Sanskrit Dictionary

mf(/u-or v/ī-)n. soft, delicate, tender, pliant, mild, gentle

etc., etc.

mf(/u-or v/ī-)n. weak, feeble

mf(/u-or v/ī-)n. slight, moderate

mf(/u-or v/ī-)n. slow (gait)

etc.

mf(/u-or v/ī-)n. (in astronomy) situated in the upper apsis.

nīvi

See nī-v/i-.

pariviṣ

P. -veṣati-

(mostly Intensive -veveṣṭi- subjunctive -veviṣati- Potential -veviṣyāt-

; -veviṣāṇi-, -aveviṣat-

; A1. future parasmE-pada -vekṣyamāṇa-

; ind.p. -v/iṣya-

;Ved. infinitive mood -v/iṣe-

), to serve, wait on, offer or dress food: Passive voice -viṣyate-, to be served etc.

; to have a halo (said of sun or moon)

: Causal -veṣayati- (ind.p. -veṣya-,also written -veś-), to offer food, wait on (accusative)

; to dress food

paryāvṛt

A1. -v/artate- (Epic also ti- Potential -vartet-

; perfect tense -vavarta-, -vavṛte-

; Aorist pary-/ā-vart-

; ind.p. pari-vṛtya-

), to turn round (intrans.;trans. only ind.p.), turn away from (ablative), return to (dative case)

etc. ; to be changed into (instrumental case)

; to get possessed of (accusative)

: Causal -vartayati-, to turn or roll round (trans.)

; to change or barter against (imperative 2. sg. tāt-)

: Desiderative -v/ivṛtsati-, to wish to roll round

pavitrapūta

(v/itra--) mfn. clarified with a strainer

pavitraratha

(v/itra--) mfn. having the strainer as a chariot (soma-)

pavyā

f. equals pav/i-, the tire of a wheel (?)

pharvī

See prapharv/ī-.

pṛthivibhāga

(v/i--) mfn. having the earth as a share, entitled to it

pṛthivīdyāvā

(v/ī--) Nominal verb dual number earth and heaven

(see dyāvā-pṛthivī-).

pṛthivīsaṃśita

(v/ī--) mfn. impelled by the earth

mf(v/ī-or u-)n. broad, wide, expansive, extensive, spacious, large

mf(v/ī-or u-)n. great, important

mf(v/ī-or u-)n. ample, abundant

mf(v/ī-or u-)n. copious, numerous, manifold

etc. ( pṛthu u- ind.)

mf(v/ī-or u-)n. prolix, detailed

mf(v/ī-or u-)n. smart, clever, dexterous

pū

cl.9 P. A1. (

) pun/āti-, punīt/e- (3. plural A1. pun/ate-

, punat/e-

;2. sg. imperative P. punīhi-

etc., punāh/i-

) ; cl.1. A1. (

) p/avate- (of P.only imperative -pava-

,and parasmE-pada genitive case plural pavatām-

; parasmE-pada A1. punān/a-below, p/avamāna-See;1. sg. A1. punīṣe-

; perfect tense pupuvuh-. ve-

; apupot-

; Aorist apāviṣuḥ- subjunctive apaviṣṭa-

; future paviṣyati-, pavitā- grammar; ind.p. pūtv/ā-

; pūtv/ī-

; pavitvā- grammar; -p/ūya-and -pāvam-

etc.; infinitive mood pavitum-

), to make clean or clear or pure or bright, cleanse, purify, purge, clarify, illustrate, illume (with s/aktum-,"to cleanse from chaff, winnow";with kr/atum-or manīṣ/ām-,"to enlighten the understanding";with hiraṇyam-,"to wash gold")

etc. ; (met.) to sift, discriminate, discern ; to think of or out, invent, compose (as a hymn)

; (A1. p/avate-) to purify one's self. be or become clear or bright ; (especially) to flow off clearly (said of the soma-)

; to expiate, atone for

; to pass so as to purify ; to purify in passing or pervading, ventilate

etc. (confer, compare pav-): Passive voice pūy/ate-, to be cleaned or washed or purified ; to be freed or delivered from (ablative)

etc.: Causal pav/ayati- or pāvayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpavat- grammar; Passive voice pāvyate-

), to cleanse, purify

: Desiderative , pupūṣati-, pipaviṣate- grammar : Desiderative of Causal pipāvayiṣati- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Umbr.pir; German Feuer; English fire.])

purogava

m. one who precedes, a leader (f. v/i-)

puru

mf(pūrv/ī-)n. ( pṝ-) much, many, abundant (only purū-, r/ūṇi-, rūṇām-and several cases of f. pūrvī-;in later language only in the beginning of a compound)

etc. (r/u-.much, often, very [also with a Comparative degree or superl.];with simā-,everywhere;with tir/as-,far off, from afar; purār/u-,far and wide; pur/u v/iśva-,one and all, every

)

raghu

mf(v/ī-)n. ( raṃh-; see laghu-) hastening, going speedily, fleet, rapid

raghu

mf(v/ī-)n. light, fickle

mf(jv/ī-)n. ( arj-

;probably fr.2. ṛñj-, column 3

), tending in a straight direction, straight (literally and figuratively; opp. to vṛjin/a-), upright, honest, right, sincere

etc.

mf(jv/ī-)n. in a straight line, straight on

etc.

mf(jv/ī-)n. Comparative degree /ṛjīyas-

rajīyas-

mf(jv/ī-)n. superl. ṛjiṣṭha-

r/ajiṣṭha-

mf(v/ī-)n. straight, right

mf(v/ī-)n. leading straight to a goal, hitting the mark, unerring (as an arrow or thunderbolt)

mf(v/ī-)n. straightened, not entangled (as threads)

mf(v/ī-)n. well-disposed, kind, willing, obedient

mf(v/ī-)n. successful, effective, efficient (as a hymn or prayer)

mf(v/ī-)n. ready, prepared (as soma-)

mf(v/ī-)n. peaceful, secure

mf(v/ī-)n. powerful, excellent, good for (locative case) or towards (locative case genitive case, dative case accusative,with prati-, anu-, abhi-, pari-,or compound)

etc.

mf(v/ī-)n. fit, proper, right

mf(v/ī-)n. good, virtuous, honourable, righteous

etc.

mf(v/ī-)n. well-born, noble, of honourable or respectable descent

mf(v/ī-)n. correct, pure

mf(v/ī-)n. classical (as language)

sam

ind. (connected with 7. sa-and 2. sama-,and opp. to 3. vi- q.v) with, together with, along with, together, altogether (used as a preposition or prefix to verbs and verbal derivatives, like Greek , Latin con,and expressing"conjunction","union","thoroughness","intensity","completeness" exempli gratia, 'for example' saṃyuj-,"to join together"; saṃ-dhā-,"to place together"; saṃ-dhi-,"placing together"; saṃ-tap-,"to consume utterly by burning"; sam-uccheda-,"destroying altogether, complete destruction";in Vedic or Veda the verb connected with it has sometimes to be supplied, exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpo agn/im yaś/asaḥ s/aṃ h/i pūrv/īih-,"for many glorious waters surrounded agni-";it is sometimes prefixed to nouns in the sense of 2. sama-,"same"; confer, compare samartha-)

saṃvidya

(s/aṃ--) n. = saṃ-v/id-2

saṃvṛj

A1. -vṛṅkte- (rarely P.), to sweep together, lay hold of or seize for one's self. appropriate, own

: Desiderative -v/ivṛkṣate-, to wish to appropriate

saṃvṛt

A1. -vartate- (perfect tense parasmE-pada -vavṛtv/as- q.v; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -v/ṛtas-; indeclinable -vartam-), to turn or go towards, approach near to, arrive at

; to go against, attack (accusative)

; to meet, encounter (as foes)

; to come together, be rolled together, be conglomerated

; (also with mithas-) to have sexual intercourse together

; to take shape, come into being, be produced, arise from (ablative)

etc. ; to come round or about, come to pass, happen, occur, take place, be fulfilled (as time)

; etc. ; to begin, commence

; to be, exist

etc. ; to become, grow, get (with Nominal verb)

; to be conducive to, serve for (dative case)

: Causal vartayati-, to cause to turn or revolve, roll (literally and figuratively)

etc. ; to turn towards or hither

; to clench (the fist)

; to wrap up, envelop

; to crumple up, crush, destroy

; to bring about, accomplish, perform, execute

; to fulfil, satisfy (a wish)

; to think of. find out (a remedy)

: Desiderative -v/ivṛtsati-, to wish to have sexual intercourse with (accusative)

śimi

f. work, labour equals śimī- (See a-śimi-dv/iṣ-).

skambh

or skabh- (prob. a mere phonetic variety of stambh- q.v;in native lists written skanbh-) cl.5.9. P. (

) skabhn/oti-, skabhn/āti- (according to to

also cl.1 A1. skambhate-; pr. p. skabhnuv/at-

; skabh/at-

; perfect tense cask/ambha-,2. dual number -skambh/athuḥ-

; parasmE-pada caskabhān/a-

; Aorist askambhīt- grammar; future skambhitā-, skambhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood skambhitum-

; -sk/abhe-

; ind.p. skabhitv/ī-

) to prop, support, make firm, fix, establish

: Causal skambhayati- (Aorist acaskambhat-, grammar;See skambhita-) or skabhāy/ati- (

Va1rtt. 1

;See skabhita-), to prop, support, fix

; to impede, check

spardhas

See v/i-ṣpardhas-.

sphul

(later collateral of sphur-;only with preposition See ni--, -niḥ-,and v/i-sphul-; see sphal-) cl.6 P. (

) sphulati- (perfect tense pusphola- future sphulitā-etc. grammar), to tremble, throb, vibrate

; to dart forth, appear

; to collect

; to slay, kill

[For cognate wordsSee under sphal-.]

srāvin

mfn. streaming, flowing (Comparative degree v/itara-)

sūryaśrit

varia lectio for -śv/it-

suvarvat

(s/uvar--) mfn. equals sv/arvat- and svar-v/id-

suvarvid

mfn. equals sv/arvat- and svar-v/id-

svadhāyin

mfn. owning the svadhā- (said of the pitṛ-s; varia lectio svadhāv/in-)

svadhiti

mf. (also written śv-) an axe etc. (in

among the vajra-nāmāni-; dev/ī sv/adhitiḥ-,"heavenly axe", thunderbolt)

svādu

mf(v/ī-)n. sweet, savoury, palatable, dainty, delicate, pleasant to the taste, agreeable, chirming (also as Comparative degree "sweeter than etc." , with ablative)

etc.

svarita

m. n. the svarita- accent (a kind of mixed tone, produced by a combination of high and low tone, and therefore named in

sam-āhāra-,the high and low tones being called ud-ātta-,"raised"or"acute", and an-udātta-,"low"or"grave";the svarita- corresponds to the Greek circumflex and is of four kinds, viz. kṣaipra-[as in vy-/āpta-for v/i-āpta-], jātya-[as in kv/a-for k/ua-], praśliṣṭa-[as in div/īva-for div/i iva-],or abhinihita-[as in t/e 'bruvan-for t/e abruvan-];it is marked in

by a small upright stroke above a syllable;and when produced by an udātta-immediately preceding is sometimes called "a dependent svarita-", and, when it properly belongs to a word, an"independent svarita-")

svīkṛ

(sv/ī--) P. A1. -karoti-, -kurute- (the latter older and more correct) , to make one's own, win, appropriate, claim

etc. ; to take to one's self, choose (with or without bhāryārthe-,"to take for a wife, marry"; snuṣā-tvena-,"for a daughter-in-law")

; to win power over (hearts etc.)

; (A1.) to admit, assent or agree to, ratify

: Causal -kārayati-, to cause any one to appropriate, present any one with (two accusative)

śvit

See uda-śv/it- and sūrya-śv/it-.

takva

t/akvan-, kva-v/ī-, etc. See tak-.

takvavī

m. (Nominal verb sg. and plural v/īs-) a bird, bird of prey

tan

cl.8 P. A1. n/oti-, nut/e- (3. plural nv/ate-[ /ā--and vi-tanvat/e-

]

; imperative nu-[ /ava-and v/i-tanuhi-

; see

Va1rtt. 1

]

; nuṣva-

; subjunctive 2. sg. nuthās-,

;1. dual number navāvahai-,

; imperfect tense 3. plural /atanvata-,

; perfect tense P. tat/āna-,once tāt-

;2. sg. tat/antha-[

],class. tenitha-[

]; A1.1. 2. 3. sg. [ /ā--] tatane-, [abh/i-]tatniṣe-, [v/i-]tatne-

;3. sg. irregular tate-,

;3. plural tatnir/e-[

v/i--

] or ten-[

(vi--)etc.; see

]; Aorist P. /atan-

; [/ā-]atān-,

;

;[ p/ari--, v/i--] atanat-

; [anv-/ā]atāṃsīt-

; atānīt-

; tat/anat-, [abh/i-]t/anāma-, t/anan-

;2. plural ataniṣṭa-

;3. dual number atāniṣṭām-

; A1. atata-or ataniṣṭa-, atathās-or ataniṣṭhās-

;3. plural /atnata-

; tat/ananta-,

;1. sg. atasi- plural ataṃsmahi-

; future 2nd taṃsy/ate-

; future 1st [vi-]tāyitā-

; parasmE-pada proper tanv/at-, vān/a-; perfect tense tatanv/as-; ind.p. tatvā-, tv/āya-, -t/atya-

;[ vi--] tāya-

; infinitive mood tantum-

; Passive voice tāy/ate-

[ parasmE-pada y/amāna-]

etc.; tanyate-

; Aorist atāyi-

) to extend, spread, be diffused (as light) over, shine, extend towards, reach to

etc. ; to be protracted, continue, endure

; to stretch (a cord), extend or bend (a bow), spread, spin out, weave

etc. ; to emboss

; to prepare (a way for)

; to direct (one's way, gatim-) towards

; to propagate (one's self or one's family, tanūs-, tantum-)

; to (spread id est to) speak (words)

; to protract

; to put forth, show, manifest, display, augment

etc. (Passive voice to be put forth or extended, increase

) ; to accomplish, perform (a ceremony)

etc. ; to sacrifice

; to compose (a literary work)

; to render (any one thirsty, double accusative)

: Desiderative titaniṣati-, taṃsati-, tāṃs-

: Intensive tantanyate-, tantanīti-,

; ([ see , etc.])

tanū

f. (of n/u- q.v; accusative nv/am-

etc.

; nuvam-[

vArttika ]

;instr, nuvā-,

; genitive case ablative nv/as-

etc.; locative case nv/i-& nv/ī-

; nv/ām-

etc.; dual number n/ū-[

], nv/ā-[

], n/uvau-[

], nvau-[see gharma--]; plural Nominal verb & accusative nv/as-

etc.

; Nominal verb n/uvas-

) the body, person, self (often used like a reflexive noon.; see ātm/an-)

etc.

tapasvin

mfn. (

) distressed, wretched, poor, miserable

(Comparative degree -v/i-tara-)

tarasvat

mfn. (t/ar-) equals -v/in- (indra-)

tejasvinitamā

f. Superl. of f. of sv/in-

tejasvinītamā

f. Superl. of f. of sv/in-

triṣaṃyukta

mfn. (n. scilicet hav/is-or k/arman-)

and

tṛṇṇa

See /ati--, ava--, /ā--, v/i--, s/aṃ--.

tryavi

m. "3 sheep times old", a calf 18 months old

(f. v/ī-,

)

tugryā

f. plural (scilicet v/iśas-) tugra-'s race ["the waters"

]

tuvī

equals v/i-.

tuvibrahman

(v/i--). mfn. very devoted

tuvideṣṇa

(v/i--) mfn. giving much (indra-),

tuvīmagha

(v/ī--) equals vi-m-

tuviśravas

(v/i--) mfn. highly renowned (agni-),

tuviṣṭama

(v/iṣ--) mfn. Superl. strongest,

tuvivāja

(v/i--) mf(ā-)n. abounding in food

tviṣimat

(tv/iṣ-) See ṣī-m-.

udbhū

mf(bhv/ī-)n. (bh/u-) "being up to what is wanted", sufficient

udbhū

mf(bhv/ī-)n. having persistency, persevering

uru

mf(v/ī-)n. (1. vṛ-; ūrṇu-

), wide, broad, spacious, extended, great, large, much, excessive, excellent

uru

mf(v/ī-)n. Comparative degree varīyas-, superl. variṣṭha-; ([ confer, compare Greek , etc.: Hibernian or Irish ur,"very"; uras-,"power, ability."])

urvī

f. See urv/ī-,

urvī

f. dual number (v/ī-) "the two wide ones", heaven and earth

vac

cl.2 P. (

) vakti- (occurs only in sg. vacmi-, vakṣi-, vakti-,and imperative vaktu-; Vedic or Veda also cl.3 P. v/ivakti-; perfect tense uv/āca-, ūj-

etc.; uv/aktha-

; vavāca-, vavakṣ/e-

; Aorist avocat-, cata-

etc.;in veda- also subjunctive vocati-, te-, vecāti-; Potential voc/et-, ceta-; imperative vocatu-; preceding ucyāsam-

; future vakt/ā-

etc.; vakṣy/ati-

etc.; te-

; Conditional avakṣyat-

; infinitive mood vāktum-

etc.; tave-

; tos-

; ind.p. uktv/ā-

etc.; -/ucya-

), to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describe (with accusative with or without prati- dative case or genitive case of Persian,and accusative of thing;often with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tam idaṃ vākyam uvāca-,"he spoke this speech to him";with double accusative also"to name, call"A1.with nom;"one's self";with punar-,"to speak again, repeat";or "to answer, reply")

etc. ; to reproach, revile (accusative)

: Passive voice ucy/ate- (Aorist avāci-,or in later language avoci-), to be spoken or said or told or uttered etc.

etc. (yad ucyate-,"what the saying is") ; to resound

; to be called or accounted, be regarded as, pass for (Nominal verb

also locative case)

etc.: Causal vācayati-, te- (Potential vācayīta-

; Aorist avīvacat-; Passive voice vācyate-), to cause to say or speak or recite or pronounce (with, double accusative;often the object is to be supplied)

etc. ; to cause anything written or printed to speak id est to read out loud

etc. ; (

) to say, tell, declare

; to promise

: Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- (Passive voice vivakṣyate-), to desire to say or speak or recite or proclaim or declare

etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant

: Intensive (only /avāvacīt-) to call or cry aloud

[ confer, compare Greek for in, etc.; Latin vocare,vox; German gi-waht,gi-wahinnen,er-wähnen.]

vācas

See v/i-vācas- and s/a-vācas-.

van

cl.1 P. (

) v/anati- (Vedic or Veda also te-,and van/ati-) ; cl.8 P. A1. (

) van/oti-, vanut/e- (perfect tense vāv/āna-, vāv/antha-, vavanm/a-, vavn/e-; parasmE-pada vavanv/as-

; Aorist vanta-, v/aṃsva-

; vaṃsat-, sate-

; vaniṣat-

; ṣanta-

; vanuṣanta-,

; Potential vaṃsīmahi-, vasīmahi-

; preceding vaniṣīṣṭa-

vaṃsiṣīya-

; future vaniśā- grammar; vaniṣyate-,

; infinitive mood vanitum- grammar; -vantave-

), to like, love, wish, desire

; to gain, acquire, procure (for one's self or others)

; to conquer, win, become master of, possess

; to prepare, make ready for, aim at, attack

; to hurt, injure

(

also"to sound";"to serve, honour, worship, help, aid") : Causal vanayati- or vānayati-

;

varia lectio (confer, compare saṃ-van-): Desiderative v/ivāsati-, te-, to attract, seek to win over

: Intensive (only vāv/anaḥ-and vāvandh/i-;but confer, compare vanīvan-) to love, like

[ confer, compare Latin venia,Venus; Got.gawinnan; German gewinnen; English win.]

vayas

n. (see 2. v/i-) a bird, any winged animal, the winged tribe (especially applied to smaller birds)

vayunāvid

(

vayuna-v/id-) mfn. learned in rules, well versed in ordinances

m. a bird (strong stem of 1. v/i- q.v)

vepiṣṭha

mfn. (superl. of v/ipra- q.v) most inspired

m. (Nominal verb v/is-or v/es- accusative v/im- genitive case ablative v/es-; plural Nominal verb accusative v/ayas-[acc. vīn-

]; v/ibhis-, v/ibhyas-, vīn/ām-) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the marut-s)

(also occurring in later language).[ confer, compare 1. v/ayas-; Greek for ; Latin a-vis; according to tosome German Ei; Anglo-Saxon ae4g; English egg.]

ind. sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (exempli gratia, 'for example' krī-,"to buy"; vi-krī-,"to sell") , or it intensifies that idea (exempli gratia, 'for example' hiṃs-,"to injure"; vi-hiṃs-,"to injure severely") . The above 3. v/i- may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express"difference" (confer, compare 1. vi-lakṣaṇa-),"change"or"variety" (confer, compare vi-citra-),"intensity" (confer, compare vi-karāla-),"manifoldness" (confer, compare vi-vidha-),"contrariety" (confer, compare vi-loma-),"deviation from right" (confer, compare vi-śīla-),"negation"or"privation" (confer, compare vi-kaccha-,being often used like 3. a-, nir-,and nis-[qq. vv.], and like the Latin dis,se,and the Englisha,dis,in,unetc.)

vī

mfn. going to, eager for, desirous or fond of (genitive case)

(see deva-v/ī-, pada-v/ī-)

vī

mfn. (weak form of vye-) covered (see hiraṇya-v/ī-).

vī

m. = vi-1, a bird (See takva-v/ī-)

vibādha

m. an expeller, remover

(

v/i-b-)

vibandhu

(v/i--) mfn. having no relations

vibhaktṛ

mfn. (with genitive case,or v/i-bhaktṛ-,with accusative) one who distributes, distributer, apportioner

vibhrātṛvya

(v/i--) n. rivalry, hostility

vibhṛtra

(v/i--) mf(ā-)n. to be (or being) borne about or in various directions

mf(/ū-or v/ī-)n. (Ved.) being everywhere, far-extending, all-pervading, omnipresent, eternal

etc.

mf(/ū-or v/ī-)n. abundant, plentiful

mf(/ū-or v/ī-)n. mighty, powerful, excellent, great, strong, effective, able to or capable of (infinitive mood)

etc.