Pāṇini 1.4.21

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Grammatical Sūtra: बहुषु बहुवचनम् bahuṣu bahuvacanam Chantings of the aṣṭādhyāyī kindly with permision Sai Susarla.
Individual Word Components: bahuṣu bahuvacanam
Sūtra with anuvṛtti words: bahuṣu bahuvacanam ekā (1.4.1), saṃjñā (1.4.1)
Type of Rule: niyama
Preceding adhikāra rule:1.4.1 (1ā kaḍārād ekā saṃjñā)

Description:

Source:Laghusiddhānta kaumudī (Ballantyne)

In expressing multeity, a Plural case affix is employed. Source: Aṣṭādhyāyī 2.0

[The t.t. 1] bahu-vacaná `plural' denotes plurality (bahúṣu) of units [functioning as subjects (kartŕ-) or objects (kárman-)]. Source: From Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini In Roman Transliteration translated by Sumitra M. Katre, Copyright © 1987. Courtesy of the University of Texas Press.

Bahutve vivakṣite bahuvacanaṃ bhavati। Source: Sanskrit Documents

Source:Srisa Chandra Vasu's Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini

1/60:bahuṣu bahuvacanam iti ucyate |
2/60:keṣu bahuṣu |
3/60:artheṣu |
4/60:yadi evam vṛkṣaḥ plakṣaḥ atra api prāpnoti |
5/60:bahavaḥ te arthāḥ mūlam skandhaḥ phalam palāśam iti |
6/60:evam tarhi ekavacanam dvivacanam bahuvacanamiti śabdasañjñāḥ etāḥ |
7/60:yeṣu artheṣu svādayaḥ vidhīyante teṣu bahuṣu |
8/60:keṣu ca artheṣu svādayaḥ vidhīyante |
9/60:karmādiṣu |
10/60:na vai karmādayaḥ vibhaktyarthāḥ |
11/60:ke tarhi |
12/60:ekatvādayaḥ |
13/60:ekatvādiṣu api vai vibhakyartheṣu avaśyam karmādayaḥ nimittatvena upādeyāḥ |
14/60:karmaṇaḥ ekatve karmaṇaḥ dvitve karmaṇaḥ bahutve iti |
15/60:saḥ tarhi tathā nirdeśaḥ kartavyaḥ |
16/60:na hi antareṇa bhāvapratyayam guṇapradhānaḥ bhavati nirdeśaḥ |
17/60:iha ca : iti eke manyante , tat eke manyante iti paratvāt ekavacanam prāpnoti |
18/60:bahuṣu bahuvacanam iti eṣaḥ yogaḥ paraḥ kariṣyate |
19/60:sūtraviparyāsaḥ kṛtaḥ bhavati |
20/60:iha ca : bahuḥ odanaḥ , bahuḥ sūpaḥ iti paratvāt bahuvacanam prāpnoti |
21/60:na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ |
22/60:yat tāvat ucyate na hi antareṇa bhāvaprayayam guṇapradhānaḥ bhavati nirdeśaḥ iti tan na |
23/60:antareṇa api bhāvapratyayam guṇapradhānaḥ bhavati nirdeśaḥ |
24/60:katham |
25/60:iha kadā cit guṇaḥ guṇiviśeṣakaḥ bhavati |
26/60:tat yathā paṭaḥ śuklaḥ iti |
27/60:kadā cit ca guṇinā guṇaḥ vypadiśyate |
28/60:paṭhasya śuklaḥ iti |
29/60:tat yadā tāvat guṇaḥ guṇiviśeṣakaḥ bhavati paṭaḥ śuklaḥ iti tadā sāmānādhikaraṇyam guṇaguṇinoḥ |
30/60:tadā na antareṇa bhāvapratyayam guṇapradhānaḥ bhavati nirdeśaḥ |
31/60:yadā tu guṇinā guṇaḥ vyapadiśyate paṭasya śuklaḥ iti svapradhānaḥ tadā guṇaḥ bhavati |
32/60:tadā dravye ṣaṣṭhī |
33/60:tadā antareṇa bhāvapratyayam guaṇapradhānaḥ bhavati nirdeśaḥ |
34/60:na ca iha vayam ekatvādibhiḥ karmādīn viśeṣayiṣyāmaḥ |
35/60:kim tarhi |
36/60:karmādibhiḥ ekatvādīn viśeṣayiṣyāmaḥ |
37/60:katham |
38/60:ekasmin ekavacanam |
39/60:kasyaikasmin |
40/60:karmaṇaḥ |
41/60:dvayoḥ dvivacanam |
42/60:kayoḥ dvayoḥ |
43/60:karmaṇoḥ |
44/60:bahuṣu bahuvacanam |
45/60:keṣām bahuṣu |
46/60:karmaṇām iti |
47/60:katham bahuṣu bahuvacanamiti |
48/60:etat eva jñāpayati ācāryaḥ nānādhikaraṇavācī yaḥ bahuśabdaḥ tasya idam grahaṇam na vaipulyavācinaḥ iti |
49/60:kim etasya jñāpane prayojanam |
50/60:yat uktam bahuḥ odanaḥ bahuḥ sūpaḥ iti paratvāt bahuvacanam prāpnoti iti sa doṣaḥ na bhavati |
51/60:yat apyucyate iti eke manyante tat eke manyanta iti paratvāt ekavacanam prāpnoti iti na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ |
52/60:ekaśabdaḥ ayam bahvarthaḥ |
53/60:asti eva samkhyāvācī |
54/60:tat yathā ekaḥ dvau bahavaḥ iti |
55/60:asti asahāyavācī |
56/60:tat yathā ekāgnayaḥ ekahalāni ekākibhiḥ kṣudrakaiḥ jitam iti |
57/60:asti anyārthe vartate |
58/60:tat yathā sadhamādaḥ dyumnaḥ ekāḥ tāḥ |
59/60:anyāḥ iti arthaḥ |
60/60:tat yaḥ anyārthe vartate tasya eṣaḥ prayogaḥ |

1/37:kimartham punaḥ idam ucyate |
2/37:suptiṅām aviśeṣavidhānāt dṛṣtaviprayogatvāt ca niyamārtham vacanam | supaḥ aviśeṣeṇa prātipadikamātrāt vidhīyante |*
3/37:tiṅaḥ aviśeṣeṇa dhātumātrāt vidhīyante |
4/37:tatra etat syāt yadi apyaviśeṣeṇa vidhīyante na eva viprayogaḥ lakṣyate iti |
5/37:dṛṣṭaviprayogatvāt ca |
6/37:dṛśyate khalu api viprayogaḥ |
7/37:tadyathā : akṣīṇi me darśanīyāni , pādāḥ me sukumārāḥ iti |
8/37:suptiṅoḥ aviśeṣavidhānāt dṛṣṭaviprayogatvāt ca vyatikaraḥ prāpnoti |
9/37:iṣyate ca avyatikaraḥ syāt iti |
10/37:tat ca antareṇa yatnam na sidhyati iti niyamārtham vacanam |
11/37:evamartham idam ucyate |
12/37:atha etasmin niyamārthe sati kim punaḥ ayam pratyayaniyamaḥ : ekasmin eva ekavacanam , dvayoḥ eva dvivacanam , bahuṣu eva bahuvacanam iti |
13/37:āhosvit arthaniyamaḥ : ekasmin ekavacanam eva , dvayoḥ dvivacanam eva , bahuṣu bahuvacanam eva iti |
14/37:kaḥ ca atra viśeṣaḥ |
15/37:tatra pratyayaniyame avyayānām padasañjñābhāvaḥ asubantatvāt |*
16/37:tatra pratyayaniyame avyayānām padasañjñā na prāpnoti |
17/37:uccaiḥ nīcaiḥ iti |
18/37:kim kāraṇam |
19/37:asubantatvāt |
20/37:arthaniyame siddham |*
21/37:arthaniyame siddham bhavati |
22/37:astu arthaniyamaḥ |
23/37:atha vā punaḥ astu pratyayaniyamaḥ |
24/37:nanu ca uktam : tatra pratyayaniyame avyayānām padasañjñābhāvaḥ asubantatvāt iti |
25/37:na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ |
26/37:supām karmādayaḥ api arthāḥ saṅkhyā ca eva tathā tiṅām | supām saṅkhyā ca eva arthaḥ karmādayaḥ ca |*
27/37:tathā tiṅām |
28/37:prasiddhaḥ niyamaḥ tatra |*
29/37:prasiddhaḥ tatra niyamaḥ |
30/37:niyamaḥ prakṛteṣu vā |*
31/37:atha vā prakṛtān arthān apekṣya niyamaḥ |
32/37:ke ca prakṛtāḥ |
33/37:ekatvādayaḥ |
34/37:ekasmin eva ekavacanam na dvayoḥ na bahuṣu |
35/37:dvayoḥ eva dvivacanam naikasmin na bahuṣu |
36/37:bahuṣu eva bahuvacanam na dvayoḥ na ekasmin iti |
37/37:atha vā ācāryapravṛttiḥ jñāpayati utpadyante avyayebhyaḥ svādayaḥ iti yat ayam avyayāt āpsupaḥ iti avyayāt lukam śāsti |

Kielhorn/Abhyankar (I,321.2-27) Rohatak (II,368-372)

*Kātyāyana's Vārttikas

Commentaries:

Kāśikāvṛttī¹: ṅyāp prātipadikāt svādayaḥ, lasya tibādayaḥ iti sāmānyena bahuvacanaṃ vihitaṃ, t See More

Kāśikāvṛttī²: bahuṣu bahuvacanam 1.4.21 ṅyāp prātipadikāt svādayaḥ, lasya tibādayaḥ iti sāmān See More

Nyāsa²: bahuṣu bahuvacanam. , 1.4.21 "tasyānena bahutvasaṃkhyā vācyatvena vidhīyate See More

bahuṣu bahuvacanam. , 1.4.21 "tasyānena bahutvasaṃkhyā vācyatvena vidhīyate" iti. etena vidhyarthatāmasya yogasya darśayati. iha keṣāñcit "svārthadravyaliṅgasaṃkhyākarmādyātmakaḥ pañcakaḥ prātipadikārthaḥ" iti darsanam. keṣāñcit "svārthadravyaliṅgātmakastrikaḥ prātipadikārthaḥ" iti. tatra svārtho viśeṣaṇam; svarūpajātiguṇadravyāṇi. dravyastu viśeṣyam, tatpunarjātiguṇadravyāṇi. tatra yadā śabdasvarūpeṇa viśiṣṭā jātirabhidhīyate-- gauriti, tadā śabdasvarūpaṃ viśeṣaṇatvāt svārtho bhavati; jātistu viśeṣyatvād()dravyam. yadā tu jātyā viśiṣṭo guṇo'bhidhīte-- paṭasya śuklo guṇa iti, tadā jātirviśeṣaṇatvāt svārtho bhavati; guṇastu viśeṣyatvād()dravyam. yadā tu guṇairviśiṣṭaṃ paṭādikaṃ dravyamucyate-- śuklaḥ paṭa iti, tadā viśeṣaṇabhūto guṇaḥ svārtho bhavati; viśeṣyabhūtaṃ paṭādikaṃ dravyameva. yadā punadrravyamapi dravyāntarasya viśeṣaṇabhūtaṃ bhavati-- yaṣṭīḥ praveśaya, kuntān praveśayetyādau, tadā yaṣṭa()ādikaṃ dravyaṃ viśeṣaṇabhāvāpannaṃ svārthaḥ; dravyāntaraṃ viśeṣyabhāvāpannaṃ puruṣādikaṃ dravyameva. kvacitsambandho'pi svārtho bhavati-- yatra sambandhanimittakaḥ pratyaya utpadyate, yathā-- daṇḍī, viṣāṇīti. atra daṇḍapuruṣasambandho viśeṣaṇam, daṇḍīti dravyam. kvacit kra#iyāpi svārtho bhavati, yatra kriyānimittakaḥ pratyayaḥ utpadyate, yathā--pācakaḥ, pāṭhaka iti. kriyākārakasambandho'tra svārtha ityapare. liṅgaṃ strītvādi, saṃkhyaikatvādi, karmādayo vakṣyamāṇāḥ kārakaviśeṣāḥ. tatra pūrvoktayordarśanayordvitīyaṃ yaddarśanaṃ tadiha vṛttikāreṇāśritam. dhātostu kriyaiva vācyetyatrācāryāṇāmavivāda eva. tatra prātipadikasya pūrvokte trike'rthe sati dhātośca kriyātmakatve yadīdaṃ sūtraṃ nocyeta, tataḥ "anirdiṣṭārthāḥ pratyayāḥ svārthe bhavanti" (sī.vṛ.125) iti prātipadikājjasādibahuvacanaṃ vidhīyamānaṃ trika evārthe syāt, na bahutvasaṃkhyāyām. dhātorapi jhiprabhṛti bahuvacanaṃ vidhīyamānaṃ kriyāyāmeva syāt; na tu bahutvasaṃkhyāyām. tasmādanenaiva tasya bahutvasaṃkhyāvācyatvena vidhīyata iti vidhyarthametadbhavati. yathā cānena yogena bahutvasaṃkhyā bahuvacanasya vācyatvena vidhīyate, tathā "karmaṇi dvitīyā" 2.3.2 ityevamādibhiryogairdvitīyādīnāṃ karmādi ca. "laḥ karmaṇi ca bhāve cākarmakebhyaḥ" 3.4.69 ityanenāpi lakārāṇāṃ karmādyeva. tasmādete'pi yogā vidhyarthā eva veditavyāḥ. yeṣāñca pañcakaṃ prātipadikārtha iti matam, teṣāṃ prātipadikasyaiva pañcāpyarthā vācyāḥ. vibhaktayaśca taddayotikā bhavanti. tatra "anirdiṣṭārthāḥ pratyayāḥ svārthe bhavanti" (sī.vṛ.125) iti vināpi vacanenānena prātipadikādbahuvacanaṃ jasādi bahutve siddhameva. tatra tvaniyamenānyatrāpyekatvādau prāptamanena niyamyata iti niyamārthametadbhavati. kasmāt punarvṛttikāreṇa trikaṃ prātipadikārtha iti darśanamāśritam? yuktatvāt. tathā hi-- vṛkṣaṃ paśyetyādau na hi vinā vibhaktibhiḥ saṃkhyākarmādayaścārthāḥ pratīyante. yadyapi payaḥ payo jarayatītyādau vināpi vibhaktyā saṃkhyākarmāderarthasya pratītirbhavatīti, tathāpi payasī payāṃsi payasetyevamādau saṃkhyākarmādipratītyarthaṃ niyogato vibhaktirapekṣyata eva. na hi yathā gargā ityatra bahuvacanena yañpratyayamantareṇāpatyārthaḥ pratīyate, tathā gāgrya ityatra prakṛtirevāpatyārthamabhidhatta iti śakyate vaktuma. api ca -- payaḥ payo jarayatītyevamādau vibhaktiviśeṣaotpattisāmathryādeva saṃkhyākarmādyarthsya pratītirbhavati. tathā hi, yataḥ sa vibhaktiviśeṣa utpannastta evāsāvarthaviśeṣaḥ pratīyate, nānyasmāditi trika eva prātipadikārtho yuktaḥ. yadi tarhi bahutvasaṃkhyā bahuvacanasya vācyatvena vidhīyate tadā sūtre bhāvapratyayena bahutvanirdeśaḥ katrtavyaḥ, anyathā bahutvasaṃkhyā na pratīyeta? na katrtavyaḥ; antareṇāpi bhāvapratyayaṃ bhāvapradhāno nirdeśo bhaviṣyatīti, yathā -- paṭasya śukla iti. nanvevamapi bhādasyaikatvādbahuṣviti bahuvacanaṃ nopapadyate, naiṣa doṣaḥ; yasmādbahutavasaṃkhyādhārasya dravyasya yo bhedastaṃ bahutve guṇe'dhyāropya bahuṣviti bahuvacanena nirdeśaḥ kṛtaḥ , saṃkhyāvācyayaṃ bahuśabdo na vaipulyavācīti jñāpanārthaśca. tena vaipulyaṃ bahuvacanasya vācyaṃ na bhavatīti bahurodanaḥ,bahuḥ sūpa iti vaipulyavācino bahuśabdādekavacanameva bhavati, na bahuvacanam. yadi bahutvasaṃkhyā bahuvacanasya vācyatvena vidhīyate, iha vṛkṣaṃ paśyetyatra bahuvacanaṃ prāpnoti, dve hratra saṃkhye-- samudāyasaṃkhyā caikatvam, avayavasaṃkhyā ca phalamūlaśākhādyavayavasamavetā bahutvam. asyāpi prātipadikārthenaikārthasamavāyalakṣaṇaḥ sambandho'styeva. tathā hi-- yeṣvayavaveṣu samaveta. bahutvasaṃkhyā prātipadikārtho'pi samudāyastatraiva samavetaḥ, tataśca tasmādbahuvacanaṃ prāpnotītyata āha-- "karmādayaḥ" ityādi. karmādayo hrekavibhaktiśabdavācyatvāt pratyāsannā bahutvasaṃkhyāyāḥ; tataḥ pratyāsattestadīya eva bahutve bahuvacanaṃ bhavati. samudāya eva hi vṛkṣaṃ paśyetyatra dṛśikriyayā vyāptamiṣṭatama iti sa eva karmabhāvamāpadyate, nāvayavāḥ, tatkuto bahuvacanasya prasaṅga? "karmādiṣu" ityādi. karmādayo bahuvacanasya vācyāḥ. tadīyaṃ bahutvaṃ bahuṣveva karmadiṣu sambhavati, ataḥ sāmathryāt karmādiṣu bahuṣvityeṣo'rthaḥ sampadyate. yadi tarhi vibhaktīnāṃ bahuvacanasya bahutvasaṃkhyā vācyatvena vidhīyate, tadā niḥsaṃkhyebhyo'vyayebhyaḥ svādayo na syuḥ; tataśca padasaṃjñā teṣāṃ na syādityāha-- "yatra ca" ityādi. nanu svādividhānasūtre saṃkhyākarmādayaḥ svādīnāmarthāḥ śāstrāntareṇa vihitāḥ, tena sahāsyaikavākyateti vakṣyati. tatkutaḥ svādīnāṃ sāmānyavihitatvam? na hi "bahuṣu bahuvacanama" 1.4.21, "karmaṇi dvitīyā" 2.3.2 ityādinā śāstrāntareṇa svaujasādeḥ sūtrasyaikavākyatāyāṃ svādīnāṃ sāmānyavihitatvamupapadyate. evaṃ tarhi jñāpakena avyayebhyaḥ sāmānyena svādyutpattejrñāpi tatvāt sāmānyavihitā ityuktamityadoṣaḥ; kiṃ punastajjñāpakam? "avyayādāpsupaḥ" 2.4.82 ityavyayādutpannānāṃ supāṃ lṛgvavacam, na hranutpannānāṃ lugupapadyate॥

Laghusiddhāntakaumudī¹: bahutvavivakṣāyāṃ bahuvacanaṃ syāt.. Sū #128

Laghusiddhāntakaumudī²: bahuṣu bahuvacanam 128, 1.4.21 bahutvavivakṣāyāṃ bahuvacanaṃ syāt॥

Bālamanoramā¹: bahuṣu. pūrvasūtrā'vairūpyāyehāpi bahuśabdo bahutvapara ityāha–bahutva iti. nac Sū #186 See More

bahuṣu. pūrvasūtrā'vairūpyāyehāpi bahuśabdo bahutvapara ityāha–bahutva iti. nacātra sūtre bahuśabdasya bahutvaparatve'pi bahutvasya ekatvādbahuṣviti bahuvacanaṃ kathamiti śaṅkyam, bahutvasaṃkhyādharadravyagatabahutvasya bahutvaguṇe āropeṇa tadupapatteḥ. bahutvaṃ ca tritvacatuṣṭvādiparādrdhasaṅkhyāvyāpakībhūtadharmaviśeṣaḥ, natu tritvādyanyatamamityekādaśasya prathame `bahuvacanena sarvaprāptervikalpaḥ syā'diti kapiñjalādhikaraṇe tadbhāṣyavārtikayoḥ sthitam. prapañcitaṃ cāsmābhiradhvaramīmāṃsākutūhalavṛttau. evaṃca bahurodana iti vaipulyavācino bahuśabdānna bahuvacanam. dvayekayorityādiprāyapāṭhabalena saṅkhyāniyatasyaiva tathāvidhabahutvasyātra vivakṣitatvāt. ekasyāmeva stryādivyaktau dārā ityādiprayoge tvavayavabahutvasyāvayavinyāropādbahuvacanaṃ kośavṛddhavyavahārabalādityalam. rutvavisargāviti. rāmaśabdātprathamāvibhaktau ekavacane supratyaye sati, ukārasya ittvena lope, `sasajuṣo'riti rutve, `kharavasānayo'riti visarga ityarthaḥ. sa ityukārastu arvaṇastrasāvityādau viśeṣaṇārthaḥ. asītyukte hi asakārādāvityarthaḥ syāt. tataśca vājamarvatsu ityatra arvaṇastṛvidhirna pravarteta. nacātra rorasuptvāttadantasya padatvā'bhāvādrephasya padāntatvā'bhāvātkathamiha visarga iti vācyam. sthānivadbhāvena roḥ suptvāt. naca sthānivadbhāve kartavye traipādikasya rorasiddhatvaṃ śaṅkyam, `idudupadhasya cāpratyayasye'tyapratyayagrahaṇena sthānivattvātideśe rorasiddhatvā'bhāvajñāpanāt. tatra hrapratyayagrahaṇamagni><karoti, kavibhi><kṛtamityādau visargaparyudāsārtham. sthānivattve kartavye rorasiddhatve tu tatra visargasyaivā'bāvāttadvaiyathryaṃ spaṣṭamevetyalam. rāma iti. `ramante yogino.ñanante satyānande cidātmani. iti rāmapadenāsau paraṃ brāhṛābhidhīyate. iti śrutiḥ. `karaṇādhikaraṇayośca' ityadhikāre `halaśca' ityadhikaraṇe ghañ. kṛttaddhiteti prātipadikatvam. avyutpannaḥ saṃjñāśabdo vā. tathā sati arthavaditi prātipadikatvam.

Bālamanoramā²: bahuṣu bahuvacanam 186, 1.4.21 bahuṣu. pūrvasūtrā'vairūpyāyehāpi bahuśabdo bahut See More

Tattvabodhinī¹: bahuṣu. ayamapi saṅkhyāpara evetyāha–bahutva iti. bahuvacanaṃ tvāśrayadravyagat Sū #155 See More

bahuṣu. ayamapi saṅkhyāpara evetyāha–bahutva iti. bahuvacanaṃ tvāśrayadravyagatabahutvaṃ dharme āropya kṛtam. tatphalaṃ tu `bahuḥ paravta' iti vaipulyavācino neha grahaṇamiti sūcanameva. vastuto vyarthaṃ tat, paratvādekavacanasaṃbhavāditi śabdakaustubhādau sthitam. rutvavisargāviti. nanu rutvasyāsiddhatvādukārasyetsaṃjñālopayorabhāvāt `sthānivadādeśaḥ' ityasyāpi tripādyāmapravṛttyā rephāntasya `suptiṅnta'miti padasaṃjñā'bhāvena visargo'tra durlabhaḥ. visargavidhestu `puna'rityādau caritārthatvāditi cenmaivam, `na mu ne' iti sūtre `ne'ti yogaṃ vibhajya `asiddhaṃ ne'ti vyākhyāyāmiṣṭasiddhirityuktatvāt. rāma iti. saṃjñāśabdo'yamavyutpanna iti pakṣe'rthavatsūtreṇa prātipadikasaṃjñā, `karaṇādhikaraṇayośce'tyādhikāre ghāpavādena `halaśce'ti ghañā ramante'sminniti vyutpādane tu `kṛttaddhite'ti sūtreṇeti vivekaḥ. atra kecitpariśkurvanti– `gandharvaḥ śarabho rāmaḥ sṛmaro gavayaḥ śaśaḥ. ityādayo mṛgendrādyā gavādyāḥ paśujātayaḥ ityamaroktayā yadi paśuviśeṣe prayujyate tadā rūḍho'yaṃ rāmaśabda ityarthavatsūtreṇa saṃjñā. yadā tu rāmacandre bhagavati prayujyate tadā ramante yogino'sminniti vyutpattyāśrayaṇātkṛddhiteti sūtreṇa saṃjñeti. sarūpāṇāmekaśeṣaḥ. itaranivṛttipūrvakamavasthānaṃ śeṣaśabdārthaḥ. na ca virūpeṣvekaśeṣā'pravṛttyā `ghaṭakalaśā'viti dvandvāpattiriti śaṅkyam, `vurūpāṇā'miti vārtikasya vakṣyamāṇatvāt. vastutastu sūtrākṣaraireva vārtikārtho labhyate. rūpyate bodhyate. iti rūpamarthaḥ, samānaṃ rūpaṃ yeṣāmiti sarūpāḥ. jyotirjanapadetyādinā samānasya sabhāvaḥ. tathā samānaṃ rūpaṃ svarūpaṃ yeṣāṃ te sarūpāḥ. sarūpāśca sarūpāśca sarūpāḥ, teṣāmityekaśeṣeṇa vyākhyānāt. na ca svāṅge svavyāpārā'yogo vākyāparisamāptinyāyāditi vācyam ; uddeśyatāvacchedakarūpākrāntatayā svasminnapi pravṛtteḥ. anyathā `tulyāsyaprayatna'mityādau savarṇadīrgho na syāt. tathā'rthavatsūtrāntargatānāṃ prātipadikatvaṃ, `pratyayaḥ' `paraśce'tyatra suppratyayaḥ, `sasajuṣo'rityatra ruḥ, `kharavasānayo'riti sūtre visargaśca na syāditi sarvopaplavaḥ syāt. `svādhyāyo'dhyetavyaḥ' ityasya `neha nāne'tyādiśruteśca svasminnapi yathā pravṛttistathā dīrghādīnāmapīti cettulyamekaśeṣe'pi. etena `aiu'ṇityādau `ādguṇaḥ' ityādisandhikāryaṃ kuto netyāśaṅkāyām– `varṇopadeśakāle'jādisaṃjñānāmaniṣpādātsandhirne'ti keṣāñcitsamādhānaṃ parāstam. varṇopadeśe itsaṃjñāyāmatpratyāhāre ca niṣpanne pravartamānānāṃ guṇādīnāmupendra ityādau taṭastha iva uddeśyatāvacchedakarūpākrānte varṇopadeśādāvapi pravṛtterāvaśyakatvāt. syādetat–`sarūpāṇāmeka ekavibhaktau' ityeva sūtramastu, kimanena `śeṣa'grahaṇena ?. atrāhuḥ–tathāhi sati sarūpāṇāṃ sthāne eko'ntaratama ādeśo bhavatītyarthaḥ syāt. tathā cā\ufffdāścā\ufffdāścetyatrodāttadvayavataḥ sthāne udāttadvayavānādeśastathā'nudāttadvayavataḥ sthāne'nudāttadvayavānādeśaḥ prasajyeteti. ekavibhaktau yānīti. vibhaktiḥ sārūpye upalakṣaṇaṃ na tvekaśaiṣe nimittam. evaṃ cā'naimittikatvenāntaraṅgo'yamekaśeṣaḥ subutpatteḥ prāgeva pravartate. yadyotannārabhyeta tarhi pratyekaṃ vibhaktiḥ syāddvandvaśca pravartate. ārabdhe tvekaśeṣe'nekasubantavirahāddvandvasya prāptireva nāstīti bhāvaḥ. nanu subutpatteḥ prāgekaśeṣapravṛttau śiṣyamāṇaṃ yatprātipadikaṃ tadekamevārthaṃ bodhayatīti dvivacanādyanutpattau `rāmau' `ra#āmā' ityādi na sidhyet. naiṣa doṣaḥ, śiṣyamāṇasya lupyamānārthābhidhīyitvāt. ataeva `kṛttaddhitasamāsaikaśeṣe'tyekaśeṣo vṛttaṣu gaṇyate. parārthābhidhānaṃ hi vṛttiḥ. ataeva ca lupte'pi pratyaye`liṅ'`dhu'gityādau kartā pratīyata iti dik.

Tattvabodhinī²: bahuṣu bahuvacanam 155, 1.4.21 bahuṣu. ayamapi saṅkhyāpara evetyāha--bahutva iti See More

bahuṣu bahuvacanam 155, 1.4.21 bahuṣu. ayamapi saṅkhyāpara evetyāha--bahutva iti. bahuvacanaṃ tvāśrayadravyagatabahutvaṃ dharme āropya kṛtam. tatphalaṃ tu "bahuḥ paravta" iti vaipulyavācino neha grahaṇamiti sūcanameva. vastuto vyarthaṃ tat, paratvādekavacanasaṃbhavāditi śabdakaustubhādau sthitam. rutvavisargāviti. nanu rutvasyāsiddhatvādukārasyetsaṃjñālopayorabhāvāt "sthānivadādeśaḥ" ityasyāpi tripādyāmapravṛttyā rephāntasya "suptiṅnta"miti padasaṃjñā'bhāvena visargo'tra durlabhaḥ. visargavidhestu "puna"rityādau caritārthatvāditi cenmaivam, "na mu ne" iti sūtre "ne"ti yogaṃ vibhajya "asiddhaṃ ne"ti vyākhyāyāmiṣṭasiddhirityuktatvāt. rāma iti. saṃjñāśabdo'yamavyutpanna iti pakṣe'rthavatsūtreṇa prātipadikasaṃjñā, "karaṇādhikaraṇayośce"tyādhikāre ghāpavādena "halaśce"ti ghañā ramante'sminniti vyutpādane tu "kṛttaddhite"ti sūtreṇeti vivekaḥ. atra kecitpariśkurvanti--"gandharvaḥ śarabho rāmaḥ sṛmaro gavayaḥ śaśaḥ. ityādayo mṛgendrādyā gavādyāḥ paśujātayaḥ ityamaroktayā yadi paśuviśeṣe prayujyate tadā rūḍho'yaṃ rāmaśabda ityarthavatsūtreṇa saṃjñā. yadā tu rāmacandre bhagavati prayujyate tadā ramante yogino'sminniti vyutpattyāśrayaṇātkṛddhiteti sūtreṇa saṃjñeti. sarūpāṇāmekaśeṣaḥ. itaranivṛttipūrvakamavasthānaṃ śeṣaśabdārthaḥ. na ca virūpeṣvekaśeṣā'pravṛttyā "ghaṭakalaśā"viti dvandvāpattiriti śaṅkyam, "vurūpāṇā"miti vārtikasya vakṣyamāṇatvāt. vastutastu sūtrākṣaraireva vārtikārtho labhyate. rūpyate bodhyate. iti rūpamarthaḥ, samānaṃ rūpaṃ yeṣāmiti sarūpāḥ. jyotirjanapadetyādinā samānasya sabhāvaḥ. tathā samānaṃ rūpaṃ svarūpaṃ yeṣāṃ te sarūpāḥ. sarūpāśca sarūpāśca sarūpāḥ, teṣāmityekaśeṣeṇa vyākhyānāt. na ca svāṅge svavyāpārā'yogo vākyāparisamāptinyāyāditi vācyam ; uddeśyatāvacchedakarūpākrāntatayā svasminnapi pravṛtteḥ. anyathā "tulyāsyaprayatna"mityādau savarṇadīrgho na syāt. tathā'rthavatsūtrāntargatānāṃ prātipadikatvaṃ, "pratyayaḥ" "paraśce"tyatra suppratyayaḥ, "sasajuṣo"rityatra ruḥ, "kharavasānayo"riti sūtre visargaśca na syāditi sarvopaplavaḥ syāt. "svādhyāyo'dhyetavyaḥ" ityasya "neha nāne"tyādiśruteśca svasminnapi yathā pravṛttistathā dīrghādīnāmapīti cettulyamekaśeṣe'pi. etena "aiu"ṇityādau "ādguṇaḥ" ityādisandhikāryaṃ kuto netyāśaṅkāyām--"varṇopadeśakāle'jādisaṃjñānāmaniṣpādātsandhirne"ti keṣāñcitsamādhānaṃ parāstam. varṇopadeśe itsaṃjñāyāmatpratyāhāre ca niṣpanne pravartamānānāṃ guṇādīnāmupendra ityādau taṭastha iva uddeśyatāvacchedakarūpākrānte varṇopadeśādāvapi pravṛtterāvaśyakatvāt. syādetat--"sarūpāṇāmeka ekavibhaktau" ityeva sūtramastu, kimanena "śeṣa"grahaṇena?. atrāhuḥ--tathāhi sati sarūpāṇāṃ sthāne eko'ntaratama ādeśo bhavatītyarthaḥ syāt. tathā cā()āścā()āścetyatrodāttadvayavataḥ sthāne udāttadvayavānādeśastathā'nudāttadvayavataḥ sthāne'nudāttadvayavānādeśaḥ prasajyeteti. ekavibhaktau yānīti. vibhaktiḥ sārūpye upalakṣaṇaṃ na tvekaśaiṣe nimittam. evaṃ cā'naimittikatvenāntaraṅgo'yamekaśeṣaḥ subutpatteḥ prāgeva pravartate. yadyotannārabhyeta tarhi pratyekaṃ vibhaktiḥ syāddvandvaśca pravartate. ārabdhe tvekaśeṣe'nekasubantavirahāddvandvasya prāptireva nāstīti bhāvaḥ. nanu subutpatteḥ prāgekaśeṣapravṛttau śiṣyamāṇaṃ yatprātipadikaṃ tadekamevārthaṃ bodhayatīti dvivacanādyanutpattau "rāmau" "ra#āmā" ityādi na sidhyet. naiṣa doṣaḥ, śiṣyamāṇasya lupyamānārthābhidhīyitvāt. ataeva "kṛttaddhitasamāsaikaśeṣe"tyekaśeṣo vṛttaṣu gaṇyate. parārthābhidhānaṃ hi vṛttiḥ. ataeva ca lupte'pi pratyaye"liṅ""dhu"gityādau kartā pratīyata iti dik.

1.Source: Arsha Vidya Gurukulam
2.Source: Sanskrit Documents

Examples²:

brāhmaṇāḥ paṭhanti।

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