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api | yady api-, even if, although  |
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api | yadyapi tathāpi-, although, nevertheless  |
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evam | ind. (fr. pronominal base e- ;probably connected with 1. ev/a-), thus, in this way, in such a manner, such, (it is not found in the oldest hymns of the veda-, where its place is taken by 1. ev/a-,but occurs in later hymns ind. in the brāhmaṇa-s, especially in connection with vid-,"to know", and its derivatives[ exempli gratia, 'for example' ya evaṃ veda-,he who knows so; see evaṃ-v/id-, column 3];in classical Sanskrit evam-occurs very frequently, especially in connection with the roots vac-,"to speak", and śru-,"to hear", and refers to what precedes as well as to what follows[ exempli gratia, 'for example' evam uktvā-,having so said; evam evaitat-,this is so; evam astu-or evam bhavatu-,be it so, I assent; asty evam-,it is so; yady evam-,if this be so; kim evam-,how so? what is the meaning of it? what does this refer to? maivam-,not so! evam-- yathā-or yathā-- evam-,so - as]) etc. |
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kāmam | ind. though, although, supposing that (usually with imperative) (kāmaṃ-na-or na tu-or na ca-,rather than exempli gratia, 'for example' kāmam ā maraṇāt tiṣṭhed gṛhe kanyā-- na enām prayacchet tu guṇa-hīnāya-,"rather should a girl stay at home till her death, than that he should give her to one void of excellent qualities" ;the negative sentence with na-or natu-or na ca-may also precede, or its place may be taken by an interrogative sentence exempli gratia, 'for example' kāmaṃ nayatu māṃ devaḥ kim ardhenātmano hi me-,"rather let the god take me, what is the use to me of half my existence?" ; kāmaṃ-- tu-or kiṃ tu-or ca-or punar-or athāpi-or tathāpi-,well, indeed, surely, truly, granted, though - however, notwithstanding, nevertheless exempli gratia, 'for example' kāmaṃ tvayā parityaktā gamiṣyāmi-- imaṃ tu bālaṃ saṃtyaktuṃ-, nārhasi-,"granted that forsaken by thee I shall go - this child however thou must not forsake" ;or the disjunctive particles may be left out ; yady-api-kāmaṃ tathāpi-,though - nevertheless ) |
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naś | cl.4 P. ( ) n/aśyati- (rarely te-and cl.1.P. n/aśati-, te-; perfect tense nanāśa-,3. plural neśur-; Aorist anaśat- etc.; aneśat-, n/eśat- [ confer, compare on ]; future naśiṣyati- ; naṅkṣyati-, te-[cond. anaṅkṣyata-] ; naśitā- ; naṃṣṭā- ; naṅgdhā- ; infinitive mood naśitum-, naṃṣum- grammar; ind.p. naśitvā-, naṣṭva-, naṃṣṭvā- ) to be lost, perish, disappear, be gone, run away etc. ; to come to nothing, be frustrated or unsuccessful etc.: Causal nāś/ayati-, Epic also te- (Aorist -anīnaśat-; dative case infinitive mood -nāśayadhyai- ) to cause to be lost or disappear, drive away, expel, remove, destroy, efface etc. ; to lose (also from memory), give up ; to violate, deflower (a girl) ; to extinguish (a fire) ; to disappear (in mā- nīnaśah-and naśuḥ-) : Desiderative ninaśiṣati- or ninaṅkṣati- (confer, compare ninaṅkṣu-) ; Desiderative of Causal nināśayiṣati-, to wish to destroy : Intensive nānaśyate- or nānaṃṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin nex,nocere]) .  |
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syand | (or syad-;often confounded with spand-) cl.1 A1. ( ) sy/andate- (Epic and mc. also ti-; perfect tense siṣy/anda-, siṣyad/uḥ- ; sasyande-, dire- grammar; Aorist 2. 3. sg. -asyān- ; asyandiṣṭa-, asyantta-, asyadat- grammar; future syanttā-, syanditā- ; syantsy/ati- ; syandiṣyate-, syantsyate- grammar; infinitive mood sy/ade- ; sy/anttum- ; ind.p. syanttv/ā-, syattv/ā-, -syadya- ; syanditvā- grammar), to move or flow on rapidly, flow, stream, run, drive (in a carriage), rush, hasten, speed etc. ; to discharge liquid, trickle, ooze, drip, sprinkle, pour forth (accusative) etc. ; to issue from (ablative) : Causal syandayati- (Aorist /asiṣyadat-;Ved. infinitive mood syandayādhyai-), to stream, flow, run etc. ; to cause to flow or run : Desiderative sisyandiṣate-, sisyantsate-, sisyantsati- grammar : Intensive See acchā-syand-, under 3. accha-, and next.  |
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tathā | ind. t/athāpi- even thus, even so, nevertheless, yet, still, notwithstanding (correlative of yady api-[ etc.], api-[ ], api yadi-[ ], kāmam-[ ], varam-) etc.  |
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vai | ind. a particle of emphasis and affirmation, generally placed after a word and laying stress on it (it is usually translatable by"indeed","truly","certainly","verily","just" etc.;it is very rare in the ;more frequent in the , and very common in the brāhmaṇa-s and in works that imitate their style;in the sūtra-s it is less frequent and almost restricted to the combination yady u vai-;in manu- and the kāvya-s it mostly appears at the end of a line, and as a mere expletive. In it is frequently followed by u-in the combination v/ā u-[both particles are separated ];it is also preceded by u-and various other particles exempli gratia, 'for example' by /id-, /aha-, ut/a-;in the brāhmaṇa-s it often follows ha-, ha sma-, eva-;in later language api-and tu-.Accord. to some it is also a vocative particle). |
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yadi | ind. (in veda- also y/adī-,sometimes yadi cit-, yadi ha vai-, y/ad/īt-, y/ady u-, yady u vai-) if, in case that etc. etc. In the earlier language yadi- may be joined with Indic. subjunctive or leṭ- Potential , or future , the consequent clause of the conditional sentence being generally without any particle. In the later language yadi- may be joined with present tense (followed in consequent clause by another present tense exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi jīvati bhadrāṇi paśyati-,"if he lives he beholds prosperity", or by future or by imperative or by Potential or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with Potential (exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi rājā daṇḍaṃ na praṇayet-,"if the king were not to inflict punishment", followed by another Potential or by Conditional or by present tense or by imperative or by future or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with future (exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi na kariṣyanti tat-,"if they will not do that", followed by another future or by present tense or by imperative or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with Conditional (exempli gratia, 'for example' yady anujñām adāsyat-,"if he should give permission", followed by another Conditional or by Potential or by Aorist) ; or it may be joined with Aorist (exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi prajā-patir na vapur arsrākṣīt-,"if the Creator had not created the body", followed by Conditional or by Potential or by perfect tense) ; or it may be joined with imperative or even with perfect tense (exempli gratia, 'for example' yady āha-,"if he had said") . There may be other constructions, and in the consequent clauses some one of the following may be used: atha-, atra-, tad-, tena-, tatas-, tataḥ param-, tadā-, tarhi-, tadānīm-. Observe that yadi- may sometimes = "as sure as"(especially in asseverations, followed by imperative with or without tathā-or tena-or followed by Potential with tad-) etc.; or it may ="whether"(followed by present tense or Potential or no verb exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi-na vā-,"whether-or not", and sometimes kim-is added) ; or it may ="that"(after verbs of"not believing"or"doubting" , with present tense or Potential exempli gratia, 'for example' nāśaṃse yadi jīvanti-,"I do not expect that they are alive" see ) ; or if placed after duṣkaraṃ- or kathaṃ cid- it may ="hardly","scarcely" ; or it may = "if perchance","perhaps"(with Potential with or without iti-,or with future or present tense) etc. The following are other combinations: yadi tāvat-,"how would it be if"(with present tense or imperative) |
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yadi | ind. yadi- - yadi ca-yady api-,"if - and if - if also"  |