Pāṇini 1.1.9

Grammatical Sūtra: तुल्यास्यप्रयत्नं सवर्णम् tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ savarṇam Chantings of the aṣṭādhyāyī kindly with permision Sai Susarla.
Individual Word Components: tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ savarṇam
Sūtra with anuvṛtti words: tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ savarṇam
Compounds²: āsye prayatnaḥ, āsyaprayatnaḥ, saptamītatpuruṣaḥ। tulyaḥ āsyaprayatnaḥ yasya (yena saha) tat tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ, bahuvrīhiḥ
Type of Rule: saṃjñā

Description:

Source:Laghusiddhānta kaumudī (Ballantyne)

Those whose place of utterance and effort are equal are called savar{n}a or homogeneous letters. Source: Aṣṭādhyāyī 2.0

(The t.t.) sávarṇa `homogeneous' designates phonemes which are produced by the same articulatory effort (túlya-prayatná-) at the same point of articulation in the oral cavity (āsya-). Source: From Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini In Roman Transliteration translated by Sumitra M. Katre, Copyright © 1987. Courtesy of the University of Texas Press.

A sound which shares same articulatory effort in the mouth with another is termed homogeneous (savarṇa) Source: Courtesy of Dr. Rama Nath Sharma ©

āsye bhavaṃ āsyam। tulyaḥ āsye prayatnaḥ yeṣāṃ, te varṇāḥ pasasparaṃ savarṇasaṃjñakāḥ bhavanti Source: Sanskrit Documents

Source:Srisa Chandra Vasu's Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini

Mahābhāṣya: With kind permission: Dr. George Cardona

1/14:tulayā sammitam tulyam |
2/14:āsyam ca prayatnaḥ ca āsyaprayatnam |
3/14:tulyāsyam tulyaprayatnam ca savarṇasañjñam bhavati |
4/14:kim punaḥ āsyam |
5/14:laukikam āsyam oṣṭhāt prabhṛti prāk kākalakāt |
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1/69:savarṇasañjñāyām bhinnadeśeṣu atiprasaṅgaḥ prayatnasāmānyāt |*
2/69:savarṇasañjñāyām bhinnadeśeṣu atiprasaṅgaḥ bhavati jabagaḍadaśām |
3/69:kim kāraṇam |
4/69:prayatnasāmānyāt |
5/69:eteṣām hi samānaḥ prayatnaḥ |
6/69:siddham tu āsye tulyadeśaprayatnam savarṇam |*
7/69:siddham etat| katham |
8/69:āsye yeṣām tulyaḥ deśaḥ yatnaḥ ca te savarṇasañjñāḥ bhavanti iti vaktavyam |
9/69:evam api kim āsyopādāne prayojanam |
10/69:sarveṣām hi tat tulyam |
11/69:prayatnaviśeṣaṇam āsyopādānam |
12/69:santi hi āsyāt bāhyāḥ prayatnāḥ |
13/69:te hāpitāḥ bhavanti |
14/69:teṣu satsu asatsu api savarṇasañjñā sidhyati |
15/69:ke punaḥ te |
16/69:vivārasaṃvārau śvāsanādau ghoṣavadaghoṣatā alpaprāṇatā mahāprāṇatā iti |
17/69:tatra vargāṇām prathamadvitīyāḥ vivṛtakaṇṭhāḥ śvāsānupradānāḥ aghoṣāḥ |
18/69:eke alpaprāṇāḥ apare mahāprāṇāḥ |
19/69:tṛtīyacaturthāḥ saṃvṛtakaṇṭhāḥ nādānupradānāḥ ghoṣavantaḥ |
20/69:eke alpaprāṇāḥ apare mahāprāṇāḥ |
21/69:yathā tṛtīyāḥ tathā pañcamāḥ ānunāsikyavarjam |
22/69:ānunāsikyam teṣām adhikaḥ guṇaḥ |
23/69:evam api avarṇasya savarṇasañjñā na prāpnoti |
24/69:kim kāraṇam |
25/69:bāhyam hi āsyāt sthānam avarṇasya |
26/69:sarvamukhasthānam avarṇam eke icchanti |
27/69:evam api vyapadeśaḥ na prakalpate : āsye yeṣām tulyaḥ deśaḥ iti |
28/69:vyapadeśivadbhāvena vyapadeśaḥ bhaviṣyati |
29/69:sidhyati |
30/69:sūtram tarhi bhidyate |
31/69:yathānyāsam eva astu |
32/69:nanu ca uktam savarṇasañjñayām bhinnadeśeṣu atiprasaṅgaḥ prayatnasāmānyāt iti |
33/69:na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ |
34/69:na hi laukikam āsyam |
35/69:kim tarhi |
36/69:taddhitāntam āsyam : āsye bhavam āsyam |
37/69:śarīrāvayavāt yat |
38/69:kim punaḥ āsye bhavam |
39/69:sthānam karaṇam ca |
40/69:evam api prayatnaḥ aviśeṣitaḥ bhavati |
41/69:prayatnaḥ ca viśeṣitaḥ |
42/69:katham |
43/69:na hi prayatanam prayatnaḥ |
44/69:kim tarhi |
45/69:prārambhaḥ yatnasya prayatnaḥ |
46/69:yadi prārambhaḥ yatnasya prayatnaḥ evam api avarṇasya eṅoḥ ca savarṇasañjñā prāpnoti |
47/69:praśliṣṭavarṇau etau |
48/69:avarṇasya tarhi aicoḥ ca savarṇasañjñā prāpnoti |
49/69:vivṛtatarāvarṇau etau |
50/69:etayoḥ eva tarhi mithaḥ savarṇasañjñā prāpnoti |
51/69:na etau tulyasthānau |
52/69:udāttādīnām tarhi savarṇasañjñā na prāpnoti |
53/69:abhedakāḥ udāttādayaḥ |
54/69:atha vā kim naḥ etena prārambhaḥ yatnasya prayatnaḥ iti |prayatanam eva prayatnaḥ |
55/69:tat eva ca taddhitāntam āsyam |
56/69:yat samānam tat āśrayiṣyāmaḥ |
57/69:kim sati bhede |
58/69:sati iti āha |
59/69:sati eva hi bhede savarṇasañjñayā bhavitavyam |
60/69:kutaḥ etat |
61/69:bhedādhiṣṭhānā hi savarṇasañjñā |
62/69:yadi hi yatra sarvam samānam tatra syāt savarṇasañjñāvacanam anarthakam syāt |
63/69:yadi tarhi sati bhede kim cit samānam iti kṛtva savarṇasañjñā bhaviṣyati śakārachakārayoḥ ṣakāraṭhakārahoḥ sakārathakārayoḥ savarṇasañjñā prāpnoti |
64/69:eteṣām hi sarvam anyat samānam karaṇavarjam |
65/69:evam tarhi prayatanam eva prayatnaḥ tat eva taddhitāntam āsyam na tu ayam dvandvaḥ : āsyam ca prayatnaḥ ca āsyaprayatnam iti |
66/69:kim tarhi |
67/69:tripadaḥ bahuvrīhiḥ : tulyaḥ āsye prayatnaḥ eṣām iti |
68/69:atha vā pūrvaḥ tatpuruṣaḥ tataḥ bahuvrīhiḥ : tulyaḥ āsye tulyāsyaḥ , tulyāsyaḥ prayatnaḥ eṣām iti |
69/69:atha vā paraḥ tatpuruṣaḥ tataḥ bahuvrīhiḥ : āsye yatnaḥ āsyayatnaḥ , tulyaḥ āsyayatnaḥ eṣām iti |

1/16:tasya |
2/16:tasya iti tu vaktavyam |
3/16:kim prayojanam |
4/16:yaḥ yasya tulyāsyaprayatnaḥ saḥ tasya savarṇasañjñaḥ yathā syāt |
5/16:anyasya tulyāsyaprayatnaḥ anyasya savarṇasañjñaḥ mā bhūt |
6/16:tasya avacanam vacanaprāmāṇyāt |*
7/16:tasya iti na vaktavyam |
8/16:anyasya tulyāsyaprayatnaḥ anyasya savarṇasañjñaḥ kasmāt na bhavati |
9/16:vacanaprāmāṇyāt : savarṇasañjñāvacanasāmarthyāt |
10/16:yadi hi anyasya tulyāsyaprayatnaḥ saḥ anyasya savarṇasañjñaḥ syāt savarṇasañjñāvacanam anarthakam syāt |
11/16:sambandhiśabdaiḥ vā tulyam |*
12/16:sambandhiśabdaiḥ vā punaḥ tulyam etat |
13/16:tat yathā sambandhiśabdāḥ : mātari vartitavyam , pitari śuśrūṣitavyam iti |
14/16:na ca ucyate svasyām mātari svasmin vā pitari iti sambandhāt ca etat gamyate yā yasya mātā yaḥ ca yasya pitā iti |
15/16:evam iha api tulyāsyaprayatnam savarṇam iti atra sambandiśabdau etau |
16/16:tatra sambandhāt etat gantavyam : yat prati yat tulyāsyaprayatnam tat prati tat savarṇasañjñam bhavati iti |

1/37:ṛkāraḷkārayoḥ savarṇavidhiḥ |*
2/37:ṛkāraḷkārayoḥ savarṇasañjñā vidheyā |
3/37:hotṛ , ḷkāraḥ , hotṝḷkāraḥ |
4/37:kim prayojanam |
5/37:akaḥ savarṇe dīrghaḥ iti dīrghatvam yathā syāt |
6/37:na etat asti prayojanam |
7/37:vakṣyati etat |
8/37:savarṇadīrghatve ṛti , rṛvāvacanam ḷti , lḷvāvacanam iti |
9/37:tat savarṇe yathā syāt |
10/37:iha mā bhūt : dadhi , ḷkāraḥ , madhu , ḷkāraḥ iti |
11/37:yat etat savarṇadīrghatve ṛti iti etat ṛtaḥ iti vakṣyāmi |
12/37:tataḥ ḷti |
13/37:ḷti ca vā lḷ bhavati |
14/37:ṛtaḥ iti eva |
15/37:tat na vaktavyam bhavati |
16/37:avaśyam tat vaktavyam |
17/37:ūkālaḥ ac hrasvardīrghaplutasañjñaḥ bhavati iti ucyate |
18/37:na ca rṛkāraḥ lḷkāraḥ vā ac asti |
19/37:rṛkārasya , lḷkārasya ca actvam vakṣyāmi |
20/37:tat ca avaśyam vaktavyam plutaḥ yathā syāt : hotṛ , ṛkāraḥ hotṝkāraḥ , hotṛ3kāraḥ , hotṛ , ḷkāraḥ , hotḷkāraḥ , hotḷ3kāraḥ |
21/37:kim punaḥ atra jyāyaḥ |
22/37:savarṇasañjñāvacanam eva jyāyaḥ |
23/37:dīrghatvam ca eva hi siddham bhavati| api ca ṛkāragrahaṇe ḷkāragrahaṇam sannihitam bhavati |
24/37:yathā iha bhavati : ṛti akaḥ: khaṭva ṛśyaḥ , māla ṛśyaḥ idam api saṅgṛhītam bahavati : khaṭva , ḷkāraḥ, māla , ḷkāraḥ iti |
25/37:vā supi āpiśaleḥ : uparkārīyati , upārkārīyati , idam api siddham bhavati : upalkārīyati, upālkārīyati iti |
26/37:yadi tarhi ṛkāragrahaṇe ḷkāragrahaṇam sannihitam bhavati uḥ aṇ raparaḥ , ḷkārasya api raparatvam prāpnoti |
27/37:ḷkārasya laparatvam vakṣyāmi |
28/37:tat ca avaśyam vaktavyam asatyām savarṇasañjñāyām vidhyartham |
29/37:tat eva satyām rephabādhanārtham bhaviṣyati |
30/37:iha tarhi raṣābhyām naḥ ṇaḥ samānapade iti ṛkāragrahaṇam coditam mātṝṇām , pitṝṇām iti evamartham |
31/37:tat iha api prāpnoti : kḷpyamānam paśya iti |
32/37:atha asatyām api savarṇasañjñāyām iha kasmāt na bhavati : prakḷpyamānam paśya iti |
33/37:cuṭutulaśarvyavāye na iti vakṣyāmi |
34/37:aparaḥ āha : tribhiḥ ca madhyamaiḥ vargaiḥ laśasaiḥ ca vyavāye na iti vakṣyāmi iti |
35/37:varṇaikadeśāḥ ca varṇagrahaṇena gṛhyante iti yaḥ asau ḷkāre lakāraḥ tadāśrayaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ bhaviṣyati |
36/37:yadi evam na arthaḥ raṣābhyām ṇatve ṛkāragrahaṇena |
37/37:varṇaikadeśāḥ ca varṇagrahaṇena gṛhyante iti yaḥ asau ṛkāre rephaḥ tadāśrayam ṇatvam bhaviṣyati |

Kielhorn/Abhyankar (I,61.2-7) Rohatak (I,195-197)

*Kātyāyana's Vārttikas

Commentaries:

Kāśikāvṛttī¹: tulyaśabdaḥ sadṛśaparyāyaḥ. āsye bhavamāsyaṃ tālvādisthānam. prayatanaṃ prayatna See More

Kāśikāvṛttī²: tulyā'syaprayarnaṃ savarṇam 1.1.9 tulyaśabdaḥ sadṛśaparyāyaḥ. āsye bhavamāsyaṃ See More

Nyāsa²: tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ savarṇam. , 1.1.9 tulayā sammitaṃ tulyamiti "nauvayodharm See More

tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ savarṇam. , 1.1.9 tulayā sammitaṃ tulyamiti "nauvayodharma" 4.4.91 ityādinā yatamutpādya tulyaśabdo vyutpādyate. na ca prayatnasya tulayā sammitatvaṃ sambhavati, tataścāsambhavadviśeṣaṇamiti yaścodayet, taṃ pratyāha- "tulyaśabdaḥ" ityādi. evaṃ manyate- vyutpattyarthaṃ tu kevalaṃ tulopādamate, na tvatra tulārtho vidyate, na vā sammitārthaḥ. sadṛṣaparyāyo hrayaṃ tulyaśabdaḥ. tathā hi- "tulya" ityukte "sadṛśa" iti paryāyo bhavati, na tu tulayā sammita iti. āsyaśabdo'yaṃ ṇyadanto'pyasti. asyate kṣipyate'nnamaneneti "kṛtyalyuṭo bahulam" 3.3.113 iti karaṇe ṇyat. āsyam- mukham. tatpunaḥ oṣṭhātprabhṛti prāk kākalakāt. kākalakaṃ nāma grīvāyāmunnatapradeśaḥ, loke yaḥ kaṇṭhamaṇiḥ ityucyate. taddhitānto'pyāsyaśabdo'sti- āsye bhavamiti, "śarīrāvayavācca" 4.3.55 iti yati kṛte, "yasyeti ca" 6.4.148 ityakāralope "halo yamāṃ yami lopaḥ" 8.4.63 iti yalope ca kṛte "āsyam" iti. etacca mukhāntarvarttināṃ tālvādīnāṃ vācakam. tatra yadi pūrvasyāsyaśabdasyedaṃ grahaṇaṃ syāt, kacaṭatapānāmapi savarṇasañjñā syāt, ṇyadantasyāsyaśabdasya vācye'rthe teṣāṃ tulyatvāt prayatnaviṣayasya. imamataddhitāntasyāsyaśabdasya grahaṇe doṣaṃ dṛṣṭvā taddhitāntasyedaṃ grahaṇamiti darśayannāha- "āsye bhavamāsyama" iti. kiṃ punastadityāha- "tālvādisthānama" iti. yasmin varṇā niṣpādyante, tat sthānam. āviśabdena nāsikādīnāṃ grahaṇam. nanu ca nāsikā mukhādvahirvṛttirāsyaṃ na bhavati? naitadasti; na hi mukhādbahirvarttinī nāsikeyaṃ vivakṣitā, tasyāṃ varṇānāmaniṣpatteḥ. kā tarhi? antarāsye carma vitatamasti paṇavacarmavat, tatsambaddhā rekhā, yasyāṃ vāyunābhihanyamā-nāyāṃ varṇā niṣpadyante seha nāsikā vivakṣitā. kathaṃ punarvijñāyate taddhitāntasyāsyaśabdasyedaṃ grahaṇamiti? āsyagrahaṇasāthryāt. yadi hrataddhitāntasya grahaṇaṃ syāt, āsyagrahaṇamanarthakaṃ syāt. sarveṣāmeva hi tadvācya evārthe prayatnastulyaḥ.nāstyeva hi saḥ, yasya vyavacchedārthamāsyagrahaṇaṃ syāt. nanu ca visarjanīyasya satya- sati vā savarṇatve prayojanamasti, nāpi doṣaḥ."spṛṣṭatādiḥ" iti. ādiśabdena īṣatspṛ-ṣṭatādīnāṃ grahaṇam. "varṇaguṇaḥ" iti. akārādīnāṃ varṇānāṃ dharma ityarthaḥ. "tulya āsye prayatno yasya" iti. etena tulyāsyaprayatnaśabdastripado'yaṃ bahuvrīhiriti darśayati. vyādhikaraṇānāmapi gamakatvanādbahuvrīhirbhavatyeva; yathā - "kaṇṭhekālaḥ, urasilomā" iti. atha dvandvagarbhabahuvrīhiḥ kasmānnāśrīyate- āsyaṃ ca prayatnaśca āsyaprayatnau,tau tulyau yasya tat tulyāsyaprayatnamiti? evaṃ manyate- dvandvagarbhabahuvrīhāvāśrīyamāṇe tālvādinā sthānena prayatno na viśeṣitaḥ syāt. tataśca kakāraṅakārayormithaḥ savarṇasañjñā na syāt, bāhrasya prayatnasya bhinnatvāt. kakārasya vivṛtakaṇṭhatvādirbāhraḥ prayatnaḥ. ṅakārasya saṃvṛtakaṇṭhatvādiḥ. asatyāṃ ca savarṇasañjñāyāṃ śaṅkitetyatra "anusvārasya yayi parasavarṇaḥ" 8.4.57 iti ṅakāro na syāt. atha satyapi bāhrasya prayatnasya bheda ābhyantaraḥ spṛṣṭatākhyo'nayostulyaḥ prayatnaḥ, taṃ samāśrityasavarṇasañjñā bhaviṣyati? yadyevam, śakāracakārasayorapi satyapyābhyantarayorvivṛtāspṛṣṭatayoḥ prayatnayorbhede yo'nayorbāhraḥ prayatnastulyo vivṛtkaṇṭhatvādistadāśrayā savarṇasañjñā syāt. tataśca "aruścyotati" iti vakṣya-māṇaṃ pratyudāharaṇaṃ nopapadyate.tha tripade tu bahuvrīhau tālvādisthānena prayatno viśiṣyate. tena bāhraṃ prayatnamutsṛjyābhyantara eva spṛṣṭatādirgṛhrate. sa eva hi tālvādāvāsye sambhavati, netaraḥ. ābhyantarasya prayatnasya grahaṇe sati satyapi bāhra- prayatnabhede bhatatyeva kakāra ṅakārayoḥ savarṇasañjñā; ābhyantaraprayatnasya tulyatvāt, tasyaiva ceha grahaṇāt. na ca cakāraśakārayoḥ satyapi bāhrasya prayatnasya tulyatve savarṇasañjñā prasajati; tasyehāgrahaṇāt, yasya ca grahaṇaṃ tasya cāsamānatvāt. tasyāt tripada eva bahuvrīhirāśrayituṃ yuktaḥ; na dvandvagarbha iti. yadi tarhi tripado bahu- vrīhirāśrīyate, bhinnavibhaktikatvādaprādhānyāccāsyaṃ tulyatvenāviśeṣitaṃ bhavati, tataśca bhinnasthānānāmapi savarṇasañjñā prāpnoti? naiṣa doṣaḥ. yadādheyaṃ prati yadadhikaraṇamupadīyate, tadādheyatulyayaiva tat tulyamiti vijñāyate. tathā hi- "devadattayajñadattayostulyaṃ kāṃsyapātryāṃ bhojanam" ityukte kāṃsyapātryapi tayostulyeti gamyate. yaṃ prati yastulyāsyaprayatnaḥ, sa tameva prati savarṇasañjño bhavatītyeṣo'- rtho yato vacanāllabhyata iha tannāsti. tataśca yo yaṃ prati tulyāsyaprayatnaḥ, sa tato'- nyamapi prati savarṇasañjñaḥ syāditi codyamāśaṅkyāha- "samānajātīyaṃ prati" iti. samānajātīyo yaṃ prati yastulyāsyaprayatnaḥ, taṃ prati sa savarṇasañjño bhavati, na tato'nyam. etacca tulyāsyaprayatnaśabdasya savarṇaśabdasya ca sambandhiśabdatvāllabhyate. sambandhiśabdo hranteraṇāpi śabdāntarasannidhiḥ niyameva sambandhinamupasthāpayati, yathā- "pitari śuśrūṣitavyam" iti. nocyate svasminniti, sambandhāccaitadavagamyate, "yo yasya pitā" iti. tathehāpi. yadyapi yo yasya tulyāsyaprayatnaḥ, sa taṃ prati savarṇasañjño bhavatīti,na cocyate, tathāpi sambandhāt tulyāsyaprayatnaḥ samānajātīyameva prati savarṇasañjño bhavatīti gamyate. atha vā samāno varṇaḥ "savarṇaḥ" ityanvarthasañjñeyam. tenatulyajātīyameva prati savarṇasañjño bhavati. evaṃ hi samāno'sya varṇo bhavati, yadi tameva prati savarṇasañjño bhavati, na vijātīyaṃ prati. "catvāraḥ" ityādi. dvividhāḥ prayatnāḥ, ābhyantarāḥ, bāhrāśca. tatrābhya-ntarāḥ catvāro vṛttarau darśitāḥ. bāhrāstvekādaśaṣa. ke punaste? "vivāraḥ, saṃvāraḥ,()āāsaḥ, nādaḥ, ghoṣaḥ, aghoṣaḥ, alpaprāṇaḥ, mahāprāṇaḥ, udāttaḥ, anudāttaḥ, svaritaśca" iti. tatra nābhipradeśāt prayatnaprerito vāyuḥ prāṇo nāma ūdhrvamātrāmannuraḥ prabhṛtīnāmanyatamasmin stāne prayatnena vidhāryate, sa vidhāryamāṇaḥ sthānamabhihanti, tataḥ sthānābhighātād dhvanirutpadyate. ākāśe sāvaṇryaśrutiḥ savarṇasyātmalābhaḥ. tatra varṇadhvanāvutpadyamāne yadā sthānamabhihanti, tataḥ sthānābhighātād dhvanirutpadyate. ākāśe sāvaṇryaśrutiḥ savarṇasyātmalābhaḥ. tatra varṇadhvanāvutpadyamāne yadā sthānakaraṇa-prayatnāḥ parasparaṃ spṛśanti, tadā sā "spṛṣṭatā". īṣadyadā spṛśanti, tadā sā īṣa- spṛṣṭatā; sāmīpyena yadā spṛśanti, sā saṃvṛtatā; dūreṇa yadā spṛśanti, sā vivṛtatā-ete catvāra ābhyantarāḥ prayatnāḥ. ābhyantaratvaṃ punareṣāṃ sthānakaraṇaprayatna- vyāpāreṇotpattikāla eva sambhavāt. tatra spṛṣṭakaraṇāḥ sparśāḥ. kādayo māvasānāḥ sparśāḥ, spaṣṭatā guṇaḥ. karaṇaṃ kṛtiruccāraṇaprakāraḥ. spṛṣṭatānugataṃ karaṇaṃ yeṣāṃ te spṛṣṭakaraṇāḥ. evamanyatrāpi veditavyam. īṣatspṛṣṭakaraṇā antaḥ sthāḥ. antaḥ sthā yaralavāḥ. vivṛtaṃ karaṇamūṣmaṇām, svarāṇāṃ ca. svarāḥ sarva evācaḥ. uṣmamāṇaḥ śaṣasahāḥ. atha bāhrāḥ prayatnāḥ kiṃlakṣaṇāḥ? sa eva prāṇo nāma vāyuparūdhrvamākrāman mu()dhna pratihato nivṛto yadā koṣṭhamabhihanti tadā koṣṭhe'bhihanyamāne galabilasya saṃvṛtatvāt saṃvāro nāma varṇadharma upajāyate. vivṛtatvād vivāraḥ. saṃvṛte galabile'vyaktaḥ śabdo nādaḥ, vivṛte ()āāsaḥ. uparivartinau tau ()āāsanādāvanupradānamiti kecidācakṣate. varṇaniṣpatteranu-paścāt pradīyata ityanupradānam. anye tu brāuvate "anupradānamanu- svāno ghaṣṭānihryādavat" yathā- ghaṇṭānihryādo'nusvanamanubhavati tathā iti. tatra yadā sthānābhighātaje dhnanau nādo'nupradīyate, tadā nādadhvanisaṅgād ghoṣo jāyate, yadā ()āāso'nupradīyate, tadā ()āāsadhvanisaṅgādaghoṣaḥ, mahita vāyau mahāprāṇaḥ, aspavāyāvalpa- prāṇaḥ. yadā sarvāṅgānusārī prayatnastīvro bhavati tadā gātrasya nigrahaḥ, kaṇṭhavivara- sya ca cāṇutvam, svarasya ca vāyostīvragatitvād raukṣyaṃ bhavati, tamudāttamācakṣate. yadā tu mandaḥ prayatno bhavati, tadā gātrasya ruāṃsanam, kaṇṭhabilasya mahattvam, svarasya vāyormandagatitvāt snigdhatā bhavati, tamanudāttamācakṣate. udāttānudāttasvarasannikarṣāt svarita ityevaṃ lakṣaṇā bāhrāḥ prayatnāḥ. bāhratvaṃ punareṣāṃ varṇaniṣpattikālādūdhrvaṃ, vāyuvaśenotpatteḥ. tatra vargāṇāṃ prathama dvitīyāḥ śaṣaravisarja-nīyajihvāmūlīyopadhmānīyā yamau ca prathamadvitīyau vivṛtakaṇṭhāḥ ()āāsānupradānā aghoṣāḥ.vagryayamānāṃ prathame'lpaprāṇāḥ. itare sarve mahāprāṇāḥ. vargāṇāñca tṛtīyacaturthā antaḥsthā hakārānusvārau yamau ca tṛtīyacaturthau saṃvṛtakaṇṭhā nādānupradānā ghoṣavantaḥ. vagryamānāṃ tṛtīyā antaḥsthāśca alpaprāṇāḥ. itare sarve mahāprāṇāḥ. yathā tṛtīyā- stathā pañcamāḥ, ānunāsikyameṣāmadhiko guṇaḥ. ya evaite dviprakārāḥ prayatnā bāhrā ābhyantarāścākhyātāḥ, teṣāmiha savarṇasañjñāyāṃ pūrvoktā ābhyantarāścatvāraḥ spṛṣṭatādaya āśrīyante,na bāhrā vivārādayaḥ, āsyagrahaṇena teṣāṃ vyāvartitatvāt. spṛṣṭatādaya eva hrāsye bhavanti, navivārādayaḥ. yadyevam, kimarthaṃ prayatnagrahaṇam, etāvadastu tulyāsyamiti, āsyagrahaṇenaiva hi spṛṣṭatādayo'pi prayatnāḥ savarṇasañjñāyāṃ nimittabhūtāstālvādisthānavallabhyanta eva, teṣāmapyāsye bhavanāt? satyametat, tathāpa pratyekaṃ vyāpāra- nirāsārthamubhayorupādānām. itarathā hi yathaiva sthānaṃ tulyaṃ sthānāntaranirapekṣaṃ savarṇa sañjñāyāṃ vyāpriyate, evaṃ prayatno'pi sthānanirapekṣaḥ, sthānaṃ ca prayatnanira- pekṣaṃ vyāpriyeta; tataśca bhinnaprayatnānāmapi tulyasthānānām, bhinnasthānānāmapi tulyaprayatanānāṃ savarṇasañjñā syāt. "a a a" ityādinā yeṣāṃ yāvatāṃ ca yādṛśāṃ ca mitho nityā savarṇasañjñā, tān darśayati. akārāṇāṃ hi sarveṣām "akuhavisarjanīyāḥ kaṇṭhyāḥ" iti tulyaṃ kaṇṭhasthānam. ikārāṇāmapi "icuyaśāstālavyāḥ" iti tālu. ukārā-ṇāmapi "upūpadhmānīyā oṣṭhyāḥ" ityoṣṭhaḥ. ṛkārāṇāmapi "ṛṭuraṣā mūrdhanyāḥ" iti mūrdhā. lṛkārāṇāmapi "lṛtulasā dantyāḥ" ita dantaḥ. ekārāṇāmaikārāṇāṃ ca "eai kaṇṭha()tālavyau" iti kaṇṭhatālu. okārāṇāmaukārāṇāṃ ca "o o kaṇṭhyauṣṭhyau" iti kaṣṭhoṣṭham. prayatnastu sarveṣāmevaiṣāṃ vivṛtaṃ karaṇamūṣmaṇāṃ svarāṇāṃ ceti vivṛtatvam. tasmāt tulyasthānprayatnatvāt svare'kārādayo mithaḥ savarṇasañjñāḥ. evaṃ yāvadaukāraḥ. antaḥsthā dviprabhedāḥ, sānunāsikā niranunāsikāśca rephavarjitāḥ. te'pi samānajātīyānantaḥsthān prati savarṇasañjñā bhavanti. "rephoṣmaṇāṃ savarṇā na santi" iti. te'bhyo'nye'kārādayo varṇā vijātīyā ityeṣo'bhiprāyaḥ. tulyajātīyāstu rephoṣmāṇastulyasthānaprayatnāḥ savarṇāḥ santyeva. tatra rephasya tāvad ṛṭuraṣebhyo yavalebhyaścānye varṇā bhinnasthānatvācca bhinnaprayatnatvācca savarṇā na bhavanti. tathā hi- "akuhavisarjanīyāḥ kaṇṭh()yāḥ, icuyaśāstālavyāḥ, lṛtulasā dantyāḥ,apūpadhmānīyā oṣṭhyāḥ, eai kaṇṭha()tālavyau, o au kaṇṭha()oṣṭhayau" iti vacanādakārādīnāṃ yathāyogaṃ kaṇṭhādi sthānam. rephasya tvṛṭuraṣā mūrdhanyā iti mūrdhā. prayatno'pyanantaranirdiṣṭeṣvakārādiṣu ye svarāḥ teṣāṃ vivṛtaṃ karaṇamūṣmaṇāṃ svarāṇāṃ ceti vivṛtatvam. ye tu vargāntaḥ pātinaḥ kakārādayaḥ, teṣāṃ spṛṣṭakaraṇāḥ sparśā iti spṛṣṭatā. repha- syeṣatspṛṣṭakaraṇā antaḥsthā itīṣatspṛṣṭatā. śakārasakārāvapi sthānaprayatnabhedād() rephasya savarṇau na bhavataḥ. tau hi yathākramaṃ tālavyadantyau. rephastu mūrdhanyaḥ. prayatno 'pi tayorvivṛtatvam. rephasya tu pūrvokta eva. ṛṭuṣāḥ prayatnabhedāccaiva rephasya savarṇā na bhavanti; na tu sthānabhedena; teṣāmapi mūrdhanyatvāt. prayatnabhedastu vidyateṛkāraṣakārayoḥ pūrvavad vivṛtatvam, rephasya tu sa eva pūrvoktaḥ. ṭavargasya spṛṣṭatā. yavalāstu punaḥ sthānabhedādeva savarṇā na bhavanti, na tu prayatnabhedāt; teṣāmapīṣatspṛ- ṣṭaguṇatvāt. sthānabhedastu vidyate, yavalānāṃ yathāyogaṃ tālavyadantyoṣṭha()tvāt. evaṃ visarjanīyajihvāmūlīyopadhmānīyānusvārāḥ. kum̐ khum̐ gum̐ ghum̐ ityete ca yamāścātulyasthānaprayatnatvādeva rephasya savarṇā na bhavanti. visarjanīyo hi kaṇṭha()ḥ, jihvāmūlīyo hi jihvyaḥ; upadhmānīya oṣṭhyaḥ, anusvārayamā nāsikyāḥ, rephastu mūrdhanyaḥ. prayatnastu yastasya pūrvoktaḥ, sa visarjanīyādīnāṃ nāstyeva tadevaṃ rephasya rephādanyo nāsti kaścit savarto varṇaḥ. anayā diśoṣmaṇāmapi śakārādīnāṃ sāvaṇryābhāve veditavyaḥ. "vargyaḥ" ityādi. varge bhavo vargyaḥ. "digāditvād yat" 4.3.54, "yasyeti ca" 6.4.148 ityākāralopaḥ. vagryo yo varṇaḥ, so'nyena vargyeṇa svavargāntaḥpātinā tulyāsyaprayatnena saha savarṇo bhavati,yathā-kakāraḥ khakāreṇa. evamanyatrāpi veditavyam. "bhinnasthānānām" ityādi. ete hi kakārādayaḥ sarve spṛ ṣṭaguṇatvāt tulyaprayatnā yathākramaṃ kaṇṭhatālumūrdhadantoṣṭhasthānatvādbhinnasthānāḥ. "tarptā, tarptum" iti. "tṛpa tṛnpha tṛptau" (dhā.pā.1307,1308) ityasya tṛci tumuni ca rūpam. "bhinnaprayatnānāmityādi. ikārādayohi tālavyatvāt sarve tulya- sthānā vivṛtatvaspṛṣṭatveṣatspṛṣṭatvaprayatnāt yathāyogaṃ bhinnaprayatnāḥ. ikāra- śakārayoryadyapi prayatano'pyabhinnaḥ,tathāpi, tayoḥ pratiṣedhaṃ vakṣyatīti na bhavati savarṇa- tvam. "aruścyotati"iti "ścyutir kṣaraṇe" (dhā.pā.41) ityasya laṭi rūpam. tatra paratrāvasthita'rus()śabdasya sakārasya rutvam. tasya visarjanīyaḥ, tasyāpi "vā śari" 8.3.36 iti sakāraḥ, tasyāpi ścutvaṃ śakāraḥ. "hotṛ()kāraḥ" iti. kathaṃ punaratra ṛkāra ādeśo bhavati, na hi ṛkāralṛkārayoḥ samudāyasya sthāninaḥ so'ntaratama ityāha- "ubhayoḥ" ityādi. ṛkāro mūrdhanyaḥ, lṛkārastu dantyaḥ. tatra tayoryadyeko mūrdhanyo dantyaśca dīrgho varṇo'ntaratamaḥ sambhavet, tadā so'ntaratama ādeśo bhavet. sa ca na sambhavatītyavayavasya yo'ntaratamaḥ, tena bhāvyam. tatrāpi yadi lṛkāro dīrghaḥ syāt. so'pi paryāyeṇa syāt, sa ca nāsti; tasmāt pāriśeṣyāt samudāyasyaikādeśasya yo'ntaratamaḥ sa eva ṛkāro bhavati.

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vakṣyansavarṇasaṃjñāmāha–tulyāsya. āsyaṃ = mukham, tatsāmyasya sarvavarṇeṣvaviśiṣṭatvādavyāvartakatvādāsyaśabdo'tra na mukhamātraparaḥ. kintu āsye mukhe bhavamāsyaṃ = tālvādisthānam. `śarīrāvayavādyat' iti bhavārthe yatpratyayaḥ. `yasyeti ca' iti prakṛtyantyasya akārasya lopaḥ. prakṛṣṭo yatnaḥ prayatnaḥ. āsyaṃ ca prayatnaśca-āsyaprayatnau, tulyau āsyaprayatnau yasya varṇajālasya tattulyāsyaprayatnaṃ parasparaṃ savarṇasaṃjñakaṃ syāditi bhāvaḥ. tadāha– tālvādisthānamityādinā. mitha iti. parasparamityarthaḥ. kasya kiṃ sthānamityākāṅkṣāyāṃ tadvyavasthāpakāni pāṇinyādiśikṣāvacanānyarthataḥ saṃgṛhṇāti–\r\nakuhetyādinā. `a' ityaṣṭādaśa bhedā gṛhrante, `ku' itadi kādipañcakātmakaḥ kavargaḥ. na cāṇuditsūtrasyedānīmapravṛtteḥ kathamatra `a' ityaṣṭādaśabhedānāṃ grahaṇamiti vācyam. laukikaprasiddhimāśrityaiva etatpravṛtteḥ. evamagre'pi kathañcitsamādhānaṃ bodhyam. aśca kuśca haśca visarjanīyaśceti vigrahaḥ. visarjanīyaśabdo'pi visargaparyāyaḥ. \r\nicuyaśeti. i ityaṣṭādaśa bhedāḥ. cu iti cavargaḥ. iśca cuśca yaśca śaśceti vigrahaḥ. tālu = kākudam.\r\nṛṭuraṣeti. ṛ ityaṣṭādaśa bhedāḥ. ṭu iti ṭavargaḥ. ā ca ṭuśca raśca ṣaśceti vigrahaḥ. ṛ śabdasya ā iti prathamaikavacanāntaṃ dhātā iti vat. iti tavargaḥ. ā ca tuśca laśca saśceti vigrahaḥ. lṛśabdasyāpi ā ityeva prathamaikavacanāntam. ā alau alaḥ. dantaśabdena dantamūlapradeśo vivakṣitaḥ. anyathā bhagnadantasya taduccāraṇā'nupapatteḥ. \r\nupūpeti. u ityaṣṭādaśa bhedāḥ. pu iti pavargaḥ uśca puśca upadhmānīyaśceti vigrahaḥ. upadhmānīyaśabdamanupadameva svayaṃ vyākhyāsyati. svasvavargīyasthānasamuccayaḥ.\r\nedaitoriti. ecca aicca edaitau. taparakaraṇamasaṃdehārtham. natu `taparastatkālasya' iti tatkālamātragrahaṇārtham. tena plutayorapi saṃgrahaḥ. kaṇṭhaśca tālu ceti prāṇyaṅgatvātsamāhāradvandvaḥ, ekavattvaṃ napuṃsakatvaṃ ca. \r\nodautoriti. occa aucca odautau. taparakaraṇaṃ pūrvavadasaṃdehārthameva. kaṇṭhaśca oṣṭau ceti prāṇyaṅgatvātsamāhāradvandvaḥ, ekavadbhāvo napuṃsakatvaṃ ca. dantāśca oṣṭhau ceti samāhāradvandvaḥ. ekavattvaṃ napuṃsakatvaṃ ca

Bālamanoramā²: tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ savarṇam 12, 1.1.9 atha "aṇuditsavarṇasya cāpratyayaḥ&quo See More

tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ savarṇam 12, 1.1.9 atha "aṇuditsavarṇasya cāpratyayaḥ" iti a i u ityādisaṃjñāṃ vakṣyansavarṇasaṃjñāmāha--tulyāsya. āsyaṃ = mukham, tatsāmyasya sarvavarṇeṣvaviśiṣṭatvādavyāvartakatvādāsyaśabdo'tra na mukhamātraparaḥ. kintu āsye mukhe bhavamāsyaṃ = tālvādisthānam. "śarīrāvayavādyat" iti bhavārthe yatpratyayaḥ. "yasyeti ca" iti prakṛtyantyasya akārasya lopaḥ. prakṛṣṭo yatnaḥ prayatnaḥ. āsyaṃ ca prayatnaśca-āsyaprayatnau, tulyau āsyaprayatnau yasya varṇajālasya tattulyāsyaprayatnaṃ parasparaṃ savarṇasaṃjñakaṃ syāditi bhāvaḥ. tadāha--tālvādisthānamityādinā. mitha iti. parasparamityarthaḥ. kasya kiṃ sthānamityākāṅkṣāyāṃ tadvyavasthāpakāni pāṇinyādiśikṣāvacanānyarthataḥ saṃgṛhṇāti--akuhetyādinā. "a" ityaṣṭādaśa bhedā gṛhrante, "ku" itadi kādipañcakātmakaḥ kavargaḥ. na cāṇuditsūtrasyedānīmapravṛtteḥ kathamatra "a" ityaṣṭādaśabhedānāṃ grahaṇamiti vācyam. laukikaprasiddhimāśrityaiva etatpravṛtteḥ. evamagre'pi kathañcitsamādhānaṃ bodhyam. aśca kuśca haśca visarjanīyaśceti vigrahaḥ. visarjanīyaśabdo'pi visargaparyāyaḥ. icuyaśeti. i ityaṣṭādaśa bhedāḥ. cu iti cavargaḥ. iśca cuśca yaśca śaśceti vigrahaḥ. tālu = kākudam.ṛṭuraṣeti. ṛ ityaṣṭādaśa bhedāḥ. ṭu iti ṭavargaḥ. ā ca ṭuśca raśca ṣaśceti vigrahaḥ. ṛ śabdasya ā iti prathamaikavacanāntaṃ dhātā iti vat. lṛtulaśeti. lṛ ityasya dvādaśa bhedāḥ. tu iti tavargaḥ. ā ca tuśca laśca saśceti vigrahaḥ. lṛśabdasyāpi ā ityeva prathamaikavacanāntam. ā alau alaḥ. dantaśabdena dantamūlapradeśo vivakṣitaḥ. anyathā bhagnadantasya taduccāraṇā'nupapatteḥ. upūpeti. u ityaṣṭādaśa bhedāḥ. pu iti pavargaḥ uśca puśca upadhmānīyaśceti vigrahaḥ. upadhmānīyaśabdamanupadameva svayaṃ vyākhyāsyati. ñamaṅaṇaneti. ñaśca maśca ṅaśca ṇaśca naśceti vigrahaḥ. cakāreṇa svasvavargīyasthānasamuccayaḥ.edaitoriti. ecca aicca edaitau. taparakaraṇamasaṃdehārtham. natu "taparastatkālasya" iti tatkālamātragrahaṇārtham. tena plutayorapi saṃgrahaḥ. kaṇṭhaśca tālu ceti prāṇyaṅgatvātsamāhāradvandvaḥ, ekavattvaṃ napuṃsakatvaṃ ca. odautoriti. occa aucca odautau. taparakaraṇaṃ pūrvavadasaṃdehārthameva. kaṇṭhaśca oṣṭau ceti prāṇyaṅgatvātsamāhāradvandvaḥ, ekavadbhāvo napuṃsakatvaṃ ca. vakārasyeti. dantāśca oṣṭhau ceti samāhāradvandvaḥ. ekavattvaṃ napuṃsakatvaṃ ca jihvāmūlīyasyeti. jihvāmūlīyaśabdamagre vyākhyāsyati. evamanusvāraśabdamapi. iti sthānānīti. iti = evaṃprakāreṇa varṇābhivyaktisthānāni prapañcitānītyarthaḥ.nanu kimiha tulyāsyasūtre ya()tkacitsthānasāmyaṃ vivakṣitam , uta yāvatsthānasāmyam?. na tāvadādyaḥ, tathā sati ikārasya ekārasya ca tālusthānakatayā sāvaṇryāpattau "bhavatyeve"tyatra ikārādekāre pare savarṇadīrghāpatteḥ. na ca ekārasya varṇasamāmnāye pāṭhasāmathryādikāreṇa na sāvaṇryamiti vācyam, ekārapāṭhasya ak ik uk iti pratyāhāreṣu ekāragrahaṇanivṛttyarthatvasambhavāt. kiṃ ca vakāralakārayordantasthānasāmyena sāvaṇryāpattau "torla" ityatra lakāreṇa vakārasyāpi grahaṇāttadvānityatra dakārasya parasavarṇāpattiḥ. "yavalapare yavalā vā" ityatra lakāragrahaṇaṃ tu yathāsaṃkhyārthaṃ bhaviṣyati. na dvitīyaḥ, tathā sati kaṅayoḥ kaṇṭhasthānasāmye'pi ṅakārasya nāsikāsthānādhikyena sāvaṇryābhāvāpattau "coḥ kuḥ", kvinpratyayasya" ityatra ṅakārasya grahaṇānāpattyā prāṅityādau numo nakārasya "kvinpratyayasya" iti kutvena ṅakārā'nāpatteḥ. tasmātsthānasāmyaṃ durnirūpamiti cet, atra brāūmaḥ--yāvatsthānasāmyameva sāvaṇryaprayojakam. evaṃ ca ikārasya ekārasya ca tālusthānasāmye'pi ekārasya kaṇṭhasthānādhikyānna sāvaṇryam. valayośca na sāvaṇryam. vakārasya oṣṭhasthānādhikyāt. evaṃ ca " tadvānāsām" "yajuṣyekeṣām" ityādinirdeśā upapannāḥ. ṅakārasya nāsikā sthānādhikye'pi kakāreṇa sāvaṇryamastyeva, āsyamavasthānasāmyasyaiva sāvaṇryaprayojakatvāt, nāsikāyāśca āsyānantargatatvāt. uktaṃ ca bhāṣye-kiṃ punarāsyaṃ(), lokikamoṣṭhātprabhṛti prākkākalakāt" iti. "kākalako nāma cubukasyādhastāt grīvāyāmunnatapradeśaḥ" iti kaiyaṭaḥ. tasmādāsyabhavayāvatsthānasāmyaṃ sāvaṇryaprayojakamiti śabdenduśekhare vistaraḥ.nanu tulyāsyasūtre prayatnaśabdena praśabdabalādābhyantarayatno vivakṣita iti sthitam. tatrābhyantaratvaviśeṣaṇaṃ kimartham, vyāvarttyā'bhāvādityata āha-yatno dvidheti. yatnānāmābhyantaratvaṃ bāhratvaṃ ca varṇotpatteḥ prāgūdhrvabhāvitvamiti pāṇinyādiśikṣāsu spaṣṭam. ādya iti. ābhyantayatna ityarthaḥ. kathaṃ cāturvidhyamityata āha-spṛṣṭeti.kasya kaḥ prayatna ityākāṅkṣāyāṃ tadvyavasthāpakaśikṣāvacanāni paṭhati--tatreti. teṣu madhya ityarthaḥ. prayatanamiti. prayatna ityarthaḥ. sparśādiśabdānagre vyākhyāsyati. hyasvasyāvarṇasya saṃvṛtamityanvayaḥ. etāvadeva śikṣāvacanam. nanvevaṃ daṇḍa-āḍhakamityatra akārasya ca vivṛtasaṃvṛtaprayatnabhedena sāvaṇryā'bhāvātsavarṇadīrgho na syādityata āha-prayoga iti. śāstrīyaprakriyābhiḥ pariniṣṭhitānāṃ rāmaḥ kṛṣṇa ityādiśabdānāṃ prayoge kriyamāṇa eva hyasvasyā'varṇasya saṃvṛtatvamityarthaḥ. prakriyeti. śāstrīyakāryapravṛttisamaye tu hyasvasyāpyavarṇasya vivṛtatvamevetyarthaḥ. śikṣāvacanasiddhaṃ svābhāvikaṃ hyasvāvarṇasya saṃvṛtatvaṃ pracyāvya śāstramūlabhūte varṇasamāmnāye tasya vivṛtatvenaivopadiṣṭatayā kṛtsnaśāstrīyaprakriyāsamaye hyasvasyāpyavarṇasya vivṛtatvena daṇḍāṭhatamicyādau savarṇadīrghādikāryaṃ nirbādhakamiti aiuṇiti sūtrabhāṣye spaṣṭam. evaṃca "hyasvasyā'varṇasya saṃvṛta"miti śikṣāvacanaṃ pariśeṣātpariniṣṭhatadaśāyāmeva paryavasyatīti na tadānarthakyamiti bhāvaḥ. ayaṃ ca śikṣāvacanasaṅkocaḥ sūtrakārasyāpi saṃmata ityāha-etacceti॥ tadevopapādayituṃ pratijānīte-tathā hīti. yathā etajjñāpitaṃ bhavati tathā spaṣṭamupapādyata ityarthaḥ.

Tattvabodhinī¹: tulyāsya. āsye bhavamāsyaṃ `śarīrāvayavādyat' ityabhipretyāha-tālvādīti॥ ā Sū #12 See More