Sanskrit Dictionary

Select your preferred input and type any Sanskrit or English word. Enclose the word in “” for an EXACT match e.g. “yoga”.

Grammar Search

"yaya" has 1 results

yaya: second person plural tense paradigm perfect class parasmaipada √yā

Amarakosha Search

11 results

Word	Reference	Gender	Number	Synonyms

atikramaḥ	2.4.33	Masculine	Singular	paryayaḥ, atipātaḥ, upātyayaḥ

brahmavarcasam	2.7.42	Neuter	Singular	vṛttādhyayanardhiḥ

mṛtyuḥ	2.8.118	Ubhaya-linga	Singular	antaḥ, ‍‍diṣṭāntaḥ, maraṇam, atyayaḥ, kāladharmaḥ, nāśaḥ, pralayaḥ, pañcatā, nidhanam

upātyayaḥ	2.7.41	Masculine	Singular	atipātaḥ, paryayaḥ

vidhā	3.3.108	Feminine	Singular	sampratyayaḥ, spṛhā

viparyāsaḥ	2.4.33	Masculine	Singular	vyatyayaḥ, viparyayaḥ, vyatyāsaḥ

upātyayaḥ	2.7.41	Masculine	Singular	atipātaḥ, paryayaḥ

vyayaḥ	2.4.17	Masculine	Singular

pratyayaḥ	3.3.155	Masculine	Singular	atikramaḥ, kṛcchraḥ, doṣaḥ, daṇḍaḥ

atyayaḥ	3.3.158	Masculine	Singular	viśrambhaḥ, yācñā, premā

avyayam	3.5.34	Masculine	Singular

Monier-Williams Search

520 results for yaya

abhayagirivāsin

m. plural "dwelling on the mountain of safety", Name of a division of kātyāyana-'s pupils

abhidhyai

-dhyāyati-, to direct one's intention to, set one's heart upon, intend, desire

etc. ; to meditate

abhijñāyam

See yathābhijñāyam-.

abhisamprayā

(ind.p. -yāya-) to go towards

(varia lectio abhi-vārayitvā-)

abhivye

(Imper. 2. sg. A1. -vyayasva-) to wrap one's self into (accusative)

abhyanujñā

to assent to, approve, allow, permit, concede

etc. ; to authorize, direct

; to allow one to depart, dismiss

etc. ; (ind.p. -jñaya-; infinitive mood -jñātum-) to take leave, ask for leave to depart

: Causal (ind.p. -jñāpya-; future parasmE-pada -jñāpayiṣyat-) to ask for leave to depart

ādhyai

(see ā-dhī-) P. (parasmE-pada -dhyāyat-[

]; imperative 2. sg. -dhyāhi-[

]) to meditate on ; to wish or pray for anything for another.

adhyāya

m. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' a reader (See vedādhyāya-)

ahirbudhnya

m. (considered as one word and therefore declinable as follows dative case ahir-budhnyāya-

; instrumental case plural ahir-budhnyaiḥ-

;often incorrectly written ahir-budhna-or -bradhna-) Name of a rudra-

āhve

P. -hvayati- (but also Potential 1. sg. ā-huvema-

) A1. -hvayate- (but also 1. sg. /ā-huve-

; Aorist 3. plural /āhūṣata-

; infinitive mood -huv/adhyai-

-hvayitav/ai-

) to call near, invoke invite, summon, cite

etc. ; to provoke, challenge, emulate (in this sense only A1.

)

etc. ; to call to (especially in rites said of the hotṛ-, who addresses the adhvaryu- by the ā-hāva- or ā-hvāna-;See below)

and

; to proclaim

: Causal -hvāyayati-, to cause to call near, send for ; to cause to summon or challenge or invite

: Desiderative -juhūṣati-, to wish to call near, to be about to call near: Intensive /ā-johavīti-

, to call near zealously.

aikānyika

mfn. (ekam anyad viparītaṃ vṛttam adhyayane 'sya-) one who commits a single error in reciting

aiśvarakāraṇika

m. a theist of the nyāya- school,

aitareyabrāhmaṇa

n. Name of the brāhmaṇa- composed by aitareya- (attached to the ṛg-- veda- and prescribing the duties of the hotṛ- priest;it is divided into forty adhyāya-s or eight pañcikā-s).

ājñā

f. permission (negative anājñayā anājñayā- instrumental case ind.without permission of(genitive case)

)

ākhyā

P. (imperfect tense -akhyat-) to behold

; (future parasmE-pada -khyāsy/at-; perf. 3. plural -cakhyuḥ-) to tell, communicate, inform, declare, announce

etc. ; to call (with two accusative)

: Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be named or enumerated

; to be called

: Causal P. (2. sg. -khyāpayasi-) to make known, declare

: A1. (Potential -khyāpayeta-) to cause to tell

ākṣapāda

m. (fr. akṣ- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 4. akṣa-) a follower of akṣapāda-'s (id est gautama-'s) nyāya- doctrine

amāvāsī

f. equals -vāsy/ā- q.v

(only locative case syām-,which might be a metrical abbreviation for syāyām-).

anaghāṣṭamī

f. Name of an eighth day (spoken of in the fifty-fifth adhyāya- of the bhaviṣyottara-purāṇa-).

anantatṛtīyāvrata

Name of the twenty-fourth adhyāya- of the bhaviṣyottara-purāṇa-.

anantavrata

n. Name of the 102nd adhyāya- of the bhaviṣyottara-purāṇa-.

ānāyāya

Nom. A1. (-nāyāyate-) to become a net, form or represent a net.

ānī

P. -nayati- (1. plural /ā-nayāmasi-

; imperative 2. sg. /ā-naya-,3. sg. /ā-nayatu-; perfect tense /ā-nināya-

,and ā-nin/āya-

; infinitive mood -netav/ai-

) A1. (1. sg. -naye-

) to lead towards or near ; to bring, carry to a place (accusative or locative case) ; to fetch

etc. ; (perf. periphr. -nayāmāsa-

) to cause to bring or fetch ; to bring back or take back

; to pour in, mix in

etc. ; to bring any one to, reduce to any state

; to deduce, calculate ; to use, employ, prove: Causal P. -nāyayati-, to cause to be brought or fetched or led near

etc.: Desiderative -ninīṣati-, to intend or wish to bring near

anityasamaprakaraṇa

n. a section in the nyāya- discussing that sophism.

anu

m. Name of a king (one of yayāti-'s sons)

anutpattisama

mf(ā-) (in nyāya- philosophy) arguing against a thing by trying to show that nothing exists from which it could spring.

āpā

P. -pibati-, (imperative 2. dual number /āpibatam-

; perfect tense -papau-: Passive voice -pīyate-,etc.) to drink in, suck in or up ; to sip

; to drink in with ears or eyes id est to hear or See with attention, hang on

; to absorb, take away: Causal -pāyayati-, to cause to drink or suck in

āpadevī

f. Name of a book written by the above (the mīmāṃsānyāya-prakāśa-).

apakarṣasama

mf(ā-) a sophism in the nyāya- (exempli gratia, 'for example'"sound has not the quality of shape as a jar has, therefore sound and a jar have no qualities in common") .

apavye

P. A1. -vyayati- (1. sg. -vyaye-) to uncover

: A1. (pr. p. -vyayamāna-) to extricate one's self, deny

apīta

mfn. gone into, entered

(used for the etymology of svapiti-)

(see svāpyayā-.)

appadīkṣita

or apyadīkṣita- m. Name of an author equals apyaya-dīkṣita- q.v

aprasaṅga

m. (in nyāya- philosophy) want of connection with

apūrvavāda

m. Name (also title or epithet) of a nyāya- work

āpyai

A1. -pyāyate- (imperative /ā-pyāyasva-

; Aorist subjunctive 1. plural ā-pyāyiṣīmahi-

) to swell, increase ; to grow larger or fat or comfortable ; to thrive ; to become full or strong ; to abound

etc. ; to make full ; to enlarge, strengthen

: Causal /ā-pyāyayati- (

; Aorist subjunctive /ā-pīpayan-

) to cause to swell ; to make full, fill up ; to enlarge ; to cause to grow, increase ; to make fat or strong or comfortable ; to confirm

etc. ; to help forward ; to cause to increase or get the upper hand (exempli gratia, 'for example' a disease)

apyayadīkṣita

m. Name of a drāviḍa- saint and writer (of the sixteenth century, author of various works, celebrated as a śaiva-, and thought to be an incarnation of śiva-;also apyāya-or apyai-,etc.)

āraṇeyaparvan

n. Name of the last section (adhyāya-s 311-314) of the third book of the mahā-bhārata-.

āraṇyaparvan

n. the first section (adhyāya-s 1-10) of the third book of the mahābhārata- (equals araṇya-).

ārdhadhātuka

mf(ā-)n. (fr. ardha-dhātu-),"applicable to the shorter form of the verbal base", a technical N. given to the terminations of the perfect tense and bened. and to any Pratyaya (q.v) except the personal terminations of the conjugational tenses in P. and A1., and except the pratyaya-s which have the anubandha- ś-

arthapunarukta

n. (in nyāya-) repetition of the same meaning in other words

āśyai

A1. -śyāyate-, to become dry, dry up, shrink in drying

ātañcana

n. equals ā-pyāyana- q.v

atipā

Causal P. -pāyayati-, to give to drink in great quantity

aupādhyāyaka

mfn. (fr. upādhyāya-), coming from a teacher

aupasada

mfn. (an adhyāya- or anuvāka-) in which the word upasad- occurs gaRa vimuktādi-

aurvaśa

mfn. containing the word urvaśī- (as an adhyāya- or anuvāka-) gaRa vimuktādi-

avajñā

-jānāti- (ind.p. -jñaya-; perf. Passive voice -jajñle-

) to disesteem, have a low opinion of, despise, treat with contempt

etc. ; to excel

avaso

-syati- (Imper. 2. dual number -syatam-; Aorist subjunctive -sāt-) to loosen, deliver from

; (Imper. 2. sg. -sya-; Aorist /avāsāt-

etc. Aorist 3. plural /avāsur-

; ind.p. -s/āya-

; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -sai-

) Vedic or Veda to unharness (horses), put up at any one's house, settle, rest

etc. ; to take, one's abode or standing-place in or upon (locative case)

; to finish, terminate (one's work)

etc. ; to be finished, be at an end, be exhausted

; to choose or appoint (as a place for dwelling or for a sacrifice)

; (Potential 2. sg. -seyās-; see

) to decide

, to obtain

: Causal -sāyayati- (ind.p. -s/āyya-) to cause to take up one's abode in or upon (locative case)

; (ind.p. -sāyya-) to complete

; (infinitive mood [in Passive voice sense] -sāyyayitum-) to ascertain, clearly distinguish

Passive voice -sīyate- (see

) to be obtained

; to be insisted upon

(edition Bombay edition in active sense "to insist upon") ; to be ascertained

aviravikanyāya

m. equals avy-avika-nyāya-, q.v

avyaya

mfn. or rarely /avyaya- ([only

]) (/avi-) made of sheep's skin (as the woollen soma- strainer)

ayadīkṣita

m. Name of an author (nephew of apyaya-dīkṣita- q.v) ayana-. See ay-, column 2.

bālakrīḍanaka

n. (plural) Name of chapter of vātsyāyana-'s kāmasūtra-

bhadrakanyā

f. Name of the mother, of maudgalyāyana-

bhāṣāpariccheda

m. "definition of (the categories of) speech", Name of a compendium of the nyāya- system by viśva-nātha-

bhāṣikasūtra

n. Name of a sūtra- (on the manner of marking the accent in the

) attributed to kātyāyana-.

bhāskaranṛsiṃha

m. Name of a Scholiast or Commentator on vātsyāyana-'s kāma-sūtra- (he wrote in 1788)

bhavanātha

m. Name of an author (also with ṭhakkura-, mahā-mahopādhyāya-and miśra-)

bhī

cl.3 P. (

) bibh/eti- (dual number bibhītas-or bibhitas- Potential bibhīyāt-or bibhiyāt-

; Potential 3. plural bibhyeyuḥ-

; imperfect tense 3. plural abibhayuḥ-

; Epic also A1.1. sg. bibhye-and and P.3. sg. bibhyati- plural bibhyanti-;Ved. also cl.1 A1. bh/ayate-,and accord, to

,cl.10. P. bhāyayati-; perfect tense bibhāya-,3. plural bibhyuḥ-

etc.; bībhāya-

; bibhay/āṃ cakara-

confer, compare

; Aorist abhaiṣīt-, ṣma-, ṣuḥ-

etc., 2. sg. bhaiṣīs-

, bhais-

etc., especially in mābhais-,"do not be afraid";once for plural equals mā bhaiṣṭa-

; bhes-

; bhema-

, parasmE-pada A1. bhiyān/a-

,; future bhetā- grammar;cond, abheṣyat-

; infinitive mood bhiy/ase-

; bhetum-

etc.) , to fear, be afraid of (ablative or genitive case,rarely instr, or accusative)

etc. ; to fear for, be anxious about (ablative)

: Passive voice bhīyate-, Aorist , abhāyi- grammar : Causal bhīṣ/ayate- (

etc.; confer, compare

), bhīṣayati- (

;once mc. bhiṣ-

; parasmE-pada bhīṣayāṇa-

; Aorist bībhiṣaḥ-

, ṣathāḥ-

), bhāyayati-, te- (

; Potential bhāyayes-

; varia lectio bhīṣayes-; Aorist bībhayat-, /abībhayanta-

; ind.p. -bhāyya-

), bhāpayate- (

), to terrify, put in a fright, intimidate

etc. etc.: Desiderative bibhīṣati- grammar : Intensive bebhīyate-, bebhayīti-, bebheti-

[ confer, compare bhyas-; Lithuanian bijo4tis; Slavonic or Slavonian bojati; German biben,beben.]

bhrāja

m. (plural) Name of work ascribed to kātyāyana- (also -ślokāḥ-)

bhrī

cl.9 P. (

) bhrī ṇāti- or bhriṇāti- (only proper 3. plural bhrīṇ/anti-

; grammar also perfect tense bibhrāya-; future bhretā-, bhreṣyati- Aorist abhraiṣīt-), to injure, hurt (

- hiṃs-

"to be angry"see bhṛṇīya-; grammar"to fear"or"to bear") : Causal bhrāyayati- grammar : Desiderative bibhrīṣati-

: Intensive bebhrīyate-, bebhrayīti-, bebhreti-

bhujyu

mfn. of a man with the patronymic lāhyāyani-

bindu

m. (with hiraṇyaya-) a pearl

(see -phala-)

brāhmaka

n. equals -brahmaṇā kṛtam- (saṃjñāyām-) gaRa kulālādi-

brahmavāda

m. Name of a nyāya- work (also brahmavādārtha dārtha-,m.)

bṛhadāraṇyaka

(also bṛhadāraṇya āraṇya- n. bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad k/opaniṣad- f.) n. Name of a celebrated upaniṣad- forming the last 5 prapāṭhaka-s or last 6 adhyāya-s of the śatapatha- brāhmaṇa-

caitra

m. equals caitriyāyaṇ/a-

candravaṃśa

m. the lunar race of kings (2nd great line of royal dynasties, the progenitor of which was soma- the Moon, child of the ṛṣi- atri- and father of budha- [Mercury see candra-ja-];the latter married iḷā-, daughter of the solar king ikṣvāku-, and had by her a son, aila- or purūravas-;this last had a son by urvaśī-, named āyus-, from whom came nahuṣa-, father of yayāti-;the latter had two sons, puru- and yadu-, from whom proceeded the two branches of the lunar line;in that of yadu- was born kṛṣṇa- and bala-rāma-;in that of puru- came duṣyanta-, hero of the śakuntalā- and father of the great bharata-; 9th from bharata- came kuru-, and 14th from him śāntanu-, who had a son vicitra-vīrya- and a step-son vyāsa-;the latter married the two widows of his half-brother, and had by them dhṛtarāṣṭra- and pāṇḍu-, the wars of whose sons form the subject of the

) (see sūrya-v-.)

car

cl.1. c/arati-, rarely te- (subjunctive c/arat-,3 plural c/arān-

; perf. cac/āra-[

etc.] , 2 sg. cacartha-

; plural cerur-,etc.; ratur-

etc.; A1. cere-

; future cariṣyati-, te-; Aorist acārīt-[

]; infinitive mood c/aritum-[

]or cartum-[

] , Vedic or Veda car/adhyai-[

], c/aritave-[

], car/ase-[

], car/āyai-[

], caritos-[

]; ind.p. caritv/ā-

; cartvā-

; cīrtvā-,

; parasmE-pada c/arat-) to move one's self, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.)

etc. ; to spread, be diffused (as fire)

; to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow

etc. ; to behave, conduct one's self, act, live, treat (with instrumental case or locative case)

etc. ; to be engaged in, occupied or busy with (instr exempli gratia, 'for example' yajñ/ena c-,"to be engaged in a sacrifice"

)

etc. ; (with[

]or without[

] mithun/am-) to have intercourse with, have to do with (instrumental case) ; (with a parasmE-pada or adjective (cf. mfn.) or ind.p. or adverb) to continue performing or being (exempli gratia, 'for example' arcantaś cerur-,"they continued worshipping"

; svāminam avajñāya caret-,"he may go on despising his master"

)

etc. ; (in astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction

; to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make (exempli gratia, 'for example' vrat/āni-"to observe vows"

etc.; vighnaṃ c-,"to put a hindrance"

; bhaikṣaṃ c-"to beg"

; vivādaṃ c-,"to be engaged in a lawsuit"

; mṛgayāṃ c-,"to hunt"

; sambandhāṃś c-,"to enter into connections"

; mārgaṃ cacāra bāṇaiḥ-,"he made a way with arrows"

; tapasā indriyāṇi c-,to exercise one's organs with penance

)

etc. ; to consume, eat (with accusative), graze

; to make or render (with double accusative) exempli gratia, 'for example' nar/endraṃ satya-sthaṃ carāma-,"let us make the king keep his word"

: Causal cārayati-, to cause to move or walk about

(Aorist /acīcarat-)

; to pasture

; to send, direct, turn, move

etc. ; to cause any one (accusative) to walk through (accusative)

; to drive away from (ablative)

; to cause any one (accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative)

; to cause (any animal accusative) to eat

; to cause to copulate

; to ascertain (as through a spy instrumental case)

; to doubt (see vi--)

: Desiderative cicariṣati-, to try to go

(parasmE-pada cicarṣat-) ; to wish to act or conduct one's self

; to try to have intercourse with (instrumental case),

: Intensive carcarīti- A1. or rarely ([

]) Passive voice cañcūryate- (curīti-and cūrti-

; ind.p. cūrya-

; parasmE-pada once P. cūryat-

) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative case)

etc. ; to act wantonly or coquettishly

(see

) ; ([ see, etc.])

carcāpāra

m. equals carcaka- gaRa vedādhyāyādi-.

catuḥṣaṣṭi

f. Name of

(consisting of 64 adhyāya-s)

caturadhyāyī

f. "consisting of 4 adhyāya-s", Name of śaunaka-'s

cāturtha

mfn. (fr. cat-) treated of in the 4th (adhyāya-)

catuṣpāda

m. (scilicet adhyāya-) the chapter treating of the 4 parts of medical science

cātvāriṃśa

n. "consisting of 40 (catvāriṃś/at-) adhyāya-s", the

chāya

n. Name of kātyāyanī- (or durgā-

)

cho

cl.4. chyati- (

; perf. 3. plural cacchur- see

Va1rtt. 2

; Aorist acchāt-and acchāsīt-,

) to cut off, cut

: Causal chāyayati-

; see anu--, ava--, ā--.

cl.5. cin/oti-, nute- (1. plural cinumas-and nmas-

; perf. cikāya-and cicāya-,

;2. cicetha-,

;3. plural ciky/ur-

; parasmE-pada cikivas-

; A1. cikye-and cicye-

; parasmE-pada cikyān/a-

v; 2nd future parasmE-pada ceṣyat-

; 1st future cetā-

; Aorist acaiṣīt-

;Ved. cikayām akar-,

;1. sg. acaiṣam-,2. sg. acais-

;3. plural acaiṣur-

; A1. aceṣṭa-

; preceding ceṣīṣṭa-

, or cīyāt-,

; ind.p. citv/ā-

etc.; Passive voice cīyate-

etc.; future cāyiṣyate-& ceṣy- Conditional acāyiṣyata-& aceṣy-

) to arrange in order, heap up, pile up, construct (a sacrificial altar; P.,if the priests construct the altar for another; A1.,if the sacrificer builds it for himself)

; to collect, gather together, accumulate, acquire for one's self

; to search through (for collecting; see 2. ci-)

(

) ; to cover, inlay, set with

; Passive voice cīyate-, to become covered with

; to increase, thrive

(

) : Causal cayayati- and capay-, to heap up, gather

; cāyayati- and cāpay-

: Desiderative cikīṣate- (also ti-,

) to wish to pile up

; cicīṣati- (

[ed. vivīṣ-]

) to wish to accumulate or collect

: Desiderative Causal (parasmE-pada cicīṣayat-) to cause any one to wish to arrange in order

: Intensive cecīyate-

citra

m. of a king (with the patronymic gāṅgyāyani-)

daivāsura

mf(ī-)n. containing the word devāsura- (as an adhyāya- or anuvāka-) gaRa vimuktādi-.

daṇḍāpūpikā

f. equals pūpa-nyāya-

dānika

mfn. relating to a gift, etc. (only in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see adhyayana--, udaka--, vara--).

darśana

n. view, doctrine, philosophical system (6 in number, viz. [ pūrva--] mīmāṃsā- by

uttara-mīmāṃsā->by

; nyāya- by gotama-

by kaṇāda- sāṃkhya- by

;Yoga by

)

etc.

dattāgārgyāyaṇī

f. dual number dattā- and gārgyāyaṇī-

devasyatvaka

mfn. containing the words devasyatvā- (as an adhyāya- or anuvāka-) gaRa goṣad-ādi-.

devayānī

f. Name of a daughter of uśanas- or śukrācārya- (wife of yayāti- and mother of yadu- and turvasu-)

devīṃdhiyaka

mfn. containing the words devīṃ dhiyā- (as an adhyāya- or anuvāka-) gaRa goṣad-ādi-.

dhana

n. (arithmetic) the affirmative quantity or plus (opp. to ṛṇa-, kṣaya-, vyaya-, hāni-)

dharmya

mfn. Name of a man (cf. -dhārmyāyaṇa-)

dhūmāya

Nom. P. A1. yati-, te-, to smoke, steam

etc.: Causal yayati-, to cause to smoke or steam

dhyai

cl.1 P. dhy/āyati- (Epic also te-,or cl.2. dhyāti-; imperative dhyāhi-; Potential dhyāyāt-

; yīta-

; perf. dadhyau-

etc.; Aorist /adhyāsīt-

;3. plural dhyāsur-

; future dhyāsyati-

; dhyātā-

; ind.p. dhyātvā-

; -dhyāya-

; dhyāyam-

) to think of, imagine, contemplate, meditate on, call to mind, recollect (with or scilicet manasā-or si-, cetasā-, dhiyā-, hṛdaye-etc.)

etc. ; to brood mischief against (accusative)

; (alone) to be thoughtful or meditative

etc. ; to let the head hang down (said of an animal)

: Passive voice dhyāyate-, to be thought of, etc.

; Causal dhyāpayati- grammar : Desiderative didhyāsate-

: Intensive dādhyāyate-, dādhyāti-, dādhyeti- grammar

drahya

m. (fr. dṛh-) Name of a man (see drāhyāyaṇa-).

drāhyāyaṇagṛhya

n. drāhyāyaṇa-'s work

drāhyāyaṇaka

n. the sūtra- of drāhyāyaṇa-.

drāhyāyaṇasūtra

n. plural drāhyāyaṇa-'s work

drāhyāyaṇi

m. patronymic fr. drāhyāyaṇa-.

drāhyāyaṇīya

mfn. relating to drāhyāyaṇa-, composed by him

drāvila

m. equals vātsyāyana-

dravya

n. (philosophy) elementary substance (9 in the nyāya-, viz. pṛthivī-, ap-, tejas-, vāyu-, ākāśa kāla-, diś-, ātman-, manas-; 6 with jaina-s, viz. jīva-, dharma-, adharma-, pudgala-, kāla-, ākāśa-)

druhyu

m. sg. Name of a son of yayāti- and brother of yadu- etc.

(wrong reading d/uhyu-)

(varia lectio druhya-)

dvādaśādhyāyī

f. Name of jaimini-'s mīmāṃsā- (consisting of 12 adhyāya-s).

dvyāmuṣyāyaṇa

m. descended from 2 persons, being the āmuṣyāyaṇa- (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) to 2 people

dvyāmuṣyāyaṇaka

m. descended from 2 persons, being the āmuṣyāyaṇa- (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) to 2 people

dyai

cl.1 P. dyāyati- (

) , to despise, ill-treat.

( ā-i-) P. -eti-, to come near or towards, go near, approach

etc. ; (with and without punar-) to come back, come again to

etc. ; to reach, attain, enter, come into (a state or position)

etc. ; to submit, fall to one's share

(āyayanti-?)

: Intensive A1. (3. dual number -iyāte-;1. plural -īmahe-) to hasten near

; to request

ind. (according to to some = 2. ā-+ /id-) behold! (followed by a particular with an accusative and preceded by a verb of motion, e. gaRa /eyāya- vāy/ur- / ed- dhat-/ am- vṛtrā- m-,"Vayur went [to see, and] behold vṛtra- was slain"; sometimes the verb of motion must be supplied, sometimes the substantive, and sometimes the participle),

gamya

mfn. to be fixed (as to the number, saṃkhyayā-), countable

gāṅgyāyani

m. patronymic fr. gāṅgya-

(varia lectio gārgyāyaṇi-

) .

gardabhāṇḍīya

mfn. containing the word gardabhāṇḍa- (as an adhyāya- or anuvāka-)

and

gārgī

f. dual number gārgī- and gārgyāyaṇa-

gārgīya

m. the pupils of gārgyāyaṇa-, 91

gārgyāyaṇaka

mfn. (see gārgaka-) belonging to the gārgyāyaṇa-s

Va1rtt. 5

gārgyāyaṇaka

mfn. worshipping gārgyāyaṇa-

gārgyāyaṇaka

n. an assemblage of gārgyāyaṇa-s

gārgyāyaṇi

patronymic fr. ṇa-. See gāṅgyāyani-.

f. Name of a daughter of kakut-stha- and wife of yayāti-

gomaya

(for the sake of euphony shortened for yaya-), Nom. P. yati-, to smear with (cow-dung)

gopāya

Nom. P. (fr. go-p/ā-; see gup-) y/ati- (see

; Aorist agopāyīt-

), to represent a cowherd, act like a herdsman

; to guard, protect, preserve

etc. ; to hide, conceal

(Passive voice gopāyyate-)

: Causal gopāyayati-, to preserve, protect

(see abhi--, pari--.)

gopradānika

mfn. relating to the gift of cows (as an adhyāya-, like

)

goṣadaka

mfn. containing the word go-ṣ/ad- (an adhyāya- or anuvāka-) gaRa goṣad-ādi-.

gotama

m. of the founder of the nyāya- philosophy

gotama

m. "the largest ox"and"Name of the founder of nyāya- philosophy "

guḍajihvikā

f. shortened for -nyāya-

guṇa

m. a property or characteristic of all created things (in nyāya- philosophy twenty-four guṇa-s are enumerated, viz. 1. rūpa-,shape, colour;2. rasa-,savour;3. gandha-,odour;4. sparśa-,tangibility;5. saṃkhyā-,number;6. parimāṇa-,dimension;7. pṛthaktva-,severalty;8. saṃyoga-,conjunction;9. vibhāga-,disjunction;10. paratva-,remoteness;11. aparatva-,proximity;12. gurutva-,weight;13. dravatva-,fluidity;14. sneha-,viscidity;15. śabda-,sound;16. buddhi-or jñāna-,understanding or knowledge;17. sukha-,pleasure;18. duḥkha-,pain;19. icchā-,desire; 20. dveṣa-,aversion; 21. prayatna-,effort; 22. dharma-,merit or virtue; 23. adharma-,demerit; 24. saṃskāra-,the self-reproductive quality)

guṇaratna

n. "pearl of qualities", Name of work on nyāya- philosophy

harisaktha

n. saṃjñāyām-

hastimṛḍitā

f. saṃjñāyām-

hautraka

n. Name of the 16th pariśiṣṭa- of kātyāyana-.

hetu

m. a logical reason or deduction or argument, the reason for an inference (especially applied to the second member or avayava- of the five-membered syllogismSee nyāya-)

hetu

m. (with Buddhists) primary cause (as opp. to pratyaya- q.v)

hominī

f. saṃjñāyām-

hve

cl.1 P. A1. (

) hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve-

; hvāmahe-

; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi-

; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense]

; hvayāna-

; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ-

etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e-

; juhuve-, huhurire-

; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre-

; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta-

]

etc. etc.; ahvi-

; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata-

; ahvāsīt-[?]

; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te-

; hvāsyate-

; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight")

etc. ; to emulate, vie with

: Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc.

: Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case)

: Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna-

) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .]

cl.2 P. /eti- (imperative 2. sg. ih/i-) and 1. P. A1. /ayati-, ayate- ([ confer, compare ay-]), (perfect tense iyāya-[2. sg. iy/atha-

, and iy/etha-

] future eṣyati-; Aorist aiṣīt-; infinitive mood etum-, /etave-

and

, /etav/ai-

/etos-

ity/ai-

) to go, walk ; to flow ; to blow ; to advance, spread, get about ; to go to or towards (with accusative), come

etc. ; to go away, escape, pass, retire

; to arise from, come from

; to return (in this sense only future)

; (with punar-) to come back again, return

etc. ; to succeed

; to arrive at, reach, obtain

etc. ; to fall into, come to ; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (confer, compare ita-) ; to undertake anything (with accusative) ; to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a participle or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti-,"the asura-s and Rakshases are being continually crushed"

; gavāmayaneneyuḥ-,"they, were engaged in the [festival called] gavāmayana-"

) ; to appear, be

: Intensive A1. /īyate- (

; parasmE-pada iyān/a-

; infinitive mood iy/adhyai-

) to go quickly or repeatedly ; to come, wander, run, spread, get about

; to appear, make one's appearance

; to approach any one with requests (with two accusative), ask, request

: Passive voice /īyate-, to be asked or requested

: Causal āyayati-, to cause to go or escape

; ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin e-o,i1-mus,i-ter,etc.; Lithuanian ei-mi4,"I go"; Slavonic or Slavonian i-du7,"I go",i-ti,"to go"; Gothic i-ddja,"I went."])

indriya

n. the number five as symbolical of the five senses. (In addition to the five organs of perception, buddhīndriyāṇi-or jñānendriyāṇi-, id est eye, ear, nose, tongue, and skin, the Hindus enumerate five organs of action, karmendriyāṇi- id est larynx, hand, foot, anus, and parts of generation;between these ten organs and the soul or ātman-stands manas-or mind, considered as an eleventh organ;in the vedānta-, manas-, buddhi-, ahaṃkāra-,and citta-form the four inner or internal organs, antar-indriyāṇi-,so that according to this reckoning the organs are fourteen in number, each being presided over by its own ruler or niyantṛ-;thus, the eye by the Sun, the ear by the Quarters of the world, the nose by the two aśvin-s, the tongue by pracetas-, the skin by the Wind, the voice by Fire, the hand by indra-, the foot by viṣṇu-, the anus by mitra-, the parts of generation by prajāpati-, manas by the Moon, buddhi- by brahman-, ahaṃkāra- by śiva-, citta by viṣṇu- as acyuta-;in the nyāya- philosophy each organ is connected with its own peculiar element, the nose with the Earth, the tongue with Water, the eye with Light or Fire, the skin with Air, the ear with Ether;the jaina-s divide the whole creation into five sections, according to the number of organs attributed to each being.)

indriyavāda

m. Name (also title or epithet) of a nyāya- work

itara

itara-, itara-, the one - the other, this - that. (itara-connected antithetically with a preceding word often signifies the contrary idea exempli gratia, 'for example' vijayāya itarāya vā-[

],to victory or defeat;so in dvaṃdva- compounds, sukhetareṣu-[

],in happiness and distress;it sometimes, however, forms a tat-puruṣa- compound with another word to express the one idea implied in the contrary of that word, exempli gratia, 'for example' dakṣiṇetara-,the left hand.)

iti

ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i-), in this manner, thus (in its original signification /iti-refers to something that has been said or thought, or lays stress on what precedes;in the brāhmaṇa-s it is often equivalent to "as you know", reminding the hearer or reader of certain customs, conditions, etc. supposed to be known to him). In quotations of every kind /iti- means that the preceding words are the very words which some person has or might have spoken, and placed thus at the end of a speech it serves the purpose of inverted commas (/ity uktvā-,having so said; /iti kṛtvā-,having so considered, having so decided) . It may often have reference merely to what is passing in the mind exempli gratia, 'for example' vamantavyo manuṣya /iti bhūmipaḥ&iencoding=&lang='>bālo 'pi nāvamantavyo manuṣya /iti bhūmipaḥ-, a king, though a child, is not to be despised, saying to one's self,"he is a mortal", (

) In dramatic language /iti tathā karoti- means"after these words he acts thus."Sometimes /iti- is used to include under one head a number of separate objects aggregated together (exempli gratia, 'for example' ijyādhyayanadānāni tapaḥ satyaṃ kṣamā damaḥ- alobha /iti mārgo 'yam-,"sacrificing, studying, liberality, penance, truth, patience, self-restraint, absence of desire", this course of conduct, etc.) /iti- is sometimes followed by evam-, iva-, or a demonstrative pronoun pleonastically (exempli gratia, 'for example' tām brūyād bhavatīty evam-,her he may call "lady", thus) . /iti- may form an adverbial compound with the name of an author (exempli gratia, 'for example' /iti-pāṇini-,thus according to pāṇini-). It may also express the act of calling attention (lo! behold!) It may have some other significations exempli gratia, 'for example' something additional (as in /ityādi-,et caetera), order, arrangement specific or distinctive, and identity. It is used by native commentators after quoting a rule to express"according to such a rule" (exempli gratia, 'for example' anudāttaṅita /ity ātmanepadam bhavati-,according to the rule of pāṇini-

, the ātmane-pada- takes place) . kim /iti- equals kim-, wherefore, why? (In the śatapatha-brāhmaṇa- ti-occurs for /iti-; see Prakrittiand tti-.)

jaivantyāyani

varia lectio for jīvantyāyana-.

jaratkāru

m. (gaRa śivādi-) Name of a ṛṣi- of yāyāvara-'s family

jātaviśvāsa

mfn. equals -pratyaya-.

jayakṛṣṇa

m. Name (also title or epithet) of various authors (also with bhaṭṭa-, upā- dhyāya- etc.),

jayarāma

m. Name of the author of nyāya-siddhānta-- mālā-

jīvantyāyana

m. plural (fr. ti-) Name of a family

(

jaivantāy-and jaivantyāyani-).

jñā

cl.9 P.A1. jān/āti-, nit/e- (see

; subjunctive nat-; imperative nītat-,2. sg. nīh/i-,once irregular jña-

;[fr. cl.3.] jijāhi-

;2. plural irregular nata-.

;2. sg. A1. irregular nase-

; parasmE-pada n/at-, nān/a- irregular namāna-[

]; perfect tense jajñau-, jñe-[ Passive voice

] , 3. plural jñ/ur-

; parasmE-pada jñān/a-

; future jñāsyati-, te-; Aorist ajñāsīt-, sta- Passive voice /ajñāyi-,

; Potential jñāyāt-or jñey-

;2. sg. jñeyas- equals

; infinitive mood jñātum-) to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with (accusative;rarely genitive case

), perceive, apprehend, understand (also with infinitive mood [

]

) , experience, recognise, ascertain, investigate

etc. ; to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as (with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tasya māṃ tanayāṃ jānīta-,"know me to be his daughter"

;with mṛṣā-,"to consider as untrue"

)

etc. ; to acknowledge, approve, allow

; to recognise as one's own, take possession of

; to visit as a friend

; to remember (with genitive case)

; A1. to engage in (genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' sarpiṣo-,"to make an oblation with clarified butter")

: Causal jñapayati-, to teach any one (accusative)

; jñāp- (Passive voice jñāpyate-) to make known, announce, teach anything

and

; to inform any one (genitive case) that (double accusative)

; A1. to request, ask

(jñap-)

(jñāp-): Desiderative jijñāsate- (

; Epic also P.) to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine

etc. ; to wish for information about (accusative)

; to conjecture

: Causal Desiderative jijñapayiṣati- (also jñāp-

) and jñīpsati- (see psyamāna-), to wish to make known or inform

; ([ see etc.])

jri

or jrī- (= jṝ-) cl.1.9.10. jrayat/i-, jriṇāti-, jrāyayati-, to grow old

(varia lectio)

jyā

(see ji-) cl.9 P. jin/āti- (Potential nīy/āt-; parasmE-pada n/at-; perfect tense jijy/au-; future jyāsyati-

; ind.p. -jyāya-,

) Vedic or Veda to overpower, oppress, deprive any one (accusative) of property (accusative)

etc. ; (derived fr. jy/āyas-,"senior") to become old

: cl.4 A1. j/īyate- or Passive voice y/ate-, Vedic or Veda to be oppressed or treated badly, be deprived of property (or everything, sarva-jyān/im-

)

etc.: Causal jyāpayati-, to call any one old

: Desiderative (parasmE-pada j/ijyāsat-) to wish to overpower

: Intensive jejīyate-

; see pari-- ; .

but the old form kad- is found in the veda- (See

) ; ([ confer, compare Zend ka,ko7,kA7,kat; Greek , (Ion.,) , ; Latin quis,quid; Lithuanian kas k/a-; Gothic hvas,hvo7,hva, Anglo-Saxon hwa1,hwaet; English who,what.]) The interrogative sentence introduced by ka- is often terminated by iti- (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putra iti kathyatām-,let it be said, "whose son is he?") , but iti- may be omitted and the sentence lose its direct interrogative character (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putro na jñāyate-,it is not known whose son he is) . ka- with or without 1. as- may express"how is it possible that?""what power have I, you, they, etc.?" (exempli gratia, 'for example' ke mama dhanvino'nye-,what can the other archers do against me? ke āvām paritrātum-,what power have we to rescue you?) ka- is often connected with a demonstrative pronoun (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko 'yam āyāti-,who comes here?) or with the potential (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko hariṃ nindet-,who will blame hari-?) ka- is sometimes repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaḥ ko 'tra-,who is there? kān kān-,whom? whom? id est which of them? confer, compare Gram. 54) , and the repetition is often due to a kind of attraction (exempli gratia, 'for example' keṣāṃ kiṃ śāstram adhyayanīyam-,which book is to be read by whom? Gram. 836. a-). When kim- is connected with the inst. Calcutta edition of a noun or with the indecl. participle it may express"what is gained by doing so, etc.?" (equals ko'rthas-)

kabandhin

m. Name of a kātyāyana-

kākākṣinyāyāt

ind. in the manner of a crow's eye (said of a word which follows two rules), on this side and that, in such a way as to belong both to the preceding and subsequent commentator or commentary on

; on

commentator or commentary on

(kṣi-golakanyāyāt-).

kākākṣinyāyena

ind. in the manner of a crow's eye (said of a word which follows two rules), on this side and that, in such a way as to belong both to the preceding and subsequent commentator or commentary on

; on

commentator or commentary on

(kṣi-golakanyāyāt-).

kākākṣivat

ind. in the manner of a crow's eye (said of a word which follows two rules), on this side and that, in such a way as to belong both to the preceding and subsequent commentator or commentary on

; on

commentator or commentary on

(kṣi-golakanyāyāt-).

kalpa

m. a sacred precept, law, rule, ordinance (equals vidhi-, nyāya-), manner of acting, proceeding, practice (especially that prescribed by the veda-s)

kamalā

f. Name of dākṣyāyaṇī-

kāmasūtra

n. Name of a treatise on sexual love by vātsyāyana-.

kāmukā

f. Name of dākṣyāyaṇī- in gandha-mādana-

kāmyā

f. wish, desire, longing for or striving after (genitive case or in compound exempli gratia, 'for example' putra-kāmyayā-,through desire for a son

)

kaṇāda

m. "atom-eater", N. given to the author of the vaiśeṣika- branch of the nyāya- philosophy (as teaching that the world was formed by an aggregation of atoms;he is also called kāśyapa-, and considered as a devarṣi-;See also ulūka-)

etc.

kāndarpika

n. "treating of aphrodisiaca", Name of the seventy-sixth adhyāya- of

kanīyas

mfn. younger, a younger brother or sister, younger son or daughter (opposed to jyāyas-)

etc.

kaṇṭaka

m. a term in the nyāya- philosophy implying refutation of argument, detection of error etc.

kāṇvyāyanīya

m. plural the school of kāṇvyāyana-

karman

n. action consisting in motion (as the third among the seven categories of the nyāya- philosophy;of these motions there are five, viz. ut-kṣepaṇa-, ava-kṣepaṇa-, ā-kuñcana-, prasāraṇa-,and gamana-,qq. vv.)

kāryasama

m. (in nyāya- philosophy) a particular sophistical objection (ignoring that similar effects may result from dissimilar circumstances)

kasun

the kṛt- suffix as forming in the veda- an indeclinable (avyaya-

) infinitive with ablative sense

(see vi-s/ṛpas-, ā-t/ṛdas-.)

kati

(for 1.See above) m. Name of a sage (son of viśvā-mitra- and ancestor of kātyāyana-)

kātya

m. equals kātyāyana- gaRa gargādi-

kātyāyana

mf(ī-)n. composed by kātyāyana-.

kātyāyanasūtra

n. the śrauta-- sūtra-s of kātyāyana-

kātyāyanīya

m. plural the school of kātyāyana-

kātyāyanīya

mfn. composed by kātyāyana- (exempli gratia, 'for example' -śāstra-,the law-book composed by kātyāyana-)

kātyāyanīya

m. a pupil of kātyāyana-

kāvyacandrikā

f. another work on the same subject by nyāya-vāgīśa-.

khyā

cl.2 P. khyāti- (in the non-conjugational tenses also A1., perf. cakhyau-, cakhye-

; imperfect tense akhyat-, akhyata-

)

; the simple verb occurs only in Passive voice and Causal : Passive voice khyāyate-, to be named, be known

; (Aorist akhyāyi-) to be named or announced to (genitive case)

: Causal khyāpayati-, to make known, promulgate, proclaim

etc. ; to relate, tell, say, declare, betray, denounce

; "to make well known, praise" See khyāpita-; ([ confer, compare Latin in-quam,etc.])

kolita

m. Name of maudgalyāyana-

(

) .

kratusaṃkhyā

f. Name of the thirteenth of kātyāyana-'s pariśiṣṭa-s.

kṛśa

m. Name of sāṃkṛtyāyana-

kṛṣṇa

m. Name of a celebrated Avatar of the god viṣṇu-, or sometimes identified with viṣṇu- himself ([

]) as distinct from his ten Avata1rsAvatars or incarnations (in the earlier legends he appears as a great hero and teacher[

];in the more recent he is deified, and is often represented as a young and amorous shepherd with flowing hair and a flute in his hand;the following are a few particulars of his birth and history as related in

and in the purāṇa-s etc.: vasu-deva-, who was a descendant of yadu- and yayāti-, had two wives, rohiṇī- and devakī-;the latter had eight sons of whom the eighth was kṛṣṇa-; kaṃsa-, king of mathurā- and cousin of devakī-, was informed by a prediction that one of these sons would kill him;he therefore kept vasu-deva- and his wife in confinement, and slew their first six children;the seventh was balarāma- who was saved by being abstracted from the womb of devakī- and transferred to that of rohiṇī-;the eighth was kṛṣṇa- who was born with black skin and a peculiar mark on his breast;his father vasu-deva- managed to escape from mathurā- with the child, and favoured by the gods found a herdsman named nanda- whose wife yaśo-dā- had just been delivered of a son which vasu-deva- conveyed to devakī- after substituting his own in its place. nanda- with his wife yaśo-dā- took the infant kṛṣṇa- and settled first in gokula- or vraja-, and afterwards in vṛndāvana-, where kṛṣṇa- and bala-rāma- grew up together, roaming in the woods and joining in the sports of the herdsmen's sons; kṛṣṇa- as a youth contested the sovereignty of indra-, and was victorious over that god, who descended from heaven to praise kṛṣṇa-, and made him lord over the cattle[

]; kṛṣṇa- is described as sporting constantly with the gopī-s or shepherdesses[

]of whom a thousand became his wives, though only eight are specified, rādhā- being the favourite[

]; kṛṣṇa- built and fortified a city called dvārakā- in Gujarat, and thither transported the inhabitants of mathurā- after killing kaṃsa-; kṛṣṇa- had various wives besides the gopī-s, and by rukmiṇī- had a son pradyumna- who is usually identified with kāma-deva-;with Jains, kṛṣṇa- is one of the nine black vasu-deva-s;with Buddhists he is the chief of the black demons, who are the enemies of buddha- and the white demons)

kṛṣṇosyākhareṣṭhaka

mfn. (an adhyāya- or anuvāka-) beginning with the words k/ṛṣṇo 'sy ākhare-ṣṭh/aḥ-. (

) gaRa goṣad-ādi-.

kṛtya

m. (scilicet pratyaya-) the class of affixes forming the future p. Passive voice (as tavya-, anīya-, ya-, elima-,etc.)

kṣapāvyapāya

m. equals pātyaya-

kṣi

cl.1 P. kṣayati- (only once

) cl.5 P. kṣiṇoti- (

etc.;1. sg. kṣiṇ/omi-

for ṇ/āmi-of

) cl.9 P. kṣiṇ/āti- (3. plural kṣiṇ/anti-; perf. 3. dual number cikṣiyatur-

), to destroy, corrupt, ruin, make an end of (accusative), kill, injure

etc.: Passive voice kṣīy/ate- (

;3. plural kṣ/īyante-

; Aorist subjunctive kṣeṣṭa-[

] or kṣāyi-

; Conditional akṣeṣyata-

), to be diminished, decrease, wane (as the moon) , waste away, perish

etc. ; to pass (said of the night)

: Causal P. kṣapayati- (future yiṣyati-), rarely A1. te- (

) , very rarely kṣayayati- (

edition Calc.) , to destroy, ruin, make an end of (accusative), finish

etc. ; to weaken

; to pass (as the night or time, kṣapām-, pās-, kālam-)

; ([ see , etc.])

kūrma

m. (hence) Name of the fourteenth adhyāya- of

kūṭaghaṭitalakṣaṇa

n. Name (also title or epithet) of a nyāya- work

lakṣmīkānta

m. (with nyāya-bhūṣaṇa bhaṭṭācārya-) of another author

lakṣmīnārāyaṇa

m. (also with nyāyālaṃkāra-, paṇḍita-, yati-) of various authors and other men

lāṭāyana

wrong reading for la-tyāyana-

lāṭyāya

Nom. P. lāṭyāyati-, to live gaRa kaṇḍv-ādi-.

lāṭyāyanaśrautasūtra

n. the śrauta-sūtra- of lāṭyāyana-.

lī

(see rī-) cl.9 P. (

) lināti-, to adhere, obtain (not usually found) ; cl.1 P. layati- (

), to melt, liquefy, dissolve (not usually found) ; cl.4 A1. (

) l/īyate- (Vedic or Veda also lāyate-; perfect tense lilye-, lilyuḥ-

etc.; lilāya-, lalau- grammar; Aorist aleṣṭa-

; alaiṣīt-, alāsīt-, alāsta- grammar; future letā-, lātā-; leṣyati-or lāsyati-, te-

; infinitive mood letumorla1tum

; ind.p. -lāyam-

; līya-

etc.) , to cling or press closely, stick or adhere to (locative case)

etc. ; to remain sticking

; to lie, recline, alight or settle on, hide or cower down in (locative case), disappear, vanish

etc.: Causal P. lāpayati- or lāyayati-, to cause to cling etc.

etc. ; A1. lāpayate-, to deceive ; to obtain honour ; to humble

: Desiderative lilīṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lelīyate-, lelayīti-, leleti-

(see lelāya-).

līlāvatī

f. Name of various works (especially of a well-known treatise on arithmetic, algebra, and geometry by bhāskarācārya-

;also abbreviated for nyāya-l-)

luk

(prob. fr. luñc-), and gram. term to express "the dropping out"or,"disappearance"of pratyaya-s or affixes (the symbols luk-, lup-,and ślu-are distinguished from lopa-, q.v,and are called lumat-,as containing the syllable lu-).

madātaṅka

m. equals madātyaya-

madātyaya

m. "passing off of wine", disorder resulting from intoxication (as head-ache etc.)

(see pānātyaya-)

madavyādhi

n. equals madātyaya-

mādhavācārya

m. "the learned mādhava-", Name of a celebrated scholar (author of the sarva-darśana-saṃgraha-, the kālanirṇaya-, the nyāya-mālā-vistara- etc.;he was the brother of sāyaṇa- with whom he is by some identified)

mādhavī

f. of a daughter of yayāti-

mahābhāṣya

n. "Great Commentary", Name of patañjali-'s commentary on the sūtra-s of pāṇini- and the vārttika-s of kātyāyana-

etc. (

)

mahānāga

m. Name of vātsyāyana-

mahāvārttika

n. "great vārttika- or critical commentary", Name of kātyāyana-'s vārttika-s on the sūtra-s of pāṇini- (see māhāv-).

māhāvārttika

mf(ī-)n. (fr. mahā-v-) familiar with (kātyāyana-'s) vārttika-s

vArttika

mallanāga

m. Name of vātsyāyana-, author of the kāma-sūtra-

manas

n. mind (in its widest sense as applied to all the mental powers), intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception, sense, conscience, will

etc. etc. (in philosophy the internal organ or antaḥ-karaṇa-of perception and cognition, the faculty or instrument through which thoughts enter or by which objects of sense affect the soul

;in this sense manas-is always regarded as distinct from ātman-and puruṣa-,"spirit or soul"and belonging only to the body, like which it is - except in the nyāya- - considered perishable;as to its position in the various systemsSee for nyāya- and vaiśeṣika-

, for sāṃkhya- and vedānta-

;in

it is sometimes joined with hṛd-or hṛdaya-,the heart

cakṣus-,the eye)

maṇḍala

n. a division or book of the ṛg-- veda- (of which there are 10, according to the authorship of the hymns;these are divided into 85 anuvāka-s or lessons, and these again into 1017, or with the 11 additional hymns into 1028 sūkta-s or hymns;the other more mechanical division, is into aṣṭaka-s, adhyāya-s and varga-s q.v)

etc.

mandanāga

m. (prob. wrong reading for malla-nāga-) = vātsyāyana-

maṇisāra

m. or n. (?) , Name of a nyāya- work

mañjūṣā

f. receptacle of or for (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',rarely in the beginning of a compound in titles of works;also Name of various works and sometimes abridged for the fuller names, exempli gratia, 'for example' for dhātu-nyāya-m-etc.)

manobhirāma

m. or n. (?) Name of the spot where buddha- tamāla-pattra-candana-gandha- (mahā-maudgalyāyana-) will appear

medhājit

m. Name of kātyāyana-

(varia lectio medha-jit-).

mī

cl.1.10. P. mayati- or māyayati-, to go, move

; to understand

mithyābhimāna

(mithyābh-) equals -pratratyaya-, sāṃkhya-s. Scholiast or Commentator

mokṣadharma

m. Name of a section of the 12th book of the mahābhārata- (from adhyāya- 174 to the end;also mokṣadharmaparvan -parvan- n.)

munitraya

n. "triad of muni-s", pāṇini- and kātyāyana- and patañjali-

mūṣyāyaṇa

mfn. born of unknown parents (= ajñāta-pitṛka-)

(prob. wrong reading for āmuṣyāyaṇa-).

nābhāga

m. of a son of yayāti- (grandson of ambarīṣa-) and father of aja-

nahuṣa

m. of an ancient king (son of āyu- or āyus-[ see

]and father of yayāti-;he took possession of indra-'s throne but was afterwards deposed and changed into a serpent

etc.(see

);according to

he is a son of ambarīṣa- and father of nabhāga-)

nāhuṣa

m. (fr. n/ahuṣa-) patron. of yayāti-

R etc. Name of a serpent-demon

nahuṣātmaja

m. Name of king yayāti- (see above)

nāhuṣi

m. patronymic of yayāti-

naiyāya

mfn. (fr. ny-āya-) treating of the nyāya- philosophy (q.v), explaining it etc. gaRa ṛgayanādi-.

naiyāyika

mfn. knowing the nyāya- philosophy

naiyāyika

m. a follower of the nyāya- system of investigation

nalinīgulma

n. Name of an adhyayana-

nānārthasaṃdigdhārthavicāra

m. Name of a nyāya- work

narahari

m. of several authors (also -tīrtha-, -bhaṭṭa-, -śāstrin-, -sūri-; ry-upādhyāya-)

navayogakallola

m. Name of work (-nyāya-ratnākara-).

nī

(for 1.See) cl.1 P. A1. (

) nayati- te- (perfect tense P. nināya-,2. sg. ninetha-

plural nīnima-

; subjunctive ninīth/as- Potential ninīyāt-

; imperative ninetu-

; A1. ninye-

etc.; -nayām āsa-

; -nayāṃ cakre-

; Aorist P.3. dual number anītām- subjunctive n/eṣi-, neth/ā-

; anaiṣīt- subjunctive neṣati-, ṣat-,3. plural A1. aneṣata-

; anayīt-

; future neṣyati-

; te-

; nayiṣyati-, te-

; n/etā-, nayitā-

; ind.p. nītvā-

etc.; nayitvā-

; n/īya-

etc.; infinitive mood neṣ/aṇi-

; n/etavai-, tos-and nayitum-

; n/etum-

etc.), to lead, guide, conduct, direct, govern (also with agram-and genitive case; see agra-ṇī-)

etc. ; to lead etc. towards or to (accusative with or without prati- dative case, locative case or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

; to lead or keep away, exclude from (ablative)

; (A1.) to carry off for one's self (as a victor, owner etc.)

; (A1.,rarely P.) to lead home id est marry

; to bring into any state or condition (with accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' with vaśam-,to bring into subjection, subdue[A1.

; P.

];with śūdra-tām-,to reduce to a śūdra-

;with sākṣyam-[A1.],to admit as a witness,

;with vyāghra-tām-,to change into a tiger

;with vikrayam-,to sell

;with paritoṣam-,to satisfy

;with duḥkham-,to pain

;rarely, with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' duhitṛ-tve-,to make a person one's daughter

;or with an adverb in -sāt- exempli gratia, 'for example' bhasmasāt-to reduce to ashes

) ; to draw (a line etc.)

; to pass or spend (time)

etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to bear the rod id est inflict punishment

(with vyavahāram-) to conduct a process

; (with kriyām-) to conduct a ceremony, preside over a religious act

; to trace, track, find out, ascertain, settle, decide (with anyathā-,"wrongly")

etc. ; (A1.) to be foremost or chief

: Causal nāyayati-, te-, to cause to lead etc. ; to cause to be led by (instrumental case)

(see

Va1rtt. 5

) : Desiderative n/inīṣati-, te- (

, w. r. nineṣati-), to wish to lead or bring or carry to or into (accusative or dative case)

etc. ; to wish to carry away

; to wish to spend or pass (time)

; to wish to exclude from (ablative)

; to wish to find out or ascertain, investigate

: Intensive nenīy/ate- to lead as a captive, have in one's power, rule, govern

nī

P. ny-eti- (3. plural ni-yanti-; parasmE-pada -yat-; imperfect tense ny-āyan- ind.p. nītya-), to go into (see nyāya-), enter, come or fall into, incur (accusative)

; to undergo the nature of id est to be changed into (bhāvam-)

nidhyai

P. -dhyāyati- (perfect tense -dadhyau-, dhyur-), to observe, perceive ; to meditate, think of, remember (accusative)

: Desiderative -didhyāsate-, to wish to meditate on, think of attentively

nigraha

m. a place or occasion for being caught hold of, (especially in nyāya- philosophy) an occasion for refutation, a weak point in an argument or fault in a syllogism (see -sthāna-)

niketa

m. rarely n. (4. cit-) a mark, sign

(tapātyaya-n-,"mark of departure of heat", said of a cloud)

nīlāmbara

m. Name of a poet and several other authors (also with ācārya-, upādhyāya-, purohita-and miśra-)

nimittajñāna

n. "knowledge of omens or signs", Name of chapter of the kāma-sūtra- by vātsyāyana-

nipā

P. -pibati-, to drink or suck in, kiss

; to absorb, dry up

: Causal -pāyayati-, cause to imbibe or suck in

niravaso

Caus. -sāyayati-, to establish, settle, furnish with (instrumental case)

nirbhal

(only pr. p. f. -bhālayantī-in Prakrit

varia lectio -dhyāyantī-), to see, perceive, notice = (and perhaps wrong reading for) ni-bh-.

nirdhyai

(present tense p. -dhyāyat-

; ind.p. -dhyāya-

), to think of, reflect upon,

niryā

P. -yāti-, to go out, come forth, go from (ablative) to or into (accusative), set out for (dative case,[ exempli gratia, 'for example' yuddhāya-

; dig-jayāya-

]or artham-[ exempli gratia, 'for example' bhikṣārtham-

])

etc. ; (with mṛgayām-) to go hunting

; to depart from life, die

; to pass away (as time)

; to weed (a field)

: Causal -yāpayati-, to cause to go out etc.

; to drive away, expel from (ablative)

nisāra

( sṛ-?) equals saṃgha-, sāra-, or nyāya-dātavya-vitta-

(prob. wrong reading for ni-kara-).

niśīthikā

f. equals svādhyāya-

niśotsarga

m. equals śātyaya-

niṣṭyai

( styai-) A1. -ṣṭyāyate-, ṣṭyāyatām- ; (ind.p. -ṣṭyāya-), to stick to by coagulation or condensation, to grow or crowd together

nyasta

mfn. exposed (krayāya-,for sale)

nyāyaśāstra

n. the doctrine of the nyāya- school of philosophy

nyāyasūtra

n. the aphorisms of the nyāya- philosophy by gautama-

nyāyin

mfn. equals nyāya-vat-

nyāyya

mf(ā-)n. regular, customary, usual, correct, right, fit, proper (often with an infin. which then has a pass. sense)

; also wrong reading for nyāya-.

nyūna

n. want or omission of one of the 5 members in a nyāya- argument

pā

cl.1 P. (

) p/ibati- (Ved. and Epic also A1. te-; rarely pipati-, te-

) cl.2. pāti-, pāth/as-, pānti-

; parasmE-pada A1. papān/a-

, p/ipāna-

(perfect tense P. pap/au-,2. sg. papātha-

; papitha-

; papīyāt-

; p. papiv/as-

; A1. pape-, papire-

; p. papān/a-

; Aorist or imperfect tense apāt-

[ confer, compare

] ; 3. plural apuḥ-[?]

; -pāsta-

; preceding 3. sg. peyās-

; future pāsyati-, te-

etc.; pātā- grammar; ind.p. pītv/ā-

etc., tvī-

; -pāya-

etc.; -pīya-

; pāyam-

; infinitive mood p/ibadhyai-

; pātum-

etc.; p/ātave-

; p/ātava/ī-

), to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow (with accusative,rarely genitive case)

etc. ; (met.) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears etc.)

etc. ; to drink up, exhaust, absorb

; to drink intoxicating liquors

: Passive voice pīy/ate-

etc. etc.: Causal pāyayati-, te- (perfect tense pāyayām āsā-

; Aorist apīpyat-

; ind.p. pāyayitvā-

; infinitive mood p/āyayitav/ai-

), to cause to drink, give to drink, water (horses or cattle)

etc. etc.: Desiderative pipāsati- (

also pipīṣati-), to wish to drink, thirst

: Desiderative of Causal pipāyayiṣati-, to wish or intend to give to drink

: Intensive pepīyate- (parasmE-pada yamāna-also with pass meaning) , to drink greedily or repeatedly

[ confer, compare Greek; AEolic = ; Latin pa1-tus,po1tum,biboforpi-bo; Slavonic or Slavonian pi-ja,pi-ti]

pāda

m. the caesura of a verse

, the chapter of a book (originally only of a book or section of a book consisting of 4 parts, as the adhyāya-s of pāṇini-'s grammar).

pakṣila

m. Name of the saint vātsyāyana-

pañcikā

f. a book consisting of 5 adhyāya-s (as those of the

)

pari

ind. against, opposite to, in the direction of, towards, to

(see

;also at the beginning of a compound mfn.; see

Va1rtt. 4

and pary-adhyayana-)

parī

( pari-i-) P. pary-eti- (imperative parīhi-

; Potential p/artyām-

; imperfect tense paryait-

; perfect tense p/arīyāya-

; future pary-etā-

; ind.p. parītya-

; pary-āyaṃ-

; infinitive mood p/ary-etave-

), to go about, move in a circle ; (trans.) to go or flow round (accusative), circumambulate, surround, include, grasp, span

etc. ; to run against or into, reach, attain

; (with or sc. manasā-) to perceive, ponder

: Intensive A1. p/arīyate-, to move round or in a circle

parici

(2. sg. imperative -cinu-; parasmE-pada -cinvat-; infinitive mood -cetum-), to examine, investigate, search

; to find out, know, learn, exercise, practise, become acquainted with (accusative)

: Passive voice -cīyate-

: Causal A1. -cāyayate-, to search, seek for

parijñā

P. A1. -jānāti-, nīte- (infinitive mood -jñātum- ind.p. -jñāya-), to notice, observe, perceive, learn, understand, comprehend, ascertain, know or recognise as (2 accusative)

parikhyā

P. -khyāti- (subjunctive -khyatam-, -khyan-

), to look round, look at, perceive

etc. ; to observe, regard, consider

; to overlook, disregard

: Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be perceived

parikrīta

mfn. purchased, bought, hired

(applied to a son equals reto-mūlya-dānena tasyām eva-[i.e. bhāryāyām-] janitaḥ-

)

pariṇī

( nī-) P. A1. -ṇayati-, te- (perfect tense A1. -ṇinye-

; -ṇayām āsa-

;3. plural Aorist -aneṣata-

; ind.p. -ṇīya-

), to lead or bear or carry about or round

etc. etc., (especially) to lead a bride and bridegroom round the sacrificial fire (with 2 accusative) to marry (said of a bridegroom)

etc. ; to lead forward to, put or place anywhere (agram-,at the head) ,

; to carry away

; to trace out, discover, investigate

; (with anyathā-) to explain otherwise

: Causal -ṇāyayati-, to pass or spend (time)

; (also ṇāpayati-), to cause a man to marry a woman (accusative)

parivarjita

mfn. abandoned or left by, deprived or devoid of (instrumental case or compound)

etc. (with saṃkhyayā-,countless, innumerable

;with aṣṭabhis-,less by 8, minus 8

)

parivid

P. -vindati-, to find out, ascertain

; to twine, twist round (See below) ; to marry before an elder brother (only Passive voice yayā-[

] or yā-[

] pari-vidyate-,[the woman] with whom such a marriage is contracted).

parivye

P. A1. -vyayati-, te- (Aorist -avyata-, -vyata-

; ind.p. -vyāya-and -vīya- see

), to wrap or tie round ; (A1.) to wrap one's self up

pauloma

mfn. relating to or treating of pulomā- (Name of the 4th-12th adhyāya-s of

; see

)

pāy

cl.1 A1. pāyayate-, to void excrement

pradhyai

P. A1. -dhyāyati-, te-, to meditate upon, think of (accusative with or without prati-)

; to reflect, consider

; to excogitate, devise, hit upon

prāgvṛtta

n. (in law) = 1 prāṅ-nyāya- (q.v),

prakaraṇa

n. Name of work (see nyāyapr-)

prakhyā

P. -khyāti-, to see

(subjunctive -khyat-; infinitive mood -khy/ai-)

(ind.p. -khyāya-) ; to announce, proclaim, extol

(imperative -khyāhi-): Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be seen or known ; to be visible or public or acknowledged or celebrated

etc.: Causal -khyāpayati-, to make generally known, proclaim, announce, publish

pramāṇa

n. a means of acquiring pramā- or certain knowledge (6 in the vedānta-, viz. pratyakṣa-,perception by the senses; anumāna-,inference; upamāna-,analogy or comparison; śabda-or āpta-vacana-,verbal authority, revelation; an-upalabdhi-or abhāva-pratyakṣa-,non-perception or negative proof; arthāpatti-,inference from circumstances;the nyāya- admits only 4, excluding the last two;the sāṃkhya- only 3, viz. pratyakṣa-, anumāna-and śabda-;other schools increase the number to 9 by adding sambhava-,equivalence; aitihya-,tradition or fallible testimony;and ceṣṭā-,gesture

)

prapyai

A1. -pyāyate-, to swell out, swell up, be distended or exuberant

: Causal -pyāyayati-, to cause to swell out, distend

prasajyapratiṣedha

m. the negative form of an applicable (positive) statement

(also sajyāyām- pr-

; prasajyapratiṣedhatva dha-tva- n.

)

prasaṅgasama

m. (in nyāya-) the sophism that the proof too must be proved

pratī

( prati-i-) P. praty-eti-, to go towards or against, go to meet (as friend or foe)

etc. ; to come back, return

; to resort or apply to

; to fall to a person's (dative case) lot or share

; to receive, accept

; (also Passive voice) to admit, recognize, be certain of, be convinced that (2 accusative)

etc. ; to trust, believe (with genitive case)

: Passive voice pratīyate-, to be admitted or recognized, follow, result

(parasmE-pada yamāna-,known, understood, implicit

) : Causal praty-āyayati- (Passive voice praty-āyyate-), to lead towards id est cause to recognize or acknowledge, convince (any one of the truth of anything)

; to make clear, prove

: Desiderative pratīṣiṣati-, to wish or try to understand

pratijñā

f. (in logic) a proposition, the assertion or proposition to be proved, the first member or avyaya- of the five-membered nyāya- syllogism

pratisaṃkhyā

(only ind.p. khyāya-), to count or reckon up, number

pratyakṣa

n. ocular evidence, direct perception, apprehension by the senses (in nyāya- one of the 4 pramāṇa-s or modes of proof. see pramāṇa-)

pratyaya

m. proof, ascertainment

etc. (pratyayaṃ-gam-,to acquire confidence, repose confidence in

; asty atra pratyayo mama-,that is my conviction

; kah pratyayo 'tra-,what assurance is there of that?

)

pratyayāya

Nom. P. yati-, to convince

(prob. wrong reading for Causal praty-āyayati-).

pratye

( -ā-i-; P. proper 3. plural -ā-yanti-, parasmE-pada -ā-yat-; Potential -eyāt-; perfect tense -eyāya-; ind.p. -etya-), to come back, return to (accusative)

pravṛt

A1. -vartate-, (Epic also P. ti-), to roll or go onwards (as a carriage), be set in motion or going

etc. ; to set out, depart, betake one's self

etc. ; to proceed (vartmanā-,or ni-,on a path; apathena-,on a wrong path)

; to come forth, issue, originate, arise, be produced, result, occur, happen, take place

etc. ; to commence, begin to (infinitive mood), set about, engage in, be intent upon or occupied with (dative case locative case,or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

etc. ; to proceed against, do injury to (locative case)

; to debauch (anyo 'nyam-,"one another")

; to act or proceed according to or with (instrumental case or ablative)

etc. ; to behave or conduct one's self towards, deal with (locative case)

; to hold good, prevail

; to continue, keep on (pr.p.)

; to be, exist

; to serve for, conduce to (dative case,or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

; to mean, be used in the sense of (locative case)

; to let any one (genitive case) have anything (accusative)

: Causal -vartayati-, to cause to turn or roll, set in motion

etc. ; to throw, hurl, Pour forth

; to send

; to set on foot, circulate, diffuse, divulge

etc. ; to introduce, appoint, instal

; to produce, create, accomplish, devise, invent, perform, do, make

(with setum-to erect a dam;with vyayakarma-,to effect expenditure;with loka-yātrām-,to transact the business of life;with kathām-,to relate a story) ; to exhibit, show, display

; to undertake, begin

etc. ; to use, employ

; to induce any one to do anything, betray into (locative case)

; to proceed against (locative case)

pravṛtti

f. activity, exertion, efficacy, function

etc. (in the nyāya- one of the 82 prameya-s

)

prī

cl.9 P. A1. (

) prīṇ/āti-, prīṇīt/e- ; cl.4 A1. (

) prīyate- (rather Passive voice; Epic and mc. also ti-and priyate-, ti-; perfect tense pipriy/e-, parasmE-pada yāṇ/a- subjunctive pipr/ayat-; imperative pipr/ayasva-or prīh/i-

; Aorist apraiṣīt-

subjunctive pr/eṣat-

; apreṣṭa- grammar; future preṣyati-, te-, pretā-

) P. to please, gladden, delight, gratify, cheer, comfort, soothe, propitiate

etc. ; (mostly A1. prīyate-) to be pleased or satisfied with, delight in, enjoy (genitive case instrumental case locative case or ablative)

; (A1.; Epic and mc. also P.and pri-) to like, love, be kind to (accusative)

: Causal prīṇayati- (prāpayati-

, prāyayati-

), to please, delight gratify, propitiate

etc. ; to refresh, comfort

: Desiderative p/iprīṣati-, to wish to please or propitiate

: Intensive peprīyate-, peprayīti-, pepreti- grammar ([ confer, compare Gothic frijo7n,frijo7nds; German friunt,freund; Anglo-Saxon freo4nd; English friend; Slavonic or Slavonian prijati; Lithuanian pre0teliusetc.])

priyāya

Nom. A1. y/ate-, to treat kindly

(varia lectio priyam ivācarate-

; see prīyāya-) ; to make friends with (instrumental case)

prīyāya

Nom. A1. yate-, to rejoice at (accusative)

(see priyāya-).

pucchalakṣaṇa

n. Name of a nyāya- work

punarvasu

m. of kātyāyana- or vararuci-

puṇyanātha

m. (with upādhyāya-) Name of a man

puru

m. (see pūru-) Name of a prince (the son of yayāti- and śarmiṣṭhā- and sixth monarch of the lunar race)

pūru

m. of an ancient prince (the son of yayāti- and śarmiṣṭhā-)

(see

Va1rtt. 3

)

pūrvavat

ind. according to something previous (applied in the nyāya- to a kind of inference such as inferring from the previous appearance of a cloud that rain will fall)

pūrvayāyāta

n. the more ancient form of the legend of yayāti- or that current in the east

puṣ

cl.1 P. (

) poṣati- (trans.) , only

; cl.4 P. (

) p/uṣyati- (trans. and intrans.; mc. also

te-)

etc. etc.; cl.9 P. (

) puṣṇāti- (trans.)

etc. (perfect tense pup/oṣa-, pupuṣyās-

; Aorist apuṣat-or apoṣīt- grammar; Potential puṣeyam-,

; preceding puṣyāsam-, sma-

; future poṣiṣyati-, pokṣyati-; poṣitā-, poṣṭā- grammar; Passive voice puṣyate-

; Aorist apoṣi- grammar; infinitive mood puṣy/ase-

), to be nourished (with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' bhāryayā-

), to thrive, flourish, prosper (also with p/oṣam-, puṣṭim-or vṛddhim-)

(rarely in later language exempli gratia, 'for example'

[see above], and sometimes in

, where also 3 sg. puṣyati-tarām-) ; to cause to thrive or prosper, nourish, foster, augment, increase, further, promote, fulfil (exempli gratia, 'for example' a wish) , develop, unfold, display, gain, obtain, enjoy, possess

etc. etc.: Causal posk/ayati- (Aorist apūpuṣat- grammar), to rear, nourish, feed, cause to thrive or prosper

etc. ; to cause to be reared or fed by (instrumental case)

: Desiderative pupoṣiṣati-, pupuṣithati-, pupukṣati- grammar : Intensive popuṣyate-, popoṣṭi-

raghudeva

m. Name of various authors (also with bhaṭṭācārya-and nyāyālaṃkārabh-)

raghunātha

m. Name of various authors and others (also with dīkṣita-, bhaṭṭa-, ārya-, ācārya-, upādhyāya-, kavi-, yati-, yatīndra-, paṇḍita-, sūri-, cakravartin-, bhūpāla-etc.)

raghupati

m. Name of various authors and teachers (also with upādhyāya-and mahopādhyāya-)

rājanārāyaṇa

m. (with mukhopādhyāya-) Name of an author

raktasūryāya

Nom. A1. -sūryāyate-, to represent or be like a red sun

rāma

m. of various authors and teachers (also with ācārya-, upādhyāya-, kavi-, cakra-vartin-, jyotir-vid-, jyau-- tiṣaka-, tarka-vāg-īśa-, dīkṣita-, daiva-jña-, paṇḍita-, bhaṭṭa-, bhaṭṭācārya-, vājapeyin-, śarman-, śāstrin-, saṃyamin-, sūri-etc.)

rāmacandra

m. Name of various kings and authors etc. (also with ācārya-, kavi-, kṣiti-pati-, cakra-vartin-, daṇḍin-, dīkṣīta-, naimiṣa-stha-or vājapeyin-, nyāya-vāg-īśa-, parama-haṃsa-, pāṭhaka-, bhaṭṭa-, bhaṭṭācārya-, bhārgava-, bhiṣaj-, miśra-, yajvan-, yatīśvara-, vācas-pati-, śāstrin-, sārasvatī-, siddha-etc.)

rāmakiśora

m. (with śarman nyāyālaṃkāra-) Name of an, author

rāmarāma

m. (with nyāyālaṃkāra-) of a Scholiast.

rāmarudra

m. (with bhaṭṭa-and with nyāya-vāgīśa bhaṭṭācārya-) Name of two authors

rāṇaka

m. of a commentator or commentary on the tantra-vārttika- (also called nyāya-sudhā-or vārttika-yojanā-or sarvānavadya-kāriṇī-)

rātri

f(i-or ī-). equals rātri-paryāya-

raudrī

f. Name of the Comms. on the tattva-cintāmaṇi-dīdhiti- and the nyāya-siddhānta-muktāvalī- by rudra- bhaṭṭācārya-

rūpahāni

f. loss of form (in the nyāya- one of the 7 preventives of classification)

the actual base for the Nominal verb case of the 3rd Persian pronoun t/ad- q.v (occurring only in the Nominal verb sg. mf.[ s/a-or s/as-, sā-],and in the Vedic or Veda locative case [ s/asmin-

];the final s-of the Nominal verb m.is dropped before all consonants [except before p-in

, and before t-in

] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of visarga-; sa-occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ-];and it is often for emphasis connected with another pronoun as with aham-, tvam-, eṣa-, ayam-etc.[ exempli gratia, 'for example' so 'ham- sa tvam-,"I (or thou) that very person"; confer, compare under t/ad-,p.434] , the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd Persian even if aham-or tvam-be omitted[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa- tvā pṛcchāmi-"I that very person ask you"

; sa- vai no brūhi-"do thou tell us"

];similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān-[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām-,"let your Highness set out for victory"

];it sometimes [and frequently in the brāhmaṇa-s] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adverb such as ya-, yad-, yadi-, yathā-, ced-;in this position sa-may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind.,even where another gender or number is required[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa yadi- sthāvarā āpo bhananti-,"if those waters are stagnant"

];in the sāṃkhya- sa-,like eṣa-, ka-,and ya-,is used to denote puruṣa-, "the Universal Soul")

śabdasadrūpasaṃgraha

m. Name of a nyāya- work

śabdaśaktiprakāśikā

f. Name of a nyāya- work

śabdasvātantryavāda

m. Name of a nyāya- work

śabdavādārtha

m. Name of work on the nyāya- by raghu-nātha-.

śabdāya

(see śabd-) Nom. A1. yate- (

;exceptionally also yati-), to make a sound (accusative), cry, yell, bray

etc.: Causal śabdāyayati-, to cause a sound to be made by (instrumental case)

Va1rtt. 1

; to cause any one (accusative) to, cry by (instrumental case)

ṣaḍguruśiṣya

m. Name of a Commentator on kātyāyana-'s ṛg-veda-sarvānukramaṇī- (who lived in the 12th century, A.D.)

sādhāraṇa

m. or n. (?) Name of a nyāya- work by gādadhara-

sādharmyasama

m. (in nyāya-) a pretended or sham objection

saha

ind. in common, in company, jointly, conjointly, in concert (often used as a prefix in compound,expressing"community of action", exempli gratia, 'for example' sahādhyayana- q.v;or forming adjectives expressing"the companion of an action", exempli gratia, 'for example' saha-cara- q.v)

sainaka

n. (fr. senā-; saṃjñāyām-) gaRa kulālādi-.

śaiṣyopādhyāyikā

f. (fr. śiṣya-+ upādhyāya-) the relation between pupil and teacher

śaivakalpadruma

m. Name of work by apyaya- dīkṣita-.

śakti

f. the power or signification of a word (defined in the nyāya- as padasya padārthe- sambandhaḥ- id est"the relation of a word to the thing designated")

samabhidhyai

P. -dhyāyati-, or -dhyāti-, to reflect deeply on, meditate on

; to direct all the thoughts upon, long for (accusative)

samabhijñā

(only ind.p. -jñāya-), to recognize fully, entirely acknowledge or Perceive

samadhiśī

Caus. -sāyayati-, to lay or put anything in the place of any other thing

samādhyai

P. -dhyāyati-, to meditate deeply upon, reflect upon, be lost in thought

samānī

P. A1. -nayati-, te-, to lead or conduct together, join, unite, collect, assemble

etc. ; to lead anyone to another, unite one person (accusative) with another (instrumental case with or without saha-)

; to lead towards, bring near

; to bring home

; to pour together, mingle (liquids)

; to bring or offer (an oblation)

: Causal -nāyayati- (ind.p. -nāyya-), to cause to be brought together or near, convoke, assemble

samanudhyai

P. -dhyāyati-, to reflect upon, think of (accusative)

sāmānyābhāva

m. Name of a nyāya- work

sāmānyalakṣaṇā

f. (in nyāya-) one of the three alaukika- or transcendental perceptions or saṃnikarṣa-s

sāmānyatodṛṣṭa

n. (scilicet anumāna-;in logic) a particular kind of induction or inference (exempli gratia, 'for example' generalizing from every day occurrences; according to to the sāṃkhya- and nyāya- it furnishes evidence of what transcends the senses such as the paths of the heavenly bodies, the existence of air ether, soul, space, time etc.) , generalization from particulars

samapadhyai

P. -dhyāyati- (Epic also A1. te-), to think ill or badly of, meditate evil or injury against, injure

samāptivāda

m. Name of a nyāya- work

samāpyai

A1. -pyāyate- (only in perfect tense -pipye-), to grow larger, swell, grow, increase

: Causal -pyāyayati-, te-, to cause to increase or grow, refresh, reanimate, enliven

samāsa

m. (in gram.) composition of words, a compound word (of which there are according to to native grammarians, 6 kinds, viz. dvaṃdva-, bahu-vrīhi-, karma-dhāraya-, tat-puruṣa-, dvigu-, and avyaya- or avyayī-bhāva- [qq. vv.];an improper compound is called asthāna-samāsa-)

etc.

śambhubhaṭṭīya

n. Name of a nyāya- work

śambhurāja

m. Name of the author of the nyāya-mañjari-

saṃdhyadhyāya

m. an adhyāya- or chapter on saṃdhi-

saṃdhyai

P. -dhyāyati-, to reflect or meditate on, think about

saṃdhyāya

Nom. A1. dhyāyate-, to resemble twilight

(yāyita- mfn.

)

saṃjñā

P. A1. -jānāti-, -jānīte-, (A1.) to agree together, be of the same opinion, be in harmony with (locative case; according to to

, also instrumental case or accusative)

; (A.) to obey (dative case)

; (A1.) to appoint, assign, intend (for any purpose), destine

; (only ind.p. -jñāya-) to direct, order, command

; to acknowledge, recognize, own

; (P.) to acknowledge or claim as one's own, take possession of

; (P.) to think of. recollect sorrowfully (with accusative or genitive case)

; A1. to know well, understand

; to watch for

: Causal -jñāpayati-, te-, to cause to be of the same opinion or agree together

; to cause to acquiesce or agree in (euphemistically said of a sacrificial victim, which ought not to be led forcibly to its death but made to resign itself)

; to appease, satisfy

; to make to be understood or known, cause to understand

; to make signs to (accusative), communicate or make anything known by signs

; to command, enjoin, instruct

saṃjñā

f. (in gram.) the name of anything thought of as standing by itself, any noun having a special meaning (saṃjñāyām-therefore denotes"[used] in some peculiar sense rather than in its strictly etymological meaning" exempli gratia, 'for example' as a proper name)

śaṃkarakroḍa

m. Name of a nyāya- Commentary.

śaṃkarastuti

f. Name of the 7th adhyāya- of

saṃkṣi

P. -kṣiṇāti-4. to destroy completely, annihilate

: Passive voice -kṣīyate-, to be destroyed or exhausted, waste away, disappear, perish

: Causal -kṣapayati-, to cause to, disappear, destroy

; -kṣayayati- See -kṣayita-.

saṃnikarṣa

m. connection with, relation to, (in philosophy) the connection of an indriya- or organ of sense with its viṣaya- or object (this according to to the nyāya-, is the source of jñāna-,and is of two kinds, 1. laukika-,which is sixfold, 2. a-laukika-,which is threefold

)

sampā

P. A1. -pibati-, te-, to drink together

: Causal -pāyayati-, to cause to drink together, make to drink

sampad

A1. -padyate- (in some forms also P.; ind.p. -pādam- q.v), to fall or happen well, turn out well, succeed, prosper, accrue to (dative case or genitive case)

etc. ; to become full or complete (as a number), amount to

; to fall together, meet or unite with, obtain, get into, partake of (instrumental case or accusative)

etc. ; to enter into, be absorbed in (accusative or locative case)

; to be produced, be brought forth, be born, arise

; to become, prove, turn into (Nominal verb)

etc. ; to be conducive to, produce (dative case)

vArttika on

; (with adverb in sāt-) to become thoroughly

; to fall into a Person's, power

; (with adverb in tra-) to fall to a person's share

; to produce a particular sound (as that expressed by an onomatopoetic word in ā-)

: Causal -pādayati- (rarely te-), to cause to succeed, cause to arise, bring about, produce, effect, accomplish (with śuśrūṣām-and genitive case,"to obey")

etc. ; to make full, complete

; to transform, make or turn into (accusative)

; to provide or furnish with (instrumental case;with kriyayā-,"to charge or entrust a person with a business")

; to afford to, procure for (dative case or genitive case)

etc. ; to attain, obtain, acquire

etc. ; to ponder on, deliberate

; to consent, agree

: Desiderative of Causal -pipādayiṣati- (See sam-pipādayiṣā-etc., col, 2) : Intensive -panīpadyate-, to fit well

sampratī

( -prati-- 5 i-) P. -pratyeti-, to go towards, arrive at, come to a firm conviction, believe firmly in, trust in (genitive case)

; Passive voice -pratīyate-, to be meant or understood

: Causal -pratyāyayati-, to cause to be meant or understood by

saṃsargābhāva

m. (in nyāya-) a particular form of the category of non-existence (said to be of three kinds, prior, incidental, and final, or absence of birth, destruction of present being, and necessary cessation of existence)

saṃśaya

m. (in nyāya-) doubt about the point to be discussed (one of the 16 categories)

saṃśayakāraṇārthāpattipūrvapakṣarahasya

n. Name of nyāya- work

saṃśayakāraṇārthāpattirahasya

n. Name of nyāya- work

saṃśayasama

m. (in nyāya-) one of the 24 jāti-s or self-confuting replies

(see

)

saṃśyai

cl.1 P. A1. -śyāyati-, te-, only in the forms below.

saṃvye

P. A1. -vyayati-, te- (perfect tense parasmE-pada -vivyāna- q.v), to roll or cover up

; to put on, wrap one's self in (accusative)

; to supply or furnish or provide or equip with

: Causal See vāyita-.

saṃyoga

m. contact (especially in philosophy "direct material contact", as of sesamum seed with rice-grains [in contradistinction to contact by the fusion of particles, as of water with milk] , enumerated among the 24 guṇa-s of the nyāya- see under sam-bandha-)

saṃyuktasamavāya

m. inherence in the connected (one of the six kinds of perception in nyāya-)

sāptamika

mfn. taught in the seventh (adhyāya- of pāṇini-'s grammar)

saptarṣicāra

m. Name of the 13th adhyāya- of

and of another astronomy work

sārasāyana

m. (prob.) a patronymic gaRa ahukāry-ādi- (varia lectio for sāraryāyana-).

śaravyaya

Nom. P. vyayati-, to aim at a mark, take aim at (ati-ś-)

śaravyāya

Nom. A1. vyāyate-, to form a mark or object aimed at

śāriputra

m. Name of one of the two chief disciples (agra-śrāvaka-), of gautama- buddha- (the other being maudgalyāyana-)

śarmiṣṭhā

f. "most fortunate", Name of one of the wives of yayāti- (she was the daughter of vṛṣaparvan- and mother of druhyu-, anu-, and puru-; see under yayāti-and deva-yānī-)

ṣāṣṭha

mfn. taught in the sixth (adhyāya-)

ṣāṣṭhika

mfn. belonging to the sixth, explained in the sixth (adhyāya-)

ṣaṣṭipatha

m. "60 paths", Name of the first 60 adhyāya-s of the śatapatha-brāhmaṇa-.

śatapathabrāhmaṇa

n. "the brāhmaṇa- with a hundred paths or sections"Name of a well-known brāhmaṇa- attached to the vājasaneyi-saṃhitā- or White yajur-veda-, (like the saṃhitā-, this brāhmaṇa- is ascribed to the ṛṣi- yājñavalkya-;it is perhaps the most modern of the brāhmaṇa-s, and is preserved in two śākhā-s or schools, mādhyaṃdina- and kāṇva-;the version belonging to the former is best known, and is divided into fourteen kāṇḍa-s or books which contain one hundred adhyāya-s or lectures [or according to another arrangement into sixty-eight prapāṭhaka-s];the whole work is regarded as the most systematic and interesting of all the brāhmaṇa-s, and though intended mainly for ritual and sacrificial purposes, is full of curious mythological details and legends; see yajur-veda-, vijasaneyisaṃhitā-, brāhmaṇa-)

śatarudriyahoma

m. Name of the 16th adhyāya- of the vājasaneyi-saṃhitā-.

ṣaṭkarman

n. the six duties of Brahmans (viz. adhyayana-,"studying or repeating the veda-", adhyāpana-,"teaching the veda-", yajana-"offering sacrifices", yājana-,"conducting them for others", dāna-,"giving", and pratigraha-,"accepting gifts"),

etc. (the six daily duties according to to the later law-books, are, snāna-,"religious bathing", saṃdhyājapa-,"repetition of prayers at the three saṃdhyā-s", brahma-yajña-,"worship of the Supreme Being by repeating the first words of sacred books", tarpaṇa-,"daily oblations of water to the gods, sages, and pitṛ-s", homa-,"oblations of fuel, rice etc. to fire", deva-pūjā-,"worship of the secondary gods either in the domestic sanctuary or in temples")

śāṭyāyana

m. plural "the followers of śāṭyāyana-"

etc.

śāṭyāyana

mf(ī-)n. of or belonging to śāṭyāyana- or the śāṭyāyana-brāhmaṇa-

śāṭyāyanabrāhmaṇa

n. the brāhmaṇa- of śāṭyāyana-

śāṭyāyanagotra

n. the family of śāṭyāyana-

śāṭyāyanaka

n. the brāhmaṇa- of śāṭyāyana- or a passage from it

śāṭyāyanasmṛti

f. the law-book of śāṭyāyana-

śāṭyāyanin

m. plural the followers of śāṭyāyana- (Name of a śākhā- of the yajur-veda-)

sauḍala

m. (with upādhyāya-) Name of a preceptor

saumuktivāda

m. Name of a nyāya- work

śaunaka

m. (patronymic fr. śunaka- gaRa bidādi-) Name of various authors and teachers (also with indrota- and svaidāyana-; especially of the celebrated grammarian, author of the ṛg-veda- prātiśākhya-, the bṛhad-devatā-, and various other works;he is described as the teacher of kātyāyana- and especially of āśvalāyana-;he is said to have united the bāṣkala- and śākala- śākhā-s, and is sometimes identified with the Vedic ṛṣi- gṛtsa-mada-;but according to the viṣṇu-purāṇa-, śaunaka- was a son of gṛtsamada-, and originated the system of four castes;he is quoted in

and

;the various legends about him are very confused)

etc.

savyabhicāra

m. Name of various nyāya- works.

śayyā

f. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) a bed, couch, sofa (accusative with saṃ-viś-or adhi-ṣṭhā-[ sthā-],"to go to bed or to rest";with Causal of ā-ruh-,"to take [a woman] to bed, have sexual intercourse with"[acc.]; śayyāyām- ā-rūḍha- mfn."gone to bed, lying in bed")

etc.

śāyyika

mfn. equals śayyayā jīvati- gaRa vetanādi-.

śī

cl.2 A1. (

) ś/ete- (with guṇa- throughout the proper stem : thus, ś/aye-[in

also 3. sg. ], ś/eṣe-etc., 3. plural ś/erate-[in

also ś/ere-and Class. śayire-]; Potential ś/ayīta-

etc.; imperative -śetām-and śayām-

; imperfect tense aśeta-

etc., 3. plural aśerata-[in

also /aśeran-], parasmE-pada ś/ayāna-

etc.;Ved. and Epic also cl.1. ś/ayate-, ti-; imperfect tense /aśayat-and aśāyata-

; perfect tense śiśye-, śiśyire-

; parasmE-pada Ved. śaśayān/a-,Class. śiśyāna-; Aorist aśayiṣṭa- subjunctive ś/eṣan-

; future śayitā-

sg. t/āse-

; śayiṣyate-, ti-

; śeṣyate-, ti-

; infinitive mood śay/adhyai-

; śayitum-

; ind.p. śayitvā-

etc.; -śayya-

), to lie, lie down, recline, rest, repose

etc. ; to remain unused (as soma-)

; to lie down to sleep, fall asleep, sleep

etc. ; (with patye-) to lie down to a husband (for sexual intercourse)

; (madanena-śī-= "to be impotent")

: Passive voice śayyate- grammar (Aorist aśāyi-

, pr.p. once in

śīyat-): Causal śāyayati-, te- (Aorist aśīśayat-), to cause to lie down, lay down, put, throw, fix on or in (locative case)

etc. ; to cause to lie down, allow to rest or sleep

: Desiderative śiśayiṣate-, to wish to rest or sleep

: Intensive śāśayyate-, śeśayīti-, śeśeti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ,"to lie";, "a bed."])

(confer, compare 4. sā-) cl.5.9. P. A1. (

) sinoti-, sinute-; sin/āti-, sinite- (really occurring only in present tense sin/āti-, imperfect tense asinot-; perfect tense siṣāya-

; Aorist [?] siṣet-

; asaiṣīt-, aseṣṭa- grammar; future setā-

; siṣyati-

; seṣyati-, te- grammar; infinitive mood s/etave-

; setum- grammar), to bind, tie, fetter

: Causal sāyayati- (Aorist asīṣayat-) grammar : Desiderative sisīṣati-, te-

: Intensive seṣīyate-, seṣayīti-, seṣeti-

[ confer, compare Greek ,; Lettish sinu,"to bind"; Anglo-Saxon sa7l; German Seil.]

siddhāntakārikā

f. Name of a nyāya- work

siddhāntaśiromaṇi

m. Name of an astronomy work by bhāskara- (in 4 divisions called līlāvatī-, bīja-gaṇita-, gaṇitādhyāya-,and golā dhyāya-)

śiṣyaśikṣāvāda

m. Name of a nyāya- work

śivāditya

m. (with miśra-) Name of an author (also called nyāyācārya-)

śivapañcāśikā

f. Name of work by apyaya- dīkṣita- (also called ātmārpaṇa-stuti-).

smi

cl.1 A1. (

) smayate- (mc. also ti-; perfect tense sismiye-,or siṣmiy/e-[ parasmE-pada siṣmiyāṇ/a- confer, compare upa-smi-], Epic also -smayām-āsa-; Aorist asmeṣṭa-

; asmayiṣṭhās-

; future smetā-, smeṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood smetum-

; ind.p. smitvā-

; -smitya-, -smayitya-

), to smile, blush, become red or radiant, shine

; to smile, laugh

etc. ; to expand, bloom (as a flower)

; to be proud or arrogant

: Passive voice smīyate- (Aorist asmāyi-), grammar : Causal smāyayati-, te- (Aorist asismayat-;also smāpayati-in vi-smi- q.v), to cause to smile or laugh etc. ; (A1.) to laugh at, mock, despise

(varia lectio for smiṭ- q.v): Desiderative sismayiṣate- grammar : Intensive seṣmīyate- (parasmE-pada yamāṇa-

), seṣmayīti-, seṣmeti-

[ confer, compare Greek for ; , ; Latin mirus,mirari; Slavonic or Slavonian smijati; English smile.]

smṛti

f. the whole body of codes of law as handed down memoriter or by tradition (especially the codes of manu- yājñavalkya- and the 16 succeeding inspired lawgivers, viz. atri-, viṣṇu-, hārīta-, uśanas- or śukra-, aṅgiras-, yama-, āpastamba-, saṃvarta-, kātyāyana-, bṛhas-pati-, parāśara-, vyāsa-, śaṅkha-, likhīta-, dakṣa- and gautama-;all these lawgivers being held to be inspired and to have based their precepts on the veda-; see

)

etc.

snānasūtra

n. Name of a sūtra- work ascribed to kātyāyana- (also -pariśiṣṭa-)

sneha

m. (or n. gaRa ardharcādi-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) oiliness, unctuousness, fattiness, greasiness, lubricity, viscidity (also as one of the 24 guṇa-s of the vaiśeṣika- branch of the nyāya- philosophy)

(

)

śo

(confer, compare 1. śi-) cl.3 P. A1. śiśāti-, ś/iśīte- (accord to

also cl.4 P. śyati- confer, compare ni-śo-; perfect tense śaśau- grammar; parasmE-pada śaśān/a-

; Aorist aśīta- confer, compare saṃ-śo-; aśāt-or aśāsīt- grammar; preceding śāyāt-

; future śātā-, śāśyati-

; indeclinable ś/āya-

), to whet, sharpen (A1."one's own"weapons or horns)

: Passive voice śāyate- grammar : Causal śāyayati-

; Desiderative śiśāsati-

: Intensive śāśāyate-, śaśeti-, śāśāti-

[? confer, compare Greek etc.]

(usually with prepositions;See ava--, vy-ava--, adhy-ava-so-etc.) cl.4 P. (

) syati- (perfect tense sasau- Aorist asāt-or asāsīt-etc.) , to destroy, kill, finish

: Passive voice sīyate- (Aorist asāyi-), grammar : Causal sāyayati- or sāpayati-

: Desiderative siṣāsati-

: Intensive seṣīyate-, sāsāti-, sāseti-

ṣoḍaśalakṣaṇa

n. the sūtra- of jaimini- (consisting of 16 adhyāya-s)

sparśatvajātipramāṇa

n. Name of a nyāya- work

śrautasmārtakarmapaddhati

f. Name of work (equals kātyāyana-sūtra-p-).

śrautasūtra

n. Name of particular sūtra-s or sūtra- works based on śruti- or the veda- (ascribed to various authors, such as āpastamba-, āśvalāyana-, kātyāyana-, drāhyāyaṇa- etc.; see

)

śri

cl.1 P. A1. (

) śrayati-, te- (perfect tense śiśr/āya-, śiśriy/e-; Aorist /aśret-, āśriyan-

; aśrait-

; /aśiśriyat-

etc.; aśrāyiṣṭa- grammar [Ved. forms belonging either to the perfect tense or Aorist type are also aśiśret-, śrema-, śrayuḥ-, śiśrīt/a-]; future śrayitā- grammar; śrayiṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood śrayitum-

; śrayitav/ai-

; ind.p. śrayitvā-

etc., -śr/itya-

etc.) P. to cause to lean or rest on, lay on or in, fix on, fasten to, direct or turn towards, (especially) spread or diffuse (light or radiance or beauty) over (locative case)

; (A1.or Passive voice,rarely P.) to lean on, rest on, recline against (accusative), cling to (locative case), be supported or fixed or depend on, abide in or on (accusative locative case or adverb)

; (A1. P.) to go to, approach, resort or have recourse to (for help or refuge) , tend towards (accusative)

etc. ; (A1.) to go into, enter, fall to the lot or take possession of (accusative or locative case)

; (A1. P.) to attain, undergo, get into any state or condition (accusative)

etc. ; to assume (with śrāvikā-tvam-,"to assume the form of a śrāvikā-", q.v)

; to show, betray (heroism)

; to honour, worship

: Passive voice śrīyate- (Aorist /aśrāyi-: confer, compare above)

etc. etc.: Causal śrāpayati- (in uc-chr-)

; śrāyayati- (Aorist aśiśrayat-;for aśiśriyat-See above) grammar : Desiderative śiśrayiṣati-, te- or śiśrīṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive śeśrīyate-, śeśrayīti-, śeśreti-

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin clino,clivus; Lithuanian szly4ti,szle14ti,szlai4tas; Gothic hlains;hlaiw; German hline7n,line7n,lehnen; Anglo-Saxon hlinian; English lean.]

stambha

m. Name of a particular adhyāya-

Va1rtt. 1

stambhīya

mfn. (said of a particular adhyāya-)

Va1rtt. 1.

strīkarman

n. Name of the 2nd part of the 4th adhyāya- of the kauśika-.

styai

cl.1 P. styāyati-, to be collected into a heap or mass

; to spread about

; to sound

; cl.1 A1. styāyate- (pr. p. styāna- q.v; ind.p. -styāya-;See ni-ṣṭyai-), to stiffen, grow dense, increase

styāya

See saṃ-styāya-.

sumaṅgalī

f. (saṃjñāyām-) gaRa gaurādi-

sūryayama

See sauryayāma-.

sutemanas

m. Name of a preceptor (having the patronymic śāṇḍilyāyana-).

śvacakra

n. "chapter on dogs", Name of the 89th adhyāya- of

svādhīna

svādhyāya- etc. See .

svādhyāya

Nom. P. yāyati-, to study, recite, read to (accusative)

svādhyāyinikā

f. equals svādhyāyanikā-

svākṣapāda

m. a follower of the nyāya- philosophy

svāmin

m. of the muni- vātsyāyana-

śvi

(connected with śū-;sometimes written śvā-) cl.1 P. (

) śv/ayati- (perfect tense śiśvāya-,or śuśāva- grammar; Aorist /aśvat-

, aśvayīt-

; preceding śūyāt- grammar; future śvayitā-, śvayiṣyati-

; infinitive mood śv/ayitum-

), to swell, grow, increase

etc.: Passive voice śūyate- (Aorist aśvāyi-) idem or ' wrong reading for śvaśurya- '

: Causal śvāyayati- (Aorist aśiśvayat-[

]or aśūśavat-) idem or ' wrong reading for śvaśurya- ' grammar : Desiderative of Causal śiśvāyayiṣati- or śuśāvayiṣati-

: Desiderative śiśvayiṣati-

: Intensive śeśvīyate- (

), śośūyate- ; śeśvayīti-, śeśveti-, to swell much.

śyai

cl.1 P. śyāyati-, to cause to congeal or freeze

; (A1.) śyāyate- (grammar also perfect tense śaśye-; Aorist aśyāsta-; future śyātā-, śyāsyate-), to go, move

: Passive voice śīyate-, to congeal, freeze, be cold

: Causal śyāpayati- grammar : Desiderative śiśyāsate-

: Intensive śāśyāyate-, śāśyeti-, śāśyāti-

taddhita

m. (scilicet pratyaya-) an affix forming nouns from other nouns (opposed to 1. kṛt-), noun formed thus, derivative noun (tad-dhita- mfn."good for that or him", is one of the meanings peculiar to derivative, nouns see maudakika-etc.)

(also ataddhita a--t/ad-dhita- negative mfn."having no taddhita- affix")

tadrāja

m. (scilicet pratyaya-) an affix added to the Name of a race for forming the Name of its chief

tājika

n. equals jaka- (exempli gratia, 'for example' -jyotir-maṇi-, -praśnādhyāya-, -śāstra-, kālarṃkāra-).

tarka

m. system or doctrine founded on speculation or reasoning, philosophical system (especially the nyāya- system, but applicable also to any of the six darśana- q.v)

tarkabhāṣā

f. Name of a nyāya- manual by keśava-bhaṭṭa-

tarkacandrikā

f. Name of an elementary exposition of the nyāya- philosophy

tarkapañcānana

m. Name of several writers on nyāya- philosophy

tarkasaṃgraha

m. Name of a manual of the vaiśeṣika- branch of the nyāya- philosophy by annam-bhaṭṭa-

tarkavāgīśa

m. Name of several writers on nyāya- philosophy

tārkṣyāyaṇabhakta

mfn. inhabited by the tārkṣyāyaṇa-s gaRa aiṣukāry-ādi-.

tasyāśitīya

mfn. beginning with tasyāśita- (an adhyāya-)

traiṃśa

n. a brāhmaṇa- containing 30 (triṃś/at-) adhyāya-s (

)

tṛcabhāgā

f. (scilicet ṛc-) verse 1. of the 1st, v. 2. of the 2nd, and v. 3. of the 3rd paryāya- of a tṛca-

tribhānu

m. Name of a descendant of yayāti- and father of karaṃ-dhama-

turvasu

m. (later form of śa-) Name of a son of yayāti- by devayānī- and brother of yadu-

uddeśa

m. (in nyāya- philosophy) enunciation of a topic (that is to be further discussed and elucidated)

upakhyā

Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be seen or perceived

upāṅga

n. a supplementary or additional work, secondary portion of a science

etc. (such as the purāṇa-s, the nyāya-, mīmāṃsā-, and the dharma-śāstra-s)

upanī

P. A1. -nayati-, -te- (

Potential -nayīta-

; parasmE-pada -n/ayamāna-

) to lead or drive near, bring near, bring, adduce, offer

; to bring information, communicate ; to lead or bring near to one's self, take possession of

; to lead, guide

; to lead or draw towards one's self (said of the Guru who, in the ceremony of initiation, draws the boy towards himself) ; to initiate into one of the twice-born classes by investing with the sacred thread etc. (only A1.

)

etc.

etc. ; to bring about, produce, cause

; to bring into any state, reduce to

etc. ; to take into one's service (only A1.

) : Causal -nāyayati-, to cause to initiate (a pupil)

upapā

Caus. -pāyayati-, to give to drink

and

upasaṃvye

A1. (imperative 2. sg. -s/am-vyayasva-) to wrap up or envelop one's self in (accusative)

upāsana

f(ā-)n. homage, adoration, worship (with rāmānuja-s, consisting of five parts, viz. abhigamana- or approach, upādāna- or preparation of offering, ijyā- or oblation, svādhyāya- or recitation, and yoga- or devotion)

etc.

upasmṛti

f. a minor law-book (the following authors of such books are named jābāli-, nāciketa-, skanda-, laugākṣin-, kaśyapa-, vyāsa-, sanatkumāra-, śatarju-, janaka-, vyāghra-, kātyāyana-, jātūkarṇya-, kapiñjala-, baudhāyana-, kaṇāda-, and viśvāmitra-)

upavye

A1. -vyayate-, to put on or invest one's self with the sacred thread

uttaravallī

f. Name of the second section of the kāṭhakopaniṣad- (when divided into two adhyāya-s).

vācyāya

Nom. A1. vācyāyate-, to appear as if really expressed

vaiśeṣika

n. Name of the later of the two great divisions of the nyāya- school of philosophy (it was founded by kaṇāda-, and differs from the," nyāya- proper" founded by gautama-, in propounding only seven categories or topics instead of sixteen;and more especially in its doctrine of viśeṣa-,or eternally distinct nature of the nine substances, air, fire, water, earth, mind, ether, time, space, and soul, of which the first five, including mind, are held to be atomic)

vaiśeṣikasūtra

n. the aphorisms of the vaiśeṣika- (branch of the nyāya- philosophy, which have been commented on by a triple set of commentaries, and expounded in various works, of which the best known are the bhāṣā-pariccheda- with its commentary, called siddhānta-muktāvalī-, and the tarkasaṃgraha-)

vaiyāsikī

f. with nyāya-mālā- Name of work

vājasaneyisaṃhitā

f. "the saṃhitā- or continuous text of the vājasaneyin-s" (id est of the hymns of the White yajur-veda- ascribed to the ṛṣi- yājñavalkya- and called śukla-,"white", to distinguish it from the Black or Dark yajur-veda-, which was the name given to the taittirīya-saṃhitā- [q.v.] of the yajur-veda-, because in this last, the separation between the mantra- and brāhmaṇa- portion is obscured, and the two are blended together;whereas the White saṃhitā- is clearly distinguished from the brāhmaṇa-;it is divided into 40 adhyāya-s with 303 anuvāka-s, comprising 1975 sections or kaṇḍikā-s: the legend relates that the original yajus- was taught by the ṛṣi- vaiśampāyana- to his pupil yājñavalkya-, but the latter having incurred his teacher's anger was made to disgorge all the texts he had learnt, which were then picked up by vaiśampāyana-'s other disciples in the form of partridges [see taittirīya-saṃhitā-] yājñavalkya- then hymned the Sun, who gratified by his homage, appeared in the form of a vājin-or horse, and consented to give him fresh yajus- texts, which were not known to his former master; see vājin-)

vājasaneyisaṃhitopaniṣad

f. Name of an upaniṣad- (forming the 40th adhyāya- of the

and also called īśā- or īśā-vāsyopaniṣad- q.v)

vallabha

mf(ā-)n. of a grammarian and various other writers and teachers (also with gaṇaka-and nyāyācārya-)

vāmadeva

m. of a lawyer, a poet etc. (also with upādhyāya-and bhaṭṭā-cārya-)

vāpyāya

Nom. P., yate- (only pr. p. vāpyāyamāna-), to become or resemble a pond

vararuci

m. Name of a grammarian (also a poet, lexicographer, and writer on medicine, sometimes identified with kātyāyana-, the reputed author of the vārttika-s or supplementary rules of pāṇini-; he is placed by some among the nine gems of the court of vikramāditya-, and by others among the ornaments of the court of bhoja-; he was the author of the Prakrit grammar called prākṛta-prakāśa-, and is said to be the first grammarian who reduced the various dialects of Prakrit to a system)

vareṇyaya

Nom. yayati- (fr. varenya-)

varga

m. a section, chapter, division of a book, (especially) a subdivision of an adhyāya- in the ṛg-- veda- (which according to to the mere mechanical division, contains 8 āṣṭaka-s or 64 adhyāya-s or 2006 varga-s; see maṇḍala-) and a similar subdivision in the bṛhad-devatā-

vartin

m. the meaning of an affix (equals pratyayārtha-)

vārttika

n. an explanatory or supplementary rule, critical gloss or annotation (added to a grammatical or philosophical sūtra- and defined to be"the exposition of the meaning, of that which is said, of that which is left unsaid, and of that which is ill or imperfectly said";the term vārttika- is, however, especially applied to kātyāyana-'s critical annotations on the aphorisms of pāṇini-'s grammar, the object of which is to consider whether pāṇini-'s rules are correct or not, and to improve on them where this may be found to be necessary;and also to similar works on various matters by kumārila-, sureśvara- etc.; see tantra-v-, śloka-v-)

vārttikakāra

m. "composer of vārttika-s", Name of kātyāyana-, kumārila- etc.

vas

cl.1 P. (

) v/asati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense uvāsa-, ūṣuḥ-

etc.; parasmE-pada vāvasāna-

; -vāsāṃ cakre-

; Aorist avātsīt-

; avāksam-

[where it is artificially connected with vāc-]; avāstam-

; future vastā- grammar; vatsyati-, te-

etc.; vasiṣyati-

; infinitive mood vastum-, vasitum-

etc.; ind.p. uṣitv/ā-

; uṣṭvā-

; -/uṣya-

etc.), to dwell, live, stop (at a place), stay (especially "overnight" , with or without rātrim-or rātrīs-)

etc. ; to remain, abide with or in (with locative case of Persian; locative case or accusative of place, especially with vāsam-or vasatim-)

etc. ; to remain or keep on or continue in any condition (with a pp., exempli gratia, 'for example' with channa-,"to continue to be covered"

;or with an accusative,with brahmacaryam-,"to practise chastity"

;or with an adverb exempli gratia, 'for example' with sukham-,"to live pleasantly or at ease";with or without dūratas-,"to keep aloof")

etc. ; to have sexual intercourse with (locative case)

; to rest upon (locative case)

; to charge or entrust with (instrumental case)

; cl.10 P. vasayati-, to dwell

: Passive voice uṣyate- (Aorist avāsi-), to be dwelt etc.

etc.: Causal vās/ayati-, te- (confer, compare

; Aorist avīvasat-

: Passive voice vāsy/ate-

, ti-

), to cause to halt or stay (overnight), lodge, receive hospitably or as a guest

etc. ; to cause to have sexual intercourse with (locative case)

; to let anything stand overnight (with tisro-, scilicet ratrīs-,"three nights")

; to cause to wait, keep in suspense

; to delay, retard

; to cause to exist, preserve

; to cause to be inhabited, populate (a country)

; to put in, place upon (locative case)

(anadhyāyam mukhe-,to put restraint on the mouth, refrain from speaking) ; to produce

: Desiderative vivatsati-, to wish to dwell

: Intensive vāvasyate-, vāvasti-, to remain, be in, be engaged in

[ confer, compare Gothic wisan; German wësan,ge-wesen,waretc.; Anglo-Saxon wësan; English was,were.]

vātsāyana

wrong reading for vātsyāyana-.

vātsyāyana

m. Name of various authors (especially of the kāma-- sūtra-s and of the nyāya-bhāṣya-)

vātsyāyana

mf(ī-)n. relating to or composed by vātsyāyana-

vātsyāyanabhāṣya

n. Name of vātsyāyana-'s commentator or commentary on the nyāya-- sūtra-s.

vātsyāyanīya

n. a work composed by vātsyāyana- (especially the kāma-- sūtra-s)

(see ūy-) cl.1 P. A1. (

) v/ayati-, te- (perfect tense parasmE-pada vavau-or uvāya-;2. sg. uvayitha- grammar;3. plural vavuḥ-

; ūvuḥ-

; ūyuḥ-

; A1. vave-, ūve-, ūye- grammar; Aorist avāsīt-, avāsta- grammar; preceding ūyāt-, vāsīṣṭa-

; future vātā-

; vāsyati-, te-

; vayiṣy/ati-

; infinitive mood /otum-, /otave-, /otav/ai-

; v/ātave-

), to weave, interweave, braid, plait (figuratively to string or join together artificially, make, compose exempli gratia, 'for example' speeches, hymns)

etc. ; to make into a cover, into a web or web-like covering, overspread as with a web (said of a cloud-like mass of arrows filling the air)

: Passive voice ūyate- (Aorist avāyi-) grammar : Causal vāyayati-

: Desiderative vivāsati-, te-

: Intensive vāvāyate-, vāveti-, vāvāti-

vedārthapradīpikā

f. Name of work (by kātyāyana-- śiṣya-)

vedavratavidhi

m. (or -vratānāṃ-vidhi-) Name of a pariśiṣṭa- of kātyāyana-.

vī

cl.2 P. (

) veti- (according to to some in the conjug. tenses substituted for aj-;2. sg. v/eṣi-also as imperative

;3. plural vy/anti-

; subjunctive 2. 3. sg. ves-

; imperative vīh/i-, vītāt-

;3. plural viyantu-

; parasmE-pada A1. vyān/a-

; perfect tense vivāya-, vivye-

; Aorist avaiṣīt- grammar;3. plural aveṣan- subjunctive veṣat-

; future vetā-, veṣyati- infinitive mood vetum- grammar), to go, approach, (either as a friend id est"seek or take eagerly, grasp, seize, accept, enjoy", or as an enemy id est"fall upon, attack, assail, visit, punish, avenge")

; to set in motion, arouse, excite, impel

; to further, promote, lead or bring or help any one to (two accusative)

; to get, procure

: Passive voice -vīy/ate- etc.

: Causal vāyayati- or vāpayati- (Aorist avīvayat-), to cause to go or approach etc. ; to impregnate

: Desiderative vivīṣati- grammar : Intensive , See ā-vī- and vevī-. ([ confer, compare according to to some, Latin ve-nari; German weida,Weide,weiden.])

vī

( vi-- 5 i-) P. vy-eti- (3. plural viyanti-; imperfect tense vy-ait-; perfect tense vīyāya-; infinitive mood vy-etum-;for vyayati-, vyayayati-See vyay-), to go apart or in different directions, diverge, be diffused or scattered or distributed or divided or extended

etc. ; to be lost, perish, disappear

etc. ; to go through, traverse

: Intensive (or cl.4. A1.) vīyate-, to pass through, traverse

vibhāga

m. disjunction (opp. to saṃ-yoga-and regarded in nyāya- as one of the 24 guṇa-s)

vicchad

(1 chad-), Causal -cchādayati-, to uncover, unclothe (only

,as varia lectio for -cchāyayati-).

vicchāyaya

Nom. P. yayati-, to free from shadow, deprive of colour or lustre (-cchāyita-,colourless, pale)

; -cchāyī-kṛ- P. -karoti- idem or 'm. a jewel, gem '

viccho

( cho-), Causal -cchāyayati- to cut about, wound

(see vich-).

vidhā

f. form, manner, kind, sort

etc. (yayā kayā-cid vidhayā-,in whatsoever way, anyhow;often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see asmad-- evaṃ--, nānā-vidha-etc.)

vidyā

f. knowledge (see kāla-jāta-v-), science, learning, scholarship, philosophy

etc. etc. (according to some there are four vidyā-s or sciences, 1. trayī-,the triple veda-;2. ānvīkṣikī-,logic and metaphysics;3. daṇḍa-nīti-,the science of government;4. vārttā-,practical arts, such as agriculture, commerce, medicine etc.;and

adds a fifth, viz. ātma-vidyā-,knowledge of soul or of spiritual truth;according to others, vidyā- has fourteen divisions, viz. the four veda-s, the six vedāṅga-s, the purāṇa-s, the mīmāṃsā-. nyāya-, and dharma- or law;or with the four upa-veda-s, eighteen divisions;others reckon 33 and even 64 sciences[ equals kalās-or arts];Knowledge is also personified and identified with durgā-;she is even said to have composed prayers and magical formulas)

vijñā

P. A1. -jānāti-, -jānīte-, to distinguish, discern, observe, investigate, recognize, ascertain, know, understand

etc. etc. (with na-and infinitive mood"to know not how to") ; to have right knowledge,

; to become wise or learned

; to hear or learn from (genitive case)

; to recognize in (locative case)

; to look upon or regard or consider as (two accusative)

etc. ; to learn or understand that (two accusative or yat-)

etc. ; to explain, declare

: Passive voice -jñāyate-, to be distinguished or discerned etc. ; (especially 3. sg.,"it is known or understood"

;"it is recognized or prescribed", scilicet by authorities

;and in gram. mā vi-jñāyi-with preceding Nominal verb,"let this not be considered as") : Causal -jñapayati-, or -jñāpayati- (rarely te-; Aorist vy-ājijñapat-), to make known, declare, report, communicate

etc. ; to ask or request anything

; to declare or tell that (two accusative)

; to apprise, teach, instruct, ask, beg (with accusative of Persian;and dative case of thing, or with artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',or prati-and accusative)

etc. ; to inform of or about (two accusative)

: Passive voice (only Conditional vy-ajñāpayiṣyata-,with varia lectio ṣyat-), to become manifest, appear

: Desiderative of Causal See vi-jijñāpayiṣā- below (see also vi-jñīpsu-): Desiderative -jijñāsati-, te-, to wish to understand or know etc.

vilī

A1. -līyate- (perfect tense -lilyuh-

; future -letā-,or -lātā-; ind.p. -līya-or -lāya-

), to cling or cleave or adhere to

; to hide or conceal one's self, disappear

etc. ; to be dissolved, melt

etc. etc.: Causal -lāpayati- or -lāyayati- or -lālayati- or -līnayati- (

), to cause to disappear, destroy

; to cause to be dissolved or absorbed in (locative case)

; to make liquid, dissolve, melt

vinirjñā

(only Passive voice -jñāyate-), to distinguish, discern, find out

viparyāya

m. equals vi-paryaya-, reverse, contrariety

viruddha

n. Name of work on nyāya-

viśeṣapadārtha

m. (in nyāya-) the category of particularity (see above under viśeṣa-)

viśeṣoddeśa

m. (in nyāya-) a particular kind of enunciation

vismi

A1. -smayate- (mc. also P.), to wonder, be surprised or astonished at (instrumental case locative case,or ablative)

etc. ; to be proud of (instrumental case)

: Causal -smāyayati-, or -smāpayati-, te- (see

), to astonish, surprise

: Desiderative of Causal See vi-sismāpayiṣu-.

viṣṇugupta

m. "hidden by viṣṇu-", Name of the muni- vātsyāyana-

viśvanāthapañcānana

m. (also with bhaṭṭācārya-) Name of the author of the bhāṣāpariccheda- and of a commentator or commentary on the nyāya-sūtra- of gotama-

vitaṇḍā

f. cavil, captious objection, fallacious controversy, perverse or frivolous argument (especially in nyāya-,"idly carping at the arguments or assertions of another without attempting to prove the opposite side of the question"see

)

( vitaṇḍātva -tva- n. Scholiast or Commentator)

etc.

vṛddha

mfn. grown up, full-grown, advanced in years, aged, old, senior (often in compound with the names of authors, especially of authors of law-books[ see

] , to denote either an older recension of their works or the work of some older authors of the same name; see vṛddha-kātyāyana-, -garga-etc.)

etc.

vṛddha

m. and f(ā-). an elder male or female descendant, a patronymic or metron. designating an elder descendant (as opp. to yuvan- q.v; exempli gratia, 'for example' gārgya-is vṛddha-, gārgyāyaṇa-is yuvan-)

vṛddhakātyāyana

m. the older kātyāyana- or an older recension of kātyāyana-'s law-book

vṛddhi

f. profit from lending money etc., usury, interest

(the various kinds of interest recognized by Hindu lawyers are, 1. kāyikā vṛddhi-,"body-interest" id est either the advantage arising from the body of an animal pledged as security for a loan, or interest paid repeatedly without reducing the body or principal;2. kālikā v-,"time-interest" id est payable weekly, monthly, annually, etc., but most usually computed by the month;3. cakrav-,"wheel-interest" id est interest upon interest, compound interest;4. kāritā v-,"stipulated interest", at a rate higher than the usual legal rate;5. śikhā-v-,"interest growing like a lock of hair" id est at a usurious rate payable daily;6. bhoga-lābha-,"advantage [accruing to a creditor] from the use"of objects handed over to him as security exempli gratia, 'for example' of lands, gardens, animals, etc.:"lawful interest"is called dharma-v-,"usurious interest"a-nyāya-v-,"interest at the highest legal rate"parama-v-)

vrī

(see vri-and vlī-) cl.9 P. and cl.4 A1. vrīṇāti-, vriṇāti-, or vrīyate-,"to choose"or"to cover" (varaṇe-)

Causal vrayayati-, or vrepayati- grammar : Desiderative vivrīṣati-, te-: Intensive vevrīyate-, vevrayīti-, vevreti-

vṛt

cl.1 A1. (

) v/artate- (rarely ti-;in veda- also vavartti-and [once in

] vartti-; subjunctive vav/artat-, vavartati-, vavṛtat-; Potential vavṛtyāt-, vavṛtīya-; imperative vavṛtsva-; imperfect tense /avavṛtran-, tranta-; perfect tense vav/arta-, vavṛt/us-, vavṛt/e-

[here also vāvṛt/e-]etc.; Aorist avart-, avṛtran- subjunctive v/artat-, vartta-

; avṛtat-

etc.; avartiṣṭa- grammar;3. plural avṛtsata-

;2. sg. vartithās-

; preceding vartiṣīṣṭa- grammar; future vartitā- grammar; vartsy/ati-, te-

etc.; vartiṣyati-, te-

etc.; Conditional avartsyat-

; avartiṣyata- grammar; infinitive mood -v/ṛte-

; -v/ṛtas-

; vartitum-

etc.; ind.p. vartitvā-and vṛttvā- grammar; -v/ṛtya-

etc.; -v/artam-

etc.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears)

etc. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instrumental case"in a particular way or manner"), take place, occur, be performed, come off

etc. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na-,"to be not in one's right mind";with manasi-or hṛdaye-,"to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind";with mūrdhni-,"to be at the head of","to be of most importance"; kathaṃ vartate-with Nominal verb or kiṃ vartate-with genitive case,"how is it with?")

; to live on, subsist by (instrumental case or ind.p.),

etc. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām-,"it is long since we went")

; to depend on (locative case)

; to be in a particular condition, be engaged in or occupied with (locative case),

etc. ; to be intent on, attend to (dative case)

; to stand or be used in the sense of (locative case)

; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (locative case dative case,or accusative;also with itaretaram-or parasparam-,"mutually")

etc. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim-), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instrumental case or accusative) towards (locative case with parājñayā-,"to act under another's command";with prajā-rūpeṇa-,"to assume the form of a son";with priy/am-,"to act kindly";with svāni-,"to mind one's own business"; kim idam vartase-,"what are you doing there?")

etc. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dative case)

; to be or exist or live at a particular time, be alive or present (confer, compare vartamāna-, vartiṣyamāṇa-,and vartsyat-,p.925)

etc. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante-,"they continue to excel"; iti vartate me buddhiḥ-,"such continues my opinion")

etc. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes

; to originate, arise from (ablative) or in (locative case)

; to become

; to associate with (saha-)

; to have illicit intercourse with (locative case)

: Causal vart/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛtat-or avavartat-;in

also A1. avavarti-; infinitive mood vartay/adhyai-

; Passive voice vartyate-

), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl

etc. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill etc.)

; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears)

etc. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instrumental case), enter upon a course of conduct etc. (also with vṛttim-or vṛttyā-or vṛttena-;with bhaikṣeṇa-,"to live by begging"), conduct one's self, behave

etc. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare

; to begin to instruct (dative case)

; to understand, know, learn

; to treat

; (in law, with śiras-or śīrṣam-) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal

; "to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-)

: Desiderative v/ivṛtsati-, te- (

), vivartiṣate- (

) , to wish to turn etc.: Intensive (Vedic or Veda , rarely in later language) v/arvartti-, varīvartti-, varīvarty/ate-, varīvartate-, parasmE-pada v/arvṛtat- and v/arvṛtāna- imperfect tense 3. sg. avarīvar-, 3. plural avarīvur- (grammar also varivartti-, varīvṛtīti-, varvṛtīti-, varīvṛtyate-), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail

[ confer, compare Latin vertere; Slavonic or Slavonian vru8te8ti,vratiti; Lithuanian varty4ti; Gothic wai4rthan; German werden; English -ward.]

vya

(said to be an abbreviated form of a-vyaya-) a technical symbol for indeclinables such as ni-, cit-, svar-, etc.

vyapanī

P. -nayati- (infinitive mood -netum-,or -nayitum-), to lead or take away

; to drive away, remove, banish

etc. ; to pour out or away

; to take off, lay aside, get rid of (accusative)

etc.: Causal -nāyayati-, to cause to take away or remove

vyavahāramātṛkā

f. the material or matter of ordinary judicature, legal process in general, any act or subject relating to the formation of legal courts or the administration of justice (arranged under thirty heads in the beginning of the second book or vyavahārādhyāya- of the mitākṣarā- exempli gratia, 'for example' 1. vyavahāra-darśanani-,2. vyavahāra-lakṣaṇam-,3. sabhā-sadaḥ-,4. prāḍ-vivākādiḥ-,5. vyavahāra-viṣayah-,6. rājñaḥ kāryānutpādakatvam-,7. kāryārthini praśnaḥ-,8. āhvānānāhvāne-,9. āsedhah-,10. pratyarthiny āgatelekhyādi-kartavyatā-,11. pañca-vidho hīnaḥ-,12. kīdṛśaṃ lekhyam-,13. pakṣābhāsāḥ-,14. anadeyāḥ-,15. ādeyaḥ-,and fifteen others)

vyavahāramātṛkā

f. Name of work on dharma- (also called nyāya-m-) by jīmūta-vāhana-.

vyavaso

P. -syati- (Epic also -syate-[with act. and pass. meaning];1. sg. proper -sāmi-; Potential -seyam-, -set-; future -siṣyati-), to settle down or dwell separately

; to differ (in opinion), contest, quarrel

; to separate, divide (opp. to sam-as-)

; to determine, resolve, decide, be willing to (accusative dative case, artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',or infinitive mood)

etc. ; to settle, ascertain, be convinced or persuaded of take for (accusative)

etc. ; to ponder, reflect, consider

; to make strenuous effort, labour or seek after, make an attempt upon (accusative)

: Passive voice -sīyate-, to be settled or ascertained or fixed on or determined or decided (often impersonal or used impersonally)

etc.: Causal -sāyayati-, to cause to resolve, encourage to undertake, embolden

; to incite or instigate to (infinitive mood)

vyay

cl.1. P. A1. vyayati-, te- (rather Nom.fr. vyaya-below) , to expend, spend, waste

; cl.10 P. vyayayati- idem or ' vy-amla- See .'

; to go, move

vyay

(varia lectio for vyap-) cl.10 P. vyāyayati-, to throw

vyaya

mfn. (or vy-aya-,fr. 3. vi-+5. i-) passing away, mutable, liable to change or decay (only as opp. to or connected with a-vyaya-), Mn

vyayī

in compound for vyaya-.

vye

cl.1 P. A1. (

) vy/ayati-, te- (perfect tense P. vivyāya-,2. sg. vivyayitha- grammar;2. dual number vivyathus-

; A1. vivy/e-

-vyay/āṃ cakāra-

; Aorist avyat-, avyata-

; avyāsīt-, avyāsta- grammar; preceding vīyāt-, vyāsīṣṭa-

; future vyātā-

; vyāsyati-, te-

; vyayiṣye-

; ind.p. -v/īya-

etc.; -vāya- grammar), to cover, clothe, wrap, envelop (A1. also,"one's self")

: Pass. vīy/ate- (pr. p. vīy/amāna-), to be covered etc.

: Causal vyāyayati- grammar : Desiderative vivyāsati-, te-

; Intensive vevīyate-, vāvyeti-, vāvyāti-

yā

(collateral form of5. i-) cl.2 P. (

) y/āti- (1. plural yāmahe-

; imperfect tense 3. plural ayuḥ-

; ayān-

Scholiast or Commentator; perfect tense yay/au-, yay/ātha-, yay/a-, yay/uḥ-

etc.; yaye-

; Aorist ayāsam-or ayāsiṣam-; subjunctive y/āsat-, yeṣam-, yāsiṣat-

; preceding yāsiṣīṣṭhās-

; future yātā-

etc.; yāsyati-

; te-

; infinitive mood yātum-

etc.;Ved. infinitive mood y/ai-, y/ātave-or v/ai-; ind.p. yātv/ā-

; -y/āya-, -yāyam-

), to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey (often with instrumental case or accusative of the way, especially with gatim-, mārgam-, adhvānam-, panthānam-, padavīm-, yātrām-)

etc. ; to go away, withdraw, retire

etc. ; (also with palāyya-) to flee, escape

(with kṣemeṇa-or svasti-,to escape unscathed

) ; to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach

etc. etc. (with accusative often followed by prati- exempli gratia, 'for example' with gṛham-,to enter a house;with ripum prati-,to march against the enemy;with mṛgayām-,to go out hunting;with śirasāmahīm-,to bow down to the ground with the head;with prakṛtim-,to return to one's natural state;with karṇau-,to come to the ears, be heard;with utsavād utsavam-,to go from one festival to another;with hastam- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to fall into the hands of;with patham-or gocaram- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to come within range of; especially with the accusative of an abstract noun = to go to any state or condition, become, be exempli gratia, 'for example' vināśaṃ yāti-,he goes to destruction id est he is destroyed; kāṭhinyaṃ yāti-,it becomes hard; dveṣyatāṃ yāti-,he becomes hated;similarly nidhanaṃ-yā-,to die; nidrāṃ-yā-,to fall asleep; udayaṃ-yā-,to rise, said of stars etc.;sometimes also with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' yāhi rājñah sakāśe-,go into the presence of the king

;or even with dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' yayatuḥ sva-niveśāya-,both went home

; na cātmane kṛpaṇasya dhanaṃ yāti-,nor does the wealth of the miser go to [i.e. benefit] himself.

; phalebhyo yāti-,he goes to [fetch] fruits

Scholiast or Commentator) ; to go to for any request, implore, solicit (with two accusative)

; (with striyam-) to go to a woman for sexual intercourse

; to go to for any purpose (infinitive mood)

; often with adverbs exempli gratia, 'for example' with bahir-, to go out

; with adho-, to go down, sink

; with khaṇḍaśo- or dalaśo-, to fall to pieces

; with śata-dhā-, to fall into a hundred pieces

; to extend to (accusative)

; to last for (accusative)

; to pass away, elapse (said of time)

etc. ; to vanish, disappear (as wealth)

; to come to pass, prosper, succeed

; to proceed, behave, act

; to find out, discover

; to receive or learn (a science) from (ablative)

; to undertake, undergo (accusative)

; imperative yātu-, be it as it may

: Passive voice yāyate-, to be gone or moved

: Causal yāp/ayati- (Aorist ayīyapat-), to cause to depart, cause to go or march, dismiss

; to cause to go towards (accusative)

(see yāpita-) ; to direct (the gaze) towards (locative case)

(varia lectio pātayati-) ; to drive away remove, cure (a disease)

; to cause to pass or elapse, pass or spend (time)

etc. ; to live (pāli- yāpeti-)

; to cause to subsist, support, maintain

; to induce

: Desiderative yiyāsati-, to intend or be about to go, desire to proceed

etc.: Intensive īyāyate- (?) , to move

; yāyayate-, yāyeti-, yāyāti- grammar

yabh

cl.1 P. (

) y/abhati- (or A1. te-

; perfect tense yayābha- grammar; Aorist ayāpsīt-

; future -yapsy/ati-

; infinitive mood yabhitum-

, -yabdhum-

), to have sexual intercourse, futuere

etc. etc.: Desiderative yiyapsati-, te-, to desire sexual intercourse

yāc

cl.1 P. A1. (

) y/ācati-, te- (usually A1.in sense of"asking for one's self"; perfect tense yayāca- grammar, yayāce-

etc.; Aorist ayācīt-, ciṣṭa- subjunctive yāciṣat-, ṣāmahe-

; preceding yācyāt- grammar; future yācitā-

; yāciṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood yācitum-

etc.; ind.p. yācitvā-, -y/ācya-

etc.), to ask, beg, solicit, entreat, require, implore (with double accusative;or with ablative,rarely genitive case of Persian;the thing asked may also be in accusative with prati-,or in dative case,or in the beginning of a compound with arthe-,or artham-)

etc. ; (with p/unar-) to ask anything back

; (with kanyām-) to be a suitor for a girl, to ask a girl in marriage from (ablative,rarely accusative) or for (kṛte-or arthe-;also with vivāhārtham-)

etc. ; to offer or tender anything (accusative) to (dative case)

; to promise (?)

: Passive voice yācyate-, to be asked ("for", accusative;rarely of things)

etc. ; Causal yāc/ayati- (te-

; Aorist ayayācat-

), to cause to ask or woo

; to request anything (accusative) for (arthe-)

: Desiderative yiyāciṣate-

Va1rtt. 3

: Intensive yāyācyate-, yāyākti- grammar

yadu

m. Name of an ancient hero (in the veda- often mentioned together with turvaśa- [or turvasu-] q.v,and described as preserved by indra- during an inundation;in epic poetry he is a son of yayāti- and brother of puru- and turvasu-, kṛṣṇa- being descended from yadu-, and bharata- and kuru- from puru-; yadu- is also called a son of vasu-, king of cedi-, or a son of hary-aśva-)

yaj

cl.1 P. A1. (

) y/ajati-, te- (1. sg. yajase-

; Vedic or Veda imperative y/akṣi-or ṣva-; perfect tense iyāja-

; īj/e-

; yej/e-[?]

confer, compare

; Vedic or Veda Aorist ayākṣīt-or ayāṭ-; ayaṣṭa-; subjunctive yakṣat-, yakṣati-, te-;3. sg. ayakṣata-

; preceding ijyāt-

; yakṣīya-

; future yaṣṭā-

; yakṣyati-, y/ate-

etc.; infinitive mood y/aṣṭum-, ījitum-

; Vedic or Veda ṭave-; y/ajadhyai-or yaj/adhyai-; past participle iṣṭa- ind.p. iṣṭv/ā-

; iṣṭvīnam-

; -ijya- grammar; y/ājam-

), to worship, adore, honour (especially with sacrifice or oblations) ; to consecrate, hallow, offer (with accusative,rarely dative case locative case or prati-,of the deity or person to whom; dative case of the person for whom, or the thing for which;and instrumental case of the means by which the sacrifice is performed;in older language generally P.of agni- or any other mediator, and A1.of one who makes an offering on his own account confer, compare y/aja-māna-;later properly P.when used with reference to the officiating priest, and A1.when referring to the institutor of the sacrifice)

etc. ; to offer id est to present, grant, yield, bestow

; (A1.) to sacrifice with a view to (accusative)

; to invite to sacrifice by the yājyā- verses

: Passive voice ijyate- (parasmE-pada Vedic or Veda ijyamāna-or yajyamāna-

; Epic also pr. p. ijyat-), to be sacrificed or worshipped

etc.: Causal yāj/ayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist ayīyajat-), to assist any one (accusative) as a priest at a sacrifice (instrumental case)

; to cause any one (accusative) to sacrifice anything (accusative) or by means of any one (instrumental case)

: Desiderative y/iyakṣati-, te- (confer, compare /iyakṣati-), to desire to sacrifice or worship

: Intensive yāyajyate-, yāyajīti-, yāyaṣṭi-

[ confer, compare Zend yaz; Greek ,.]

yajñapati

m. of an author (also with upādhyāya-)

yam

cl.1 P. (

) y/acchati- (Vedic or Veda also te-,and Vedic or Veda Epic y/amati-, te-; perfect tense yayāma-, yeme-;2. sg. yayantha-,3. plural yem/uḥ-, yemir/e-

etc.;3. dual number irreg. -yamatuḥ-

; Aorist /ayān-, /ayamuh-; imperative yaṃsi-, yandh/i-; Potential yamyās-, yamīmahi-

; /ayāṃsam-, ayāṃsi-, /ayaṃsta- subjunctive yaṃsat-, satas-, sate-

;3. sg. -y/amiṣṭa-

; ayaṃsiṣam- grammar; future yantā-

; yaṃsyati-, yamiṣyati-

etc. infinitive mood y/antum-, yamitum-

; y/antave-, y/amitav/ai-

; ind.p. yatvā-, yamitvā-

etc.; y/atya-

; -yamya-

; -y/amam-

), to sustain, hold, hold up, support (A1."one's self";with locative case"to be founded on")

; to raise, wield (a weapon etc.; A1.with āyudhaih-,"to brandish weapons")

; to raise, extend or hold (as a screen etc.) over (dative case)

; (A1.) to extend one's self before (dative case)

; to raise (the other scale), weigh more

; to stretch out, expand, spread, display, show

; to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, control

etc. ; to offer ; confer, grant, bestow on (dative case or locative case), present with (instrumental case)

etc. ; (with mārgam-), to make way for (genitive case)

; (with prati-and ablative), to give anything in exchange for anything

; (A1.) to give one's self up to, be faithful to, obey (dative case)

; to raise, utter (a sound etc.)

; to fix, establish

; (A1.) to be firm, not budge

; to catch fire

(Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice yamy/ate- (Aorist /ayā-mī-), to be raised or lifted up or held back or restrained

etc. etc.: Causal yāmayati- (

), yamayati- (

etc.; te-

; Aorist ayīyamat-), to restrain, hold in, control, keep or put in order: Desiderative yiyaṃsati-, to wish to restrain etc.

: Intensive yaṃyamīti- (See ud-yam-) or yaṃyamyate- (

, Va1rtt. 2

) ([ confer, compare Greek ,"restraint, punishment."])

yas

cl.4 P. (

) yāsyati- (rarely yasati- confer, compare

; imperative -yayastu-

; grammar also perfect tense yayāsa-; Aorist ayasat-; future yasitā-, yasiṣyati-; infinitive mood yasitum-; ind.p. yasitvā-,or yastvā-), to froth up, foam

(confer, compare yeṣ-) ; to heat or exert one's self

; to strive after (dative case)

(varia lectio): Causal yāsayati- (Aorist ayīyasat-) grammar : Desiderative yiyasiṣati-

: Intensive yāyasyate-, yāyasti-

[Ct. Greek etc.]

yat

cl.1 A1. (prob. connected with yam-and originally meaning,"to stretch"

) y/atate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also P. ti-; parasmE-pada y/atamāna-, y/atāna-and yatān/a-

; perfect tense yete-,3. plural yetire-

etc.; Aorist ayatiṣṭa-

; future yatiṣyate-

, ti-

; infinitive mood yatitum-

; ind.p. -y/atya-

), (P.) to place in order, marshal, join, connect

; (P.or A1.) to keep pace, be in line, rival or vie with (instrumental case)

; (A1.) to join (instrumental case), associate with (instrumental case), march or fly together or in line

; to conform or comply with (instrumental case)

; to meet, encounter (in battle)

; to seek to join one's self with, make for, tend towards (locative case)

; to endeavour to reach, strive after, be eager or anxious for (with locative case dative case accusative with or without prati-,once with genitive case;also with arthe-, arthāya-, artham-and hetos- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound';or with infinitive mood)

etc. ; to exert one's self, take pains, endeavour, make effort, persevere, be cautious or watchful

; to be prepared for (accusative)

: Causal (or cl.10.

) yāt/ayati- (or te-; Aorist ayīyatat-; Passive voice yātyate-), to join, unite (A1.intrans.)

; to join or attach to (locative case) P.

; to cause to fight

; to strive to obtain anything (accusative) from (ablative)

; (rarely A1.) to requite, return, reward or punish, reprove (as a fault)

etc. ; (A1.) to surrender or yield up anything (acc) to (accusative or genitive case)

; (P. A1.) to distress, torture, vex, annoy

; according to to

also nikāre- (others nirākāre-or khede-) and upaskāre-: Desiderative yiyatiṣate- grammar : Intensive yāyatyate- and yāyatti-

yātavya

mfn. to be gone or marched (n. impersonal or used impersonally)

( yātavyāya vyāya- ind.for departure

; yātavyatā -tā- f.the necessity for setting out on a journey

)

yāyāta

mf(ī-)n. (fr. yayāti-) relating or belonging to yayāti-

yāyāta

n. the history of yayāti- (Name of chapter of

)

yayāti

m. (prob. fr. yat-) Name of a celebrated monarch of the lunar race (son of king nahuṣa- whom he succeeded;from his two wives came the two lines of the lunar race, yadu- being the son of devayānī-, daughter of uśanas- or śukra-, and puru- of śarmiṣṭhā-, daughter of vṛṣa-parvan-; yayāti- nāhuṣa- is also represented as the author of

)

yayāticarita

n. "the story of yayāti-", Name of a nāṭaka- (by rudra-deva-).

yayātika

m. (mc.) equals yayāti-

yāyātika

m. one conversant with the history of yayāti-

yayātipatana

n. "fall of yayāti-", Name of a place of pilgrimage

yayātivat

ind. like yayāti-

yayātivijaya

m. " yayāti- victory", Name of work

yayāvara

varia lectio for yāyāvar/a-.

yudhiṣṭhira

m. (with mahopādhyāya-) of a preceptor

yugavyāvat

wrong reading for -vyāyatā-

commentator or commentary

yūpalakṣaṇa

n. Name of the 1st pariśiṣṭa- of kātyāyana-.

Apte Search

32 results


atyayaḥ	अत्ययः [इ-अच्] 1 (a) passing away, lapse; काल˚ आधिश्चोपनिधिश्चोभौ न कालात्ययमर्हतः Ms.8.145. (b) End, conclusion, termination, absence, disappearance; तपात्यये Ku.4.44.5.23; शिशिरात्ययस्य पुष्पोच्चयः 3.61; आतप˚ R.1.52. -2 Complete disappearance, death, destruction, passing away, perishing; पितुरत्ययात् Dk.64. -3 Danger, risk, harm, injury, evil; जीवितात्ययमापन्नः Ms. 1.14 the life being in danger or jeopardy; प्राणानामेव चात्यये 5.27; प्राणात्यये च संप्राप्ते Y.1.179, Ms.6.68,8:69; पुत्रदारात्ययं प्राप्तः 1.99 (Kull. क्षुदवसन्नपुत्रकलत्रः). -4 Suffering, misery, difficulty, distress. -5 Guilt, fault, offence, transgression; क्षत्रियस्यात्यये दण्डो भागाद्दशगुणो भवेत Ms.8.243; दाप्यो$ष्टगुणमत्ययं 8.4 should be made to pay as a fine for his offence. -6 Attack, assault साहसस्तेयपारुष्यगो$भिशापात्यये Y.2.12. -7 Overcoming, mastering mentally, comprehending; बुद्धिश्च ते लोकैरपि दुरत्यया Rām. -8 Overstepping; क्षुरस्य धारा निशिता दुरत्यया Kena. Up. -9 A class kind. cf. अशुभे चापदि स्मृतः । अत्ययो$ तिक्रमे कृच्छ्रे दोषे दण्डविनाशयोः । Nm.

atyaya	अत्यय अत्ययिक &c. See under अती.

adhyayaḥ	अध्ययः [इ-भावे अच्] 1 Learning, study; remembrance. -2 = अध्याय, q. v.

adhyayanam	अध्ययनम् 1 [इ-ल्युट्] Learning, study, reading (especially the Vedas); one of the six duties of a Brāhmaṇa. The study of the Vedas is allowed to the first 3 classes, but not to a Śūdra Ms.1.88.91. अध्ययनं च अक्षरमात्रपाठ इति वैदिकाः, सार्थाक्षरग्रहणमिति मीमांसकाः; the latter view is obviously correct; cf. यथा पशुर्भारवाही न तस्य भजते फलम् । द्विजस्तथार्थानभिज्ञो न वेदफलमश्रुते ॥ or better still Yāska's Nirukta : स्थाणुरयं भारहारः किलाभूदधीत्य वेदं न विजानाति यो$र्थम् । यो$र्थज्ञ इत् (अर्थविद्) सकलं भद्रमश्रुते नाकमेति ज्ञानविधूतपाप्मा ॥ See also under अनग्नि. -2 Muttering प्रणव mantra; वीतरागा महाप्रज्ञा ध्यानाध्ययनसम्पदा Mb. 12.3.49. (अध्ययनं प्रणवजपः इति टीका) -3 Teaching; कृत्वा चाध्ययनं तेषां शिष्याणां शतमुत्तमम् Mb.12.318.17 see अध्यापनम्.

adhyaya	अध्यय अध्ययनम् &c. See under अधी.

anapavyayat	अनपव्ययत् a. Ved. Not letting go; able.

anupātyayaḥ	अनुपात्ययः 1 Not to violate a turn or succession. -2 To do something by turn. -3 Turn, succession. क्रमप्राप्तस्यानतिपातो$नुपात्ययः, परिपाटी । Kāśi. on P.III.3.38.

apavyayaḥ	अपव्ययः [अपकृष्टः मर्यादामुल्लङ्घ्य कृतः व्ययः] Extravagant expenditure, prodigality, lavishness. अपव्ययिन् apavyayin व्ययमान vyayamāna अपव्ययिन् व्ययमान a. 1 Squandering, spending lavishly; prodigal. -2 Denying a debt; अर्थे$पव्ययमानं तु करणेन विभावितम् Ms.8.51.

apyayaḥ	अप्ययः 1 Approaching, meeting, joining, juncture. -2 Pouring out (of rivers). -3 Entrance into, vanishing, disappearance; absorption, dissolution into oneself, destruction; सर्गस्थित्यप्ययेशस्य गुणकर्मानुवर्णनम् Bhāg.7.1.44.

apyayanam	अप्ययनम् 1 Union, junction. -2 Copulation.

apyaya	अप्यय &c. see under अपी.

apratyaya	अप्रत्यय a. 1 Diffident, distrustful (with loc.); बलवदपि शिक्षितानामात्मन्यप्रत्ययं चेतः Ś.1.2. -2 Having no knowledge. -3 (In gram.) Having no affix. -यः 1 Diffidence, distrust, disbelief, doubt; क्षेत्रमप्रत्ययानाम् Pt. 1.191. -2 Not being understood. -3 Not an affix; अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम् ॥ P.I.2.45. -Comp. -स्थ a. (in gram.) not pertaining to an affix.

abhyayaḥ	अभ्ययः 1 Going over, approach, arrival. -2 Entering. -3 Setting (of the sun).

abhyaya	अभ्यय See under अभी.

upātyayaḥ	उपात्ययः 1 Transgression of, deviation from, established customs. -2 Disorderly conduct, rudeness.

gavyaya	गव्यय a. Ved. Belonging to or coming from a cow; गव्ययी त्वग्भवति निर्णिगव्ययी Rv.9.7.7.

nyayaḥ	न्ययः Loss, destruction; decay.

parivyayaḥ	परिव्ययः 1 Cost; क्रयविक्रयमध्वानं भुक्तं च सपरिव्ययम् । योगक्षेमं च संप्रेक्ष्य वणिजो दापयेत् करान् ॥ Ms.7.127. -2 Condiment, spices; ibid.

paryayaḥ	पर्ययः 1 Revolution, lapse, expiration; कालपर्ययात् Mb.3.179.19; Y.3.217; Ms.1.3;11.27; युगसाहस्र- पर्ययः (कल्पः) Bhāg.8.13.36. -2 Waste or loss (of time); मा भूत् कालस्य पर्ययः Rām.1.22.12. -3 Change, alteration. -4 Inversion; confusion, irregularity. -5 Deviation from customary observances, neglect of duty. -6 Opposition. -7 Loss, destruction; पक्ष्मणो$पि निपातेन येषां स्यात् स्कन्धपर्ययः Mb.12.15.26.

paryayaṇam	पर्ययणम् 1 Walking round, circumambulation. -2 A horse's saddle.

palyayanam	पल्ययनम् 1 A saddle. -2 A rein, bridle.

pratyayaḥ	प्रत्ययः 1 Conviction, settled belief; मूढः परप्रत्ययनेयबुद्धिः; M.1.2; संजातप्रत्ययः Pt.4. -2 Trust, reliance, faith, confidence; रक्षन् प्रत्ययमात्मनः Rām.3.9.19; बलवदपि शिक्षितानामात्मन्यप्रत्ययं चेतः Ś.1.2; Ku.6.2; Śi.18.63; Bh.3.6; प्रत्ययार्थं हि लोकानामेवमेव मया कृतम् Abhiṣeka. 6.29. -3 Conception, idea, notion, opinion. -4 Surety, certainty; प्रत्ययार्थं ततः सीता विवेश ज्वलनं तदा Rām.7.45. 7. -5 Knowledge, experience, cognition; स्थानप्रत्ययात् Ś.7 'judging by the place'; so आकृतिप्रत्ययात् M.1; Me.8. -6 A cause, ground, means of action; स्वकर्म- प्रत्ययाँल्लोकान् मत्वा$र्जुनमब्रवीत् Mb.13.1.77; अपेक्षते प्रत्ययमुत्तमं त्वाम् Ku.3.18. -7 Celebrity, fame, renown. -8 A termination, an affix or suffix; केवलं दधति कर्तृवाचिनः प्रत्ययानिह न जातु कर्मणि Śi.14.66. -9 An oath. -1 A dependant. -11 A usage, practice. -12 A hole. -13 Intellect, understanding (बुद्धि). -14 An assistant or associate. -15 An epithet of Viṣṇu; नामरूपे भगवती प्रत्यय- स्त्वमपाश्रयः Bhāg.6.19.14. -16 (With Buddhists) A co-operating cause. -17 An instrument, a means of agency. -18 Religious contemplation. -19 A householder who keeps a sacred fire. -2 Function of the organs (इन्द्रियवृत्ति); सर्वेन्द्रियगुणद्रष्ट्रे सर्वप्रत्ययहेतवे Bhāg.8.3. 14. -Comp. -कारकः, -कारिन् a. producing assurance, convincing. (-णी) a seal, signet-ring.

prādhyayanam	प्राध्ययनम् Reading, studying.

viparyaya	विपर्यय a. Reversed, inverted, perverse; यदा वृश्चिका- दिषु पञ्चसु वर्तते तदाहोरात्राणि विपर्ययाणि भवन्ति Bhāg.5.21.5. -यः 1 Contrariety, reverse, inversion; आहितो जयविपर्ययो$पि मे श्लाध्य एव परमेष्ठिना त्वया R.11.86. स्वशरीरशरीरिणावपि श्रुतसंयोगविपर्ययौ यदा 8.89; नभसः स्फुटतारस्य रात्रेरिव विपर्ययः (न भाजनम्) Ki.11.44; विपर्यये तु Ś.5 'if it be otherwise', if contrary be the case; विपर्यये त्वस्याधिपतेरुल्लङ्घितः क्षात्रधर्मः स्यात् Ve.5. -2 Change (of purpose, dress &c.); कथमेत्य मतिर्विपर्ययं करिणी पङ्कमिवावसीदति Ki.2.6; so वेषविपर्ययः Pt.1. -3 Absence or non-existence; समुद्रगारूपविपर्यये$पि Ku.7.42; त्यागे श्लाघाविपर्ययः R.1.22. -4 Loss; राघवाणा- मयुक्तो$यं कुलस्यास्य विपर्ययैः Rām.1.21.2; निद्रा संज्ञाविपर्ययः Ku.6.44 'loss of consciousness'. -5 Complete destruction, annihilation; दुःशासनवधं श्रुत्वा कर्णस्य च विपर्ययम् Mb. 11.1.16; Rām.7.6.5. -6 Exchange, barter. -7 Error, trespass, mistake, misapprehension. -8 A calamity, misfortune, adverse fate; प्रियं त्वत्कृतमिच्छामि मम गर्भविपर्यये Rām.1.47.3. -9 Hostility, enmity. -1 Perverseness, opposition. -11 The destruction of the world (प्रलय); हरिं विशन्ति स्म शरा लोका इव विपर्यये Rām.7. 7.4. -12 Misapprehension; भयं द्वितीयाभिनिवेशतः स्यादीशा- दपेतस्य विपर्ययो$स्मृतिः Bhāg.11.2.37; Mv.3.35.

vipratyayaḥ	विप्रत्ययः Distruct; यदि विप्रत्ययो ह्येष तदिदं दर्शयाम ते Mb.12.111.55.

vyatyayaḥ	व्यत्ययः 1 Passing over. -2 Opposition, contrariety. -3 Inverted order, inversion; वेणुसंघर्षजो बह्निर्दग्ध्वा शाम्यति तद्वनम् । एवं गुणव्यत्ययजो देहः शाम्यति तत्क्रियः ॥ Bhāg.11.13.7. -4 Interchange, transmutation. -5 Obstruction, hindrance; अभक्ष्ये बहुदोषः स्यात्तस्मात् कार्यो न व्यत्ययः Pt.4.57. -यम् ind. Alternately.

vyaya	व्यय a. Liable to change, mutable, pershable; cf. अव्यय; सूक्ष्माभ्यो मूर्तिमात्राभ्यः संभवत्यव्ययाद् व्ययम् Ms.1.19. -यः 1 (a) Loss, disappearance, destruction; आपाद्यते न व्ययमन्तरायैः कच्चिन्महर्षेस्त्रिविधं तपस्तत् R.5.5;12.23. (b) Cost, sacrifice; प्राणव्ययेनापि मया विधेयः Māl.4.5; Ku.3.23. -2 Hindrance, obstacle; भूयस्तपोव्ययो मा भूत् R.15.37. -3 Decay, decline, overthrow, downfall. -4 Expenditure, expense, outlay, spending, applying to use (opp. आय); आये दुःखं व्यये दुःखं धिगर्थाः कष्टसंश्रयाः Pt.1.163; आया- धिकं व्ययं करोति 'he lives beyond his means'; R.5.12; 15.3; Ms.9.11. -5 Extravagance, prodigality. -6 wealth, money; भक्तावकाशाग्न्युदकमन्त्रोपकरणव्ययान् Y.2.276. -7 (In gram.) Inflection, declension. -Comp. -करणः, -करणकः a paymaster. -गुण a. prodigal, spendthrift. -पर a. lavish in expenditure; राजा व्ययपरो नित्यम् Pt.5.61. -पराङ्मुख a. stingy, niggardly; Y.1.83. -शील a. spendthrift, prodigal. -शुद्धिः f. defraying of expenses. -शेषः net balance that remains after expenditure; बाह्यं चाभ्यन्तरं चायं विद्याद् वर्षशतादपि । यथा पृष्टो न सज्येत व्ययशेषे च दर्शयेत् Kau. A.2.5. -सह a. inexhaustible.

vyayanam	व्ययनम् 1 Spending. -2 Wasting, destroying.

saparivyaya	सपरिव्यय a. With condiments (as food); Ms.7.127.

sapratyaya	सप्रत्यय a. 1 Placing confidence in. -2 Certain, sure.

saṃpratyayaḥ	संप्रत्ययः 1 Firm conviction. -2 Agreement; त्रयाणा- मेकवाक्ये संप्रत्ययः Kau. A.1.12; एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु यथासंप्रत्ययं कविः Mb.1.149.1. -3 Notion, idea.

hiraṇyaya	हिरण्यय a. (-यी f.) Golden.

Macdonell Vedic Search

1 result

Yá, rel. prn. who, which, that: N. yás, i. 35, 6; 154, 12. 3. 4; 160, 4; ii. 12, 1-7. 9-15; 33, 5. 7; iii. 59, 2. 7; iv. 50, 1. 7. 9; vi. 54, 1. 2. 4; vii. 61, 1; 63, 1. 3; vii. 71, 4; 86, 1; viii. 48, 102. 12; x. 14, 5; 34, 12; 129, 7; f. yá̄, iv. 50, 3; n. yád, i. 1, 6; ii. 35, 15; vii. 61, 2; 63, 2; 103, 5. 7; x. 15, 6; 90, 23. 12; 129, 1. 3. 4; 135, 7; with kíṃ ca whatever, v. 83, 9; A. yám, i. 1, 4; ii. 12, 5. 7. 9; 35, 11; viii. 48, 1; x. 135, 3. 4; I. yéna, i. 160, 5; ii. 12, 4; iv. 51, 4; f. yáyā, iv. 51, 6; Ab. yásmād, ii. 12, 9; G. yásya, i. 154, 2; ii. 12, 1. 74. 142; 35, 7; v. 83, 43; vii. 61, 2; x. 34, 4; f. yásyās, x. 127, 4; L. yásmin, iv. 50, 8; x. 135, 1; du. yáu, x. 14, 11; pl. N. yé, i. 35, 11; 85, 1. 4; iv. 50, 2; x. 14, 3. 10; 15, 1-4. 8-10. 132. 142; 90, 7. 8; with ké whatever, x. 90, 10; f. yá̄s, vii. 49, 1. 2. 3; n. yá̄ni, ii. 33, 13; yá̄, i. 85, 12; ii. 33, 183; iv. 50, 9; vii. 86, 5; A. m. yá̄n, x. 14, 3; 15, 132; G. f. yá̄sām, vii. 49, 3; L. f. yá̄su, iv. 51, 7; vii. 49, 44; 61, 5.

Macdonell Search

34 results


ativiparyaya	m. great perversity; -vipina, a. very well wooded; -vipra karsha, m. excessive distance; -vimanas, a. greatly discouraged.

ativyaya	m. lavish expenditure, extra vagance; -vyasana, n. great calamity; -vyasanin, a. overpowered by vice; -vyut panna, pp. very experienced in (lc.); -vrata, a. excessively pious.

atyaya	m. passing away, lapse; end; risk, jeopardy, danger; fault, transgression.

adhyayana	n. [going to a teacher], study, reading (esp. of sacred books); learning from (ab.); -sampradâna, n. guidance in study; -½âdâna, n. receiving instruction from (ab.).

anadhyayana	n. neglect of study.

apyaya	m. entrance, disappearance; end.

apratyaya	m. distrust; a. distrust ful of (lc.); inspiring distrust.

aviparyaya	m. no transposi tion; no error; -âsa, m. no inversion: in. with out inversion.

aviparyaya	den. P. not to fail.

avyaya	m. non-expenditure; a. imperishable, immutable; stingy; n. indeclinable word: -tva, n. imperishableness; -½ât man, a. of imperishable nature; î-bhâva, m. indeclinable compound.

upratyaya	m. suffix u.

tapātyaya	m. (end of the heat), rainy season; -½anta, m. id.

nyayana	n. entry, gathering-place.

parivyaya	m. condiment; -vrag- yâ, f. strolling, wandering from place to place; sp. religious mendicancy; -vrâg, m. (nm. t) wandering ascetic, religious mendi cant: -aka, m., -ikâ, f. mendicant devotee (man or woman of the fourth or last religious order).

paryaya	m. revolution, expiration (of a period); change, alteration.

parvātyaya	m. end of an eclipse; -½âsphota, m. cracking of the fingers.

pratyayasarga	m. intellectual creation.

pratyayanam	ad. every year.

pratyaya	m. [going or turning to, recourse], confidence, trust, belief, faith, in (g., lc., --°ree;); conviction, certainty; proof, as certainment; assumption; solution, explana tion; conception, notion, idea; cause; ordeal; following letter (gr.); suffix (gr.): -kâraka, a. causing confidence, trustworthy; -dhâtu, m. (suffix-root), denominative base (gr.).

madātyaya	m. excess of intoxi cation, delirium tremens; -½andha, a. blind with intoxication, dead-drunk; blind with passion, rutting; blinded by pride; -½ambu, n. temple-juice (of elephants); -½ambhas, n. id.; -½alasa, a. languid with intoxication: â, f. N.; -½avasthâ, f. wantonness, rut.

yuvapratyaya	m. suffix forming patronymics termed yuvan (gr.); -mârin, a. dying young; -râga, m. crown-prince, heir-apparent (associated to the throne): -tva, n. dignity of an heir-apparent: -râgya, n. id.

vāsaparyaya	m. change of resi dence; -prâsâda, m. palace; -bhavana, n. bed-chamber; -bhûmi, f. place of abode, homestead.

viparyaya	a. (rare, P.) inverted; opposed to (g.); perverse; m. transposition, exchange; change, alteration; inversion, opposite (e. g. samdhi-viparyayau, peace and its opposite=war; prabhâvasya --, opposite of strength=faint; buddhi-, opposite opinion); change for the worse, disfigurement; reverse, mishap, overthrow, calamity, misfortune (rare); perverseness; change of opinion (rare); wrong opinion or notion, error: lc. in the opposite case, otherwise.

vinyaya	m. position; -nyasana, n. putting down (pada-vinyasanam kri, put down the feet, stride); -nyasya, fp. to be placed upon; -nyâsa, m. putting down; putting on (of ornaments); movement, posi tion (of limbs); disposition, arrangement; extension; composition (of literary works etc.); display of (--°ree;, rare): -rekhâ, f. line drawn.

vyatyaya	m. exchange, change; inversion; irregularity (comm.), (karmanâm--, wrong occupation): in., ab., --°ree;, inversely; irregularly (in gr.); -½âsa, m. interchange, change; inverted position; inversion: in., ab. inversely; alternately.

vyaya	den. spend, waste, squander: pp. i-ta.

vyayavat	a. spending much, ex travagant; -sâlin, -sîla, a. extravagant, pro digal; -saha, a. bearing the strain of ex penditure, inexhaustible; -sahishnu, a. bear ing losses lightly.

vyayana	n. departure (RV.1); ex penditure, waste (C.).

vyaya	a. (going asunder), perishable (only with a-vyaya); m. destruction, down fall; disappearance, loss; diminution, failure; abandonment, sacrifice; expenditure or out lay of (money, g. or --°ree;); expense, cost, of (--°ree;), on behalf of (-arthe); means, money (rare); declension (gr.; rare): -ka, a. disbursing; -karman, n. office of paymaster.

bhāyaya	cs. of √ bhî.

śaravyaya	den. P. make a mark of. ati, take steady aim at.

svastyayana	n. sg. pl. auspicious progress, success, good luck; blessing, bene diction, congratulation: ac. w. vâkaya, ask for a blessing.

svāpyaya	m. turning into oneself (as an explanation of svapna).

hiraṇyaya	V. a. (î) golden, abounding in gold.

Bloomfield Vedic
Concordance

34 results0 results8 results


yayaiva	sasṛje ghoram AVś.19.9.3c.

yayau	vo dūrād anasā rathena RV.3.33.9b.

agastyayaḥ	kaṇvāḥ kutsāḥ prasravaṇāḥ # AVP.8.15.2a.

avavyayann	asitaṃ deva vasma (TB.Apś. vasvaḥ) # RV.4.13.4b; MS.4.12.5b: 194.1; KS.11.13b; TB.2.4.5.5b; Apś.16.11.12b.

āpyāyayantī	duritāni viśvā # TB.3.1.1.12c.

āpyāyayantau	saṃcaratām # TB.3.7.4.11c; Apś.1.6.10c.

āpyāyaya	harivo vardhamānaḥ # TB.3.7.11.5b; TA.4.5.6b; 42.5b; Apś.3.12.1b.

kulāyayad	viśvayan mā na ā gan # RV.7.50.1b.

Dictionary of Sanskrit Search

"yaya" has 95 results

atyaya	past happening, cf अत्ययो भूतत्वमतिक्रमः । अतीतानि हिमानि निर्हिमम् ! निःशीतम् Kāś. on P. II.1.6.

apratyaya(1)	it. absence of any affix: an affix such as क्विप् or क्विन् which wholly vanishes; confer, compare पिपठिषतेः अप्रत्ययः पिपठीः M.Bh. on I.1.6. कण्डूयतेरप्रत्यय: कण्डूः M.Bh. on I.1.58; (2) that which is not an affix. confer, compare अप्रत्ययस्यैताः संज्ञा मा भूवन् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.61, I.1.69; (3) that which is not pre' scribed, अविधीयमान,अप्रत्याय्यमानः M.Bh. on I.1.69.

avyaya	indeclinable, literally invariant, not undergoing a change. Pāṇini has used the word as a technical term and includes in it all such words as स्वर्, अन्तर् , प्रातर् etc, or composite expressions like अव्ययीभावसमास, or such taddhitānta words as do not take all case affixes as also kṛdanta words ending in म् or ए, ऐ, ओ, औ. He gives such words in a long list of Sutras P. I.1.37 to 41; confer, compare सदृशं त्रिषु लिङ्गेषु सर्वासु च विभक्तिषु । वचनेषु च सर्वेषु यन्न व्येति तदव्ययम् Kāś. on P.I.1.37.

avyayasaṃgraha	name of a treatise ondeclinable words attributed to Sākaṭāyana.

asaṃpratyaya	failure to understand the sense; confer, compare इतरथा ह्यसंप्रत्ययोऽकृत्रिमत्वाद्यथा लोके Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.23 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 3.

gotrapratyaya	affix in the sense of गोत्र; confer, compare यश्चासौ गोत्रप्रत्ययः प्राप्नोति स एकः स्यात् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ).on IV. 1.93.

dhātupratyayapañjikā	a work dealing with verbal forms written by Dharmakirti, a Jain grammarian of the eighth century.

pūraṇapratyaya	a taddhita affix. affix showing the completion of the particular number ( संख्या ) shown by the word to which the affix is applied; confer, compare . अर्धपूर्वपदश्च पूरणप्रत्ययान्तः संख्याशब्दो भवतीति वक्तव्यम् । अर्धपञ्चमः । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ).on P.I.1.23 Vart. 7. These affixes are mentioned by Panini in V.2. 48 to 58.

prakṛtipratyayavibhāga	division of a word (in use in a language) into the base and the affix, which is looked upon as the main function of grammar.

pratyaya	affix, suffix, a termination, as contrasted with प्रकृति the base; confer, compare प्रत्याय्यते अर्थः अनेन इति प्रत्ययः; confer, compare also अर्थे संप्रत्याययति स प्रत्ययः M.Bh. on III. 1.l Vart. 8; The word प्रत्यय is used in the Pratisakhya works in the sense of 'following' or 'that which follows', e. g. स्पर्शे चोषः प्रत्यये पूर्वपद्यः Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I. 30 which is explained by Uvvata as उषः इत्ययं ( शब्दः ) पूर्वपदावयवः सन् स्पर्शे प्रत्यये परभूते इति यावत्; रेफिसंज्ञो भवति; Uvvata on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I.30; confer, compare प्रत्येति पश्चादागच्छति इति प्रत्ययः परः Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.V. 7; cf also V. Pr, III. 8. Pratyaya or the suffix is generally placed after the base; cf, प्रत्ययः, परश्च P. III. I. 1,2; but sometimes it is placed before the base; e. g. बहुपटुः confer, compare विभाषा सुपो बहुच् पुरस्तात्तु P. V. 3.68. The conjugational signs (शप् , श्यन् et cetera, and others), the signs of tenses and moods ( च्लि, सिच् , स्य, ताम् et cetera, and others) and the compound endings(समासान्त) are all called pratyayas according fo Panini's grammar, as they are all given in the jurisdiction(अधिकार) of the rule प्रत्ययः III.1.1, which extends upto the end of the fifth chapter ( अध्याय ). There are six main kinds of affixes given in grammar सुप्प्रत्यय, तिङ्प्रत्यय, कृत्प्रत्यय , तद्धितप्रत्यय, धातुप्रत्यय (exempli gratia, for example in the roots चिकीर्ष, कण्डूय et cetera, and others) and स्त्रीप्रत्यय. The word प्रत्यय is used in the sense of realization, in which case the root इ in the word त्यय means'knowing' according to the maxim सर्वे गत्यर्था ज्ञानार्थाः; confer, compare मन्त्रार्थप्रत्ययाय Nirukta of Yāska.I.15.

pratyayagrahaṇaparibhāṣā	the guiding rule that when an affix ( प्रत्यय ) is given in a rule as a निमित्त (causing something), the affix denotes a word-form which begins with that to which that affix has been added and ends with the affix itself; confer, compare प्रत्ययग्रहणे यस्मात् स विहितस्तदादेस्तदन्तस्य च ग्रह्यणम् Par. Sek. Pari. 23. The rule यञियोश्च, which prescribes the affix फक् (आयन), has the word यञ् and इञ् which respectively mean यञन्त and इञन्त; in the word परमगार्ग्यायण from परमगार्ग्य the word गार्ग्य is looked upon as यञन्त to which फक् (अायन) is affixed and hence the word परमगार्ग्यायण is arrived at and not पारमगार्ग्य.

pratyayadhātu	a term applied to secondary roots which are formed by adding affixes like णिच् , सन् , यङ् et cetera, and others to primary roots or by the addition of affixes like क्विप्, क्यच् , कायच् et cetera, and others to nouns; e. g. कामय, ह्यारय, चिकीर्ष, जिहीर्ष, जेघ्रीय,चेकीय, गङ्गीय, राजाय, पुत्रकाम्य et cetera, and others; confer, compare सनाद्यन्ता धातवः P.1II.. 1.32; cf also प्रत्ययधातु । गोपायति, धूपायति, ऋतीयते Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on VI. 1.162 Vart.3.

pratyayapāda	a conventional name given to the first pada of the third adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi which begins with the rule प्रत्ययः III. 1.1.

pratyayalakṣaṇa	an operation caused by an affix which takes place even though the affix is elided: exempli gratia, for example the term षद is applied to अग्निचित्, सोमसुत् et cetera, and others on account of the words ending with a case affix although the affix of the nominative case. singular. has been elided; confer, compare प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्. P.I.1. 62 and Kas, thereon.

pratyayavidhi	a rule prescribing the addition of a suffix; confer, compare यस्मात्प्रत्ययाविधिस्तदादि प्रत्ययेङ्गम्, P.I.3.13.

pratyayasvara	an accent caused by virtue of the affix which is added; confer, compare यथैव हि निपातनस्वरः प्रकृतिस्वरं बाधेत एवं प्रत्ययस्वरमपि बाधेत । लतिशिष्टत्वाप्रत्ययस्वरो भविष्यति । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I.I 56 Vart. 23.

bhāvapratyaya	an affix in the sense of quality such as त्व, ता et cetera, and others; confer, compare न ह्यन्तरेण भावप्रत्ययं गुणप्रधानो भवति निर्देश: .

yuvapratyaya	taddhita affix. affix फक् ( अायन ), फिञ् ( अायनि ) or any other in the sense of युवन् which is to be applied to a base ending with an affix in the sense of offspring ( अपत्यप्रत्ययान्त ) or with an affix in the sense of a grandson ( गोत्रप्रत्ययान्त ). The affix is not applied when a female offspring is meant.

liṅgavācakapratyaya	an affix such as अा , ( टाप्, डाप्, चाप्) or ई (ङीप्, ङीष्, ङीन् ) which is added to a masculine base; confer, compare P.IV. 1.3 to IV.1.77.

liṅgavyatyaya	transposition of genders, as noticed often in Vedic language; e. g. मधोर्गृह्लाति or मधोस्तृप्ताः for मधुन:; confer, compare M.Bh. on P. I. 4.9.

varṇaviparyaya	changing the place of letters; confer, compare सिंहो वर्णविपर्ययात् Vart 20.

varṇavyatyaya	transposition of letters: confer, compare वर्णव्यत्यये चार्थान्तरगमनात् ( अर्थवन्तो वर्णाः): Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Siva Sutra 5; confer, compare कृतेस्तर्कुः कसेः सिकताः\| हिंसे: सिंहृ:\| वर्णव्यत्ययो नार्थ‌व्यत्ययः\| Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on. Siva sutra 5.

vinyaya	the same as विन्यास; placing or employment of the instrument of sound to touch the various places or sthanas where sound is produced;confer, compare अनुप्रदानात्संसर्गात् स्थानात् करणविन्ययात् । जायते वर्णवैशेष्यं परीमाणाञ्च पञ्चमात् ॥ Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XXIII.2.

viparyaya	change in the reverse order; reverse transposition; interversion; confer, compare the usual expression वर्णविपर्यय.confer, compare वर्णागमाद् भवेद्धंसः सिंहो वर्णविपर्ययात् \| S.K. on P.VI.3.109. The word व्यत्यय is used in this sense in the Mahābhāṣya; confer, compare वर्णव्यत्यये कृतेस्तर्कः \| हिंसे: सिंहः ! M.Bh. on Māheśvarasūtras. 5 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 15; confer, compare also Kāś. on P.VI.3.109 and Cāndra Vyākaraṇa II.2.48.

vyatyaya	occurrence of one for another transposition: confer, compare सुतिङुपग्रहृ ... व्यत्ययमिच्छति शास्त्रकृदेषां ... Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.III. 1.85. See विपर्यय.

vyaya	literallyloss; disappearance the word is used in the sense of inflectional changes. An indeclinable is called अव्यय because it has no inflectional changes. cf तत्कथमनुदात्तप्रकृति नाम स्यात् \| दृष्टव्ययं तु भवति । Nirukta of Yāska.I.8; V.23.

vyayavat(1)	possessed of व्यय or inflectional change; a declinable word; cf यस्य पुनर्विभक्त्यादिभिर्विकारः क्रियते स व्ययवान् । आद्युदात्त: स च अन्त:शब्दॊ भवति \| V: Pr. II.26; (2) characterized by a loss of accent id est, that is the loss of the original accent and the presence of another accent: confer, compare पदान्तस्य पदे दृष्टं स्वरितत्वं न दृश्यते \| अदृष्टमनुदात्तत्वं च दृश्यते । Uvvata on R. Pr, XI.31.

vyākaraṇādhyayanaprayojana	the purpose of the study of Grammar which is beautifully summed up and discussed in the first Ahnika by Patanjali in his Mahabhasya.

saṃpratyaya	the same as संप्रतिपत्ति which see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.; confer, compare इंतंरंथा ह्यसंप्रत्यये यथा लोके Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I. 1.1 Vart. 2; confer, comparealso येनोच्चारितेन सास्नालाङ्गूलककुदखुरविषाणिनां संप्रत्ययो भवति स शब्दः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Ahnika 1.

sāvyaya	together with avyaya or indeclinable: confer, compareअाख्यातं साव्ययं वाक्यम्। उच्चै: पठति। नीचैः पठति। Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. II. 1. I. Vart 9.

strīpratyaya(1)	affixes added to the masculine base of a word to show the sense of the feminine, such as आ in टापृ, डापू and चापू and ई in ङीपू, ङीषू and ङीनन्. See P. IV. 1.3 to 8l. (2) name of a section of Bhattoj's Siddhantakaumudi which gives the affixes added for the formation of a feminine base.

aṅ	The vikaraṇa before luṅ affixes, substituted for the affix cvi ( च्वि ) in the case of the roots mentioned by Pāṇini in sūtras III.1.52-59:(2) the Vikaraṇapratyaya in Vedic Literature before the benedictive affixes prescribed by Pāṇini in Sūtra III.1.86; (3) kṛt affix in the feminine gender showing verbal activity applied to roots marked with the mute letter ष् and the roots भिद्, छिद् and others. P.III.3 104-106.exempli gratia, for example जरा, त्रपा, भिदा, छिदा et cetera, and others

asaṃkhya	not possessing any notion of number; the word is used in connection with avyayas or indeclinables; यथैव हि अलिङ्गमव्ययमेवमसंख्यमपि Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on II.4.82.

ārdhadhātuka	a term used in contrast to the term सार्वधातुक for such verbal and kṛt affixes, as are not personal endings of verbs nor marked with the mute letter श् confer, compare तिङ्शित् सार्वधातुकम् । आर्धधातुकं शेषः। P.III.4.113 and 114. The personal endings of verbs in the perfect tense and the benedictive mood are termed ārdhadhātuka, confer, compare P. III. 4.115, 116; while both the terms are promiscuously found utilised in the Vedic Literature; confer, compare P. III. 4. 117. The main utility of the ārdhadhātuka term is the augment इ ( इट् ) to be prefixed to the ārdhadhātuka affixes. The term आर्धधातुका was in use in works of the old Vaiyākaraṇas; confer, compare अथवा आर्धधातुकासु इति वक्ष्यामि कासु आर्धधातुकासु । उक्तिषु युक्तिषु रूढिषु