/93:kva idānīm paratantrā | 77/93:evam tarhi pradhānena samavāye sthālī paratantrā vyavāye svatantrā | 78/93:tat yathā amātyādīnām rājñā saha samavāye pāratantryam vyavāye svātantryam | 79/93:kim punaḥ pradhānam | 80/93:kartā |katham punaḥ jñāyate kartā pradhānam iti | 81/93:yat sarveṣu sādhaneṣu samnihiteṣu kartā pravartayitā bhavati | 82/93:nanu ca bhoḥ pradhānena api vai samavāye sthālyāḥ anenārthaḥ adhikaraṇam kārakam iti | 83/93:na hi kārakam iti anena adhikaraṇatvam uktam adhikaraṇamiti vā kārakatvam | 84/93:ubhau ca anyonyaviśeṣakau bhavataḥ | 85/93:katham | 86/93:ekadravyasamavāyitvāt | 87/93:tat yathā gārgyaḥ devadattaḥ iti | 88/93:na hi gārgyaḥ iti anena devadattatvam uktam devadattaḥ iti anena vā gārgyatvam | 89/93:ubhau ca anyonyaviśeṣakau bhavataḥ ekadravyasamavāyitvāt | 90/93:evam tarhi sāmānyabhūtā kriyā vartate tasyāḥ nirvartakam kārakam | 91/93:atha vā yāvat brūyāt kriyāyāmiti tāvat kārake iti | 92/93:evam ca kṛtvā nirdeśaḥ upapannaḥ bhavati kārake iti | 93/93:itarathā hi kārakeṣu iti brūyāt |
Collapse Kielhorn/Abhyankar (I,323.2-324.5) Rohatak (II,376-379) * Kātyāyana's Vārttikas
Commentaries:
Kāśikāvṛttī1 : kārake iti vaśeṣaṇam apādānādisaṃjñāviṣayam adhikriyate. kārake ityadhik ār o ve di See More
kārake iti vaśeṣaṇam apādānādisaṃjñāviṣayam adhikriyate. kārake ityadhikāro veditavyaḥ.
yadita ūrdhvam anukramiṣyāmaḥ kārake ityevaṃ tad veditavyam. kārakaśabdaśca
nimittaparyāyaḥ. karakam hetuḥ ityanarthāntaram. kasya hetuḥ? kriyāyāḥ. vakṣyati,
ghruvamapāye 'pādānam 1-4-24 grāmādāgacchati. parvatādavarohati. kārake iti kim?
vṛkṣasya parṇaṃ patati. kuḍyasya piṇḍaḥ patati. akathitaṃ ca 1-3-51, akathitaṃ ca kārakaṃ
karmasaṃjñaṃ bhavati māṇavakaṃ panthānaṃ pṛcchati. karake iti kim? māṇavakasya pitaraṃ panthānaṃ
pṛcchati. kārakasaṃśabdaneṣu ca anena eva viśeṣaṇena vyavahāro vijñāyate.
Kāśikāvṛttī2 : kārake 1.4.23 kārake iti vaśeṣaṇam apādānādisaṃjñāviṣayam adhikriyate. kā ra ke i See More
kārake 1.4.23 kārake iti vaśeṣaṇam apādānādisaṃjñāviṣayam adhikriyate. kārake ityadhikāro veditavyaḥ. yadita ūrdhvam anukramiṣyāmaḥ kārake ityevaṃ tad veditavyam. kārakaśabdaśca nimittaparyāyaḥ. karakam hetuḥ ityanarthāntaram. kasya hetuḥ? kriyāyāḥ. vakṣyati, ghruvamapāye 'pādānam 1.4.24 grāmādāgacchati. parvatādavarohati. kārake iti kim? vṛkṣasya parṇaṃ patati. kuḍyasya piṇḍaḥ patati. akathitaṃ ca 1.3.51, akathitaṃ ca kārakaṃ karmasaṃjñaṃ bhavati māṇavakaṃ panthānaṃ pṛcchati. karake iti kim? māṇavakasya pitaraṃ panthānaṃ pṛcchati. kārakasaṃśabdaneṣu ca anena eva viśeṣaṇena vyavahāro vijñāyate.
Nyāsa2 : kārake. , 1.4.23 "kāraka iti viśeṣaṇamapādānādisaṃjñāviṣayam" it i. a pā See More
kārake. , 1.4.23 "kāraka iti viśeṣaṇamapādānādisaṃjñāviṣayam" iti. apādānadayaḥ saṃjñā viṣayo yasya tattathoktam. ādiśabdena sampradānādīnāṃ grahaṇam. atha vakṣyamāṇānāṃ dhruvādīnābhiyaṃ saṃjñā kasmānna bhavati? evaṃ manyate-- yadīyaṃ saṃjñāśabdā nirdiśyante; ayaṃ tu saptamyā nirdiṣṭaḥ, tasmānneyaṃ dhruvādīnāṃ saṃjñeti. "kārake" iti nirdhāraṇe saptamī, nirdhāraṇaṃ tu bahunāṃ sambhavati, tatkathamekavacanena nirdeśaḥ? sāmānyapekṣayā tvekavacanam. atha vā-- "chandovat sūtrāṇi bhavanti" (ma.bhā.1.1.1) tato "vyatayo bahulam" 3.1.85 iti bahuvacane prāpta ekavacam kārakeṣu madhye yad dhruvaṃ kārakaṃ tadapādānasaṃjñaṃ bhavati. evamanyatrāpi veditavyamiti.
kārakaśabdo'yamastyeva vyutpannaḥ-- ṇvulantaḥ kartṛpayryāya iti, asti ca saṃjñāśabdaḥ-- avyutpanno payryāya iti. tatreha yadi pūrvoktasya grahaṇaṃ syāta tadāpādānādiṣu kārakaśabdo na vatrtate, yathā-- kartṛśabdaḥ "ṇvultṛcau" 3.1.133 iti kartari vyutpāditaḥ, tathā kārakaśabdo'pi; katrtā ca svatantraḥ, apādānādayaścāsvatantrāḥ, tatkathaṃ teṣu kārakavyapadeśaḥ syāt? asati hi kārakavyapadeśe kārakasaṃśabdeṣu teṣāṃ grahaṇaṃ na syāt. atha teṣāmapi kathañcit svatantratābhyupeyeta, evañca tatra kartṛsaṃjñā prasajyeta, tataśca grāmādāgacchati, upādhyāyāya gāṃ dadātītyādau grāmādibhyastṛtīyā prasajyeta, itaretarāśrayaścāpi doṣaḥ syāt. tathā hi-- kartṛsaṃjñottarakālaṃ kārakaśabdasya vyutpattiḥ, tasyāṃ satyāṃ kārakaśabdopakrameṇa karttṛsaṃjñā syāt bahvevaṃ pratividheyaṃ syāt, pratividhāne ca pratipattigauravaṃ syāt. nimittaparyāyasya tu kārakaśabdasya grahaṇe na doṣaḥ syāt, tataḥ sa eva gṛhrata iti matvāha--"kārakaśabdo'yaṃ nimittaparyāyaḥ" iti. "grāmādāgacchati" iti. grāmasya dhrusyāgamanakriyāṃ prati nimittabhāvo'sti. yadīha grāmo'vadhibhāvena nāvatiṣṭhetatata āgamanaṃ na niṣpadyeta,tasmād()grāmaḥ kārakam.
"vṛkṣasya parṇaṃ patati" iti. vṛkṣaḥ sambandhitvenātra vivakṣitaḥ na tu nimittatvena. apāyasya kārakagrahaṇānnimittatvenāvivakṣitasyāpādānasaṃjñā na bhavati. naitat kārakagrahaṇasya pratyudāharaṇaṃ yuktam; dhrugrahaṇenaivātrāpādānasaṃjñāyā nivartitatvā#āt, dhruvaṃ hi tadyadavadhibhūtamapāye sādhye. tathā hi vṛttikāro vakṣyati-- "apāye sādhye yadavadhibhūtam" (kā.1.4.24) iti. na ceha vṛkṣo'vadhitvena vivakṣitaḥ, kiṃ tarhi? sambandhatvena, naitadasti; vivakṣitāvadhibhāvasyaiva vṛkṣasya sambandhibhāvena vivakṣitvāt. avadhibhūtasya vṛkṣasya sambandhinaḥ parṇa patatītyarthaḥ. na hi sambandhitvena vivakṣā'vadhibhāvavikṣāyā virudhyate. tasmādvivakṣitāvadhibhāvasyaiva vṛkṣsaya sambandhitvamātraṃ vivakṣitam, na tu vidyamānamapyapāyaṃ prati nimittatvamiti kā'trāyuktatā !
"māṇavakasya pitaraṃ panthānaṃ pṛcchati"iti. "akathitañca" 1.4.51 ityakathitasya karmasaṃjñā vidhīyamānā "kārake " 1.4.81 ityetasminnasati māṇavakasyāpi syāt, katham? akathitaśabdo'yamakīrttita paryāyaḥ. sa ca kasyācidviśeṣasyāprakṛtatvadviśeṣānupādāne sati prayujyamānaḥ sarvatrāviśeṣaeṇākīrttitamātre syāt. tataśca "akathitam" ityucyamāne kārakañcākārakañca sarvamakathitamiti sarvakathitamiti gamyate. yathā pitā'pādānādibhirviśeṣakathābhirna kathitaḥ, tathā māṇavako'pi, atstasyāpi karmasaṃjñā syāt. "kārake" itya()smastu sati praśnakriyānimittasya pitureva bhavati; na tu māṇavakasya. na hrasau praśnakriyāṃ prati nimittabhāvena vivakṣitaḥ, kiṃ tarhi? pituḥ sambandhitvena.
yadi viśeṣaṇamidaṃ dhruvādīnām; na saṃjñā, tataśca "kārakādattaśrutayorevāśiṣi" 6.2.147 ityevamādiṣu pradeśeṣu yatra kārakaśabdaḥ saṃśabdyate tadā tatrāpādānādīnāṃ kārakagrahaṇena grahaṇaṃ na syāt. saṃjñāpakṣe tu na doṣaḥ, saṃjñā hrāvartamānā saṃjñinaṃ pratyāyatītyata āha-- kārakasaṃśabdaneṣu"ityādi. yatra kārakaśabdasya saṃśabdanaṃ tatrāpyanenaiva viśeṣaṇena vivakṣitārthapratyāyanalakṣaṇo vyavahāro'yaṃ vijñāyate; pradeśāntare'pi kārakaśabdasya nimittaparyāyasyaivopādānāt. tacc nimittamapādānanādyeva, na hi tato'nyatkriyānimittaṃ bhavati. tasmāt kārakagrahamenāpādānādīnāṃ grahaṇaṃ bhavati.
anye tvāhuḥ-- sāhacaryāt kārakaviśeṣaṇasahacaritā apādānādayaḥ kārakaśabdenocyanta iti tadgrahaṇenaiva teṣāṃ grahaṇam. kārakagrahamaṃ vā svarayitavyam. tena "svaritenādhikāraḥ" 1.3.11 ityeṣa vidhirbhavati. tasmāt kārakagrahaṇenāpādānādīnāṃ grahaṇaṃ bhaviṣyati.
1.Source: Arsha Vidya Gurukulam 2.Source: Sanskrit Documents
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