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| abhyatiric | Passive voice -/ati-ric-yate-, or -ati-ricy/ate- (subjunctive abhy-/ati-r/icyātai-; Potential -/ati-ricyeta-) Ved. to remain for the sake of (accusative)   |
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| acchāvañc | Passive voice -vacy/ate-, to extend itself towards, to go towards |
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| anutap | to heat ; to vex, annoy : Passive voice -tapy/ate- (rarely -tapyati-[ ]) , to suffer afterwards, repent ; to desiderate, miss: Causal -tāpayati-, to distress. |
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| anuvap | P. to scatter over ; A1. to scatter as dust : Passive voice /anu upy/ate-, to be scattered as dust |
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| apuvāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to get ill, become spoiled (see anvart-.) |
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| atinī | to lead over or beyond, to help a person over anything etc. ; to allow to pass away: Intensive A1. -nenīy/ate-, to bring forward |
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| bandh | cl.9 P. () badhn/āti- (rarely A1. badhnīt/e-; cl.1 P. A1. bandhati-, te- ; cl.4 P. badhyati- ; imperative badhāna- , bandhāna- , -badhnīhi- , bandha- ; perfect tense P. bab/andha-,3. plural bedh/us- , babandhus- ; A1. bedh/e-, dhir/e- , babandhe- grammar; future bhantsyati- etc., bandhiṣyati-, te- ; banddhā- grammar; Aorist abhāntsīt- grammar; preceding badhyāt- ; infinitive mood banddhum-,or bandhitum- , b/adhe- ind.p. baddhv/ā- , dhv/āya- , -badhya- ; -bandham- ), to bind, tie, fix, fasten, chain, fetter etc. ; to bind round, put on (;later also P."on one's self") etc. ; to catch, take or hold captive, met. = to attach to world or to sin ; to fix, direct, fasten, rivet (eyes, ears or mind) on (locative case or infinitive mood) ; to arrest, hold back, restrain, suppress, stop, shut, close ; to bind a sacrificial victim, offer, sacrifice (with dative case of the deity to whom it is presented) : ; to punish, chastise ; to join, unite, put together or produce anything in this way, exempli gratia, 'for example' fold (the hands), clench (the fist), knit or bend (the eyebrows), arrange, assume (a posture), set up (a limit), construct (a dam or a bridge), span, bridge over (a river), conceive or contract (friendship or enmity), compose, construct (a poem or verse) etc. ; to form or produce in any way, cause, effect, do, make, bear (fruit), strike (roots), take up (one's abode) ; to entertain, cherish, show, exhibit, betray (joy, resolution etc.) : Passive voice badhy/ate- (ti- ), to be bound etc. etc. ; (especially) to be bound by the fetters of existence or evil, sin again ; to be affected by id est experience, suffer (instrumental case) : Causal bandhayati- (Aorist ababandhat-), to cause to bind or catch or capture, imprison etc. ; to cause to be built or constructed ; to cause to be embanked or dammed up ; to bind together (also bādhayati-) : Desiderative bibhantsati- grammar : Intensive bābanddhi-, bābadhyate- [ confer, compare Zend band; Greek , ; Latin foedus,fides; Lit.be4ndras; Gothic Anglo-Saxon bindan; German binden; English bind.] |
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| bhañj | cl.7 P. () bhanakti- (perfect tense babh/añja- etc., 3. plural A1. babhañjire- ; Aorist abhāṅkṣīt- ; future bhaṅkṣyati-, ktā- ; ind.p. bhaṅktvā-, bhaktvā-or -bhajya- ), to break, shatter, split etc. ; to break into, make a breach in (a fortress, with accusative) ; to rout, put to flight, defeat (an army) ; to dissolve (an assembly) ; to break up id est divide (a sūtra-) ; to bend ; to check, arrest, suspend, frustrate, disappoint etc.: Passive voice bhajy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāji-or abhañji- ), to be broken or break (intr.) etc. etc. etc.: Causal bhañjayati- (Aorist ababhañjat-) grammar : Desiderative bibhaṅkṣati- : Intensive bambhajyate- or jīti- [Perhaps for originally bhrañj-; confer, compare bhraj-; Latin frangere,nau-fraga; German brechen; English break.] |
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| bhid | cl.7.P. A1. () bhin/atti-, bhintte- (imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /abhinat- ; subjunctive bhin/aadaḥ- ; imperative bindh/i- ; binddhi- [ confer, compare binddhi-lavaṇā-];cl.1. P. bh/edati- ; Potential bhideyam- ; perfect tense bibh/eda- ; Aorist , 2. 3. sg. bh/et- abhaitsīt- ; bhitthās- ; preceding bhitsīṣṭa- grammar; future bhetsy/ati-, te- etc.; Conditional abhetsyat- ; future bhettā- grammar; infinitive mood bh/ettav/ai- ; bhettum- etc.; ind.p. bhittv/ā-, -bhidya- etc.) , to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroy etc.,; to pass through (as a planet or, comet) ; to disperse (darkness) ; to transgress, violate, (a compact or alliance) etc. ; to open, expand ; to loosen, disentangle, dissolve etc. ; to disturb, interrupt, stop ; to disclose, betray etc. ; to disunite, set at variance ; to distinguish, discriminate : Passive voice bhidy/ate- (Epic also ti- Aorist abhedi- etc.; perfect tense bibhide- ), to be split or broken, burst (intrans.) etc. ; to be opened (as a closed hand, eyes etc.) ; to overflow (as water) ; to be loosened, become loose ; to be stopped or interrupted ; to be disclosed or betrayed ; to be changed or altered (in mind), be won over ; to be disunited ; to keep aloof from (instrumental case) ; to be distinguished, differ from (ablative) etc.: Causal bhedayati-, te- (Aorist abībhidat-; confer, compare also bhidāpana-), to cause to split or break etc. ; to split, break, shatter, crush, destroy ; to separate, divide (See bhedita-) ; to disunite, set at variance, perplex, unsettle (in opinion), seduce, win over : Desiderative b/ibhitsati-, te-, to wish to break through or disperse or defeat (confer, compare, bibhitsā-): Desiderative of Causal See bibhedayiṣu-: Intensive bebhidīti- or bebhetti-, to cleave repeatedly [ confer, compare Latin findo; German beissen; English bite.] |
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| bhṛ | cl.1 P. A1. () bh/arati-, te- ; cl.3 P. A1. () b/ibharti- (bibh/arti-only ), bibhṛte- ; cl.2 P. bh/arti- (parasmE-pada P. b/ibhrat-, q.v; A1. bibhrāṇa-with act. meaning , bibhramāṇa-with pass. meaning ; perfect tense jabh/āra-, jabh/arat-; jabhre-, ajabhartana- ; babhāra-, babhṛma- etc.; parasmE-pada babhrāṇ/a-with pass. meaning ; bibharāmbabhūva- , rām-āsa- ; Aorist abhār- ; bhart/am-, bhṛt/am- ; abhṛta- grammar; abhārṣam- subjunctive bharṣat- ; abhāriṣam- ; preceding bhriyāsam-, yāt- ; future bhariṣyati- Conditional /abhariṣyat- ; bhart/ā- ; infinitive mood bh/artum-, bh/artave-, bh/artav/ai-,Ved.; bh/aradhyai- ; ind.p. -bh/ṛtya- etc.) , to bear, carry, convey, hold ("on"or"in" locative case) etc. ; to wear id est let grow (hair, beard, nails) etc. ; to balance, hold in equipoise (as a pair of scales) ; to bear id est contain, possess, have, keep (also"keep in mind") etc. ; to support, maintain, cherish, foster ; to hire, pay ; to carry off or along (A1. bharate-,"for one's self" id est gain, obtain, or =ferri"to be borne along") ; to bring, offer, procure, grant, bestow etc. ; to endure, experience, suffer, undergo ; to lift up, raise (the voice or a sound; A1. bharate-,also "to rise, be heard") ; to fill (the stomach) ; (with garbham-) to conceive, become pregnant (confer, compare under dhṛ-) ; (with kṣitim-) to take care of, rule, govern ; (with, ājñām-) to submit to, obey ; (with ūrjām-) to exert, employ : Passive voice bhriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāri-), to be borne etc. etc. etc.: Causal bhārayati- (Aorist abībharat-), to cause to bear etc. ; to engage for hire : Desiderative b/ubhūrṣati- ( ), bibhariṣati- () , to wish to bear or support or maintain: Intensive b/aribharti- (3. plural bhrati- , where also 2. dual number jarbhṛt/aḥ-), barībharti- (), to bear repeatedly or continually, carry hither and thither. [ confer, compare Zend bar; Greek ; Latin fero; Slavonic or Slavonian brati; Gothic bai4ran; German beran,ge-ba0ren; English bear.] |
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| bhṛṇīya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to be angry (equals krudhyate-) (see bhrī-and hṛṇīya-). |
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| dhā | cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e- etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[ ]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-, plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta- ; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[ ], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare ] or dhattāt- ;2. plural dhatt/a-, , dhattana-, , d/adhāta-, ,or tana-, [ confer, compare ]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e- and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-, or dhats/e- dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate- ; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-, [ ]; Potential d/adhīta- dadhīt/a-, ; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-, or dadhiṣva-, ;2. plural dhaddhvam-[ ]or dadhidhvam- ,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām- ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te- ; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti- ; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta- (pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur- etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe- ;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-, ,or dhire-, ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur- etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana- ; 2. sg. dhāyīs- ; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare ];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu- ; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe- ;3. sg. ahita-, hita- ; subjunctive dh/ethe- , dhaithe-, ; imperative dhiṣv/ā-, ; P. adhat- ; dhat- ; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha- ; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata- ; Potential dhiṣīya- [ ]; dheṣīya- ; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā- etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum- etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai- ;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā- ; hitvā-[ ], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām- : Passive voice dhīy/ate- etc.[ ] , p. dhīy/amāna- ; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi- [ ]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[ ]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case) etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case ,with genitive case ];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal ) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove) ; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-) ; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case) etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share ) ; to appoint, establish, constitute ; to render (with double accusative) ; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ]) ; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo : Causal -dhāpayati- (See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- () , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case) (Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present ; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-, ) : with avady/am-, to bid defiance (confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate- [ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.] |
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| dham | or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te- ; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas- ; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire- ; Aorist adhmāsīt- ; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati- ; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya- ) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma- ]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument) etc. ; to blow into (locative case) ; to breathe out, exhale ; to kindle a fire by blowing ; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing etc. ; to blow or cast away : Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- ( ) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati- (Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate- ) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder : Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate- ; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell) [ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"] |
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| dhṛ | cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (; A1. Potential dhareran- ), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu- ]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e- etc.; Aorist adhāram- ; adhṛta-, dhṛthās- ; /adīdharat- etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta- ;3. plural rata- ]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati- ; ṣy/e- ; dhartā- ; infinitive mood dhartum- , tavai- [ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya- ) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case) etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to) ; to present to (genitive case) ; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case) ; A1. to be ready or prepared for ; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case) (confer, compare ) ; to prolong (in pronunciation) ; to quote, cite ; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-) etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case) (also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow ; (with raśmīn-[ ] or praharān-[ ]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty ; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control ; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance ; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly ; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember ; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact (Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady etc. ; continue living, exist, remain etc. (also dhāryate- ) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood) : Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate- ; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-) : Intensive d/ardharti- () and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati- ; confer, compare ) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.] |
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| dhū | cl.5 P. A1. dhūn/oti-, nut/e- ; dhunoti-, nute- etc. ; cl.6 P. () dhuvati- (confer, compare ni--; Potential dhūvet- ) ; cl.9 P. A1. () Potential dhunīyāt- ; parasmE-pada A1. dhunāna- ; cl.1 P. () dhavati- ; cl.2 A1., 3. plural dhuvate- (dhunv/ate-?) ; parasmE-pada dhuvān/a- (perfect tense dudhāva- , dhuve- ; dudhuvīta-and dūdhot- : Aorist adhūṣṭa-,3. plural ṣata- ; adhoṣṭa-, adhaviṣṭa-; adhauṣīt-, adhāvīt- grammar; future dhaviṣyati-, te- etc.; dhoṣyati-, te-, dhotā-& dhavitā- grammar; ind.p. dhūtvā- , -dh/ūya- etc.; infinitive mood dhavitum- grammar) to shake, agitate, cause to tremble etc. ; to shake down from (exempli gratia, 'for example' fruits [ accusative ] from a tree [ accusative ]) ; (oftener A1.) to shake off, remove, liberate one's self from (accusative) etc. ; to fan, kindle (a fire) etc. ; to treat roughly, hurt, injure, destroy ; to strive against, resist : Passive voice dhūy/ate- etc. (parasmE-pada dhūyat- ): Causal dhāvayati- () and dhūnayati- (See dhūna-): Desiderative dudhūṣati-, te- grammar ; Intensive dodhavīti- (parasmE-pada dodhuvat d/avidhvat- ) ; dodhūyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna-and yat- ; so shake or move violently (trans. and intr.) ; to shake off or down ; to fan or kindle. [ confer, compare dhav-and dhāv-; Greek , .] |
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| dīkṣ | (Desiderative of dakṣ-?) cl.1 A1. dīkṣate- (perfect tense didīksk/e-; future dīkṣiṣy/ate-; Aorist adidīkṣas-and adīkṣiṣṭa- ; ind.p. dīkṣitvā- ) to consecrate or dedicate one's self (especially for the performance of the soma--sacrifice) ; to dedicate one's self to a monastic order : Causal dīkṣayati-, te-, to consecrate, initiate ; perfect tense didīkṣur- ; to consecrate as a king ; to make ready, prepare : Desiderative didīkṣiṣate-, to wish to be consecrated |
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| dīp | cl.4 A1. dīpyate- (dīpy/ate- , dipyati- perfect tense didīpe- ; future dīpiṣyate-, dīpitā-; Aorist adīpi-, adipiṣṭa- infinitive mood dipitum- ) to blaze, flare, shine, be luminous or illustrious etc. ; glow, burn (also with anger ): Causal dip/ayati-, te- Aorist adīdipat- or adidipat- () to kindle, set on fire, inflame ; illuminate, make illustrious etc. ; excite, rouse : Desiderative didīpiṣate-: Intensive dedīpyate-, to blaze fiercely, shine intensely, be very bright ; parasmE-pada dedīpyantī- |
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| dṛ | cl.6 A1. driy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to respect, honour () ; occurring only with preposition ā- see ā-dri- ; Desiderative didariṣate- |
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| dṛś | (Pres. forms supplied by paś- q.v; perfect tense P. dad/arśa- etc. [2. sg. dadarśitha-and dadraṣṭha- ]; A1. dadṛś/e- [ d/adṛśe-,3 plural dṛśre- ; śrire- ]; parasmE-pada P. dadṛśv/as- ; sivas- ; darśivas- q.v; A1. d/adṛśāna- ; future P. -drakṣy/ati- etc.; A1. ṣyate-and future 2. draṣṭā- ; Aorist P. adarśam-, śas-, śat-,3 plural śur- ; 1 plural adarśma- ; adṛśma- ; subjunctive darśam-, śat-, śathas- ; A1.3 plural /adṛśran- ; śram- ; parasmE-pada dṛśān/a-or d/ṛśāna-[ confer, compare sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ] ; P. dṛśan-,3 plural /adṛśan- ; Potential dṛś/eyam- ; śema- ; P. adrākṣit-and adrāk- ; A1.3 plural /adṛkṣata-; subjunctive 2 sg. d/ṛkṣase- ; infinitive mood dṛś/e-and driś/aye- ; dr/aṣṭum- etc.; ind.p. dṛṣṭv/ā- etc.[ also dṛśya-], ṭvāya- ; -d/ṛśya- ; -darśam- ) to see, behold, look at, regard, consider etc. ; to see id est wait on, visit ; to see with the mind, learn, understand etc. ; to notice, care for, look into, try, examine ; to see by divine intuition, think or find out, compose, contrive (hymns, rites, etc.) : Passive voice dṛśy/ate- (Epic also ti-) Aorist ad/arśi- etc. to be seen, become visible, appear etc. ; to be shown or manifested, appear as (iva-), prove etc.: Causal P. A1. darśayati-, te- etc. ; Aorist adīdṛśat- ; adadarśat- , to cause to see or be seen, to show a thing (A1. especially of something belonging to one's self) or person (P.and A1.with or scilicet ātmānam-,also one's self) , to (accusative etc.; genitive case etc.; dative case etc.; instrumental case after A1.refl. ) ; to show = prove, demonstrate etc. ; to produce (money) id est pay ; (a witness) , : Desiderative A1. didṛkṣate- (Epic also ti-) to wish to see, long for (accusative) etc.: Desiderative of Causal didarśayiṣati-, to wish to show ; adidarśayiṣīt- : Intensive darīdṛśyate-, to be always visible ; darīdarṣṭi- or dard- [ confer, compare Greek , ; Gothic tarhjan.] |
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| ducchunāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to wish to harm, be evil disposed |
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| duh | (originally dugh- see d/ughāna-, dugha-etc., and the initial dh-of some forms) cl.2 P.A1. dogdhi- ; dugdhe- or duh/e- etc. (plural A1. duhat/e-, ; duhrate-, ; duhr/e-, ; imperfect tense P. /adhok-, ; duh/ur- ; A1. adugdha-[according to Aorist ] plural aduhra-,i sg. aduha- plural hra- [ see ]; imperative dhukṣva- sg. duh/ām- ; plural duhr/ām-, r/atām- ; dhuṅgdhvam- ; subjunctive dohat-[3 plural hān- ], hate- ; Potential duhīyat- ; y/an-, ; A1. hīta-, ; parasmE-pada P. duh/at- A1. duhān/a-, d/uhāna-,and d/ugh- ; cl.6 P. A1. duh/ati-, te- etc.; cl.4. duhyati-, te- ; perfect tense dud/oha-[ hitha- ], duduh/e-,3 plural duduhur-[ dudūhur- ] etc.; A1. duduhre- [ hrire-]; future dhokṣyati-, te- ; Aorist /adhukṣat-, ṣata-[3 sg. plural ], adukṣat-, ; dukṣata-,3 sg. ; imperative dhukṣ/asva- ; Potential dhukṣīm/ahi- ; infinitive mood dogdhum- etc.; dogdhos- ; duh/adhyai-and doh/ase- ; ind.p. dugdhvā- ) to milk (a cow or an udder) figuratively take advantage of (see) , enjoy ; to milk or squeeze out, extract (milk, soma- exempli gratia, 'for example' any good thing) ; draw anything out of another thing (with 2 accusative) etc. ; (mostly A1.) to give milk, yield any desired object (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc. etc.: Passive voice duhy/ate- Aorist adohi- ( ) to be milked, to be drawn or extracted from etc.: Causal doh/ayati-, te- Aorist adūduhat- Passive voice dohy/ate-, to cause to milk or be milked ; to milk, milk out, extract : Desiderative d/udukṣati- (), dudhukṣati- ( see dudhukṣu-), to wish to milk. |
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| gadāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-,"to become sick", to become lazy or idle |
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| gai | cl.1 P. g/āyati-, rarely A1. te- (1. sg. g/āye-[ ] & gāyiṣe-[ ] etc.) , exceptionally cl.2. gāti- ( : cl.3 P. jigāti- ; perf. jagau- etc.; Aorist agāsīt-; preceding geyāt- ; pr. p. P. g/āyat- etc.; ind.p. gītvā-[with preposition -gāya-() -g/īya- etc.]; infinitive mood gātum-), to sing, speak or recite in a singing manner, sing to (dative case ), praise in song (with accusative), relate in metrical language etc. ; to sing before (accusative) : Passive voice gīy/ate- (parasmE-pada y/amāna-), to be sung or praised in song etc. ; to be called (perf. jage-), etc.: Causal gāpayati- (Potential 3. plural gāyayeyur- ), to cause to sing or praise in song etc.: Intensive jegīyate- () , to sing ; to be sung or praised in song ; to be asserted obstinately ; ([ confer, compare 3. gā-; confer, compare also Lithuanian zaidziu.]) |
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| hā | cl.3 P. () j/ahāti- (rarely cl.1. jahati-3. dual number jahltaḥ- imperative jah/ihi-[or jahāhi- ]; jahītāt- ; Potential jahyāt- etc.; perfect tense jahau-, jah/uḥ- etc.; jahe- ; Aorist ahāt- etc.; ahāsīt- grammar;3. sg. ahās- ; /ahāsi- ; hāsiṣṭa- ,; future hātā- grammar; hāsyati-, te- etc., jahiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood hātum- ; ind.p. hitv/ā-.[ q.v ] etc.; hitv/ī- tv/āya- ; -hītvā- grammar; -h/āya- , h/īyam- ), to leave, abandon, desert, quit, forsake, relinquish (with śarīram-, deham-, prāṇān-, asūn-, jīvitam-etc. - "to die") etc., etc. ; to discharge, emit ; to put away, take off, remove, lay aside, give up, renounce, resign, avoid, shun, abstain or refrain from etc. ; to disregard, neglect ; to lose, be deprived of. ; to get rid of. escape from etc. ; to cause to emit (with śardham-,"to cause to break wind") : Passive voice hīy/ate- or h/īyate- (Epic also hīyati-; Aorist ahāyi-), to be left or abandoned or deserted etc. ; to be left behind, fall short of (ablative) etc. ; to be excluded from or bereft of (ablative or instrumental case;with prāṇaiḥ-,"to die") etc. ; to be overtaken by (instrumental case) ; to be deficient or wanting, suffer loss or injury, fail (also in a lawsuit), decrease, wane, decline, come to an end etc. ; to weigh less (at the ordeal of the balance) ; to be given up or avoided (varia lectio) ; to be subtracted ; to become detached from (with ablative or instrumental case), fall out (as hair) : Causal hāpayati- (mc. also te- Aorist ajīhapat-; -jīhipaḥ- ), to cause to leave or abandon etc. ; to omit, neglect etc. ; to fall short of. be wanting in (accusative) ; to give up (asūn-,"life") ; to lose (kālam-,"time") ; to abandon (pratijñām-,"a thesis") : Desiderative jihāsati-, to wish to leave or abandon ; to wish to reject or disdain ; to wish to escape : Intensive jehīyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti- grammar |
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| han | cl.2 P. () hanti- (3. dual number hat/aḥ-,3. plural ghnanti-;rarely A1. hate-,3. plural ghnate-;and cl.1. hanati-, Vedic or Veda also jighnate-, ti-; Potential hanyāt- also h/anīta-, ghnīta-; imperative jah/i- handh/i-; imperfect tense /ahan-, Vedic or Veda and Epic also ahanat-, ahanan-, aghnanta-; parasmE-pada jaghnat-, ghnamāna- ; perfect tense jagh/āna-, jaghn/uḥ- Epic also jaghne-, nire- subjunctive jagh/anat- ; parasmE-pada jaghniv/as-, Vedic or Veda also jaghanvas-; Aorist ahānīt- [ confer, compare vadh-]; future hantā- ; haṃsyati- ; haniṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood h/antum-,Ved. also h/antave-, tav/ai-, toḥ-; ind.p. hatv/ā-,Ved. also tv/ī-, tvāya-, -hatya-; -hanya- ; -gh/ātam- etc.) , to strike, beat (also a drum) , pound, hammer (accusative), strike etc. upon (locative case) etc. ; to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy ; to put to death, cause to be executed ; to strike off ; to ward off, avert ; to hurt, wound (the heart) ; to hurl (a dart) upon (genitive case) ; (in astronomy) to touch, come into contact ; to obstruct, hinder ; to repress, give up, abandon (anger, sorrow etc.) ; (?) to go, move : Passive voice hany/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avadhi-or aghāni-), to be struck or killed etc. etc.: Causal ghātayati-, te- (properly a Nom.fr. ghāta- q.v; Aorist ajīghatat-or ajīghanat-), to cause to be slain or killed, kill, slay, put to death, punish etc. ; to notify a person's death (kaṃsaṃ ghātayati- equals kaṃsa-vadham ācaṣṭe-) Va1rtt. 6 ; to mar, destroy (varia lectio): Desiderative j/ighāṃsati-, te- (Potential jighāṃsīyat- ; imperfect tense ajighāṃsīḥ- ), to wish to kill or destroy etc. etc.: Intensive j/aṅghanti- (; parasmE-pada jaṅghanat-, j/aṅghnat-or gh/anighnat-), jaṅghanyate- (with pass. sense ), jeghnīyate- () , to strike = tread upon (locative case or accusative) ; to slay, kill ; to dispel (darkness) , destroy (evil, harm) ; to hurt, injure, wound [ confer, compare Greek , ; , ; Latin de-fendere,of-fendere; Lit.genu,gi4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian gu8nati.] |
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| hṛ | cl.1 P. A1. () h/arati-, te- (once in harmi-,and once in Scholiast or Commentator on -jiharti-; perfect tense P. jahāra-, jah/artha-, jahruḥ-[ -jaharuḥ-?] etc.; A1. jahre- etc.; Aorist ahār-, ahṛthās- ; ahārṣīt- etc. etc.; 3. plural A1. ahṛṣata- ; preceding hriyāt-, hṛṣīṣṭa- grammar; future hartā- etc.; hariṣyati-, te- ; Conditional ahariṣyat- ; infinitive mood h/artum-, tos-, tave-, tav/ai- ; haritum- ; ind.p. hṛtvā-, -h/āram- etc.; -h/ṛtya- etc.), to take, bear, carry in or on (with instrumental case), carry, convey, fetch, bring etc. ; to offer, present (especially with balim-) etc. ; to take away, carry off, seize, deprive of, steal, rob ; to shoot or cut or hew off, sever (the head or a limb) etc. ; to remove, destroy, dispel, frustrate, annihilate ; to turn away, avert (the face) ; A1. (older and more correct than P.), to take to one's self, appropriate (in a legitimate way), come into possession of (accusative), receive (as an heir), raise (tribute), marry (a girl) etc. ; to master, overpower, subdue, conquer, win, win over (also by bribing) etc. ; to outdo, eclipse, surpass ; to enrapture, charm, fascinate etc. ; to withhold, withdraw, keep back, retain etc. ; to protract, delay (with kālam-,"to gain time") ; (in arithmetic) to divide : Passive voice hriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist ahāri-), to be taken or seized etc. etc. etc.: Causal hārayati-, te- (Aorist ajīharat-; Passive voice hāryate-), to cause to be taken or carried or conveyed or brought by (instrumental case or accusative; confer, compare ) or to (dative case) etc. ; to cause to be taken away, appropriate, seize, rob ; to have taken from one's self, be deprived of, lose (especially at play) ; (harayate-) See pra-hṛ- ; (hārāpayati-), to lose (at play) : Desiderative j/ihīrṣati-, te- (confer, compare jihīrṣā-, ṣu-), to wish to take to one's self or appropriate, covet, desire, long for etc. ; (with kālam-), to wish to gain time : Intensive jehrīyate-; jarharīti-, jarīharīti-, jarharti-, jarīharti- (confer, compare saṃ-hṛ-) grammar ([ confer, compare Greek .]) |
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| hu | cl.3 P. () juh/oti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. juhut/e-3. plural proper j/uh-3. plural proper j/uhvati-, te- etc.;2. sg. imperative juhudh/i- etc.; hoṣi- ; parasmE-pada P. j/uhvat-; A1. j/uhvāna-[also with pass. sense];3. plural imperfect tense /ajuhavuḥ- ; perfect tense P. juhāva-, juhuvuḥ- ; A1. juhuve- ; juhv/e-, juhur/e- ; juhvire- ; juhavāṃ-cakāra- ; juhavām-āsa- ; Aorist ahauṣīt- etc.; preceding hūyāt- grammar; future hotā- ; hoṣy/ati-, te- etc.; Conditional ahoṣyat- ; infinitive mood h/otum-, tos-, tav/ai-,and ind.p. hutvā- etc.) , to sacrifice (especially pour butter into the fire) , offer or present an oblation (accusative or genitive case) to (dative case) or in (locative case), sacrifice to, worship or honour (accusative) with (instrumental case) etc. ; to sprinkle on (locative case) ; to eat : Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-), to be offered or sacrificed etc. etc.: Causal hāvayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-), to cause to sacrifice or to be sacrificed or to be honoured with sacrifice etc.: Desiderative juhūṣati-, to wish to sacrifice : Intensive johavīti- (imperfect tense ajohavīt-or ajuhavīt- ), johūyate-, johoti- (grammar), to offer oblations repeatedly or abundantly. [ confer, compare Greek in (for) , , ; Latin fu1tis,"water-pot."] |
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| hve | cl.1 P. A1. () hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve- ; hvāmahe- ; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi- ; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense] ; hvayāna- ; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ- etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e- ; juhuve-, huhurire- ; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre- ; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta- ] etc. etc.; ahvi- ; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata- ; ahvāsīt-[?] ; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te- ; hvāsyate- ; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight") etc. ; to emulate, vie with : Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc. : Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case) : Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna- ) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .] |
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| indh | cl.7 A1. inddh/e-, indhāṃ-cakre- or īdh/e-, indhiṣyate-, aindhiṣṭa-, indhitum-, to kindle, light, set on fire etc. (parasmE-pada /indhāna- ,kindling, lighting; /idhāna- ,kindled, lighted, flaming): Passive voice idhy/ate-, to be lighted ; to blaze, flame ; ([of. Greek , ; , Latin oes-tus,oes-tas; Old. German eit,"fire."]) |
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| jabh | or jambh- (cl.1. jabhate-or jambh- ; Aorist subjunctive jambhiṣat-) to snap at (genitive case) : Causal jambh/ayati- (parasmE-pada yat-) to crush, destroy : Intensive jañjabhy/ate- (and bhīti- ; parasmE-pada bhy/amāna-[ ], bhāna-[ ], bhat-[ ]) opening the jaws wide, snapping at (implying blame ) see abhi-- and jrimbh-. |
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| jyā | (see ji-) cl.9 P. jin/āti- (Potential nīy/āt-; parasmE-pada n/at-; perfect tense jijy/au-; future jyāsyati- ; ind.p. -jyāya-, ) Vedic or Veda to overpower, oppress, deprive any one (accusative) of property (accusative) etc. ; (derived fr. jy/āyas-,"senior") to become old : cl.4 A1. j/īyate- or Passive voice y/ate-, Vedic or Veda to be oppressed or treated badly, be deprived of property (or everything, sarva-jyān/im- ) etc.: Causal jyāpayati-, to call any one old : Desiderative (parasmE-pada j/ijyāsat-) to wish to overpower : Intensive jejīyate- ; see pari-- ; . |
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| kāś | cl.1 A1. kāśate- (perf. cakāśe-,3. plural śire-), to be visible, appear etc. ; to shine, be brilliant, have an agreeable appearance : cl.4. kāśyate- : Intensive P. A1. c/ākaśīti-, cākaśy/ate-, to shine brightly ; to see clearly, survey Va1rtt. 1 |
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| khai | cl.1 P. khāyati-, to make firm ; to be firm or steady ; to strike, injure, kill ; (derived fr. khāy/ate- Passive voice of khan-) to dig ; to mourn, sorrow |
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| khan | cl.1 P. kh/anati- (imperfect tense /akhanat-; perf. cakhāna-,3. plural cakhnur- ; A1. cakhne- ; pr. p. A1. kh/anamāna- ; imperative khanatāt- [ ]; Potential khanyāt-or khāyāt- ; Passive voice khāy/ate-[ ] or khanyate- ; infinitive mood khanitum- ), to dig, dig up, delve, turn up the soil, excavate, root up etc. ; to pierce (said of an arrow) (varia lectio): Causal khānayati- (once khan- ), to cause to dig or dig up etc.: Desiderative cikhaniṣati- : Intensive caṅkhanyate- or cākhāyate- ; caṅkhanti- or cākhāti- ([ confer, compare, ; Old German gine1m,gino1m; modern German ga0hne; Anglo-Saxon cina,cinan; Latin cuniculus,canalis.]) |
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| kṣi | cl.1 P. kṣayati- (only once ) cl.5 P. kṣiṇoti- ( etc.;1. sg. kṣiṇ/omi- for ṇ/āmi-of ) cl.9 P. kṣiṇ/āti- (3. plural kṣiṇ/anti-; perf. 3. dual number cikṣiyatur- on ), to destroy, corrupt, ruin, make an end of (accusative), kill, injure etc.: Passive voice kṣīy/ate- (;3. plural kṣ/īyante- ; Aorist subjunctive kṣeṣṭa-[ ] or kṣāyi- ; Conditional akṣeṣyata- ), to be diminished, decrease, wane (as the moon) , waste away, perish etc. ; to pass (said of the night) : Causal P. kṣapayati- (future yiṣyati-), rarely A1. te- ( ) , very rarely kṣayayati- ( edition Calc.) , to destroy, ruin, make an end of (accusative), finish etc. ; to weaken ; to pass (as the night or time, kṣapām-, pās-, kālam-) ; ([ see , etc.]) |
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| labh | (confer, compare rabh-) cl.1 A1. () labhate- (Epic also ti-and lambhate-; perfect tense lebh/e-, Epic also lalābha-; Aorist alabdha-, alapsata- ; preceding lapsīya- ; future labdhā- grammar; lapsyate-, ti- etc.; labhiṣyati- ; infinitive mood labdhum- ; ind.p. labdhv/ā- etc.; -labhya-, -lambham- etc.; lābham- ), to take, seize, catch ; catch sight of, meet with, find etc. etc. (with antaram-,to find an opportunity, make an impression, be effective;with avakāśam-,to find scope, be appropriate;with kālam-,to find the right time or moment) ; to gain possession of, obtain, receive, conceive, get, receive ("from" ablative;"as" accusative), recover (with garbham-,"to conceive an embryo","become pregnant";with padam-,to obtain a footing) ; to gain the power of (doing anything), succeed in, be permitted or allowed to (infinitive mood or dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' labhate draṣṭum-,or darśanāya-,"he is able or allowed to see") etc. ; to possess, have ; to perceive, know, understand, learn, find out : Passive voice labhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist alābhi-or alambhi-,with preposition only alambhi-; confer, compare ), to be taken or caught or met with or found or got or obtained etc. ; to be allowed or permitted (infinitive mood sometimes with pass. sense exempli gratia, 'for example' nādharmo labhyate kartum-,"injustice ought not to be done", confer, compare above) ; to follow, result ; to be comprehended by (ablative) : Causal lambhayati-, te- (Aorist alalambhat-), to cause to take or receive or obtain, give, bestow (generally with two accusative;rarely with accusative and instrumental case = to present with;in with two accusative and instrumental case; confer, compare ) etc. ; to get, procure (confer, compare lambhita-) ; to find out, discover ; to cause to suffer ; Desiderative l/ipsate- (mc. also ti- līpsate-), to wish to seize or take or catch or obtain or receive (with accusative or genitive case;"from" ablative) : Intensive lālabhyate-, lālambhīti- or lālabdhi- grammar ([ Greek , ; Latin labor; Lithuanian la4bas, l/obis-.]) |
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| lup | (see rup-), cl.6. P. A1. () lump/ati-, te- (perfect tense lulopa-, lulupe- etc.; Aorist alupat-, alupta- grammar; preceding, lopsiya- ; loptā-, lopsyati-, te- grammar; infinitive mood loptum- ; ind.p. luptvā- etc.; -l/upya- ; -l/umpam- ; lopaṃ- ), to break, violate, hurt, injure, spoil ; to seize, fall or pounce upon (accusative) ; to rob, plunder, steal ; to cheat (said of a merchant) ; to take away, suppress, waste, cause to disappear ; to elide, erase, omit (a letter, word etc.) ; cl.4 P. lupyati- (perfect tense lulopa-; future lopitā-, lopiṣyati-,etc.) , to disturb, bewilder, perplex, confound : Passive voice lupy/ate- ( l/upyate-; Aorist alopi-), to be broken etc. etc. ; to be wasted or destroyed ; (in gram.) to be suppressed or lost or elided, disappear ; to be confounded or bewildered : Causal lopayati-, te- (Aorist alūlupat- ; alulopat- grammar; Passive voice lopyate-), to cause to break or violate, cause to swerve from (ablative) ; to break, violate, infringe, neglect etc. ; (A1.) to cause to disappear, efface : Desiderative lulupsati- or lulopiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lolopti- (parasmE-pada lolupat-), to confound, bewilder, perplex ; lolupyate- equals garirhitaṃ- lumpati- ; to be greedy, in a-lolupyamāna- q.v ([For cognate wordsSee under rup-.]) |
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| mā | cl.2 P. () māti- ; cl.3 A1. () m/imīte- ; cl.4. A1. () māyate- (Ved. and Epic also mimāti- Potential mimīyāt- imperative, mimīhi-; Potential mimet- ; perfect tense mam/au-, mame-, mamir/e- ; Aorist /aināsi- subjunctive masātai- ; amāsīt- grammar; preceding māsīṣṭa-, meyāt- ; future mātā-; māsyati-, māsyate- ; infinitive mood m/e- -m/ai- ; mātum- ; ind.p. mitv/ā-, -m/āya- etc.) , to measure, mete out, mark off etc. ; to measure across = traverse ; to measure (by any standard) , compare with (instrumental case) ; (māti-) to correspond in measure (either with genitive case,"to be large or long enough for";or with locative case,"to find room or be contained in" ;or with na-and instrumental case,"to be beside one's self with" ) ; to measure out, apportion, grant ; to help any one (accusative) to anything (dative case) ; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make ; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta-,"he displayed or developed himself", ) ; (in philosophy) to infer, conclude ; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi-) : Passive voice mīy/ate- (Aorist amāyi-) ; to be measured etc. Causal , māpayati-, te- (Aorist amīmapat- Va1rtt. 2 ), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect etc.: Desiderative mitsati-, te- (confer, compare nir-mā-): Intensive memīyate- [ confer, compare Zend ma1; Greek , ; Latin me1tior,mensus,mensura; Slavonic or Slavonian me8ra; Lithuanian me3ra4.] |
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| mahīya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to be joyous or happy etc. ; to prosper ; to be exalted, rise high ; to be highly esteemed or honoured (also pr. p. Passive voice mahīyyamāna- ) |
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| man | cl.8.4. A1. () manut/e-, m/anyate- (Epic also ti-;3. plural manvat/e- ; perfect tense mene- etc.; mamn/āthe-, n/āts- ; Aorist /amata-, /amanmahi- subjunctive manāmahe-, mananta-, parasmE-pada manān/a- q.v ; maṃsi-, amaṃsta- subjunctive maṃsate- preceding maṃsīṣṭa-,1. Persian mc. masīya- ; māṃsta- , stādm- ; mandhvam- ; amaniṣṭa- grammar; future maṃsyate- , ti- ; manta-, manitā- grammar; maniṣyate- ; infinitive mood mantum- etc., m/antave-, tavai- , m/antos- ; ind.p. matv/ā- etc.; manitvā- grammar; -matya- etc.; -manya- etc.) , to think, believe, imagine, suppose, conjecture etc. (manye-,I think, methinks, is in later language often inserted in a sentence without affecting the construction; confer, compare gaRa cādi-and ) ; to regard or consider any one or anything (accusative) as (accusative with or without iva-,or adverb,often in -vat-;in later language also dative case,to express contempt[ confer, compare ], exempli gratia, 'for example' gaRa rājyaṃ tṛṇaya- manye-,"I value empire at a straw" id est I make light of it equals laghu- man-,and opp. to bahu-,or sādhu- man-,to think much or well of, praise, approve) ; to think one's self or be thought to be, appear as, pass for (Nominal verb;also with iva-) ; to be of opinion, think fit or right etc. ; to agree or be of the same opinion with (accusative) ; to set the heart or mind on, honour, esteem (with nau-,disdain) , hope or wish for (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to think of (in prayer etc., either"to remember, meditate on", or"mention, declare", or"excogitate, invent") ; to perceive, observe, learn, know, understand, comprehend (accusative,Ved. also genitive case). etc. ; to offer, present : Causal () mānayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist amīmanat-; Passive voice mānyate-), to honour, esteem, value highly (also with uru-, bahu-and sādhu-) etc. ; (A1.) stambhe- ; garvake- : Desiderative () mīmāṃsate- (rarely ti-; amīmāṃsiṣṭhās- ; mīmāṃsy/ate- ; mimaṃsate-, mimaniṣate- grammar), to reflect upon, consider, examine, investigate etc. ; to call in question, doubt ("with regard to" locative case) : Desiderative of Desiderative mimāmiṣate- grammar : Intensive manmanyate-, manmanti- [ confer, compare Zend man; Greek ,, Latin meminisse,monere; Slavonic or Slavonian and Lithuanian mine4ti; Gothic ga-munan; Germ,meinen; English mean.] |
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| math | or manth- (q.v) cl.1.9. P. () māthati-, m/anthati-, mathn/āti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. m/athate-, m/anthate-and mathnīte-; imperative mathnadhvam- ; perfect tense mamātha- ;3. plural mamathuḥ- ; methuḥ-, methire- ; mamantha-, nthuḥ- ; Aorist mathīt- ; amanthiṣṭām- ; amathiṣata- ; future mathiṣyati-, te- manthiṣyati- etc.; mathitā- ; infinitive mood mathitum- etc.; tos- ; m/anthitav/ai- ; ind.p. mathitv/ā-, -m/athya- etc.; manthitvā-, ; -manthya-and -mātham- etc.) . to stir or whirl round etc. ; (with agnim-), to produce fire by rapidly whirling round or rotating a dry stick (araṇi-) in another dry stick prepared to receive it ; (with araṇim-), to rotate the stick for producing fire ; (with ūrum-, hastam-etc.) , to use friction upon any part of the body with the object of producing offspring from it ; to churn (milk into butter) , produce by churning etc. (also with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' sudhāṃ- kṣīra-nidhim mathnāti-,"he churns nectar out of the ocean of milk" on ) ; to mix, mingle ; to stir up, shake, agitate, trouble disturb, afflict, distress, hurt, destroy etc. etc.: Passive voice mathy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to be stirred up or churned etc. etc. etc.: Causal manthayati- (), māthayati- (), to cause to be stirred up or churned etc.: Desiderative mimathiṣati-, mimanthiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmathyate-, māmantti- etc. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin mentha,menta; Lit.mentu4re; German minza,Minze; Anglo-Saxon minte; English mint.] |
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| mi | (see 3. mā-and mī-) cl.5. P. A1. () min/oti-, minute- (perfect tense P. mimāya-, mimy/uḥ- , mamau-,Gr,; A1. mimye- grammar Aorist amāsīt-, sta- ; preceding mīyāt-, māsīṣṭa- ; future mātā-, māsyati-, te- ; parasmE-pada meṣyat-[?] ; ind.p. -mitya- , -māya- grammar), to fix or fasten in the earth, set up, found, build, construct ; to mete out, measure ; to judge, observe, perceive, know ; to cast, throw, scatter : Passive voice mīy/ate- (Aorist amāyi- grammar), to be fixed etc. : Causal māpayati- (Aorist amīmapat-) grammar : Desiderative mitsati-, te- : Intensive memīyate-, memayīte-, memeti- |
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| mī | cl.9 P. A1. () mīnāti-, mīnīte- (Ved. also min/āti-and minoti-; m/īyate-or mīy/ate-[ ]; mimītas-, mimīyāt-[?]; perfect tense mimāya- ; mīmaya- ; mamau-, mimye- grammar; Aorist amāsīt-, amāsta- grammar; meṣṭa- ; Aorist Passive voice /amāyi- ; preceding mīyāt-, māsīṣṭa- grammar; future mātā-, māsyati-, te- grammar; meṣyate- ; infinitive mood -m/iyam-, -miye- ; m/etos- ; ind.p. mītvā-, -mīya-, māya- grammar), to lessen, diminish, destroy (A. and Passive voice to perish, disappear, die) ; to lose one's way, go astray ; to transgress, violate, frustrate, change, alter : Causal māpayati- Aorist amīmapat-. See pra-mī- ; Desiderative mitsati-, te- grammar : Intensive memīyate-, memayīti-, memeti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin minuere; Slavonic or Slavonian mi8nij; German minniro,minre,minder; Anglo-Saxon min.] |
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| mṛ | cl.6 A1. () mriy/ate- (Epic and mc. also P. ti-; cl.1 P. A1. marati-, m/arate- ; imperative mara-, ; perfect tense mam/āra-, mamruḥ- etc.; parasmE-pada mamṛv/as- ; A1. mamrire- ; Aorist amṛta- subjunctive mṛthāh- ; Potential murīya-. ; mriṣīṣṭa- ; future martā- grammar; mariṣyati- etc.; te- ; infinitive mood martum- etc.; martave- ; ind.p. mṛtv/ā- ; -māram- ), to die, decease etc. etc.: Passive voice mriyate- (confer, compare above;sometimes used impers, with instrumental case; perfect tense mamre-; Aorist amāri-) : Causal mār/ayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist, amīmarat-): Passive voice māryate-, to cause to die, kill, slay etc. etc.: Desiderative of Causal See mimārayiṣu-: Desiderative mumūrṣati- () , to wish or be about to die, face death : Intensive memrīyate-, marmarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend mar,mareta; Greek for ; Latin mors,morioretc.; Slavonic or Slavonian mre8ti; Lithuanian mi4rti; Gothic maurthr; German Mord,morden; English murder.]) |
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| mṝ | (see mṛ-and mṛṇ-) cl.9 P. () mṛṇāti- (imperative mṛṇīh/i- ; subjunctive mumurat- ; perfect tense mamāra- grammar; Aorist amārīt- ; Causal Aorist /amīmṛṇan- : Passive voice mūry/ate- ), to crush, smash, break, kill, destroy |
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| mṛj | (confer, compare marj-, mārj-and mṛś-) cl.2 P. m/ārṣṭi- (Ved. also A1. mṛṣṭ/e-and cl.6 P. A1. mṛj/ati-, te-,3. plural mṛñjata- ; Potential mṛñjyāt- ; cl.1 P. mārjati-, te- ; perfect tense mamārja-, mamṛj/e- etc.;3. plural mamārjuḥ- ; māmṛjuḥ- ; A1. māmṛj/e-, jīta- ; Aorist amṛkṣat-, ṣata- ; amārkṣīt-and amārjīt- ; future mraṣṭā- ; mārṣṭā-or mārjitā- grammar; mrakṣyate-or mārkṣyate- etc.; mārjiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood marṣṭum-, mārṣṭum-and mārjitum- etc.; ind.p. mṛṣvā- ; -mṛjya- ; -mārjya- ), to wipe, rub, cleanse, polish, clean, purify, embellish, adorn (A1.also "one's self") etc. ; to make smooth, curry (exempli gratia, 'for example' a horse or other animal) ; to stroke ; to wipe off or out, remove, destroy etc. ; to wipe off or transfer (impurity, debt etc.) from one's self upon (locative case) ; to carry away, win ; (mārṣṭi-), to go (): Causal or cl.10. marjayati-, te- (Ved., mārjayati-, te- etc.; Aorist amamārjat- grammar; amīmṛjanta- ; Passive voice mārjate- ), to wipe, rub, cleanse, purify, adorn etc. ; to wipe off, remove, destroy ; (marjayate-), to move about, roam (): Desiderative mimārjiṣati- and mimṛkṣati- grammar : Intensive marmṛjīti- (jm/a-, janta-, parasmE-pada jān/a-), marmṛjy/ate- ; marīmṛjy/ate- ; marmārṣṭi- grammar ; to rub or wipe off, clean, purify (A.also "one's self").[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mulgere; Slavonic or Slavonian mle8sti; Lithuanian mi4lsti; German,melke,Milch; English milk.] |
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| muc | cl.6 P. A1. () muñc/ati-, te- ( also, muc/anti-, mucasva-; parasmE-pada muñcāna- ; perfect tense, mum/oca-, mumuc/e-, Vedic or Veda , also, mum/ocat-, m/umocati-, mumucas-, mumoktu-, amumuktam-; Aorist /amok- ; imperative mogdh/i- ; amauk- ; /amucat- ; amukṣi-, mukṣata- ; preceding mucīṣṭa- ; mukṣīya- ; future, moktā-, ; mokṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood moktum- etc.; ind.p. muktv/ā- , -m/ucya- , m/okam-, ), to loose, let loose, free, let go, slacken, release, liberate ("from", ablative or -tas-; A1.and Passive voice with ablative or instrumental case,rarely with genitive case"to free one's self, get rid of, escape from") etc., etc. (with kaṇṭham-,to relax the throat id est raise a cry;with raśmīn-,to slacken the reins;with prāṇān-,to deprive of life, kill) ; to spare, let live ; to set free, allow to depart, dismiss, despatch ("to" , loc. or dative case) etc. ; to relinquish, abandon, leave, quit, give up, set aside, depose (with kalevaram-, deham-, prāṇān-or jīvitam-,to quit the body or give up the ghost id est to die) ; to yield, grant, bestow ; to send forth, shed, emit, utter, discharge, throw, cast, hurl, shoot at ("or upon" locative case dative case,or accusative with or without prati-;with ablative and ātmānam-,to throw one's self down from) etc. ; (A1.) to put on (Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice mucy/ate- (or m/ucyate-, Epic also ti-and future mokṣyati-; Aorist /amoci-), to be loosed, to be set free or released etc. ; to deliver one's self from, to get rid of, escape (especially from sin or the bonds of existence) etc. ; to abstain from (ablative) ; to be deprived or destitute of (instrumental case) : Causal mocayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist amūmucat-), to cause to loose or let go or give up or discharge or shed (with two accusative) ; to unloose, unyoke, unharness (horses) ; to set free, liberate, absolve from (ablative) etc. ; to redeem (a pledge) ; to open (a road) ; to give away, spend, bestow ; to gladden, delight, yield enjoyment : Desiderative of Causal mumocayiṣati-, to wish to deliver (from the bondage of existence) (confer, compare, mumocayiṣu-): Desiderative mumukṣati-, te-, (P.) to wish or be about to set free ; to be about to give up or relinquish (life) ; to wish or intend to cast or hurl ; (A1.) to wish to free one's self ; to desire final liberation or beatitude (confer, compare mokṣ-): Intensive momucyate- or monokti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mungo,mucus.]) |
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| nī | (for 1.See) cl.1 P. A1. () nayati- te- (perfect tense P. nināya-,2. sg. ninetha- plural nīnima- ; subjunctive ninīth/as- Potential ninīyāt- ; imperative ninetu- ; A1. ninye- etc.; -nayām āsa- ; -nayāṃ cakre- ; Aorist P.3. dual number anītām- subjunctive n/eṣi-, neth/ā- ; anaiṣīt- subjunctive neṣati-, ṣat-,3. plural A1. aneṣata- ; anayīt- ; future neṣyati- ; te- ; nayiṣyati-, te- ; n/etā-, nayitā- ; ind.p. nītvā- etc.; nayitvā- ; n/īya- etc.; infinitive mood neṣ/aṇi- ; n/etavai-, tos-and nayitum- ; n/etum- etc.), to lead, guide, conduct, direct, govern (also with agram-and genitive case; see agra-ṇī-) etc. ; to lead etc. towards or to (accusative with or without prati- dative case, locative case or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') ; to lead or keep away, exclude from (ablative) ; (A1.) to carry off for one's self (as a victor, owner etc.) ; (A1.,rarely P.) to lead home id est marry ; to bring into any state or condition (with accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' with vaśam-,to bring into subjection, subdue[A1. ; P. ];with śūdra-tām-,to reduce to a śūdra- ;with sākṣyam-[A1.],to admit as a witness, ;with vyāghra-tām-,to change into a tiger ;with vikrayam-,to sell ;with paritoṣam-,to satisfy ;with duḥkham-,to pain ;rarely, with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' duhitṛ-tve-,to make a person one's daughter ;or with an adverb in -sāt- exempli gratia, 'for example' bhasmasāt-to reduce to ashes ) ; to draw (a line etc.) ; to pass or spend (time) etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to bear the rod id est inflict punishment (with vyavahāram-) to conduct a process ; (with kriyām-) to conduct a ceremony, preside over a religious act ; to trace, track, find out, ascertain, settle, decide (with anyathā-,"wrongly") etc. ; (A1.) to be foremost or chief : Causal nāyayati-, te-, to cause to lead etc. ; to cause to be led by (instrumental case) (see Va1rtt. 5 ) : Desiderative n/inīṣati-, te- ( , w. r. nineṣati-), to wish to lead or bring or carry to or into (accusative or dative case) etc. ; to wish to carry away ; to wish to spend or pass (time) ; to wish to exclude from (ablative) ; to wish to find out or ascertain, investigate : Intensive nenīy/ate- to lead as a captive, have in one's power, rule, govern |
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| nipriyāya | (fr. ni-priya-) Nom. A1. y/ate-, to keep in one's possession, not to be willing to give up (accusative) |
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| pā | cl.1 P. () p/ibati- (Ved. and Epic also A1. te-; rarely pipati-, te- ) cl.2. pāti-, pāth/as-, pānti- ; parasmE-pada A1. papān/a- , p/ipāna- (perfect tense P. pap/au-,2. sg. papātha- ; papitha- ; papīyāt- ; p. papiv/as- ; A1. pape-, papire- ; p. papān/a- ; Aorist or imperfect tense apāt- [ confer, compare ] ; 3. plural apuḥ-[?] ; -pāsta- ; preceding 3. sg. peyās- ; future pāsyati-, te- etc.; pātā- grammar; ind.p. pītv/ā- etc., tvī- ; -pāya- etc.; -pīya- ; pāyam- ; infinitive mood p/ibadhyai- ; pātum- etc.; p/ātave- ; p/ātava/ī- ), to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow (with accusative,rarely genitive case) etc. ; (met.) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears etc.) etc. ; to drink up, exhaust, absorb ; to drink intoxicating liquors : Passive voice pīy/ate- etc. etc.: Causal pāyayati-, te- (perfect tense pāyayām āsā- ; Aorist apīpyat- ; ind.p. pāyayitvā- ; infinitive mood p/āyayitav/ai- ), to cause to drink, give to drink, water (horses or cattle) etc. etc.: Desiderative pipāsati- ( also pipīṣati-), to wish to drink, thirst : Desiderative of Causal pipāyayiṣati-, to wish or intend to give to drink : Intensive pepīyate- (parasmE-pada yamāna-also with pass meaning) , to drink greedily or repeatedly [ confer, compare Greek; AEolic = ; Latin pa1-tus,po1tum,biboforpi-bo; Slavonic or Slavonian pi-ja,pi-ti] |
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| pac | cl.1 P. A1. () p/acati-, te- (cl.4. A1. p/acyate- confer, compare below; parasmE-pada pacāna- [ confer, compare kim-pacāna-]; perfect tense papāca-[2. sg. papaktha-or pecitha- ], pecur-; pece-, pecire-[ /apeciran-, ; peciran- on ]; Aorist p/akṣat- ; apākṣīt-, apakta- grammar; preceding pacyāt- ; future pakṣyati-, te-or paktā- ; ind.p. paktv/ā- ; infinitive mood p/aktave- ; paktum-, ), to cook, bake, roast, boil (A1.also "for one's self") etc. ; (with double accusative) to cook anything out of (exempli gratia, 'for example' tandulān odanam pacati-,"he cooks porridge out of rice-grains") ; to bake or burn (bricks) ; to digest ; to ripen, mature, bring to perfection or completion etc. ; (with double accusative) to develop or change into (exempli gratia, 'for example' puṇyāpuṇyaṃ sukhāsukham-,"merit and demerit into weal or woe") ; (intrans.) to become ripe or mature : Passive voice pacy/ate- (ti- ; Aorist apāci- grammar), to be cooked or burnt or melted or digested or ripened or developed etc. ; to be tormented ; also intrans. equals p/acyate- (confer, compare above) , to become ripe or mature, to develop or ripen (with accusative of the fruit that is borne or ripens ; confer, compare Va1rtt. 14 ; lok/aḥ p/acyamānaḥ-,"the developing world") : Causal pācayati-, te- (Aorist apīpacat- grammar; Passive voice pācyate-, parasmE-pada cyamāna- ) ; to cause to cook or be cooked (A1."for one's self") , to have cooked or to cook etc. (confer, compare ) ; to cause to ripen ; to bring to completion or to an end, cure, heal : Desiderative pipakṣati- grammar : Intensive pāpacīti- grammar ; pāpacyate-, to be much cooked, to cook very much or burn excessively, to be much afflicted : Desiderative of Intensive pāpacishati-, te- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin coquo; Slavonic or Slavonian peka,pes8ti.]) |
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| pan | cl.1 A1. p/anate- (perfect tense -papana-, papn/e- Aorist 3. sg. paniṣṭa-), to be worthy of admiration or to admire (accusative) : Passive voice pany/ate- : Causal pan/ayati-, te-, to regard with surprise or wonder, to admire, praise, acknowledge ; (A1.) to rejoice at, be glad of (genitive case) (see paṇ-; paṇāya-). |
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| panasya | Nom. A1. sy/ate- (P. sy/ati- ), to excite admiration or praise |
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| paripraṇī | ( nī-,only Passive voice -ṇīy/ate-) to fetch from (ablative) |
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| parivah | P. -vahati- (), to carry about or round etc. ; to drag about ; to flow around ; to lead home the nuptial train or the bride, take to wife, marry (Passive voice -uhy/ate-, parasmE-pada -uhy/amāna-) |
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| pī | (connected with1 pā-to which belong pass. pīy/ate-,pp. pīta-, pītvā-etc.) cl.4 A1. pīyate-, to drink |
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| piś | (piṃś-) cl.6 P. () piṃśati-, Ved. also A1. te- (perfect tense pip/eśa-, pipiś/e- śre- ; Aorist parasmE-pada piśān/a- ; apeśīt- grammar; future peśiṣyati-, peśitā- grammar), to hew out, carve, prepare (especially meat), make ready, adorn (A1. also"one's self") ; to form, fashion, mould : Passive voice piśy/ate- : Causal peśayate- Aorist apīpiśat- grammar : Desiderative pipiśiṣati- or pipeśiṣati- : Intensive See p/epiśat-, śāna-. ([ confer, compare Greek ; Slavonic or Slavonian pisati; Anglo-Saxon fa7h.]) |
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| pṝ | cl.9 P. () pṛṇ/āti- ; cl.6 P. ( pṛṇ-, ) priṇ/ati- ; cl.3 P. () p/iparti- (also A1.; imperative pipīpṛhi- ; perfect tense papāra-,3. plural paparuḥ-,or papruḥ- ; pupūre-, rire- ; -pupūryās- ; papṛv/as-[?] ; Aorist apārīt- grammar, pūriṣṭhās- ; imperative pūrdh/i- ; preceding priyāsam- , pūryāt- grammar; future parīṣyati-, parītā- grammar; ind.p. pūrtvā- grammar, -pūrya- ; -pūram-[in compound with its object; confer, compare udara-p-, goṣpada-p-, carma-p-.and ]; infinitive mood pṛṇ/adhyai- ; -puras- ; pūritum- ), to fill (A1."one's self") ; to fill with air, blow into (accusative) ; to sate, cherish, nourish, bring up ; to refresh (as the pitṛ-s) (Aorist apārīt- varia lectio atārpsīt-) ; to grant abundantly, bestow on (dative case), present with (instrumental case) (often parasmE-pada pṛṇ/at-= bounteous, liberal, ungrudging) ; to fulfil, satisfy (as a wish) : Passive voice pūry/ate- (Epic also ti-,and A1. p/ūryate-, parasmE-pada p/ūyamāṇa-), to be filled with, become full of (instrumental case), be sated etc. ; to become complete (as a number) : Causal pārayati-, to fill ; to fulfil (only Aorist pīparat-) ; pūr/ayati- (), te- (Passive voice pūryate-[ confer, compare above]; Aorist apūri-, apūriṣṭa-), to fill, fill up with (instrumental case) etc. ; to fill (with a noise, said also of the noise itself) ; to fill with wind, blow (a conch) ; to draw (a bow or an arrow to the ear) ; to make full, complete, supplement (a sentence) ; to cover completely, overspread, bestrew, surround etc. ; to load or enrich or present with (instrumental case) ; to fulfil (a wish or hope) etc. ; to spend completely (a period of time) : Desiderative piparīṣati-, pupūrṣati- grammar : Intensive pāparti-, popūrti-, popūryate- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin plere,plenus; Lit.pi4lti,pi4lnas; Slavonic or Slavonian plu8nu8; Gothic fulls; German voll; English full.] |
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| prach | cl.6 P. (), pṛcchati- (Ved. and Epic also A1. pṛcchate-; perfect tense papraccha- etc., papṛkṣ/e-[?] ; Aorist /aprākṣīt- etc., /aprāṭ- , apraṣṭa- ; future prakṣyati- etc., praṣṭā- grammar; ind.p. pṛṣṭvā-, -pṛcchya- ; infinitive mood pr/aṣṭum- etc., -p/ṛccham-, cche- ), to ask, question, interrogate (accusative) ; to ask after inquire about (accusative) ; to ask or interrogate any one (accusative) about anything (accusative dative case locative case, prati-,or adhikṛtya-with accusative; arthe-or hetoḥ- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') (pr.p. A1. pṛcchamāna-,"asking one's self") etc. etc. ; (in astrology) to consult the future ; (with nāmato mātaram-) to inquire about one's (genitive case) mother's name ; (with na-) not to trouble one's self with ; to seek, wish, long for ; to ask, demand, beg, entreat (accusative) : Passive voice pṛcchy/ate-, to be asked or questioned about (act. dative case etc., as above ) etc. etc.: Causal pracchayati- (Aorist apapracchat-) grammar : Desiderative pipṛcchiṣati- : Intensive parīpṛcchyate- [Orig. pṛk-; confer, compare Latin preces,procus;poscereforporscere; Slavonic or Slavonian prositi; Lithuanian praszy4ti; German fra7he7n,fragen;forsko7n,forschen.] |
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| priyāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to treat kindly (varia lectio priyam ivācarate- ; see prīyāya-) ; to make friends with (instrumental case) |
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| pū | cl.9 P. A1. () pun/āti-, punīt/e- (3. plural A1. pun/ate- , punat/e- ;2. sg. imperative P. punīhi- etc., punāh/i- ) ; cl.1. A1. () p/avate- (of P.only imperative -pava- ,and parasmE-pada genitive case plural pavatām- ; parasmE-pada A1. punān/a-below, p/avamāna-See;1. sg. A1. punīṣe- ; perfect tense pupuvuh-. ve- ; apupot- ; Aorist apāviṣuḥ- subjunctive apaviṣṭa- ; future paviṣyati-, pavitā- grammar; ind.p. pūtv/ā- ; pūtv/ī- ; pavitvā- grammar; -p/ūya-and -pāvam- etc.; infinitive mood pavitum- ), to make clean or clear or pure or bright, cleanse, purify, purge, clarify, illustrate, illume (with s/aktum-,"to cleanse from chaff, winnow";with kr/atum-or manīṣ/ām-,"to enlighten the understanding";with hiraṇyam-,"to wash gold") etc. ; (met.) to sift, discriminate, discern ; to think of or out, invent, compose (as a hymn) ; (A1. p/avate-) to purify one's self. be or become clear or bright ; (especially) to flow off clearly (said of the soma-) ; to expiate, atone for ; to pass so as to purify ; to purify in passing or pervading, ventilate etc. (confer, compare pav-): Passive voice pūy/ate-, to be cleaned or washed or purified ; to be freed or delivered from (ablative) etc.: Causal pav/ayati- or pāvayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpavat- grammar; Passive voice pāvyate- ), to cleanse, purify : Desiderative , pupūṣati-, pipaviṣate- grammar : Desiderative of Causal pipāvayiṣati- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Umbr.pir; German Feuer; English fire.]) |
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| pyai | or pyāy- cl.1 A1. () py/āyate- (perfect tense papye- grammar; Aorist apyāyi- ; apyāsam- ; preceding pyāyiṣīmahi-or pyāsiṣīmahi- ; future pyāsyate-or pyāyiṣyate- grammar; pyātā-, pyāyitā- ), to swell, be exuberant, overflow: Causal pyāy/ayati-, te- etc. ; (Passive voice pyāyy/ate- ) to make overflow, fill up (mostly in compound with ā--See ā-pyai-; see pi-, pī-). |
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| ric | cl.7 P. A1. () riṇ/akti-, riṅkte- cl.1 P. () recati- ; cl.4 A1. (confer, compare Passive voice) r/icyate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense rir/eca-, riric/e- etc. etc.: riricyām-, arirecīt- ; parasmE-pada ririkv/as-, riricān/a- ; Aorist /āraik- ; arikṣi- ; aricat- ; future rektā- grammar, rekṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood rektum- grammar), to empty, evacuate, leave, give up, resign ; to release, set free ; to part with id est sell ("for" instrumental case) ; to leave behind, take the place of (accusative), supplant ; to separate or remove from (ablative) : Passive voice ricy/ate- (Aorist areci-), to be emptied etc. etc. ; to be deprived of or freed from (ablative) ; to be destroyed, perish : Causal (or cl.10. ; Aorist arīricat-), to make empty ; to discharge, emit (as breath, with or scilicet mārutam-), ; to abandon, give up : Desiderative ririkṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive rericyate-, rerekti- [ confer, compare Zend ric; Greek , ; Latin linquo,licet; Lithuanian likti; Gothic leihwan; Anglo-Saxon leo4n; English loan,lend; German li7han,leihen.] |
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| rih | (Vedic. form of lih-) cl.6. 2. P. rih/ati- r/eḍhi- (or r/eḷhi-;3. plural A1. rihat/e-; pr. p. rihāṇ/a-or r/ihāṇa-), to lick, kiss, caress ; (rihati-) to praise, worship ; (Imp. ririḍḍhi-, rirīhi-) to ask, implore ; also varia lectio for riph- : Intensive rerihy/ate- (r/erihat-, hāṇa-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order), to lick or, kiss again and again, caress repeatedly |
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| sacasya | Nom. A1. sy/ate-, to receive assistance or care |
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| śamāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to fatigue or exert one's self. ; to set at rest, put to death, kill, slay ; (P.) to strive after mental calm |
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| śaṃs | cl.1 P. () ś/aṃsati- (mc. also A1.; perfect tense śaśaṃsa-, se- etc.; śaṃsuḥ-, sire- ; parasmE-pada śaṃsivas- q.v; Aorist aśaṃsīt- etc., etc.: subjunctive śaṃsiṣat- ;2. plural śasta- ; śastāt- ;1. sg. śaṃsi- ; preceding śasyāt-. grammar; future śaṃsitā- ; śaṃsiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood śaṃsitum- ; -śase- ; indeclinable parasmE-pada śastv/ā-, -śasya-, -śaṃsam- etc.; -śaṃsya- ), to recite, repeat (especially applied to the recitation of texts in the invocations addressed by the hotṛ- to the adhvaryu-, when śaṃs-is written śoṃs-and the formulas śoṃsāmas-, śoṃsāvas-, śoṃsāva-are used;See 2. ā-hāva-) ; to praise, extol etc. ; to praise, commend, approve ; to vow, make a vow (?) ; to wish anything (accusative) to (dative case) to relate, say, tell, report, declare, announce to (genitive case or dative case;"who or where anybody is" accusative;also with two acc, "to declare anybody or anything to be-") etc. ; to foretell, predict, prognosticate etc. ; to calumniate, revile ; to hurt, injure ; to be unhappy : Passive voice śasy/ate-, to be recited or uttered or praised or approved etc. etc.: Causal śaṃsayati- (Aorist aśaśaṃsat-), to cause to repeat or recite ; to predict, foretell : Desiderative śiśaṃsiṣati- grammar : Intensive śāśasyate-, śāśaṃsti- [ confer, compare Latin carmenforcasmen;casme1nacame1na;censeo.] |
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| sañj | (or saj-) cl.1 P. () s/ajati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense sasañja- etc. [in some rare and doubtful cases in and sasajja-];3. plural sejuḥ- ; Aorist asāṅkṣīt-, sāṅkṣīt-,UP. etc.; asañji- ; /asakthās-, ta- ; preceding sajyāt- grammar; future saṅktā-, saṅkṣyati- ; infinitive mood saktum- ; saṅktos- ; ind.p. -sajya-, -s/aṅgam- etc.) , to cling or stick or adhere to, be attached to or engaged in or occupied with (locative case) : Passive voice sajy/ate- (generally sajjate-, Epic also ti-), to be attached or fastened, adhere, cling, stick (with na-,"to fly through without sticking", as an arrow) etc. ; to linger, hesitate ; to be devoted to or intent on or occupied with (locative case) etc.: Causal sañjayati- (Aorist asasañjat-;for sajjayati-See sajj-), to cause to stick or cling to, unite or connect with (locative case) : Desiderative sisaṅkṣati- See ā-sañj-: Intensive sāsajyate-, sāsaṅkti- grammar ([ confer, compare according to to some, Latin segnis; Lithuanian segu4,"I attach."]) |
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| śiṣ | cl.7 P. () śinaṣṭi- (in also śiṃṣati-,in later lang. pr. p. śeṣat-; imperative śiṇḍḍhi-or śiṇḍhi- ; perfect tense śiśeṣa- grammar; śiśiṣe- ; Aorist aśiś-hat- ; preceding śiṣyāt- grammar; future śeṣṭā- ; śekṣyati-, te- ; ind.p. śiṣṭvā- ; śiṣya-, -śeṣam- etc.) , to leave, leave remaining (according to to also "to distinguish") : Passive voice śiṣy/ate-, to be left, remain (with na-,"to be lacking") etc.: Causal (or cl.10.;See ) śeṣayati-, te- (Aorist aśīśiṣat-), to cause or allow to remain, leave, spare etc.: Desiderative śiśikṣati- grammar : Intensive śeśiṣyate-, śeśeṣṭi- |
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| sku | cl.5.9. P. A1. ( ) skunoti-, skunute- ; skunāti-, skunīte- (only -skunoti-and -skauti-[ ] and askunāt-[ ], skutvā-?[ ] and -skāvam-[ ]; see ā-sku-and niḥ-ṣku-[add.]) , to tear, pluck, pick, poke ; to cover : Passive voice skūy/ate-, to be stirred (as fire) : Causal skāvayati- (Aorist acuskavat-) grammar : Desiderative cuskūṣati-, te- : Intensive coṣkūy/ate-, to gather up, collect ; coskūyate-, coskoti- grammar |
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| smṛ | cl.1 P. () sm/arati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense sasmāra-, sasmartha-, sasmaruḥ- etc.; Aorist asmārṣīt-, ṣuḥ- ; future smartā-, smariṣyati- ; infinitive mood smartum- ; ind.p. smṛtvā- ; smaritvā- ; -smṛtya-, smāram-[ q.v ] etc.) , to remember, recollect, bear in mind, call to mind, think of, be mindful of (genitive case or accusative;the action remembered is expressed by a past participle or an imperfect tense with yad-,"that", or by a future without yad-;the future may stand with yad-,if there are two actions; confer, compare ) etc. ; to remember or think of with sorrow or regret ; to hand down memoriter, teach, declare ; to recite : Passive voice smary/ate- (Aorist asmāri-; preceding smṛṣīṣṭa-or smariṣīṣṭa-), to be remembered or recorded or declared (as a law) or mentioned in the smṛti- (with na-,"to be passed over in silence") ; to be declared or regarded as, pass for (Nominal verb or locative case) : Causal smārayati- (rarely smarayati-; mc. also A1.; Aorist asasmarat-; Passive voice smāryate-), to cause to remember or be mindful of or regret etc. (confer, compare ) ; to remind any one of (two accusative or accusative and genitive case or rarely genitive case of person) etc.: Desiderative susmūrṣate- () , to wish to remember : Intensive sāsmaryate- or sāsmarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin memor,mora.]) |
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| śrā | or śrai- (see śrī-) cl.1. or cl.4. P. () śrāyati- (according to to also cl.2 P. śrāti-; perfect tense śaśrau-; Aorist aśrāsīt-; preceding śrāyāt-or śreyāt- infinitive mood śrātum- grammar), to cook, boil, seethe, mature, ripen (only in ; according to to also "to sweat"): Passive voice śrāyate- (Aorist aśrāyi-) grammar : Causal śrap/ayati-, te- (Aorist aśiśrapat-; Passive voice śrapy/ate-), to cause to cook or boil, roast, bake etc. ; to make hot, heat, bake (earthenware) ; to cause to sweat ([for śrāpaya-See ]) : Desiderative śiśrāsati- grammar : Intensive śāśrāyati-, śāśrāti-, śāśreti- |
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| śṛṅgāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to butt with the horns |
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| śru | cl.5 P. () śṛṇ/oti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also A1. śṛṇute-,and in sg. śṛṇv/e-,2. sg. viṣ/e-,3. plural vir/e-[ confer, compare below]; imperative śṛṇu-, ṇudh/ī-and ṇuh/ī- plural śṛṇut/ā-, ṇota-and ṇotana- ; perfect tense śuśr/āva-[once in with pass. sense], śuśruve-[2. sg. śuśrotha-,1. plural śuśruma-,in also mas-; śuśravat-, śuśrūy/ās- , parasmE-pada śuśruv/as- q.v ]; Aorist Ved. /aśravam-, /aśrot-,2. sg. śr/oṣi-; subjunctive śr/avat-, vathaḥ-;[?] śruvam- ; imperative śrudh/ī-, śr/otu- ; aśrauṣīt- etc.; subjunctive śroṣan- imperative śroṣantu- [ confer, compare śr/oṣamāṇa-]; preceding śrūy/āsam- etc.; future śrotā- ; śroṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood śrotum- etc.; ind.p. śrutv/ā- etc.; -śr/utya- etc.; śrāvam- etc.) , to hear, listen or attend to anything (accusative), give ear to any one (accusative or genitive case), hear or learn anything about (accusative) or from (ablative genitive case instrumental case, mukhāt-or śakāśāt-), or that anything is (two accusative) etc. ; to hear (from a teacher), study, learn etc. ; to be attentive, be obedient, obey etc.: Passive voice śrūy/ate- (Epic also ti-;and in śṛṇve-etc.[ confer, compare above] with pass. meaning; Aorist aśrāvi-, śrāvi-), to be heard or perceived or learnt about (accusative) or from (genitive case ablative or mukhāt-;in later language often 3. sg. śrūyate- impersonal or used impersonally"it is heard","one hears or learns or reads in a book", ="it is said","it is written in (with locative case)"; imperative śrūyatām-,"let it be heard"="listen!") etc. ; to be celebrated or renowned, be known as, pass for, be called (Nominal verb) ; to be heard or learnt (from a teacher) ; to be taught or stated (in a book) ; to be heard id est pronounced or employed (as a sound or word) : Causal śrāv/ayati- (Epic also te-,in also śrav/ayati-; Aorist aśuśravi-, vuḥ- ; aśuśruvat- ; aśiśravat- grammar; Passive voice śrāvyate-See below) , to cause to be heard or learnt, announce, proclaim, declare etc. ; to cause to hear, inform, instruct, communicate, relate, tell (with accusative of thing, and accusative genitive case,or dative case of Persian,or with instrumental case in sense of "through") etc.: Passive voice of Causal śrāvyate-, to be informed of (accusative) etc.: Desiderative ś/uśrūṣate- (; Epic or mc. also ti-; Passive voice śuśrūṣyate-), to wish or like to hear (accusative), desire to attend or listen to (dative case) etc. ; to attend upon, serve, obey (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc.: Causal of Desiderative śuśrūṣayati-, to wait upon, be at the service of (accusative) on : Desiderative of Causal śiśrāvayiṣati- or śuśrāvayiṣati- grammar : Intensive śośrūyate-, śośravīti-, śośroti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , equals śrudh/i-, equals śrut/a-etc.; Latin cluo,in-clutus; Slavonic or Slavonian sluti; German laut; English loud.]) |
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| stabhūya | (fr. prec.) Nom. P. A1. y/ati-, y/ate- (only in pr. p. stabhūy/at-and y/amāna-), to stand firm |
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| stṛ | (or stṝ-). cl.5.9. P. A1. () stṛṇ/oti-, stṛṇute- or stṛnāti-, striṇīt/e- (Ved. and Epic also st/arati-, te-; perfect tense tastāra-, tastare-[3. plural tastaruḥ-, tastarire-] etc.;3. sg. [with pass. sense] tistir/e- ;3. plural tastrire- ; parasmE-pada A1. tistirāṇ/a- ; Aorist /astar-, star- ; astṛṣi-, astṛta- ; astarīt- ; astārṣīt-, astarīṣṭa-, astīrṣṭa- grammar; preceding stṛṣīya- ; staryāt-or stīryāt-; stṛṣīṣṭa-, starīṣīṣṭa-, stīrṣīṣṭa- grammar; future startā- grammar; stariṣyati-, te-[Gr. also starīṣ-] etc.; infinitive mood startum-or starītum- grammar; st/artave-, tavai-, starītav/ai- ; st/arītave- ; -st/ire-, -stṛṇīṣ/aṇi- ; ind.p. stīrtv/ā-or stṛtv/ā- ; -stīrya- ; -stṛtya- ), to spread, spread out or about, strew, scatter (especially the sacrificial grass;in this sense in older language only cl.9 P. A1.) ; to spread over, bestrew, cover etc. ; (cl.5. P. A1.) to lay low, overthrow, slay (an enemy) : Passive voice stīryate- (ti-) or striy/ate- (grammar also staryate-; Aorist /astāri-), to be spread or strewn etc. etc. etc.: Causal stārayati- (Aorist atastarat-), to spread, cover : Desiderative tistīrṣate- or t/ustūrṣate- (grammar also P.and tistarīṣati-, te-), to wish to spread or strew or lay low : Intensive tāstaryate-, testīryate-, tāstarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin sternere; Gothic straujan; German streuen; Anglo-Saxon streowian; English strew.]) |
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| stṝ | (or stṛ-). cl.5.9. P. A1. () stṛṇ/oti-, stṛṇute- or stṛnāti-, striṇīt/e- (Ved. and Epic also st/arati-, te-; perfect tense tastāra-, tastare-[3. plural tastaruḥ-, tastarire-] etc.;3. sg. [with pass. sense] tistir/e- ;3. plural tastrire- ; parasmE-pada A1. tistirāṇ/a- ; Aorist /astar-, star- ; astṛṣi-, astṛta- ; astarīt- ; astārṣīt-, astarīṣṭa-, astīrṣṭa- grammar; preceding stṛṣīya- ; staryāt-or stīryāt-; stṛṣīṣṭa-, starīṣīṣṭa-, stīrṣīṣṭa- grammar; future startā- grammar; stariṣyati-, te-[Gr. also starīṣ-] etc.; infinitive mood startum-or starītum- grammar; st/artave-, tavai-, starītav/ai- ; st/arītave- ; -st/ire-, -stṛṇīṣ/aṇi- ; ind.p. stīrtv/ā-or stṛtv/ā- ; -stīrya- ; -stṛtya- ), to spread, spread out or about, strew, scatter (especially the sacrificial grass;in this sense in older language only cl.9 P. A1.) ; to spread over, bestrew, cover etc. ; (cl.5. P. A1.) to lay low, overthrow, slay (an enemy) : Passive voice stīryate- (ti-) or striy/ate- (grammar also staryate-; Aorist /astāri-), to be spread or strewn etc. etc. etc.: Causal stārayati- (Aorist atastarat-), to spread, cover : Desiderative tistīrṣate- or t/ustūrṣate- (grammar also P.and tistarīṣati-, te-), to wish to spread or strew or lay low : Intensive tāstaryate-, testīryate-, tāstarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin sternere; Gothic straujan; German streuen; Anglo-Saxon streowian; English strew.]) |
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| stu | cl.2 P. A1. (; see ) st/auti- or stavīti-, stute- or stuvīte- (in also st/avate-,3. sg. stave-[with pass. sense], 1. 3. sg. stuṣ/e- imperative stoṣi-, parasmE-pada [mostly with pass. sense] stuvān/a-, st/avāna-or stavān/a-, st/avamāna-;in stunvanti-,in parasmE-pada stunvāna-; perfect tense tuṣṭāva-, tuṣṭuv/us-, tuṣṭuv/e- etc.; Aorist astāvīt-or astauṣīt- etc.; stoṣat-, stoṣāṇi- ; /astoṣṭa- etc.; preceding stūyāt- grammar; future stavitā-or stotā- ; future staviṣy/ati-, te- ; stoṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional astoṣyat- ; infinitive mood stotum- etc.; stavitum- ; st/otave-, stav/adhyai- ; ind.p. stutv/ā- etc.; -st/utya- etc.; -stūya- etc.), to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, celebrate in song or hymns (in ritual,"to chant" , with locative case of the text from which the sāman- comes) etc. etc.: Passive voice stūy/ate- (Aorist astāvi-), to be praised or celebrated ; stāyamāna- mfn. being praised : Causal stāvayati- (Aorist atuṣṭavat- ; ṭuvat- ), to praise, celebrate ; (stāvayate-), to cause to praise or celebrate : Desiderative tuṣṭūṣati-, te- (past participle tuṣṭūṣita-), to wish to celebrate : Intensive toṣṭūyate-, toṣṭoti- grammar |
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| su | cl.5 P. A1. () sun/oti-, sunute- (in plural sunv/anti-, sunvir/e-[with pass. sense] and suṣvati-; parasmE-pada sunv/at-or sunvān/a-[the latter with act. and pass. sense] ; perfect tense suṣāva-, suṣuma-etc. ; parasmE-pada in veda- suṣuv/as-and suṣvāṇ/a-[the later generally with pass. sense; according to to on , also suṣuvāṇa-with act. sense]; Aorist according to to grammar asāvīt-or asauṣīt-, asoṣṭa-or asaviṣṭa-;in also imperative s/otu-, sut/am-,and p. [mostly pass.] suvān/a-[but the spoken form is svān/a-and so written in , suv-in ];and 3. plural asuṣavuḥ- ; future sotā- ; soṣyati- ; saviṣyati- ; infinitive mood s/otave-, s/otos- : ; sotum- grammar; ind.p. -s/utya- ; -sūya- ), to press out, extract (especially the juice from the soma- plant for libations) ; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits etc.) Scholiast or Commentator on : Passive voice sūy/ate- (in also A1.3. sg. sunve-and 3. plural sunvir/e-with pass. sense; Aorist /asāvi- ) : Causal -sāvayati- or -ṣāvayati- (See abhi-ṣu-and pra-su-; Aorist asūṣavat- according to to some asīṣavat-) grammar : Desiderative of Causal suṣāvayiṣati- : Desiderative susūṣati-, te- : Intensive soṣūyate-, soṣavīti-, soṣoti- |
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| sū | (not separable in all forms fr.2. sū-; see 1. su-ṣ/ū-, asu-sū-,and4. su-) cl.6 P. () suv/ati- (in also te-,and according to to also savati-and -sauti-; perfect tense suṣuv/e- ; parasmE-pada suṣuvāṇ/a- q.v; Aorist asāvīt-, sāviṣat- : Passive voice sūy/ate- etc.) , to set in motion, urge, impel, vivify, create, produce etc. ; to hurl upon ; to grant, bestow (especially said of savitṛ-) ; to appoint or consecrate to (A1."to let one's self be consecrated") ; to allow, authorize : Intensive soṣavīti-, to urge or impel violently (said of savitṛ-) |
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| sumanasya | Nom. A1. y/ate- (only pr. p. y/amāna-), to be kind or gracious or favourable ; to be in good spirits or cheerful or comfortable |
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| svapasya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to work well, be active or industrious |
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| tan | cl.8 P. A1. n/oti-, nut/e- (3. plural nv/ate-[ /ā--and vi-tanvat/e- ] ; imperative nu-[ /ava-and v/i-tanuhi- ; see Va1rtt. 1 ] ; nuṣva- ; subjunctive 2. sg. nuthās-, ;1. dual number navāvahai-, ; imperfect tense 3. plural /atanvata-, ; perfect tense P. tat/āna-,once tāt- ;2. sg. tat/antha-[ ],class. tenitha-[ ]; A1.1. 2. 3. sg. [ /ā--] tatane-, [abh/i-]tatniṣe-, [v/i-]tatne- ;3. sg. irregular tate-, ;3. plural tatnir/e-[ v/i-- ] or ten-[ (vi--)etc.; see ]; Aorist P. /atan- ; [/ā-]atān-, ; ;[ p/ari--, v/i--] atanat- ; [anv-/ā]atāṃsīt- ; atānīt- ; tat/anat-, [abh/i-]t/anāma-, t/anan- ;2. plural ataniṣṭa- ;3. dual number atāniṣṭām- ; A1. atata-or ataniṣṭa-, atathās-or ataniṣṭhās- ;3. plural /atnata- ; tat/ananta-, ;1. sg. atasi- plural ataṃsmahi- ; future 2nd taṃsy/ate- ; future 1st [vi-]tāyitā- ; parasmE-pada proper tanv/at-, vān/a-; perfect tense tatanv/as-; ind.p. tatvā-, tv/āya-, -t/atya- ;[ vi--] tāya- ; infinitive mood tantum- ; Passive voice tāy/ate- [ parasmE-pada y/amāna-] etc.; tanyate- ; Aorist atāyi- ) to extend, spread, be diffused (as light) over, shine, extend towards, reach to etc. ; to be protracted, continue, endure ; to stretch (a cord), extend or bend (a bow), spread, spin out, weave etc. ; to emboss ; to prepare (a way for) ; to direct (one's way, gatim-) towards ; to propagate (one's self or one's family, tanūs-, tantum-) ; to (spread id est to) speak (words) ; to protract ; to put forth, show, manifest, display, augment etc. (Passive voice to be put forth or extended, increase ) ; to accomplish, perform (a ceremony) etc. ; to sacrifice ; to compose (a literary work) ; to render (any one thirsty, double accusative) : Desiderative titaniṣati-, taṃsati-, tāṃs- : Intensive tantanyate-, tantanīti-, ; ([ see , etc.]) |
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| tap | cl.1. t/apati- (rarely A1.; subjunctive pāti- ; parasmE-pada t/apat- etc.; cl.4. parasmE-pada t/apyat- ; perfect tense 1. sg. tat/apa- ;3. sg. t/āpa-, ; parasmE-pada tepān/a- ; future tapsy/ati- etc.: te-& tapiṣyati- ) to give out heat, be hot, shine (as the sun) etc. ; to make hot or warm, heat, shine upon ; to consume or destroy by heat ; to suffer pain ; (with paścāt-) to repent of ; to torment one's self, undergo self-mortification, practise austerity (tapas-) etc. ; to cause pain to, injure, damage, spoil Passive voice or cl.4 A1. tapy/ate- (;or t/apy- ; parasmE-pada py/amāna- ; t/apy-, ; confer, compare /a--; Aorist atāpi- ; atapta- ; perfect tense tepe- etc.; parasmE-pada pān/a- ;also P. tapyati-, pyet-, atapyat-,etc. ) to be heated or burnt, become hot etc. ; to be purified by austerities (as the soul) ; to suffer or feel pain etc. ; to suffer pain voluntarily, undergo austerity (tapas-) etc.: Causal tāpayati-, te- (parasmE-pada p/ayat- ; Passive voice pyate- etc.; Aorist atītape-& [Subj.] tat/apate- ) to make warm or hot, etc. ; to consume by heat etc. ; to cause pain, trouble, distress etc. ; to torment one's self, undergo penance, : Intensive (parasmE-pada tātapyamāna-) to feel violent pain, be in great anxiety ([ confer, compare Latin tepeoetc.]) |
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| taviṣya | Nom. y/ate- (p. y/amāna-) equals ṣīya-, (manuscript stav-). |
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| tilvilāya | Nom. y/ate-, to be fertile |
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| udāhṛ | P. -/ā-harati-, to set up, put up ; to relate, declare, announce ; to quote, cite, illustrate ; to name, call etc.: Passive voice -hriy/ate-, to be set up or put up |
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| vac | cl.2 P. () vakti- (occurs only in sg. vacmi-, vakṣi-, vakti-,and imperative vaktu-; Vedic or Veda also cl.3 P. v/ivakti-; perfect tense uv/āca-, ūj- etc.; uv/aktha- ; vavāca-, vavakṣ/e- ; Aorist avocat-, cata- etc.;in veda- also subjunctive vocati-, te-, vecāti-; Potential voc/et-, ceta-; imperative vocatu-; preceding ucyāsam- ; future vakt/ā- etc.; vakṣy/ati- etc.; te- ; Conditional avakṣyat- ; infinitive mood vāktum- etc.; tave- ; tos- ; ind.p. uktv/ā- etc.; -/ucya- ), to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describe (with accusative with or without prati- dative case or genitive case of Persian,and accusative of thing;often with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tam idaṃ vākyam uvāca-,"he spoke this speech to him";with double accusative also"to name, call"A1.with nom;"one's self";with punar-,"to speak again, repeat";or "to answer, reply") etc. ; to reproach, revile (accusative) : Passive voice ucy/ate- (Aorist avāci-,or in later language avoci-), to be spoken or said or told or uttered etc. etc. (yad ucyate-,"what the saying is") ; to resound ; to be called or accounted, be regarded as, pass for (Nominal verb also locative case) etc.: Causal vācayati-, te- (Potential vācayīta- ; Aorist avīvacat-; Passive voice vācyate-), to cause to say or speak or recite or pronounce (with, double accusative;often the object is to be supplied) etc. ; to cause anything written or printed to speak id est to read out loud etc. ; () to say, tell, declare ; to promise : Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- (Passive voice vivakṣyate-), to desire to say or speak or recite or proclaim or declare etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant : Intensive (only /avāvacīt-) to call or cry aloud [ confer, compare Greek for in, etc.; Latin vocare,vox; German gi-waht,gi-wahinnen,er-wähnen.] |
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| vad | cl.1 P. A1. () v/adati-, te- (Epic mc. also vādati-; Potential udeyam- ; perfect tense uvāda- plural ūdim/a- ; ūde-etc. ; veditha-, dailuḥ-, duḥ- ; Aorist avādīt-, diṣuḥ- etc.; subjunctive vādiṣaḥ- ; avādiran- ; vadiṣma-, ṣihāḥ- ; preceding udyāt- ; future vadiṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/aditos- ; vaditum- etc.; ind.p. uditvā- ; -udya- ), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P.or A1.;with accusative of the thing said, and accusative [with or without abhi-]or genitive case,or locative case of the person addressed;also followed by yad-,"that", or by yadi-,"whether") etc. ; (P.) to praise, recommend ; to adjudge, adjudicate ; to indicate, designate ; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak etc. ; to allege, affirm ; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two accusative or accusative and Nominal verb with iti-) etc. ; (with or scilicet vācam-) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and 9.) etc. ; (A1.) to say, tell, speak to (accusative) etc. ; to mention, state, communicate, name ; to confer or dispute about ; to contend, quarrel ; to lay claim to (locative case) ; to be an authority, be eminent in (locative case) ; to triumph, exult : Passive voice udy/ate- (Aorist avādi-), to be said or spoken etc. : Causal vād/ayati- m.c. also te- (see ; Aorist avīvadat-; Passive voice vādyate-, Epic also ti-), to cause to speak or say ; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instrumental case,rarely locative case of the instrument) etc. ; to play music ; (with bahu-) to make much ado about one's self. ; to cause a musical instrument (accusative) to be played by (instrumental case) Va1rtt. 2 ; to speak, recite, rehearse : Desiderative vivadiṣati-, te-, to desire to speak, : Intensive v/āvadīti- ( ), vāvady/ate-, (), vāvatti- (grammar), to speak or sound aloud. [ confer, compare Lit.vadi4nti.] |
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| vah | cl.1 P. A1. () v/ahati-, te- (in later language A1.only mc.;Vedic forms which may partly belong to the Aorist are v/akṣi-, voḍham-, ḍh/ām-or voḷham-, ḷh/ām-, uhīta-, v/akṣva-, voḍhvam-, ūḍhvam-, /uhāna-; perfect tense uvāha-, ūh/uḥ-; ūh/e- etc.; vavāha-, hatuḥ- ; Aorist Ved. /avākṣīt-or /avāṭ- subjunctive v/akṣat-, ati-, preceding uhyāt-; avakṣi-, avoḍha- grammar; future voḍh/ā- ; vakṣy/ati-, te- etc.; vahiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood voḍhum- etc. etc. [Ved. also ḍhave-and ḍhavai-]; vāhe- ; v/ahadhyai- ; ind.p. ūḍhvā- ; -/uhya- etc.; confer, compare 1. ūh-), to carry, transport, convey (with instrumental case of vehicle) etc. ; to lead, conduct (especially offerings to the gods, said of agni-) ; to bear along (water, said of rivers) ; to draw (a car), guide (horses etc.) ; to lead towards, to bring, procure, bestow ; to cause, effect ; to offer (a sacrifice) ; to spread, diffuse (scent) ; to shed (tears) ; to carry away, carry off, rob etc. ; to lead home, take to wife, marry etc. ; to bear or carry on or with (Inc. or instrumental case) etc. ; to take or carry with or about one's self, have, possess ; to wear (clothes) ; (with śiras-) to bear one's head (uccaiś-tarām-,"high") ; (with vasuṃdharām-or kṣmā-maṇḍālam-) to support id est rule the earth ; (with garbham-) to be with child ; to bear, suffer, endure ; to forbear, forgive, pardon ; to undergo (with agnim-, viṣam-, tulām-,"the ordeal of fire, poison, and the balance") ; to experience, feel etc. ; to exhibit, show, betray ; to pay (a fine) ; to pass, spend (time) ; (intrans.) to drive, ride, go by or in (with instrumental case of the vehicle) , be borne or carried along, run, swim etc. etc. ; to draw (scilicet a carriage, said of a horse) ; to blow (as wind) ; to pass away, elapse : Passive voice uhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avāhi-), to be carried (uhyamāna-,"being carried") etc. ; to be drawn or borne by (instrumental case) or along or off etc. etc.: Causal vāhayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist avīvahat-; Passive voice vāhyate-), to cause to bear or carry or convey or draw (with two accusative Va1rtt. 6 ), drive (a chariot), guide or ride (a horse), propel (a boat), go or travel by any vehicle etc. ; to cause to guide (two accusative) ; to cause any one (accusative) to carry anything (accusative) on (locative case) ; to cause to take in marriage ; to cause to be conveyed by (instrumental case) ; to traverse (a road) ; to accomplish (a journey) ; to employ, keep going or in work ; to give, administer (See vāhita-) ; to take in, deceive (See idem or '1. 2. vasra-. See p.932, and column 1.'): Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive vanīvāhy/ate-, to carry hither and thither (confer, compare vanīv/āhana-and vanīvāhit/a-) ; vāvahīti-, to bear (a burden) ; vāvahyate-, vāvoḍhi- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for , ; Latin vehere,vehiculum; Slavonic or Slavonian vesti; Lithuanian ve4z3ti; Gothic gawigan; German wëgan,bewegen; English weigh.]) |
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| vañc | (see 2. vak-) cl.1 P. () v/añcati- (grammar also perfect tense vavañca-; future vañc/ita- ciṣyati-; Aorist avañcīt-; preceding vacyāt-; infinitive mood vañc/itum-; ind.p. vañcitvā-, vacitvā-,or vaktvā-), to move to and fro, go crookedly, totter, stagger, waver ; to go, go to, arrive at (accusative) ; to go slyly or secretly, sneak along ; to pass over, wander over, go astray : Passive voice vacy/ate-, to move or rock to and fro, hurry along, speed ; to be moved (in the heart), be poured forth, issue forth (as hymns or prayers) : Causal vañcayati-, te- (Aorist avavañcat-), to move or go away from, avoid, shun, escape (mostly P.and with accusative) etc. ; to cause to go astray, deceive, cheat, defraud of (instrumental case or ablative;in these senses more properly A1.,but sometimes also P.; Passive voice vañcyate-) : Desiderative vivañciṣate- grammar : Intensive vanīvacyate-, vanīvañcīti- |
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| vap | cl.1 P. A1. () v/apati-, te- (Potential upet- ; perfect tense uvāpa-, ūp/uḥ-; ūpe- etc.; vavāpa- ; -vepe- on ; Aorist avāpsīt- etc.; avapta- grammar; Potential upyāt- ; future vaptā- ; vapsy/ati- ; vapiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood vaptum- grammar; ind.p. uptvā- ; -/upya- etc.), to strew, scatter (especially seed) , sow, bestrew etc. ; to throw, cast (dice) ; to procreate, beget (See vapus-and 2. vaptṛ-) ; to throw or heap up, dam up : Passive voice upy/ate- (Aorist vāpi- ), to be strewn or sown etc. etc.: Causal vāpayati- (Aorist avlvapat- grammar) to sow, plant, put in the ground : Desiderative vivapsati-, te- grammar : Intensive vāvapyate-, vāvapti- |
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| vas | cl.1 P. () v/asati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense uvāsa-, ūṣuḥ- etc.; parasmE-pada vāvasāna- ; -vāsāṃ cakre- ; Aorist avātsīt- ; avāksam- [where it is artificially connected with vāc-]; avāstam- ; future vastā- grammar; vatsyati-, te- etc.; vasiṣyati- ; infinitive mood vastum-, vasitum- etc.; ind.p. uṣitv/ā- ; uṣṭvā- ; -/uṣya- etc.), to dwell, live, stop (at a place), stay (especially "overnight" , with or without rātrim-or rātrīs-) etc. ; to remain, abide with or in (with locative case of Persian; locative case or accusative of place, especially with vāsam-or vasatim-) etc. ; to remain or keep on or continue in any condition (with a pp., exempli gratia, 'for example' with channa-,"to continue to be covered" ;or with an accusative,with brahmacaryam-,"to practise chastity" ;or with an adverb exempli gratia, 'for example' with sukham-,"to live pleasantly or at ease";with or without dūratas-,"to keep aloof") etc. ; to have sexual intercourse with (locative case) ; to rest upon (locative case) ; to charge or entrust with (instrumental case) ; cl.10 P. vasayati-, to dwell : Passive voice uṣyate- (Aorist avāsi-), to be dwelt etc. etc.: Causal vās/ayati-, te- (confer, compare ; Aorist avīvasat- : Passive voice vāsy/ate- , ti- ), to cause to halt or stay (overnight), lodge, receive hospitably or as a guest etc. ; to cause to have sexual intercourse with (locative case) ; to let anything stand overnight (with tisro-, scilicet ratrīs-,"three nights") ; to cause to wait, keep in suspense ; to delay, retard ; to cause to exist, preserve ; to cause to be inhabited, populate (a country) ; to put in, place upon (locative case) (anadhyāyam mukhe-,to put restraint on the mouth, refrain from speaking) ; to produce : Desiderative vivatsati-, to wish to dwell : Intensive vāvasyate-, vāvasti-, to remain, be in, be engaged in [ confer, compare Gothic wisan; German wësan,ge-wesen,waretc.; Anglo-Saxon wësan; English was,were.] |
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| vī | cl.2 P. () veti- (according to to some in the conjug. tenses substituted for aj-;2. sg. v/eṣi-also as imperative ;3. plural vy/anti- ; subjunctive 2. 3. sg. ves- ; imperative vīh/i-, vītāt- ;3. plural viyantu- ; parasmE-pada A1. vyān/a- ; perfect tense vivāya-, vivye- ; Aorist avaiṣīt- grammar;3. plural aveṣan- subjunctive veṣat- ; future vetā-, veṣyati- infinitive mood vetum- grammar), to go, approach, (either as a friend id est"seek or take eagerly, grasp, seize, accept, enjoy", or as an enemy id est"fall upon, attack, assail, visit, punish, avenge") ; to set in motion, arouse, excite, impel ; to further, promote, lead or bring or help any one to (two accusative) ; to get, procure : Passive voice -vīy/ate- etc. : Causal vāyayati- or vāpayati- (Aorist avīvayat-), to cause to go or approach etc. ; to impregnate : Desiderative vivīṣati- grammar : Intensive , See ā-vī- and vevī-. ([ confer, compare according to to some, Latin ve-nari; German weida,Weide,weiden.]) |
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| vic | (confer, compare vij-) cl.7 P. A1. () vin/akti-, viṅkte- (2. sg. vivekṣi- ; perfect tense viveca- , parasmE-pada vivikv/as- Aorist avaikṣīt- grammar; future vektā-, vekṣyati- ; infinitive mood vektum- ; indeclinable -vicya-. -vecam- ), to sift, separate (especially grain from chaff by winnowing) ; to separate from, deprive of (instrumental case) ; to discriminate, discern, judge : Passive voice vicy/ate- (Aorist aveci-) etc.: Causal -vecayati- (Aorist avīvicat-) See vi-vic-: Desiderative vivikṣati- grammar : Intensive (or cl.3. See ) vevekti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin vicesetc.] |
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| vid | (originally identical with1. vid-) cl.6 P. A1. () vind/ati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also vitt/e-, vid/e-; parasmE-pada vidān/a-or vidāna-[ q.v ]; Epic 3. plural vindate- Potential vindyāt-,often equals vidyāt-; perfect tense viv/eda-[3. plural vividus- subjunctive vividat-], vividv/as-,3. plural vividre-, vidr/e- etc.; parasmE-pada vividv/as- ; vividivas- ; Aorist /avidat-, data- [ Vedic or Veda subjunctive vid/āsi-, d/āt-; Potential vid/et-, deta- ;3. sg. videṣṭa- ]; A1.1. sg. avitsi- ; future vettā-, vediṣyati- grammar; vetsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood vid/e- ; vettum- etc.; v/ettave- ; ttavai-[?] and tos- ; ind.p. vittv/ā- ; -vidya- etc.) , to find, discover, meet or fall in with, obtain, get, acquire, partake of, possess etc. etc. (with diśas-,to find out the quarters of she sky ) ; to get or procure for (dative case) ; to seek out, look for, attend to etc. ; to feel, experience ; to consider as, take for (two accusative) ; to come upon, befall, seize, visit ; to contrive, accomplish, perform, effect, produce ; (A1. mc. also P.) to take to wife, marry (with or scilicet bhāryām-) etc. ; to find (a husband), marry (said of a woman) ; to obtain (a son, with or scilicet sutam-) : Passive voice or A1. vidy/ate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-pada vidyamāna-[ q.v ]; Aorist avedi-), to be found, exist, be etc. ; (especially in later language) vidyate-,"there is, there exists", often with na-,"there is not" ; with bhoktum-,"there is something to eat" ; followed by a future ,"is it possible that?" ; yathā-vid/e-,"as it happens" id est "as usual","as well as possible" : Causal vedayati-, to cause to find etc. : Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, te- grammar (see vivitsita-): Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti- (for parasmE-pada v/evidat-and dāna-See vi--and saṃvid-). |
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| vij | (confer, compare vic-) cl.6 A1. vij/ate- (mc. also vijati-and vejate-,and according to to also cl.1 P. vinakti-,and cl.3 P. A1. vevekti-, vevikte-; perfect tense vivije-,3. plural jre- ; Aorist vikthās-, vikta- ; avijīt-, avijiṣṭa- grammar; future vijitā- ; vijiṣyati- ; vejiṣyati- ; infinitive mood vijitum- grammar), to move with a quick darting motion, speed, heave (said of waves) ; to start back, recoil, flee from (ablative) : Causal vejayati- (Aorist avīvijat-), to speed, accelerate ; to increase (See vejita-) ; to terrify (See idem or ' cl.10 P. () vicchayati-, to speak or to shine ; vicchāy/ati- (; see ), to go (with ny-ā-,to press or rub one's self against): Causal vicchāy/ayati-, to press, bring into straits (perhaps ) .'): Desiderative vivijiṣati- grammar : Intensive vevijy/ate- (parasmE-pada v/evijāna-), to tremble at (dative case), start or flee from (ablative) [ confer, compare German wi7chen,weichen; Anglo-Saxon wi7kan; English vigorous;weak.] |
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| vṛ | cl.5.9. P. A1. () vṛṇoti-, vṛṇute- ; vṛṇ/āti-, (mostly) vṛṇīt/e- (in also v/aras-, rat-, ranta-,but these may be subjunctive Aorist; perfect tense vavāra- ; vavre- [2. sg. vavṛṣ/e-,1. plural vavṛm/ahe-]etc.; Aorist avri-, avṛta- [ Potential vurīta-, parasmE-pada urāṇ/a-]etc.; avṛṣi-, ṣata- [2. plural avṛḍhvam-] ; avarīṣṭa- grammar; preceding variṣīṣṭa- ; future varītā- ; variṣyate- ; varīṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood varītum- ; varitum- grammar; ind.p. varitvā-or vṛtvā- etc.; varītvā- grammar), to choose, select, choose for one's self, choose as (-arthe-or accusative of Persian) or for (-artham-or dative case, locative case instrumental case of thing) etc. ; to choose in marriage, woo etc. ; to ask a person (accusative) for (accusative) or on behalf of (kṛte-) ; to solicit anything (accusative) from (ablative or -tas-), ; to ask or request that (Potential with or without iti-) ; to like better than, prefer to (ablative,rarely instrumental case) ; to like, love (as opp. to"hate") ; to choose or pick out a person (for a boon), grant (a boon) to (accusative) : Causal () varayati-, te- (Epic also vārayati-; Passive voice vary/ate- ) ; to choose, choose for one's self, choose as (accusative of Persian) or for (-artham- dative case or locative case of thing) , ask or sue for (accusative) or on behalf of (dative case or -arthe-), choose as a wife (accusative with or without patnīm-, dārān-,or patny-artham-) etc. ; to like, love well [ confer, compare Latin velle; Slavonic or Slavonian voliti; Got.wiljian; German wollan,wollen,Wahl,wohl; Anglo-Saxon willan; English will.] |
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| vraśc | (see vṛk-) cl.6 P. () vṛśc/ati- (pr. p. vṛkṇan-[?] ; perfect tense vavraśca-, citha- grammar; Aorist avraścīt-, avrākṣīt- ; vṛkṣi- ; future vraścitā-, vraṣṭā- grammar; vraściṣyati-, vrakṣyati- ; ind.p. vraścitvā- ; vṛṣṭv/ā- ; vṛktv/ī- ; -vr/aścam-, -vṛtcya- etc.), to cut down or off or asunder, cleave, hew, fell (a tree) etc. etc.: Passive voice vṛścy/ate- (in also vṛśc/ate-), to be cut down or off etc.: Causal vraścayati- (Aorist avavraścat-) grammar : Desiderative vivraściṣati-, vivrakṣati- : Intensive varīvṛścyate-, varīvṛtcīti- |
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| vṛj | cl.1.7. P. () varjati-, vṛṇ/akti- ; cl.2 A1. () vṛkte- (Vedic or Veda and also v/arjate-and vṛṅkt/e-; imperative vṛṅktām-[ varia lectio vṛktām-] ; vṛṅgdhvam- ; perfect tense vavarja-, vavṛje-[ grammar also vavṛñje- vāvṛje-; vavṛjy/uḥ-, vavṛktam- parasmE-pada f. -varj/uṣī-]; Aorist avṛk- ; vark-[2. 3. sg. ], varktam-, avṛjan- Potential vṛjyām- ; /avṛkta- ; avṛkṣam-, ṣi- ; avārkṣīs- ; avarjīt-, avajiṣṭa- grammar; future varjitā- ; varjiṣyati- ; varkṣyati-, te- ; infinitive mood v/ṛje-, vṛñj/ase-, vṛj/adhyai- ; vajitum-or vṛñjitum- grammar; ind.p. vṛktv/ī- ; -v/ṛjya-, -vargam- etc.) , to bend, turn ; to twist off, pull up, pluck, gather (especially sacrificial grass) ; to wring off or break a person's (accusative) neck ; to avert, remove ; (A1.) to keep anything from (ablative or genitive case), divert, withhold, exclude, abalienate ; (A1.) to choose for one's self, select, appropriate : Passive voice vṛjy/ate-, to be bent or turned or twisted etc.: Causal varjayati- (; mc. also te-; Potential varjayīta- ; Aorist avavarjat-), to remove, avoid, shun, relinquish, abandon, give up, renounce etc. ; to spare, let live ; to exclude, omit, exempt, except (yitvā-with accusative = excepting, with the exception of) etc.: Passive voice of Causal varjyate-, to be deprived of. lose (instrumental case) (see varjita-): Desiderative vivṛkṣ/ate- (), vivarjiṣati-, te- (grammar), to wish to bend or turn etc.: Intensive varīvṛjyate-, varvarkti- (grammar; parasmE-pada v/arīvṛjat- ), to turn aside, divert: Causal of Intensive varīvarj/ayati- (p.f. yantī-), to turn hither and thither (the ears) |
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| vṛṣāya | (in ṣaya-) Nom. P. yati-, to cause any object (accusative) to rain ; A1. y/ate-, to burn with sexual desire, be ruttish ; to long or be eager for, advance upon (accusative dative case,or locative case) ; to roar like a bull |
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| vṛt | cl.1 A1. () v/artate- (rarely ti-;in veda- also vavartti-and [once in ] vartti-; subjunctive vav/artat-, vavartati-, vavṛtat-; Potential vavṛtyāt-, vavṛtīya-; imperative vavṛtsva-; imperfect tense /avavṛtran-, tranta-; perfect tense vav/arta-, vavṛt/us-, vavṛt/e- [here also vāvṛt/e-]etc.; Aorist avart-, avṛtran- subjunctive v/artat-, vartta- ; avṛtat- etc.; avartiṣṭa- grammar;3. plural avṛtsata- ;2. sg. vartithās- ; preceding vartiṣīṣṭa- grammar; future vartitā- grammar; vartsy/ati-, te- etc.; vartiṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional avartsyat- ; avartiṣyata- grammar; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ; -v/ṛtas- ; vartitum- etc.; ind.p. vartitvā-and vṛttvā- grammar; -v/ṛtya- etc.; -v/artam- etc.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears) etc. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instrumental case"in a particular way or manner"), take place, occur, be performed, come off etc. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na-,"to be not in one's right mind";with manasi-or hṛdaye-,"to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind";with mūrdhni-,"to be at the head of","to be of most importance"; kathaṃ vartate-with Nominal verb or kiṃ vartate-with genitive case,"how is it with?") ; to live on, subsist by (instrumental case or ind.p.), etc. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām-,"it is long since we went") ; to depend on (locative case) ; to be in a particular condition, be engaged in or occupied with (locative case), etc. ; to be intent on, attend to (dative case) ; to stand or be used in the sense of (locative case) ; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (locative case dative case,or accusative;also with itaretaram-or parasparam-,"mutually") etc. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim-), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instrumental case or accusative) towards (locative case with parājñayā-,"to act under another's command";with prajā-rūpeṇa-,"to assume the form of a son";with priy/am-,"to act kindly";with svāni-,"to mind one's own business"; kim idam vartase-,"what are you doing there?") etc. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dative case) ; to be or exist or live at a particular time, be alive or present (confer, compare vartamāna-, vartiṣyamāṇa-,and vartsyat-,p.925) etc. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante-,"they continue to excel"; iti vartate me buddhiḥ-,"such continues my opinion") etc. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes ; to originate, arise from (ablative) or in (locative case) ; to become ; to associate with (saha-) ; to have illicit intercourse with (locative case) : Causal vart/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛtat-or avavartat-;in also A1. avavarti-; infinitive mood vartay/adhyai- ; Passive voice vartyate- ), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl etc. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill etc.) ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears) etc. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instrumental case), enter upon a course of conduct etc. (also with vṛttim-or vṛttyā-or vṛttena-;with bhaikṣeṇa-,"to live by begging"), conduct one's self, behave etc. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare ; to begin to instruct (dative case) ; to understand, know, learn ; to treat ; (in law, with śiras-or śīrṣam-) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal ; "to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-) : Desiderative v/ivṛtsati-, te- ( ), vivartiṣate- () , to wish to turn etc.: Intensive (Vedic or Veda , rarely in later language) v/arvartti-, varīvartti-, varīvarty/ate-, varīvartate-, parasmE-pada v/arvṛtat- and v/arvṛtāna- imperfect tense 3. sg. avarīvar-, 3. plural avarīvur- (grammar also varivartti-, varīvṛtīti-, varvṛtīti-, varīvṛtyate-), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail [ confer, compare Latin vertere; Slavonic or Slavonian vru8te8ti,vratiti; Lithuanian varty4ti; Gothic wai4rthan; German werden; English -ward.] |
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| vyaj | P. -ajati-, to drive away (Passive voice vy-ajy/ate-) ; to go through or across, furrow |
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| vye | cl.1 P. A1. () vy/ayati-, te- (perfect tense P. vivyāya-,2. sg. vivyayitha- grammar;2. dual number vivyathus- ; A1. vivy/e- -vyay/āṃ cakāra- ; Aorist avyat-, avyata- ; avyāsīt-, avyāsta- grammar; preceding vīyāt-, vyāsīṣṭa- ; future vyātā- ; vyāsyati-, te- ; vyayiṣye- ; ind.p. -v/īya- etc.; -vāya- grammar), to cover, clothe, wrap, envelop (A1. also,"one's self") : Pass. vīy/ate- (pr. p. vīy/amāna-), to be covered etc. : Causal vyāyayati- grammar : Desiderative vivyāsati-, te- ; Intensive vevīyate-, vāvyeti-, vāvyāti- |
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| yaj | cl.1 P. A1. () y/ajati-, te- (1. sg. yajase- ; Vedic or Veda imperative y/akṣi-or ṣva-; perfect tense iyāja- ; īj/e- ; yej/e-[?] confer, compare on ; Vedic or Veda Aorist ayākṣīt-or ayāṭ-; ayaṣṭa-; subjunctive yakṣat-, yakṣati-, te-;3. sg. ayakṣata- ; preceding ijyāt- ; yakṣīya- ; future yaṣṭā- ; yakṣyati-, y/ate- etc.; infinitive mood y/aṣṭum-, ījitum- ; Vedic or Veda ṭave-; y/ajadhyai-or yaj/adhyai-; past participle iṣṭa- ind.p. iṣṭv/ā- ; iṣṭvīnam- ; -ijya- grammar; y/ājam- ), to worship, adore, honour (especially with sacrifice or oblations) ; to consecrate, hallow, offer (with accusative,rarely dative case locative case or prati-,of the deity or person to whom; dative case of the person for whom, or the thing for which;and instrumental case of the means by which the sacrifice is performed;in older language generally P.of agni- or any other mediator, and A1.of one who makes an offering on his own account confer, compare y/aja-māna-;later properly P.when used with reference to the officiating priest, and A1.when referring to the institutor of the sacrifice) etc. ; to offer id est to present, grant, yield, bestow ; (A1.) to sacrifice with a view to (accusative) ; to invite to sacrifice by the yājyā- verses : Passive voice ijyate- (parasmE-pada Vedic or Veda ijyamāna-or yajyamāna- on ; Epic also pr. p. ijyat-), to be sacrificed or worshipped etc.: Causal yāj/ayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist ayīyajat-), to assist any one (accusative) as a priest at a sacrifice (instrumental case) ; to cause any one (accusative) to sacrifice anything (accusative) or by means of any one (instrumental case) : Desiderative y/iyakṣati-, te- (confer, compare /iyakṣati-), to desire to sacrifice or worship : Intensive yāyajyate-, yāyajīti-, yāyaṣṭi- [ confer, compare Zend yaz; Greek ,.] |
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| yam | cl.1 P. () y/acchati- (Vedic or Veda also te-,and Vedic or Veda Epic y/amati-, te-; perfect tense yayāma-, yeme-;2. sg. yayantha-,3. plural yem/uḥ-, yemir/e- etc.;3. dual number irreg. -yamatuḥ- ; Aorist /ayān-, /ayamuh-; imperative yaṃsi-, yandh/i-; Potential yamyās-, yamīmahi- ; /ayāṃsam-, ayāṃsi-, /ayaṃsta- subjunctive yaṃsat-, satas-, sate- ;3. sg. -y/amiṣṭa- ; ayaṃsiṣam- grammar; future yantā- ; yaṃsyati-, yamiṣyati- etc. infinitive mood y/antum-, yamitum- ; y/antave-, y/amitav/ai- ; ind.p. yatvā-, yamitvā- etc.; y/atya- ; -yamya- ; -y/amam- ), to sustain, hold, hold up, support (A1."one's self";with locative case"to be founded on") ; to raise, wield (a weapon etc.; A1.with āyudhaih-,"to brandish weapons") ; to raise, extend or hold (as a screen etc.) over (dative case) ; (A1.) to extend one's self before (dative case) ; to raise (the other scale), weigh more ; to stretch out, expand, spread, display, show ; to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, control etc. ; to offer ; confer, grant, bestow on (dative case or locative case), present with (instrumental case) etc. ; (with mārgam-), to make way for (genitive case) ; (with prati-and ablative), to give anything in exchange for anything on ; (A1.) to give one's self up to, be faithful to, obey (dative case) ; to raise, utter (a sound etc.) ; to fix, establish ; (A1.) to be firm, not budge ; to catch fire (Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice yamy/ate- (Aorist /ayā-mī-), to be raised or lifted up or held back or restrained etc. etc.: Causal yāmayati- (), yamayati- ( etc.; te- ; Aorist ayīyamat-), to restrain, hold in, control, keep or put in order: Desiderative yiyaṃsati-, to wish to restrain etc. : Intensive yaṃyamīti- (See ud-yam-) or yaṃyamyate- (, Va1rtt. 2 ) ([ confer, compare Greek ,"restraint, punishment."]) |
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| yuj | (confer, compare 2. yu- cl.7 P. A1. ) yun/akti-, yuṅkt/e- (Epic also yuñjati-, te-;Ved. yojati-, te-; yuje-, yujmahe-,3. plural yujata- imperative yukṣv/a-; Potential yuñjīyāt- ; perfect tense yuy/oja-, yuyuj/e- etc. etc., 3. sg. yuyojate- ; Aorist Class. P. ayokṣīt-, ayaukṣīt-or ayujat-;Ved. also A1. /ayuji-;Ved. and Class. ayukṣi-, ayukta-; future yokt/ā- ; yokṣyati- ; te- etc.; infinitive mood yoktum- ; yuj/e- ; ind.p. yuktv/ā- etc.; yuktv/āya- ; -yujya- etc.), to yoke or join or fasten or harness (horses or a chariot) etc. ; to make ready, prepare, arrange, fit out, set to work, use, employ, apply ; to equip (an army) ; to offer, perform (prayers, a sacrifice) ; to put on (arrows on a bow-string) ; to fix in, insert, inject (semen) ; to appoint to, charge or intrust with (locative case or dative case) ; to command, enjoin ; to turn or direct or fix or concentrate (the mind, thoughts etc.) upon (locative case) etc. ; (P. A1.) to concentrate the mind in order to obtain union with the Universal Spirit, be absorbed in meditation (also with yogam-) etc. ; to recollect, recall ; to join, unite, connect, add, bring together etc. (A1.to be attached, cleave to ) ; to confer, or bestow anything (accusative) upon (genitive case or locative case) (A1.with accusative,to become possessed of ;with ātmani-,to use for one's self, enjoy ) ; to bring into possession of, furnish or endow with (instrumental case) etc. ; to join one's self to (accusative) ; (in astronomy) to come into union or conjunction with (accusative) : Passive voice yujy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist /ayoji-), to be yoked or harnessed or joined etc. etc. ; to attach one's self to (locative case) ; to be made ready or prepared for (dative case) ; to be united in marriage ; to be endowed with or possessed of (instrumental case with or without saha-) etc. ; (in astronomy) to come into conjunction with (instrumental case) ; to accrue to, fall to the lot of (genitive case) ; to be fit or proper or suitable or right, suit anything (instrumental case), be fitted for (locative case), belong to or suit any one (locative case or genitive case), deserve to be (Nominal verb) etc. ; (with na-) not to be fit or proper etc. for (instrumental case) or to (infinitive mood,also with pass. sense = "ought not to be") : Causal yojayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist ayūyujat-; Passive voice yojyate-), to harness, yoke with (instrumental case), put to (locative case) etc. ; to equip (an army), draw up (troops) etc. ; to use, employ, set to work, apply, undertake, carry on, perform, accomplish etc. ; to urge or impel to ; to lead towards, help to (locative case) ; to set (snares, nets etc.) ; to put or fix on (especially arrows) etc. ; to aim (arrows) at (locative case) ; to fasten on or in, attack, adjust, add, insert ; (with manas-, ātmānam-etc.) to direct the thoughts to, concentrate or fix the mind upon (locative case) ; to join, unite, connect, combine, bring or put together (also = write, compose) etc. ; to encompass, embrace ; to put in order, arrange, repair, restore ; to endow or furnish or provide with (instrumental case) etc. ; to mix (food) with (instrumental case) ; to confer anything upon (locative case) ; (in astronomy) to ascertain or know (jānāti-) the conjunction of the moon with an asterism (instrumental case) Va1rtt. 11 ; (A1.) to think little of, esteem lightly, despise in : Desiderative yuyukṣati-, to wish to harness or yoke or join etc. ; to wish to appoint or institute ; to wish to fix or aim (arrows) ; (A1.) to wish to be absorbed in meditation, devout : Intensive yoyujyate-, yoyujīti- or yoyokti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin jungere,jugum; Lithuanian ju4ngus; Slavonic or Slavonian igo; Gothic juk; German joh,Joch; Anglo-Saxon geoc; English yoke.]) |
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| yup | cl.4 P. (; see yūpa-) yupyati- (only in perfect tense yuy/opa-; grammar also Aorist ayupat-; future yopitā-, yopiṣyati-), to debar, obstruct, disturb, trouble, confuse, efface, remove, destroy ; to be effaced or concealed : Causal yop/ayati- (Aorist ayūyupat-), to efface, obliterate, conceal, remove, destroy : Intensive yoyupy/ate-, to make level, smooth |
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