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| anuṣyand | ( syand-), Ved. infinitive mood -ṣy/ade- ([  ]) and Causal -syanday/adhyai- ([ ]) , to run along: -syandate- and -ṣyandate- with a differentiation in meaning like that in abhi-ṣyand- q.v  |
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| as | cl.2 P. /asti- (2. sg. /asi-,1. sg. /asmi-; plural sm/asi-or sm/as-, sth/a-, s/anti-;(rarely A1. exempli gratia, 'for example' 1.pl. smahe- ); subjunctive /asat-;Imper. astu-,2. sg. edhi-(fr. as-dhi- confer, compare ); Potential sy/āt-; imperfect tense /āsīt-,rarely ās-[only in ; confer, compare ]; perf. 1. and 3.sg, /āsa-,2. sg. /āsitha-,3. plural ās/uḥ-; parasmE-pada m. s/at- f. sat/ī-) to be, live, exist, be present ; to take place, happen ; to abide, dwell, stay ; to belong to (genitive case or dative case) ; to fall to the share of. happen to any one (genitive case) ; to be equal to (dative case) ; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative case) ; to become etc., (confer, compare ) ; to be (id est used as copula, but not only with adjective (cf. mfn.),but also with adverb [ exempli gratia, 'for example' tūṣṇīm āsīt- ],and often with participle,[ exempli gratia, 'for example' perf. Passive voice parasmE-pada prasthitāḥ sma- ; future past participle hantavyo 'smi- ; fut.p. especially with Potential,and only in y/adi dāsy/an-t-sy/āt-,"if he should intend to give"];the perfect tense āsa-helps to form the periphrastic perf. , and asmi-etc. the future); ([ confer, compare Greek Latin es-t; Gothic is-t; Lithuanian es-ti.]) |
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| āt | ind. (ablative of 4. a-) afterwards, then (often used in a concluding paragraph antithetically to y/ad-, yadā-, y/adi-.and sometimes strengthened by the particles /aha-, /id-, īm-, u-) |
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| dhā | cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e- etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[ ]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-, plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta- ; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[ ], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare ] or dhattāt- ;2. plural dhatt/a-, , dhattana-, , d/adhāta-, ,or tana-, [ confer, compare ]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e- and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-, or dhats/e- dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate- ; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-, [ ]; Potential d/adhīta- dadhīt/a-, ; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-, or dadhiṣva-, ;2. plural dhaddhvam-[ ]or dadhidhvam- ,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām- ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te- ; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti- ; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta- (pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur- etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe- ;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-, ,or dhire-, ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur- etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana- ; 2. sg. dhāyīs- ; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare ];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu- ; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe- ;3. sg. ahita-, hita- ; subjunctive dh/ethe- , dhaithe-, ; imperative dhiṣv/ā-, ; P. adhat- ; dhat- ; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha- ; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata- ; Potential dhiṣīya- [ ]; dheṣīya- ; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā- etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum- etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai- ;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā- ; hitvā-[ ], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām- : Passive voice dhīy/ate- etc.[ ] , p. dhīy/amāna- ; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi- [ ]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[ ]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case) etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case ,with genitive case ];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal ) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove) ; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-) ; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case) etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share ) ; to appoint, establish, constitute ; to render (with double accusative) ; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ]) ; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo : Causal -dhāpayati- (See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- () , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case) (Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present ; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-, ) : with avady/am-, to bid defiance (confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate- [ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.] |
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| gha | ind. sometimes it occurs in the clause which depends on a conditional or relative sentence (exempli gratia, 'for example' /ā ghā gamad y/adi śr/avat-,"he will surely come when he hears"), |
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| i | cl.2 P. /eti- (imperative 2. sg. ih/i-) and 1. P. A1. /ayati-, ayate- ([ confer, compare ay-]), (perfect tense iyāya-[2. sg. iy/atha- , and iy/etha- ] future eṣyati-; Aorist aiṣīt-; infinitive mood etum-, /etave- and , /etav/ai- /etos- ity/ai- ) to go, walk ; to flow ; to blow ; to advance, spread, get about ; to go to or towards (with accusative), come etc. ; to go away, escape, pass, retire ; to arise from, come from ; to return (in this sense only future) ; (with punar-) to come back again, return etc. ; to succeed ; to arrive at, reach, obtain etc. ; to fall into, come to ; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (confer, compare ita-) ; to undertake anything (with accusative) ; to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a participle or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti-,"the asura-s and Rakshases are being continually crushed" ; gavāmayaneneyuḥ-,"they, were engaged in the [festival called] gavāmayana-" ) ; to appear, be : Intensive A1. /īyate- (; parasmE-pada iyān/a- ; infinitive mood iy/adhyai- ) to go quickly or repeatedly ; to come, wander, run, spread, get about ; to appear, make one's appearance ; to approach any one with requests (with two accusative), ask, request : Passive voice /īyate-, to be asked or requested : Causal āyayati-, to cause to go or escape ; ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin e-o,i1-mus,i-ter,etc.; Lithuanian ei-mi4,"I go"; Slavonic or Slavonian i-du7,"I go",i-ti,"to go"; Gothic i-ddja,"I went."]) |
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| iṣaya | Nom. P. A1. iṣ/ayati-, -te- (infinitive mood iṣay/adhyai- ) to be sappy ; to be fresh or active or powerful ; to refresh, strengthen, animate |
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| mad | (confer, compare mand-) cl.4 P. () m/ādyati- (Epic also te-; Vedic or Veda alsocl.1. P. A1. madati-, te-;cl.3. P. mam/atti-, ttu-, mam/adat-, /amamaduḥ-; Vedic or Veda imperative m/atsi-, sva-; perfect tense mam/āda-; Aorist amādiṣuḥ-, amatsuḥ-, amatta-; subjunctive m/atsati-, sat-; future maditā-, madiṣyati- grammar; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maditos-), to rejoice, be glad, exult, delight or revel in (instrumental case genitive case locative case,rarely accusative), be drunk (also figuratively) with (instrumental case) etc. ; to enjoy heavenly bliss (said of gods and deceased ancestors) ; to boil, bubble (as water) ; to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, animate, inspire : Causal mād/ayati-, te- (; Aorist /amīmadat-or amamadat-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maday/adhyai-), to gladden, delight, satisfy, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspire etc. ; (A1.) to be glad, rejoice, be pleased or happy or at ease ; (A1.) to enjoy heavenly bliss : Desiderative mimadiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmadyate-, māmatti- ([Perhaps originally "to be moist"; confer, compare Greek ; Latin madere.]) |
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| mand | (see 2. mad-) cl.1 A1. () m/andate- (Ved. also P. ti-; perfect tense mamanda-, dat-, amamanduḥ- ; Aorist mand/us-, dān/a-; amandīt-, mandiṣṭa- ; subjunctive mandiṣat- grammar; preceding mandiṣīmahi- ; future manditā-, diṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood mand/adhyai- ), to rejoice, be glad or delighted, be drunk or intoxicated (literally and figuratively) ; (P.) to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspirit ; to sleep (?) () ; to shine, be splendid or beautiful ; to praise or to go : Causal mand/ayati- (infinitive mood manday/adhyai-), to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate ; to be glad or drunk |
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| paritaṃs | (only infinitive mood of Causal -taṃsay/adhyai-), to stir up |
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| riṣ | (see riś-) cl.1.4. P. ( varia lectio) reṣati- or r/iṣyati- (Epic also riṣyate-; Aorist rīḍhvam- ariṣat- subjunctive riṣātha-, parasmE-pada rīṣat- ; areṣīt- grammar; future reṣitā-, reṣṭā- , reṣiṣyati- ; infinitive mood reṣitum-,or reṣṭum- ;Ved. infinitive mood riṣ/e-, riṣ/as-), to be hurt or injured, receive harm, suffer wrong, perish, be lost, fail etc. ; to injure, hurt, harm, destroy, ruin ; Causal reṣ/ayati- (Aorist arīriṣat-;Ved. forms rīriṣīṣṭa-, ririṣeḥ-, riṣay/adhyai-), to hurt, injure, harm, cause to miscarry or fail ; (A. rīriṣīṣṭa-), to fail, meet with misfortune or disaster : Desiderative r/irikṣati- (; ririṣiṣati-or rireṣiṣati- grammar), to wish to injure or harm (see riś-): Intensive reriṣyate-, rereṣṭi- grammar |
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| saṃyadvasu | mfn. (y/ad-v-) having continuous wealth |
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| saṃyadvīra | (y/ad-v-) mfn. abounding in heroes |
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| śī | cl.2 A1. () ś/ete- (with guṇa- throughout the proper stem : thus, ś/aye-[in also 3. sg. ], ś/eṣe-etc., 3. plural ś/erate-[in also ś/ere-and Class. śayire-]; Potential ś/ayīta- etc.; imperative -śetām-and śayām- ; imperfect tense aśeta- etc., 3. plural aśerata-[in also /aśeran-], parasmE-pada ś/ayāna- etc.;Ved. and Epic also cl.1. ś/ayate-, ti-; imperfect tense /aśayat-and aśāyata- ; perfect tense śiśye-, śiśyire- ; parasmE-pada Ved. śaśayān/a-,Class. śiśyāna-; Aorist aśayiṣṭa- subjunctive ś/eṣan- ; future śayitā- sg. t/āse- ; śayiṣyate-, ti- ; śeṣyate-, ti- ; infinitive mood śay/adhyai- ; śayitum- ; ind.p. śayitvā- etc.; -śayya- ), to lie, lie down, recline, rest, repose etc. ; to remain unused (as soma-) ; to lie down to sleep, fall asleep, sleep etc. ; (with patye-) to lie down to a husband (for sexual intercourse) ; (madanena-śī-= "to be impotent") : Passive voice śayyate- grammar (Aorist aśāyi- , pr.p. once in śīyat-): Causal śāyayati-, te- (Aorist aśīśayat-), to cause to lie down, lay down, put, throw, fix on or in (locative case) etc. ; to cause to lie down, allow to rest or sleep : Desiderative śiśayiṣate-, to wish to rest or sleep : Intensive śāśayyate-, śeśayīti-, śeśeti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ,"to lie";, "a bed."]) |
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| sya | mfn. pronoun base of 3rd person (equals s/a-;only in Nominal verb m. sy/as-, sy/a- f. sy/a-; see ty/a-, ty/ad-) |
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| syad | See raghu-ṣy/ad- and havana-sy/ad-. |
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| syand | (or syad-;often confounded with spand-) cl.1 A1. () sy/andate- (Epic and mc. also ti-; perfect tense siṣy/anda-, siṣyad/uḥ- ; sasyande-, dire- grammar; Aorist 2. 3. sg. -asyān- ; asyandiṣṭa-, asyantta-, asyadat- grammar; future syanttā-, syanditā- ; syantsy/ati- ; syandiṣyate-, syantsyate- grammar; infinitive mood sy/ade- ; sy/anttum- ; ind.p. syanttv/ā-, syattv/ā-, -syadya- ; syanditvā- grammar), to move or flow on rapidly, flow, stream, run, drive (in a carriage), rush, hasten, speed etc. ; to discharge liquid, trickle, ooze, drip, sprinkle, pour forth (accusative) etc. ; to issue from (ablative) : Causal syandayati- (Aorist /asiṣyadat-;Ved. infinitive mood syandayādhyai-), to stream, flow, run etc. ; to cause to flow or run : Desiderative sisyandiṣate-, sisyantsate-, sisyantsati- grammar : Intensive See acchā-syand-, under 3. accha-, and next. |
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| tad | ind. then, at that time, in that case (correlative of yad/ā-, y/ad- ;of y/atra- ;of yadi- etc.;of ced- etc.) etc. |
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| tadā | ind. () at that time, then, in that case (often used redundantly, especially after tatas-or purā-or before atha- etc.;correlative of y/ad-[ ], yatra-[ ], yadā-[ etc.], yadi-[ ], yarhi-[ ], yatas-,"since",[ ], ced-[ (varia lectio) ]) |
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| tādītnā | ind. (fr. tadi-tna-fr. tadi-,correlative of y/adi-) at that time |
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| tarhi | ind. (fr. t/ad-h/i-;See tarvan- ) at that time, then, at that moment, in that case (correlative of y/ad-[ ], yad/ā-[ ], y/arhi-[ ], y/atra-[ ], yadi-[ varia lectio etc.], ced-[ ];often connected with an imperative [ etc.] or interrogative pronoun [ ]) etc. (not in ) |
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| tasmāt | ind. (ablative of 2. t/a-) from that, on that account, therefore (correlative of y/ad-, yasmāt-) |
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| tatas | ind. thereupon, then, after that, afterwards (sometimes corresponding to preceding particles like /agre-, puras-, pūrvam-, prathamam-, prāk- etc.;corresponding to pratham/a- ;also correlative of y/ad-[ ], y/atra-[ ], yadā-[ ], yadi-[ etc.], ced-[ varia lectio ];often superfluous after an ind.p. or after tadā-or atha- etc.) |
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| tatra | ind. in that, therein, in that case, on that occasion, under those circumstances, then, therefore, (also correlative of y/ad-[ etc.], yadā-[ ], yadi-[ ] , or ced-[ ]; tatra māsa-,"that month" id est the month that has been spoken of ) |
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| tena | ind. on that account, for that reason, therefore (correl. to yena-[ ], y/ad-[ ], yasmāt-[ ], yatas-[ ]) |
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| turvaśa | m. Name of a hero and ancestor of the Aryan race (named with yadu-; dual number turv/aśā y/adū-," turva- and yadu-", ; plural turva-'s race) |
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| tya | See ty/ad-. |
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| tyad | mfn. Nominal verb sy/a- (s-), sy/ā-, ty/ad-, (gaRa sarvādi-) that (often used like an article exempli gratia, 'for example' ty/at paṇīn/āṃ v/asu-,"that id est the wealth of the paṇi-s " ;sometimes strengthened by c/id-;often put after ut/a-,or after another demonstrative in the beginning of a sentence) (ty/asya- equals m/ama-, ; n. ty/am-for ty/ad-, [in the etymology of saty/am-] ) |
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| vājaya | (see vaj-) Nom. P. A1. y/ati-, te- (infinitive mood vājay/adhyai-), to race, speed, hasten, run, contend, vie ; to urge on, incite, impel ; P. (vāj/ayati-), to worship ; to fan, kindle (considered as Causal of vā-) |
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| vṛt | cl.1 A1. () v/artate- (rarely ti-;in veda- also vavartti-and [once in ] vartti-; subjunctive vav/artat-, vavartati-, vavṛtat-; Potential vavṛtyāt-, vavṛtīya-; imperative vavṛtsva-; imperfect tense /avavṛtran-, tranta-; perfect tense vav/arta-, vavṛt/us-, vavṛt/e- [here also vāvṛt/e-]etc.; Aorist avart-, avṛtran- subjunctive v/artat-, vartta- ; avṛtat- etc.; avartiṣṭa- grammar;3. plural avṛtsata- ;2. sg. vartithās- ; preceding vartiṣīṣṭa- grammar; future vartitā- grammar; vartsy/ati-, te- etc.; vartiṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional avartsyat- ; avartiṣyata- grammar; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ; -v/ṛtas- ; vartitum- etc.; ind.p. vartitvā-and vṛttvā- grammar; -v/ṛtya- etc.; -v/artam- etc.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears) etc. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instrumental case"in a particular way or manner"), take place, occur, be performed, come off etc. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na-,"to be not in one's right mind";with manasi-or hṛdaye-,"to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind";with mūrdhni-,"to be at the head of","to be of most importance"; kathaṃ vartate-with Nominal verb or kiṃ vartate-with genitive case,"how is it with?") ; to live on, subsist by (instrumental case or ind.p.), etc. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām-,"it is long since we went") ; to depend on (locative case) ; to be in a particular condition, be engaged in or occupied with (locative case), etc. ; to be intent on, attend to (dative case) ; to stand or be used in the sense of (locative case) ; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (locative case dative case,or accusative;also with itaretaram-or parasparam-,"mutually") etc. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim-), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instrumental case or accusative) towards (locative case with parājñayā-,"to act under another's command";with prajā-rūpeṇa-,"to assume the form of a son";with priy/am-,"to act kindly";with svāni-,"to mind one's own business"; kim idam vartase-,"what are you doing there?") etc. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dative case) ; to be or exist or live at a particular time, be alive or present (confer, compare vartamāna-, vartiṣyamāṇa-,and vartsyat-,p.925) etc. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante-,"they continue to excel"; iti vartate me buddhiḥ-,"such continues my opinion") etc. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes ; to originate, arise from (ablative) or in (locative case) ; to become ; to associate with (saha-) ; to have illicit intercourse with (locative case) : Causal vart/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛtat-or avavartat-;in also A1. avavarti-; infinitive mood vartay/adhyai- ; Passive voice vartyate- ), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl etc. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill etc.) ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears) etc. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instrumental case), enter upon a course of conduct etc. (also with vṛttim-or vṛttyā-or vṛttena-;with bhaikṣeṇa-,"to live by begging"), conduct one's self, behave etc. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare ; to begin to instruct (dative case) ; to understand, know, learn ; to treat ; (in law, with śiras-or śīrṣam-) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal ; "to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-) : Desiderative v/ivṛtsati-, te- ( ), vivartiṣate- () , to wish to turn etc.: Intensive (Vedic or Veda , rarely in later language) v/arvartti-, varīvartti-, varīvarty/ate-, varīvartate-, parasmE-pada v/arvṛtat- and v/arvṛtāna- imperfect tense 3. sg. avarīvar-, 3. plural avarīvur- (grammar also varivartti-, varīvṛtīti-, varvṛtīti-, varīvṛtyate-), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail [ confer, compare Latin vertere; Slavonic or Slavonian vru8te8ti,vratiti; Lithuanian varty4ti; Gothic wai4rthan; German werden; English -ward.] |
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| vyadhva | m. half the way (vyadhv/e-[ ]or vy/adhve-[SBr.], in the middle of the way) |
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| ya | the actual base of the relative pronoun in declension ([ confer, compare y/ad-and Greek , ]) . |
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| yad | (Nominal verb and accusative sg. n.and base in compound of 3. ya-), who, which, what, whichever, whatever, that etc. etc. (with correlatives tad-, tyad-, etad-, idam-, adas-, tad etad-, etad tyad-, idaṃ tad-, tad idam-, tādṛśa-, īdṛśa-, īdṛś-, etāvad-,by which it is oftener followed than preceded;or the correl. is dropped exempli gratia, 'for example' yas tu nārabhate karma kṣipram bhavati nirdravyaḥ-,"[he] indeed who does not begin work soon becomes poor" ;or the rel. is dropped exempli gratia, 'for example' andhakam bhartāraṃ na tyajet sā mahā-satī-,"she who does not desert a blind husband is a very faithful wife" yad-is often repeated to express"whoever","whatever","whichever", exempli gratia, 'for example' yo yaḥ-,"whatever man"; yā yā-,"whatever woman"; yo yaj jayati tasya tat-,"whatever he wins [in war] belongs to him" ; yad yad vadati tad tad bhavati-,"whatever he says is true", or the two relatives may be separated by hi-,and are followed by the doubled or single correl. tad- exempli gratia, 'for example' upyate yad dhi yad bījam tat tad eva prarohati-,"whatever seed is sown, that even comes forth" ;similar indefinite meanings are expressed by the relative joined with tad- exempli gratia, 'for example' yasmai tasmai-,"to any one whatever", especially in yadvā tadvā-,"anything whatever";or by yaḥ-with kaśca-, kaścana-, kaścit-,or [in later language, not in manu-] ko'pi- exempli gratia, 'for example' yaḥ kaścit-,"whosoever"; yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi-,"any friends whatsoever"; yena kenāpy upāyena-,"by any means whatsoever." yad-is joined with tvad-to express generalization exempli gratia, 'for example' śūdrāṃs tvad yāṃs tvad-,"either the śūdra-s or anybody else" ;or immediately followed by a Persian pronoun on which it lays emphasis exempli gratia, 'for example' yo 'ham-,"I that very person who"; yas tvaṃ kathaṃ vettha-,"how do you know?" ;it is also used in the sense of"si quis" exempli gratia, 'for example' striyaṃ spṛśed yaḥ-,"should any one touch a woman." yad-is also used without the copula exempli gratia, 'for example' andho jaḍaḥ pīṭha sarpī saptatyā sthaviraśca yaḥ-,"a blind man, an idiot, a cripple, and a man seventy years old" ;sometimes there is a change of construction in such cases exempli gratia, 'for example' ye ca mānuṣāḥ-for mānuṣāṃś-ca- ;the Nominal verb sg. n. yad-is then often used without regard to gender or number and may be translated by"as regards","as for", exempli gratia, 'for example' kṣatraṃ vā etad vanaspatīnāṃ yan nyag-rodhaḥ-,"as for the nyag-rodha-, it is certainly the prince among trees" ;or by"that is to say","to wit" exempli gratia, 'for example' tato devā etaṃ vajraṃ dadṛśur yad apaḥ-,"the gods then saw this thunderbolt, to wit, the water" yad-as an adverb conjunction generally ="that", especially after verbs of saying, thinking etc., often introducing an oratio directa with or without iti-; iti yad-,at the end of a sentence ="thinking that","under the impression that" exempli gratia, 'for example' yad-also ="so that","in order that","wherefore","whence","as","in as much as","since","because"[the correlative being tad-,"therefore"],"when","if" etc.; /adha y/ad-,"even if","although" yad api- idem or ' yathāṃśa-tas- etc. See p.841, columns 2 and 3 etc.' yad u-- evam-,"as - so" ; yad uta-,"that" ;"that is to say","scilicet" ; yat kila-,"that" ; yac ca-,"if","that is to say" ; yac ca-yac ca-,"both - and" ;"that"[accord. to after expressions of"impossibility","disbelief","hope","disregard","reproach"and,"wonder"]; yad vā-,"or else","whether" ;[ yad vā-,"or else", is very often in commentators];"however" ; yad vā-- yadi vā-,"if-or it" ; yad bhūyasā-,"for the most part" ; yat satyam-,"certainly","indeed","of course" ; yan nu-,with 1st Persian,"what if I","let me" ) |
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| yād | (only pr. p. A1. y/ādamāna-), to be closely united or connected with (instrumental case), meet in (locative case) (The meaning of this root, as well as its connection with the following words, is very doubtful.) |
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| yadahar | ind. y/ad /ahar- accusative on which day |
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| yadi | ind. (in veda- also y/adī-,sometimes yadi cit-, yadi ha vai-, y/ad/īt-, y/ady u-, yady u vai-) if, in case that etc. etc. In the earlier language yadi- may be joined with Indic. subjunctive or leṭ- Potential , or future , the consequent clause of the conditional sentence being generally without any particle. In the later language yadi- may be joined with present tense (followed in consequent clause by another present tense exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi jīvati bhadrāṇi paśyati-,"if he lives he beholds prosperity", or by future or by imperative or by Potential or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with Potential (exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi rājā daṇḍaṃ na praṇayet-,"if the king were not to inflict punishment", followed by another Potential or by Conditional or by present tense or by imperative or by future or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with future (exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi na kariṣyanti tat-,"if they will not do that", followed by another future or by present tense or by imperative or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with Conditional (exempli gratia, 'for example' yady anujñām adāsyat-,"if he should give permission", followed by another Conditional or by Potential or by Aorist) ; or it may be joined with Aorist (exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi prajā-patir na vapur arsrākṣīt-,"if the Creator had not created the body", followed by Conditional or by Potential or by perfect tense) ; or it may be joined with imperative or even with perfect tense (exempli gratia, 'for example' yady āha-,"if he had said") . There may be other constructions, and in the consequent clauses some one of the following may be used: atha-, atra-, tad-, tena-, tatas-, tataḥ param-, tadā-, tarhi-, tadānīm-. Observe that yadi- may sometimes = "as sure as"(especially in asseverations, followed by imperative with or without tathā-or tena-or followed by Potential with tad-) etc.; or it may ="whether"(followed by present tense or Potential or no verb exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi-na vā-,"whether-or not", and sometimes kim-is added) ; or it may ="that"(after verbs of"not believing"or"doubting" , with present tense or Potential exempli gratia, 'for example' nāśaṃse yadi jīvanti-,"I do not expect that they are alive" see ) ; or if placed after duṣkaraṃ- or kathaṃ cid- it may ="hardly","scarcely" ; or it may = "if perchance","perhaps"(with Potential with or without iti-,or with future or present tense) etc. The following are other combinations: yadi tāvat-,"how would it be if"(with present tense or imperative) |
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| yadi | ind. y/ady /api- (rarely api yadi-),"even if","although"(followed by tathāpi-or tad api-or sometimes by no particle in the correlative clause) |
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| yadi | ind. y/adi- - y/adi-vā-, or y/adi vā- - y/adi vā-, or y/adi vā- - y/adi-, or yadi vā- - vā-, or vā- - yadi vā-, or yad vā- - yadi vā-,"if - or if","whether - or" |
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| yadi | ind. y/adi vā- - n/a vā-,"whether - or not" |
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| yatkiṃcana | See column 2. under y/ad- |
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