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| ā | (with a preceding noun in the accusative,as j/oṣam-or v/aram-) for   |
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| ā | (with a preceding locative case) in, at, on (As an adverb after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (exempli gratia, 'for example' tr/ir /ā div/as-,"quite or fully three times a day"; mahim/ā vām /indrāgnī p/aniṣṭha-, /ā-,"your greatness, O indra- and agni-, is most praiseworthy indeed", etc.) |
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| abhidu | (pr. p. m. Nominal verb dunv/an-) to burn or pain by burning |
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| abhipitva | n. (see apa-pitv/a-), approaching, visiting, putting up (for the night at an inn) |
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| abhiprava | m. equals abhi-plav/a- below |
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| abhiṣah | ( sah-), (perf. subjunctive -sās/ahat- preceding 2. sg. -sāsahīṣṭh/ās-, parasmE-pada P. -sāhv/as-and A1. -sehān/a-) to overpower, conquer ; (Aorist A1.1. sg. -asākṣi-) to gain, win ; to tolerate, allow, pardon, (Passive voice -sahyate-) |
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| abhisaṃvas | A1. (pr. p. 1. -v/asāna-) to wrap one's self into (accusative) |
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| abhisaṃvas | A1. (pr. p. 2. -v/asāna-) to settle round (accusative) together |
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| abhiśnath | to pierce through, (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood [ ablative ] -śn/athaḥ-[with abibhet-,he was afraid] of being pierced through) ; ( , combining abhi-śn/athaḥ-with v/ajrāt-,takes abhiśn/ath-as an adjective (cf. mfn.)"piercing through, killing") . |
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| abhiṣṭhā | ( sthā-), -tiṣṭhati- (Aorist -asthāt- , -aṣṭhāt- ; perf. p. -taṣṭhiv/as- ) to tread or step upon (accusative) ; to overpower, defeat ; to extend or rise over (accusative) ; to step or advance towards (accusative) ; to stay, live ; to stop |
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| abhiṣu | (3 su-), (3. plural -ṣuṇv/anti-; ind.p. -ṣ/utya-) to press out (with stones) the soma- juice (or any other juice) etc. ; to press out with the help of any liquid (Passive voice 3. plural -ṣūyante-) ; (future parasmE-pada -soṣyat- see ) to moisten : Causal -ṣāvayati- commentator or commentary |
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| abhisvar | f. (instrumental case -sv/arā-) invocation |
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| abhiśvas | (p. -śvas/at-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood (ablative) -śv/asas-) to blow towards or hither ; (p. -śvasat-) to whistle ; to groan |
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| abhitṛd | -tṛṇatti- (Imper. 2. sg. -tṛndhi-[for tṛnd-dhi-]; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -t/ardas- ) to burst open, open, procure (waters) by bursting (the clouds) or by boring (id est digging a well) etc. ; to procure (v/ājam-, v/ājān-, g/āḥ-, gandharv/am-) ; annādyam-, etc. etc.: Desiderative (subjunctive 3. plural -t/itṛtsān-) to try to open |
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| abhivah | (3. plural -v/ahanti-; Potential 3. plural -vaheyuḥ-; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -vakṣi-,3. dual number -voḷh/ām-[ ]) to convey or carry near to or towards : Causal -vāhayati- (incorrectly for ati-v-), to pass (time) |
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| abhva | mfn. ([ ]) or a-bhvā- ([ ]) or abhv/a- ([ ]) (see a-bhuva-) monstrous, immense, terrible |
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| abhyāhve | -hv/ayate-, to address (with the āhāva-formula) ; (pr. p. -hvayat-) to shout at, challenge, attack |
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| abhyavavṛt | A1. (Opt. 3. pl -v/arteran-) to turn one's self away from (ablative) : Causal P. to turn towards or to this side |
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| abhyave | ( i-), -avaiti- to go down, descend (into water, as in bathing) ; (future 3. plural -avaiṣyanti-) to condescend ; (imperfect tense 3. plural -av/āyan-) to perceive |
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| abhyāvṛt | -v/artate- (Imper. 2. sg. -vavṛtsva-; P. imperfect tense 3. sg. -āvart-[ ]) to roll (as a cart) towards, come up to or towards (accusative), approach : Causal (Ved.) -vavartati- idem or '(imperfect tense -āviśat-) to rush into (accusative) ; P. A1. to enter into, penetrate ' ; -vartayati-, to repeat |
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| ācit | (imperative 2. sg. -cikiddhi-; perf. 3. sg. -ciketa-) to attend to, keep in mind ; (subjunctive 1. sg. -ciketam-; perf. 3. sg. -ciketa-, parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb -cikitv/ān-) to comprehend, understand, know ; to invent ; (subjunctive -cetat-or -c/iketat-; perf. A1.3. plural -cikitre-or -cikitrire-) to appear, become visible, distinguish one's self : Desiderative (1. plural -cikitsāmas-) to wait for, watch clandestinely, lurk |
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| adhisaṃvas | (3. pl. v/asante-) to dwell or reside together (quoted in ) |
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| adhiṣvan | ( svan-) to roar along or over (3. sg. Aorist Passive voice in the sense of P. adhiṣv/aṇi-) |
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| adhivṛdh | P. (subjunctive -vardhat-) to refresh, gladden ; A1. -v/ardhate-, to prosper through or by (locative case) |
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| agnimat | mfn. being near the fire ( has v/at-) |
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| āhve | P. -hvayati- (but also Potential 1. sg. ā-huvema- ) A1. -hvayate- (but also 1. sg. /ā-huve- ; Aorist 3. plural /āhūṣata- ; infinitive mood -huv/adhyai- -hvayitav/ai- ) to call near, invoke invite, summon, cite etc. ; to provoke, challenge, emulate (in this sense only A1. ) etc. ; to call to (especially in rites said of the hotṛ-, who addresses the adhvaryu- by the ā-hāva- or ā-hvāna-;See below) and ; to proclaim : Causal -hvāyayati-, to cause to call near, send for ; to cause to summon or challenge or invite : Desiderative -juhūṣati-, to wish to call near, to be about to call near: Intensive /ā-johavīti- , to call near zealously. |
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| ajagāva | n. Name of the sacrificial vessel also called ajakāv/a- (q.v) |
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| ajāvi | m. plural (ajāv/ayas- ) sg. goats and sheep, small cattle. |
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| ākṛti | f. a constituent part (see dv/ādaśākṛti-) |
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| am | amati-, to go ; to go to or towards ; to serve or honour ; to sound ; (Imper. A1.2. sg. amīṣva-; Aorist āmīt-; see abhy-am-) to fix, render firm ; (perf. p. accusative sg. emuṣ/am-for emiv/āṃsam-) to be pernicious or dangerous : Causal ām/ayati- (imperfect tense /āmayat-; Aorist subjunctive āmamat-) to be afflicted or sick (see /an-āmayat-). |
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| anarman | mfn. equals an-arv/an- q.v |
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| anūkṣ | (1 ukṣ-), (parasmE-pada A1. a1nu-... ukṣ/amāṇa-; perf. /anu-... vav/akṣa-) to sprinkle, bedew |
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| anupūrvaśas | ind. equals anu-pūrv/am-. |
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| anupūrvavatsā | (anupūrv/a--) f. a cow which calves regularly |
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| anusvan | (3. sg. Aorist Passive voice - ṣv/aṇi-), to roar after, . |
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| anvart | (according to ) shortened for anu-vart- ( vṛt-), to go after, demand (a girl in marriage) For the abbreviation see anvā-, apv/ā-, a-bhva-. |
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| apapitva | n. (probably for -pittv/a-fr.2. pat-; see abhi-pitv/a-, ā-pitv/a-, pra-pitv/a-;but see also api-tv/a- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /api-), turning away, separation |
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| apara | mf(ā-)n. other, another (opposed to sv/a-) |
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| apavā | -v/āti-, to exhale, perspire (Imper. -vātu-) to blow off |
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| apavṛ | (imperfect tense 2. sg. /apāvṛṇos-,3. sg. /apāvṛṇot-; subjunctive -varat-; Aorist 2. and 3. sg. -āvar-[ -avar-],3. sg. A1. -avṛta-; Aorist subjunctive 1. sg. -vam-[for varm- ], 3. sg. -var-,3. plural -vran-,Imper. 2. sg. [in ]once /apa vṛdhi-and five times /apā vṛdhi-[ see apā--1. vṛ-and /apā-vṛta-]; perf. 2. sg. -vav/artha-,3. sg. -vavāra-) to open, uncover, exhibit ; (ind.p. -vṛtya-) ; (see apā--1 vṛ-): Causal -vārayati-,"to hide, conceal" See apa-vārita-. |
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| apitva | n. having part, share (see apa-pitv/a-.) |
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| apivat | (optative cl.1. plural -vatema-; pr. p. -v/atat-) to understand, comprehend : Caus. (Imper. 2. sg. -vātaya-; pr.p. -vāt/ayat-; Aorist 3. plural avīvatan- ) to cause to understand, make intelligible to (with or without dative case) ; (1. plural -vātayāmasi-) to excite, awaken |
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| apratyṛta | mfn. (equals an-arv/a-), not encountering any resistance in (locative case) |
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| apsuvah | m(Nominal verb plural -v/āhas-)fn. driving in water |
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| apus | n. varia lectio for v/apus- |
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| arhariṣvaṇi | mfn. (said of indra-) exultant [formed by irregular reduplicated of hṛṣ- ; arhari-ṣv/aṇi-,"making enemies cry aloud", ] |
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| arva | and arvaṇa- See an-arv/a-. |
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| arvāc | mfn. v/āṅ-, v/ācī-, v/āk-, Ved. (fr. añc-with arva-,near or "hither") coming hitherward, coming to meet any one, turned towards etc., being on this side (of a river) , being below or turned downwards |
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| arvāc | ind. (/āk-) See ss.vv. arv/āk- and arv/āg-, |
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| arvāgbila | (arv/āg--) mfn. having the mouth downwards |
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| arvāgvasu | mfn. (arv/āg-) offering riches |
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| aṣṭhīvat | m. du. -v/antau- ()"bony" , the knees (see ūrv-aṣṭhīv/a-) |
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| asū | mfn. (3. sū-), not bringing forth, barren and (accusative f. a-sv/am-) (accusative f. as/ūm-). |
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| ātan | P. (2. sg. -tanoṣi-; imperfect tense /ātanot-; perf. -tatāna-; parasmE-pada m. plural -tanv/antas-; perf. p. m. sg. -tatanv/ān-) to extend or stretch over, penetrate, spread, overspread (said of the light), illuminate ; (perf. 2. sg. -tat/antha-) to seek to reach ; to be ready for, wait on (accusative) ; (Aorist subjunctive -tanat-) to stop any one : P. A1. (3. plural -tanvate-; perf. 1. sg. -tatane-) to extend (a texture), spread, stretch (a bow for shooting) etc.: P. to diffuse ; to bestow upon etc. ; to effect, produce etc.: Causal (imperative 2. sg. -tānayā-) to stretch |
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| ātithigva | (5) m. a descendant of atithi-gv/a- |
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| atvakka | ([ ]) or a-tv/ac- ([ ]) mfn. skinless. |
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| av | cl.1 P. /avati- (Imper. 2. sg. avatāt- , parasmE-pada /avat-; imperfect tense /āvat-,2. sg. 1. /āvaḥ-[for 2. /āvaḥ-See vṛ-]; perf. 3. sg. āva-,2. plural āv/a- , 2. sg. /āvitha-; Aorist /avit-,2. sg. āvīs-, avīs-and aviṣas-, Imper. aviṣṭu-,2. sg. aviḍḍh/i-[once ] or aviḍḍhi-[six times in ], 2. dual number aviṣṭam-,3. dual number,2. plural aviṣṭ/anā- preceding 3. sg. avyās-, infinitive mood /avitave- ;Ved. ind.p. āvyā- ) to drive, impel, animate (as a car or horse) ; Ved. to promote, favour, (chiefly Vedic or Veda) to satisfy, refresh ; to offer (as a hymn to the gods) ; to lead or bring to (dative case : ūt/aye-, v/āja-sātaye-, kṣatr/āya-, svast/aye-) ; (said of the gods) to be pleased with, like, accept favourably (as sacrifices, prayers or hymns) , (chiefly said of kings or princes) to guard, defend, protect, govern etc.: Causal (only imperfect tense avayat-,2. sg. āvayas-) to consume, devour ([ confer, compare Greek Latin aveo?]) . |
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| ava | (only genitive case dual number av/or-with vām-,"of you both", corresponding to s/a tv/am-,"thou", etc.) , this (vā-for vām-) [ Zend pronoun ava-; Slavonic or Slavonian ovo; confer, compare also the syllable, in, , etc.; Latin au-t, autem-,etc.] |
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| āva | Nom. Acc. āvām- (Ved. āv/am-) |
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| āva | Inst. dative case . ablative āvābhyām- (Vedic or Veda ablative also āv/at-) |
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| āva | Gen. loc-. āv/ayos-. |
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| avabrava | See an-avabrav/a-. |
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| avahā | (aor.3. sg. av/ahāh-[for hās-t-], perf. 3. sg. -jah/ā- ind.p. -h/āya-) to leave, quit Passive voice hīyate- (future -hasyate- ) to be left remaining, remain behind ,"to remain behind" id est to be excelled (1. sg. hīye-) to be abandoned Causal (Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -jīhipas-) to cause to remain behind on or to deviate from (a path ablative) |
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| avāk | See 1. a-v/ā- and āvāñc-. |
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| avān | ( an-), av/āniti- to breathe or inhale (see /an-avānat-) |
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| avanī | f. Name of a river (See av/ani-.) |
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| avas | ind. (once, before m-, av/ar- ; see ) (fr. 2. /ava-) downwards |
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| avasa | n. (with pad v/at-) "food that has feet" id est cattle |
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| avāśṛṅga | See 2. av/as-. |
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| avastāt | ind. (av/as--) () below |
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| avastāt | See 2. av/as-. |
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| avasthā | P. -tiṣṭhati- (imperfect tense -atiṣṭhat-; Aorist subjunctive -sthāt-; perf. A1.3. sg. -tasthe-; perf. p. P. -tasthiv/as-) to go down into (accusative), reach down to (accusative) ; (Aorist subjunctive 2. plural -sthāta-), to go away from (ablative) ; (Aorist subjunctive 1. sg. -sthām-) to be separated from or deprived of (ablative) : A1. (;rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example' etc.) to take one's stand, remain standing etc. ; to stay, abide, stop at any place (locative case) etc. ; to abide in a state or condition (instrumental case) etc. ; (with ind.p.) to remain or continue (doing anything) , etc. ; to be found, exist, be present ; (perf. 1. sg. -tasthe-) to fall to, fall into the possession of (dative case) ; to enter, be absorbed in in (locative case) ; to penetrate (as sound or as fame) : Passive voice -sthīyate-, to be settled or fixed or chosen : Causal (generally ind.p. -sthāpya-) to cause to stand or stop (as a carriage or an army etc.), let behind etc. ; to place upon (locative case), fix, set, array etc. ; to cause to enter or be absorbed in (locative case) ; to render solid or firm ; to establish (by arguments) commentator or commentary on : Passive voice Causal -sthāpyate-, to be kept firm ["to be separated" ] |
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| avavṛṣ | (p. -v/arṣat-) Ved. to rain upon |
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| āvī | P. -v/eti- (but also -v/ayati- ; perfect tense -vivāya-,etc.) to undertake ; to hasten near, approach ; to grasp, seize ; to drive on or near : Intensive (Potential 3. plural /ā-vavīran- ) to tremble, be agitated ; (for the noun āvī-See āvi-,and for āvī- f.See āvya-.) |
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| avodeva | See 2. av/as-. |
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| āvṛ | A1. (/ā-vṛṇe- ;1. plural -vṛṇīm/ahe-) P. (-v/arat- ) to choose, desire, prefer ; to fulfil, grant (a wish) |
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| āvṛj | A1. -vṛṅkte- (subjunctive -v/arjate- ; Aorist /āvṛkta- ;also P. Aorist 1. sg. /āvṛkṣam- ) to turn or bring into the possession of, procure for, bestow, give ; to turn or bring into one's own possession ; to appropriate ; to be propitiated, favour : Causal P. -varjayati-, to turn over, incline, bend etc. ; to pour out ; to deliver etc. ; to cause to yield, overcome ; to gain one's favour, propitiate, attract |
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| āvṛt | P. (only perfect tense in , -vav/arta-) A1. -vartate- (Aorist 3. sg. /āvṛtsata- ; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ) to turn or draw round or back or near ; to turn or go towards ; to turn round or back, return, revolve etc.: Causal P. -vartayati- (Ved. subjunctive -vav/artati- Potential -vavṛtyāt-,etc.) A1. -vartayate- (Ved. Potential -vavṛtīta-,etc.) to cause to turn, roll ; to draw or turn towards ; to lead near or towards ; to bring back ; to turn round or back etc. ; to repeat, recite, say repeatedly ; to pray etc.: Intensive -varīvartti- , to move quickly or repeatedly. |
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| āyu | A1. (/ā-yuvate- ; perfect tense -yuyuv/e- ; parasmE-pada -yuv/amāna- -yuvāna- ) to draw or pull towards one's self ; to seize, take possession of ; to procure, provide, produce ; to stir up, agitate, mingle and : Intensive (parasmE-pada -y/oyuvāna- ) to meddle with. |
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| badh | b/adhya-, even in Vedic texts sometimes equals vadh-, v/adhya-. |
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| bādh | cl.1 A1. () bādhat/e-, Epic and mc. also P. ti- (perfect tense babādh/e- ; Aorist bādhiṣṭa- , bādhiṣṭām- ; future bādhiṣyate-, ti- etc., bādhitā- grammar; infinitive mood b/ādhe- , bādhitum- ; ind.p. bādhitvā-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order, b/ādhya- ), to press, force, drive away, repel, remove etc. ; (with v/arīyas-) to force asunder ; to harass, pain, trouble, grieve, vex etc. ; to resist, oppose, check, stop, prevent etc. ; to set aside (as a rule), annul, invalidate etc. ; to suffer annoyance or oppression : Passive voice bādhyate-, to be pressed etc. ; to be acted upon, suffer : Causal bādhayati- (Aorist ababādhat- ), to oppress, harass, attack, trouble, vex : Desiderative bibādhiṣate-, to wish to remove or chase away ; bhatsate-, to feel an aversion for, loathe, shrink from (ablative) etc. (see ) Intensive bābadhe- (See pra-bādh-) ; badbodh/e-, to press hard, hem in, confine ; pr. p. badbadhān/a-, striking, knocking against (accusative) ; hemmed in, pent up, [Cf. vadh-,also for kindred words.] |
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| bāhutā | (bāh/u--) ind. in the arms (see dev/a-tā-, puruṣ/a-tā-). |
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| bambaviśvavayas | () and bamb/ā-viśv/avayas- (; see gaRa vanaspaty-ādi- ) m. dual number Name of 2 men (also bambhār-viśvavayas- ) |
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| bandh | cl.9 P. () badhn/āti- (rarely A1. badhnīt/e-; cl.1 P. A1. bandhati-, te- ; cl.4 P. badhyati- ; imperative badhāna- , bandhāna- , -badhnīhi- , bandha- ; perfect tense P. bab/andha-,3. plural bedh/us- , babandhus- ; A1. bedh/e-, dhir/e- , babandhe- grammar; future bhantsyati- etc., bandhiṣyati-, te- ; banddhā- grammar; Aorist abhāntsīt- grammar; preceding badhyāt- ; infinitive mood banddhum-,or bandhitum- , b/adhe- ind.p. baddhv/ā- , dhv/āya- , -badhya- ; -bandham- ), to bind, tie, fix, fasten, chain, fetter etc. ; to bind round, put on (;later also P."on one's self") etc. ; to catch, take or hold captive, met. = to attach to world or to sin ; to fix, direct, fasten, rivet (eyes, ears or mind) on (locative case or infinitive mood) ; to arrest, hold back, restrain, suppress, stop, shut, close ; to bind a sacrificial victim, offer, sacrifice (with dative case of the deity to whom it is presented) : ; to punish, chastise ; to join, unite, put together or produce anything in this way, exempli gratia, 'for example' fold (the hands), clench (the fist), knit or bend (the eyebrows), arrange, assume (a posture), set up (a limit), construct (a dam or a bridge), span, bridge over (a river), conceive or contract (friendship or enmity), compose, construct (a poem or verse) etc. ; to form or produce in any way, cause, effect, do, make, bear (fruit), strike (roots), take up (one's abode) ; to entertain, cherish, show, exhibit, betray (joy, resolution etc.) : Passive voice badhy/ate- (ti- ), to be bound etc. etc. ; (especially) to be bound by the fetters of existence or evil, sin again ; to be affected by id est experience, suffer (instrumental case) : Causal bandhayati- (Aorist ababandhat-), to cause to bind or catch or capture, imprison etc. ; to cause to be built or constructed ; to cause to be embanked or dammed up ; to bind together (also bādhayati-) : Desiderative bibhantsati- grammar : Intensive bābanddhi-, bābadhyate- [ confer, compare Zend band; Greek , ; Latin foedus,fides; Lit.be4ndras; Gothic Anglo-Saxon bindan; German binden; English bind.] |
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| bastya | See v/āja-bastya-. |
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| bhakṣivan | mfn. eating, enjoying (see bhakti-v/an-, -v/as-). |
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| bhaktivan | () mfn. partaking of (with genitive case; see bhakṣi-v/an-). |
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| bhaktivas | () mfn. partaking of (with genitive case; see bhakṣi-v/an-). |
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| bhid | cl.7.P. A1. () bhin/atti-, bhintte- (imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /abhinat- ; subjunctive bhin/aadaḥ- ; imperative bindh/i- ; binddhi- [ confer, compare binddhi-lavaṇā-];cl.1. P. bh/edati- ; Potential bhideyam- ; perfect tense bibh/eda- ; Aorist , 2. 3. sg. bh/et- abhaitsīt- ; bhitthās- ; preceding bhitsīṣṭa- grammar; future bhetsy/ati-, te- etc.; Conditional abhetsyat- ; future bhettā- grammar; infinitive mood bh/ettav/ai- ; bhettum- etc.; ind.p. bhittv/ā-, -bhidya- etc.) , to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroy etc.,; to pass through (as a planet or, comet) ; to disperse (darkness) ; to transgress, violate, (a compact or alliance) etc. ; to open, expand ; to loosen, disentangle, dissolve etc. ; to disturb, interrupt, stop ; to disclose, betray etc. ; to disunite, set at variance ; to distinguish, discriminate : Passive voice bhidy/ate- (Epic also ti- Aorist abhedi- etc.; perfect tense bibhide- ), to be split or broken, burst (intrans.) etc. ; to be opened (as a closed hand, eyes etc.) ; to overflow (as water) ; to be loosened, become loose ; to be stopped or interrupted ; to be disclosed or betrayed ; to be changed or altered (in mind), be won over ; to be disunited ; to keep aloof from (instrumental case) ; to be distinguished, differ from (ablative) etc.: Causal bhedayati-, te- (Aorist abībhidat-; confer, compare also bhidāpana-), to cause to split or break etc. ; to split, break, shatter, crush, destroy ; to separate, divide (See bhedita-) ; to disunite, set at variance, perplex, unsettle (in opinion), seduce, win over : Desiderative b/ibhitsati-, te-, to wish to break through or disperse or defeat (confer, compare, bibhitsā-): Desiderative of Causal See bibhedayiṣu-: Intensive bebhidīti- or bebhetti-, to cleave repeatedly [ confer, compare Latin findo; German beissen; English bite.] |
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| bhojas | See puru-bh/ojas-, viśv/a-bh-, su-bh/ojas- (see bh/ojase-under 3. bhuj-,) . |
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| bhū | cl.1 P. () bh/avati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense babh/ūva-,2. Persian /ūtha-or ūvitha- confer, compare ; babhūyās-, y/ār-, babhūtu- ; A1. babhūve-or bubhūve- ; confer, compare below; Aorist /abhūt-, ūvan-; imperative bodh/i-[ confer, compare budh-], bhūtu- ; Aorist or imperfect tense /abhuvat-, bh/uvat-, bhuvāni- ; preceding bhūyāsam-,2. 3. sg. yās- ; bhūyāt- ; bhūyiṣṭhās- ; bhaviṣāt-[?] ; abhaviṣṭa-, bhaviṣīṣta-. grammar; future bhaviṣy/ati-, Epic also te-and 2. plural ṣyadhvam-; bhavitā- etc.; infinitive mood bhuv/e-, -bhv/e-, bhūṣ/aṇi- ; bhavitum-, tos- ; ind.p. bhūtv/ā-; bhūtv/ī- ; -bh/ūya- etc.; -bh/ūyam-, -bh/avam- ), to become, be (with nom, or adverb or indeclineable words ending in ī-or ū- confer, compare kṛṣṇī-bhū-etc.) , arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur etc. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms;with a fut.p. =to be going or about to exempli gratia, 'for example' anuvakṣyan bhavati-,he is going to recite ;the future of bhū-with a perfect tense parasmE-pada =a future perfect tense exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi-,you will have done ;the perfect tense P. babhūva-after the syllable ām-is put for the perfect tense of verbs of the 10th classetc.[ confer, compare 1. as-and1. kṛ-];the A1.appears in this meaning ;observe also bhavati-with a future tense, it is possible that, exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati-,it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed ; bhavet-,may be, granted, admitted on ; bhavatu- idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ',well, good, enough of this ; iticed bhavet-,if this question should be asked ; kva tad bhavati-,what is to become of this, it is quite useless ;with na-= to cease to exist, perish, die etc.;with iha na-,not to be born on earth ;with śata-dhā-,to fall into a hundred pieces ;with dūrataḥ-,to keep aloof. ;with manasi-or cetasi-and genitive case,to occur to the mind of any one ; idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ' with genitive case alone ) ; to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (confer, compare"esse alicujus";with genitive case,rarely dative case or locative case according to to also with pari-or prati-and preceding accusative) etc. ; to be on the side of, assist (with genitive case or -tas-) (confer, compare ) ; to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dative case of thing) etc. (with phalāya-.to bear fruit ) ; to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with locative case) ; to thrive or prosper in (instrumental case), turn out well, succeed ; to be of consequence or useful ; (also A1. ) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain ; (with id/am-) to obtain it id est be successful or fortunate : Passive voice bhūyate- (or ti- ; Aorist abhāvi-) sometimes used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' yair bhaviṣyate-, by whom it will be existed id est who will be : Causal bhāvayati- (rarely te-; Aorist abībhavat- grammar; infinitive mood bhāvitum- ; Passive voice bhāvyate-etc. ), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create ; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further etc. ; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (accusative) ; to subdue, control ; (also A1. ) to obtain ; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray ; to purify ; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two accusative) etc. ; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume (confer, compare bhāvita-,): Desiderative of Causal bibhāvayiṣati- (), to wish to cause to be etc. : Desiderative b/ubhūṣati- (te-), to wish or strive to become or be etc. ; (with kṣipram-), to strive to be quickly possessed ; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed ; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour ; to want to take revenge : Intens, b/obhavīti-, bobhavati-, bobhoti-, bobhūyate-, to be frequently, to be in the habit of ; to be transformed into (accusative) ; (with tiraḥ-), to keep anything (instrumental case) secret [ confer, compare Zend bu1; Greek , ; Latin fuit,fuatetc.; Slavonic or Slavonian byti; Lithuanian bu4ti; German bim,bim; Anglo-Saxon beo4; English be.] |
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| bhuvadvasu | mfn. giving wealth (prob. a mistake of ,where read bhuvad-[for abhuvat-] v/asuḥ-). |
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| brahmaṇvat | mfn. (v/at- ) accompanied by prayer, devout |
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| bṛh | or vṛh-, cl.6. P. () brih/ati- ; vṛh/ati- (perfect tense babarha-, vav/arha-; future varkṣyati-, varhiṣyati-; varḍhā-, varhitā-; Aorist barhīt-, avṛkṣat-; ind.p. vriḍhvā-, varhitvā-, v/ṛhya-, barham-, v/arham-;Ved. infinitive mood vṛhas-: Passive voice vṛhyate-; Aorist varhi-), to tear, pluck, root up (without a preposition only with mūlam- ): Causal barh/ayati- (See ni-bṛh-): Desiderative vivṛkṣati-, vivarhiṣati- grammar : Intensive varīvarḍhi-, varīvṛhyate- |
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| bṛhaddiva | mfn. "belonging to the lofty sky", heavenly, celestial (also -div/ā-) |
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| ca | ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= , Latin que,placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form(exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ava ca m/ama ca-[not te ca me ca-],"both of thee and me") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented ;it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;in the double ca-occurs more frequently than the single(exempli gratia, 'for example' ah/aṃ ca tv/aṃ ca-,"I and thou", );the double ca-may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit(exempli gratia, 'for example' kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te-,"where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?");in later literature, however, the first ca-is more usually omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' ahaṃ tvaṃ ca-),and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca-is often found(exempli gratia, 'for example' tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā-,"in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position");elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca-is placed after some and omitted after others(exempli gratia, 'for example' ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī-,"the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river");in Vedic or Veda and even in class. Sanskrit[ ] , when the double ca-would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' indraś ca soma-,"both indra- [and thou] soma-"; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ-,"both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united");with lexicographers ca-may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed(exempli gratia, 'for example' kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ-,"the word karaka-has the meaning "pitcher"and other meanings");sometimes ca-is equals eva-,even, indeed, certainly, just(exempli gratia, 'for example' su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam-,"even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name"; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ-,"as great as they [were] just so great was he");occasionally ca-is disjunctive,"but","on the contrary","on the other hand","yet","nevertheless"(varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ-,"better the two first but not the last"; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ-,"this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs"); ca-ca-,though-yet ; ca-na ca-,though - yet not ; ca-- na tu-(varia lectio nanu-) idem or 'm. the letter or sound ca-.', ; na ca-- ca-,though not - yet ; ca-may be used for vā-,"either","or"(exempli gratia, 'for example' iha cāmutra vā-,"either here or hereafter"; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam-,"either a woman or a man or any other being") , and when a negative particle is joined with ca-the two may then be translated by"neither","nor";occasionally one ca-or one na-is omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum-,"I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon"; na pūrvāhṇe nā ca parāhṇe-,"neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon"); ca-ca-may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence(exempli gratia, 'for example' mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ-,"no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god", ); ca-is sometimes equals ced-,"if"(confer, compare ;the verb is accented) ; ca-may be used as an expletive(exempli gratia, 'for example' anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca-,"and with other sacrifices"); ca-is often joined to an adverb like eva-, api-, tathā-, tathaiva-,etc., either with or without a negative particle(exempli gratia, 'for example' vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ-,"one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy");(See eva-, api-,etc.) For the meaning of ca-after an interrogativeSee 2. k/a-,2. kath/ā-, k/im-, kv/a-); ([ confer, compare , Latin que,pe(innempeetc.); Gothic uh; Zend ca; Old Persian ca1.]) |
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| cakṣaṇa | n. (for jakṣ-?) eating a relish to promote drinking (see viśv/a--; abhi--and prati-c/akṣ-; vi-cakṣaṇ/a-.) |
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| cakṣas | m. "teacher of the gods", bṛhaspati- (see /apāka--, īya--, upāk/a--, ghor/a--, viśv/a--, s/ūra--, sv/ar--; uru--, duś--, nṛ--and su-c/akṣ-.) |
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| camū | f. (Ved. locative case m/ū- six times;once mv/i-, ; Nominal verb dual number mv/ā-,iii, 55, 20; genitive case locative case mv/os-; Nominal verb plural mv/as-,viii, 2, 8; locative case plural m/ūṣu-) a vessel or part (two or more in number) of the reservoir into which the soma- is poured |
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| car | cl.1. c/arati-, rarely te- (subjunctive c/arat-,3 plural c/arān- ; perf. cac/āra-[ etc.] , 2 sg. cacartha- ; plural cerur-,etc.; ratur- etc.; A1. cere- ; future cariṣyati-, te-; Aorist acārīt-[ ]; infinitive mood c/aritum-[ ]or cartum-[ ] , Vedic or Veda car/adhyai-[ ], c/aritave-[ ], car/ase-[ ], car/āyai-[ ], caritos-[ ]; ind.p. caritv/ā- ; cartvā- ; cīrtvā-, ; parasmE-pada c/arat-) to move one's self, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.) etc. ; to spread, be diffused (as fire) ; to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow etc. ; to behave, conduct one's self, act, live, treat (with instrumental case or locative case) etc. ; to be engaged in, occupied or busy with (instr exempli gratia, 'for example' yajñ/ena c-,"to be engaged in a sacrifice" ) etc. ; (with[ ]or without[ ] mithun/am-) to have intercourse with, have to do with (instrumental case) ; (with a parasmE-pada or adjective (cf. mfn.) or ind.p. or adverb) to continue performing or being (exempli gratia, 'for example' arcantaś cerur-,"they continued worshipping"; svāminam avajñāya caret-,"he may go on despising his master") etc. ; (in astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction ; to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make (exempli gratia, 'for example' vrat/āni-"to observe vows" etc.; vighnaṃ c-,"to put a hindrance"; bhaikṣaṃ c-"to beg"; vivādaṃ c-,"to be engaged in a lawsuit"; mṛgayāṃ c-,"to hunt" ; sambandhāṃś c-,"to enter into connections"; mārgaṃ cacāra bāṇaiḥ-,"he made a way with arrows"; tapasā indriyāṇi c-,to exercise one's organs with penance ) etc. ; to consume, eat (with accusative), graze ; to make or render (with double accusative) exempli gratia, 'for example' nar/endraṃ satya-sthaṃ carāma-,"let us make the king keep his word" : Causal cārayati-, to cause to move or walk about (Aorist /acīcarat-) ; to pasture ; to send, direct, turn, move etc. ; to cause any one (accusative) to walk through (accusative) ; to drive away from (ablative) ; to cause any one (accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative) ; to cause (any animal accusative) to eat ; to cause to copulate ; to ascertain (as through a spy instrumental case) ; to doubt (see vi--) : Desiderative cicariṣati-, to try to go (parasmE-pada cicarṣat-) ; to wish to act or conduct one's self ; to try to have intercourse with (instrumental case), : Intensive carcarīti- A1. or rarely ([ ]) Passive voice cañcūryate- (curīti-and cūrti- ; ind.p. cūrya- ; parasmE-pada once P. cūryat- ) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative case) etc. ; to act wantonly or coquettishly (see ) ; ([ see, etc.]) |
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| carṣaṇi | f. Name of aryaman-'s children by mātṛkā- (progenitors of the human race) (see pr/a--, ratha--, v/i--, viśv/a--.). |
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| carṣaṇīdhṛti | f. support or protection of men, (locative case tā-,= instrumental case of -dh/ṛt-, scilicet v/ajreṇa- has the Nominal verb tiḥ-) (See -s/ah-). |
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| cārutā | f. equals -tv/a- |
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| catur | tv/āras- m. plural , tv/āri- n. plural , 4 (accusative m. t/uras- instrumental case t/urbhis-[for f. ] genitive case turṇ/ām- ablative t/urbhyas-;class. instrumental case dative case ablative,and locative case also oxyt. ; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' and on ;for f.See c/atasṛ-); [ confer, compare, AEolic ; Gothic fidvor; Latin quatuor; Cambro-Brit. pedwar,pedair; Hibernian or Irish ceatkair; Lithuanian keturi; Slavonic or Slavonian cetyrje.] |
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| cāturmāsya | n. plural Name of the 3 sacrifices performed at the beginning of the 3 seasons of 4 months (viz. vaiśvadev/am-, varuṇa-praghās/āḥ-, sākam-edh/āḥ-) etc. |
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| catvāriṃśat | f. (;fr. catv/āri-[n. plural ]and daś/at-,a decad) 40 |
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| cāy | (see 2.and3. ci-) cl.1. c/āyati- (imperfect tense acāyat- etc.; Aorist acāyīt-,or acāsīt- ;1. sg. acāyiṣam- ; ind.p. cāyitv/ā-), to observe, perceive, notice (see ) ; to fear, be afraid of (accusative) : A1. (pr. p. 1. c/āyamāna-) to behave respectfully : Intensive cekīyate- ; ([ see c/eru-,, .]) |
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| ceṣṭ | cl.1. c/eṣṭati-, te- (inf ṭitum-) to move the limbs, move, stir ; to make effort, exert one's self, struggle, strive, be active ; to be busy or occupied with (accusative) ; to act, do, perform, care for ; to prepare (ind.p. ceṣṭitv/ā-): Causal ṭayati-, te- (Aorist aciceṣṭat-[ ] or acac- ) to cause to move, set in motion, impel, drive |
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| ci | cl.5. cin/oti-, nute- (1. plural cinumas-and nmas- ; perf. cikāya-and cicāya-, ;2. cicetha-, ;3. plural ciky/ur- ; parasmE-pada cikivas- ; A1. cikye-and cicye- ; parasmE-pada cikyān/a- v; 2nd future parasmE-pada ceṣyat- ; 1st future cetā- ; Aorist acaiṣīt- on ;Ved. cikayām akar-, ;1. sg. acaiṣam-,2. sg. acais- ;3. plural acaiṣur- ; A1. aceṣṭa- ; preceding ceṣīṣṭa- , or cīyāt-, ; ind.p. citv/ā- etc.; Passive voice cīyate- etc.; future cāyiṣyate-& ceṣy- Conditional acāyiṣyata-& aceṣy- ) to arrange in order, heap up, pile up, construct (a sacrificial altar; P.,if the priests construct the altar for another; A1.,if the sacrificer builds it for himself) ; to collect, gather together, accumulate, acquire for one's self ; to search through (for collecting; see 2. ci-) () ; to cover, inlay, set with ; Passive voice cīyate-, to become covered with ; to increase, thrive () : Causal cayayati- and capay-, to heap up, gather ; cāyayati- and cāpay- : Desiderative cikīṣate- (also ti-, ) to wish to pile up ; cicīṣati- ( [ed. vivīṣ-] ) to wish to accumulate or collect : Desiderative Causal (parasmE-pada cicīṣayat-) to cause any one to wish to arrange in order : Intensive cecīyate- on |
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| cikitu | f. (instrumental case tv/ā-) understanding (?) |
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| cit | cl.1. c/etati- (imperfect tense acetat- ; parasmE-pada c/etat- ) cl.2. (A1. Passive voice 3. sg. cit/e-, ; parasmE-pada f. instrumental case citantyā-, ; A1. citāna-, ) cl.3. irreg. cīhetati- (; subjunctive ciketat- ; imperative 2. sg. cikiddhi- ; parasmE-pada cikitān/a- ; perf. cik/eta- etc.; ciceta- ;3. dual number cetatur- ; A1.and Passive voice cikit/e- etc.;3. plural tre- ;for parasmE-pada cikitv/as-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order; A1. Passive voice cicite- ; Aorist acetīt- ; A1. Passive voice /aceti-and c/eti- ;for acait-See 2. ci-; future 1st c/ettā-, ) to perceive, fix the mind upon, attend to, be attentive, observe, take notice of (accusative or genitive case) ; to aim at, intend, design (with dative case) ; to be anxious about, care for (accusative or genitive case), ; to resolve, ; to understand, comprehend, know (perf. often in the sense of proper) ; P. A1. to become perceptible, appear, be regarded as, be known : Causal cet/ayati-, te- (2. plural cet/ayadhvam- subjunctive cetayat- imperative 2. dual number cetayethām- imperfect tense /acetayat- ;3. plural cit/ayante- ; parasmE-pada cit/ayat- (eleven times); cet/ayat-, ; A1. cetayāna-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) to cause to attend, make attentive, remind of. ; to cause to comprehend, instruct, teach ; to observe, perceive, be intent upon ; A1. (once P. ) to form an idea in the mind, be conscious of, understand, comprehend, think, reflect upon ; P. to have a right notion of. know ; P. "to recover consciousness", awake ; A1. to remember, have consciousness of (accusative) ; to appear, be conspicuous, shine : Desiderative c/ikitsati- (fr. kit- ;exceptionally A1. ; imperative tsatu- subjunctive tsāt- Aorist 2. sg. /acikitsīs- ; Passive voice parasmE-pada cikitsyamāna- ) to have in view, aim at, be desirous ; to care for, be anxious about, ; ( ) to treat medically, cure ; to wish to appear : Causal of Desiderative (future cikitsayiṣyati-) to cure : Intensive cekite- (fr.2. ci-?,or for tte- ; parasmE-pada c/ekitat-, ; A1. c/ekitāna- eight times) to appear, be conspicuous, shine |
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| citti | f. see /a--, pūrv/a--, pr/āyaś--. |
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| cyava | mfn. See bhuvana-cyav/a-. |
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| cyu | cl.1. cy/avate- (Epic also ti-; subjunctive 1. sg. cy/avam- ;3. plural cyavanta-, future cyoṣyate- ; Aorist 2. plural acyoḍhvam-[ subjunctive cy-, ] and preceding cyoṣīḍhvam- ) to move to and fro, shake about ; to stir, move from one's place, go away, retire from (ablative), turn off; ; ; to deviate from (ablative), abandon (duty etc. ablative;exceptionally genitive case infinitive mood cyavitum-) ; to come forth from, come out of. drop from, trickle, stream forth from (ablative; see 2. cyut-), ; to fall down, fall, slide from (ablative), ; to fall from any divine existence (so as to be re-born as a man) ; to die ; "to fall from", be deprived of, lose (with ablative) (Aorist acyoṣṭa-) ; to fall away, fade away, disappear, vanish, perish ; to fail ; to sink down, sink (literally and figuratively) ; (in the series of re-births) ; to decrease (with instrumental case) ; to bring about, create, make (perfect tense 2. sg. cicyuṣ/e- see ); (perfect tense cucyuv/e-) ; to cause to go away, make forget ; Causal cyāv/ayati- (once cyav- always cyav-, parasmE-pada cyāv/ayat- ; imperfect tense acucyavur-, ; perfect tense cyāvayām āsa- ) P. to cause to move, shake, agitate ; A1. to be moved or shaken ; P. to loosen, ; to remove from a place, drive away from (ablative) ; to cause (rain, v/ṛṣṭim-) to fall ; to deprive any one (accusative) of (accusative) ; Intensive (imperfect tense 2. plural acucyavītana-) to shake : Causal Desiderative cicyāvayiṣati- or cucy- |
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| dā | cl.3. d/adāti- (plural dati- etc.; A1. datte- ;1. sg. dadmi- ; imperative d/adātu- plural dahu-;2. sg. daddh/i- ; deh/i-[ ] ;2. plural d/adāta- , tana- , datt/a- etc.;2. dual number tt/am- etc.; Potential dady/āt- etc.; imperfect tense /adadāt-; plural /adadur- ;2. dual number /adattam- etc.;2. plural ttana-, , /adadāta- ; subjunctive d/adat- , das- dan- parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb sg. d/adat- plural tas- etc.; parasmE-pada A1. d/adāna-, ; n/a-, ; sg. dadati-, ; plural danti-, ; imperative da-, ; data- ; Potential det- ; imperfect tense /adadat- ; A1. sg. d/adate- ; plural dante-, ; imperative sg. datām- ; dasva- etc.; imperfect tense plural /adadanta- ; parasmE-pada d/adamāna- ; Aorist /adāt-[ ], dat-, /adur-, d/ur-etc.; subjunctive 2. dual number dāsathas- [ confer, compare ]; Potential 1. plural deṣma- ; perfect tense dad/au-, d/ur-, d/athur-, datur-, d/o- etc.; Passive voice d/e-, ; dadade-, dāte-, dire- ; parasmE-pada genitive case dad/uṣas- , ṣām- ; Nominal verb dv/ān-, ; dāvan- ; accusative div/āṃsam-, [ confer, compare ]; future parasmE-pada dāsy/at- ; A1. syate-, syante-,1. sg. sye- ; preceding deyāt- ; infinitive mood dāv/ane- ; d/ātos-, ; tave-, ; d/ātav/ai-[ ] ; tum-, etc.: ind.p. dattv/āya-[ ] ; ttv/ā- etc.; -d/āya-[ ] etc.: Passive voice dīyate-[ ]; parasmE-pada y/amāna- ; Aorist adāyi- ; preceding dāsīṣṭa-, dāyis-, ) cl.1. d/āti- (; imperative tu-, ; confer, compare Va1rtt. 3 ) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dative case,in later language also genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to give (a daughter, kanyām-) in marriage etc. ; to hand over ; (with haste-) ; to give back, ; to pay (daṇḍam-,"a fine"; ṛṇam-,"a debt", ) ; to give up, cede (āsanam-,"one's seat") ; (panthānam-or mārgam-,"to give up the road, allow to pass") and ; to sell (with instrumental case of the price), ; to sacrifice (ātmānam-,"one's self."; āt- khedāya-,"to give one's self up to grief", ) ; to offer (an oblation etc.) etc. ; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas- ), give (answer, prati-vacas-, canam-, praty-uttaram- etc.), speak (satyaṃ vacas-,the truth, ; vacam-,to address a speech to [ dative case ] ) ; to permit, allow (with infinitive mood) ; to permit sexual intercourse ; to place, put, apply (in med.) etc. ; to add ; with varam-,"to grant a boon" etc. ; śoham-,"to cause grief", ; avakāśam-,"to give room or space, allow to enter" etc. ; prāṇān- or jīvitam-,"to spare any one's life" ; talam- or lān-, to slap with the palms of the hands ; la-prahāram-, to strike with the palm tālam-, to beat time with the hands ; saṃjñām-, to make a sign ; saṃketakam-, to make an appointment samayam-, to propose an agreement ; upamām-, to compare with [ genitive case ] ; paṭaham-, to proclaim with the drum ; śabdam-, to make a noise, call out ; śāpam-, to utter a curse etc. ; gāīh-. idem or 'm. fire ' ; anuyātram-, to accompany ; āliṅganane-, parirambhaṇam-, to embrace, ; jhampam-, to jump ; śrāddham-, to perform a śrāddha- ; vratakam-, to accomplish a vow ; yuddham-, niy-, saṃgrāmam-, to give battle, fight with ; ājñām- ādeśam-, to give an order, command, ; saṃdeśam-, to give information ; prayogam-, to give a dramatic representation vṛtim-, to fence in ; darśanam-, to show one's self ; dṛṣṭim-, dṛśam-, akṣi-, caksus-, to fix the eyes on (locative case) ; karṇam-, to give ear, listen ; manas-, to direct the mind to (locative case) ; kars- kapolam-, to rest the cheek on the hand ; nigaḍāni- to put on or apply fetters pāvakam-, to set on fire ; agnīn- to consume by fire ; śāram-, to move a chess-man ; argalam-, to draw a bolt, bar ; jānu-, to kneel upon (genitive case) ; padam-, to tread upon [loc.] ; to direct the steps ; viṣam-, to poison (with accusative !) ; garam- idem or 'm. fire ' (with genitive case) ; -- A1. to carry, hold, keep, preserve ; to show (Aorist adadiṣṭa-; aded-fr. diś- ) : Causal dāpayati- (; Aorist adīdapat-, ) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore etc. ; to demand from (ablative) ; to cause to utter or speak ghoṣaṇām-, to cause to be made known ; to cause to place or advance, ; to cause to perform, to cause to be put on (locative case) : Desiderative d/itsati- (; parasmE-pada d/idāsat- ; d/itsat-, ; Potential tseyam- ; perfect tense 2. sg. didāsitha- ; confer, compare ) to wish to give, be ready to bestow etc. ; to wish to give in marriage etc.: Intensive dedīyate- ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin do;etc.]) |
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| daiva | mf(/ī-)n. or daiv/a- (fr. dev/a-) belonging to or coming from the gods, divine, celestial etc. |
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| dakṣiṇāvah | mf(Nominal verb -v/āṭ-)n. being borne to the right of the fire (the ladle) |
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| daṃś | cl.1. (originally cl.6.) d/aśati- (; A1. ; parasmE-pada d/aśat- etc.; perfect tense dadaṃśa-; plural śur- ; parasmE-pada dadaśv/as- ; future daṅkṣyati- ; daṃṣṭā- ;1. plural daśiṣyāmas- ; Aorist adāṅkṣīt- ; plural ṣur- ; ind.p. daṃṣṭvā- ; cl.1. daṃśati- ) to bite etc.: Causal to cause to bite ; to cause to be bitten by (instrumental case) : Intensive dandaśyate-, śīti- ; dandaṣṭi-, daṃṣṭi- ; parasmE-pada d/andaśāna- (confer, compare ś/ūka-) repeatedly biting : Causal of Intensive (ind.p. dandaśayitvā-) causing to be bitten by (instrumental case) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic tahyan.]) |
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| darśata | m. see viśv/a--. |
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| darva | m. equals vi-, a ladle (see pūrṇa-darv/a-) |
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| dāś | (the finite forms only in and once in See below) cl.1 P. d/āśti-, A1. te- (rarely cl.2.5. P. dāṣṭi-, ; dāśn/oti-, [the latter also = dās-]; perfect tense dad/āsa-, ; subjunctive d/adāśati-, śas-, śat-, ; parasmE-pada dadāśv/as-[ dative case ś/uṣe-, ], dāśiv/as-[only ] and dāśv/as-[see below]), to serve or honour a god (dative case or accusative) with (instrumental case), ; offer or present (accusative) to (dative case), grant, give, bestow, : Causal P. dāśayati-, offer, present [ confer, compare daśasya-,and Greek in -a-, -a-.] |
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| das | cl.1.4. (parasmE-pada d/asamāna-; imperfect tense plural adasyan-) to suffer want, become exhausted () ; equals upa-- kṣip- : Causal A1. (1. sg. saye-; subjunctive plural sayanta-) to exhaust, ; see apa--, upa--, anūpa--, pra--, vi-- ; saṃ-dadasv/as-, draviṇo-d/as- ; |
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| dāśva | mfn. (corrupted fr. dāśv/as-) liberal, munificent |
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| dāta | mfn. "given" See tv/ā-. |
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| dāvan | n. only dative case v/ane- (mostly as infinitive mood) in order to give or to receive |
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| deva | mf(ī-)n. (fr. 3. div-) heavenly, divine (also said of terrestrial things of high excellence) (superl. devatama dev/a-tama-m. ; devitamā devi-tamā- f., ) |
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| devabandhu | mfn. (v/a--) related to the gods |
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| devabhakta | (v/a--) mfn. distributed by the gods |
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| devagopā | mfn. (v/a-.) having the gods for guardians |
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| devahita | mfn. (v/a--) arranged or appointed or settled by the gods |
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| devahiti | (v/a--) f. divine ordinance or arrangement |
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| devahūti | f. (v/a--) invocation of the gods etc. (also tī- ) |
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| devajāmi | mfn. (v/a--) peculiar to the gods |
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| devajuṣṭa | (v/a--) mfn. agreeable to the gods |
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| devajūta | (v/a--) mfn. "god-sped", incited or inspired or procured by the gods |
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| devakāma | (v/a-k-) mfn. loving the gods, pious |
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| devakṛta | (v/a-k-) mfn. made or done by the gods |
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| devakṣatra | n. (v/a-k-) domain of the gods (-kṣetra-?) |
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| devapatnī | f. (v/a-.) having a god as husband, the wife of a god |
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| devaprasūta | (v/a--) mfn. god-produced (water) |
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| devapsaras | (v/a--) mfn. serving the gods as a feast or enjoyment |
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| devaśiṣṭa | (v/a--) mfn. taught or directed by the gods |
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| devaśravas | m. (v/a--) "having divine renown", Name of a bhārata- |
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| devasṛṣṭa | mfn. (v/a--) discharged or caused or created by a god |
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| devatā | See dev/atā-. |
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| devatāti | f. (v/a--) divine service |
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| devatta | (v/a--,for dev/a-datta-) mfn. god-given |
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| devavat | mfn. (v/a--) guarded or surrounded by gods (also v/ā-v-) |
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| devāvat | equals dev/a-v-. |
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| devavāta | mfn. (v/a--) agreeable to the gods |
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| devavīti | f. (v/a-v-) a feast or enjoyment for the gods |
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| devavyacas | (v/a--) mfn. affording space for the gods, receiving them |
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| devayukta | (v/a--) mfn. (horses) yoked by the gods, 67, 8. |
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| devī | f. (see dev/a-) a female deity, goddess etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' uṣas- ; sarasvatī-, ; sāvitrī-, the wife of brahmā- ; durgā-, the wife of śiva- etc.;the 4 goddesses of Buddhists are rocanī-, māmakī-, pāṇḍurā- and tārā- ) |
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| dhā | cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e- etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[ ]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-, plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta- ; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[ ], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare ] or dhattāt- ;2. plural dhatt/a-, , dhattana-, , d/adhāta-, ,or tana-, [ confer, compare ]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e- and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-, or dhats/e- dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate- ; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-, [ ]; Potential d/adhīta- dadhīt/a-, ; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-, or dadhiṣva-, ;2. plural dhaddhvam-[ ]or dadhidhvam- ,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām- ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te- ; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti- ; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta- (pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur- etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe- ;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-, ,or dhire-, ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur- etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana- ; 2. sg. dhāyīs- ; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare ];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu- ; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe- ;3. sg. ahita-, hita- ; subjunctive dh/ethe- , dhaithe-, ; imperative dhiṣv/ā-, ; P. adhat- ; dhat- ; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha- ; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata- ; Potential dhiṣīya- [ ]; dheṣīya- ; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā- etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum- etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai- ;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā- ; hitvā-[ ], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām- : Passive voice dhīy/ate- etc.[ ] , p. dhīy/amāna- ; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi- [ ]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[ ]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case) etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case ,with genitive case ];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal ) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove) ; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-) ; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case) etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share ) ; to appoint, establish, constitute ; to render (with double accusative) ; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ]) ; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo : Causal -dhāpayati- (See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- () , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case) (Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present ; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-, ) : with avady/am-, to bid defiance (confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate- [ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.] |
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| dhan | cl.3 P. dadh/anti-. () to cause to run or move quickly (parasmE-pada dadh/anat-, dadhanv/as-; Potential dadhanyur- ) ; to bear fruit : Causal dhanayati-, te-, to cause to move or run ; to move or run (see dhanv-and dh/aniṣṭha-). |
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| dhanv | cl.1 P. A1. dhanvati-, te- (imperative dhaniva-,metric. for dhanva- ; perfect tense dadhanv/e-, vir/e-, parasmE-pada dadhanv/as-; Aorist /aahanviṣur-) to run or flow ; cause to run or flow (confer, compare 2. dhan-; dhav-and 1. dhāv-.) |
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| dhārā | f. (see tri--, dvi--, śata--, sahasra--), flood, gush, jet, drop (of any liquid), shower, rain (also figuratively of arrows, flowers, etc.; v/asor dh-,"source of good", Name of a particular libation to agni- ;of a sacred bathing-place ;of agni-'s wife ) |
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| dhāv | cl.1 P. A1. dh/āvati-, te- (perfect tense dadhāva-, ve- grammar; Aorist adadhāvat- ; adhāvīt- ; preceding dhāvyāsam- grammar; future dhāviṣyati- , te-and dhāvitā- grammar; ind.p. dhāvitvā-and vya- ; dhautvA grammar) ; to run, flow, stream, move, glide, swim etc. ; to run after (with or scilicet paścāt-) etc. = seek for (accusative) ; run towards (-abhimukham-) run a race (ājim-) run as fast as possible (sarvaṃ javam-) ; run to and fro (itaś cetaś ca-) ; run away, flee ; to advance or rush against (accusative) ; (prati-) : Causal dhāv/ayati- (Aorist adīdhavat- grammar) to make run, impel ; to drive in a chariot, (with instrumental case of the vehicle and accusative of the way) ; to jump, dance (see 2. dhan-, dhanv-, dhav-;1. dhū-.) |
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| dhe | cl.1 P. () dh/ayati- etc. (perfect tense dadhau-,3. plural dh/ur- ; Aorist -adhāt- ; adhāsīt-or adadhat- ; preceding dheyāt-, ; future dhāsyati- , dhātā- grammar; dative case infinitive mood dh/ātave- ; ind.p. dhītv/ā-and -dh/īya- ; -dhāya- grammar) to suck, drink, suck or drink in, take to one's self, absorb, appropriate etc. etc.: Passive voice dhīyate- grammar : Causal dhāp/ayāte- (confer, compare Va1rtt. 1 ) to give suck, nourish ; ti- (confer, compare anu-- dhe-) ; Aorist adīdhapat- grammar : Desiderative dhitsati- : Intensive dedhīyate-, dādheti-, and dādhāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fe1-lare; Gothic dadd-jan; German ta1-an,ta1-jan.]) |
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| dhiti | f. See nem/a--, mitr/a--, van/a--, v/asu--. |
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| dhṛṣ | cl.5 P. dhṛṣṇ/oti- etc. ; cl.1 P. dh/arṣati- (parasmE-pada dhṛṣ/at-, ṣ/amāṇa- ; ṣāṇ/a-. ; perf. dadh/arṣa- etc.;3. plural dādhṛṣur- ; subjunctive dadharṣat-, ṣati-, ṣīt- ; dadhṛṣate-, ṣanta- ; parasmE-pada dadhṛṣv/as- ; Aorist adhṛṣas- , adhaṣiṣur- ; future dharṣiṣyati-, ṣitā- grammar; ind.p. -dhṛṣya- ; infinitive mood -dh/ṛṣas-, ṣi- ), to be bold or courageous or confident or proud ; to dare or venture (infinitive mood in tum- ) ; to dare to attack, treat with indignity (accusative) ; to surpass (?) : Causal dharṣayati- (; Aorist adīdhṛṣat-,or adadharṣat- grammar) to venture on attacking ; to offend, violate (a woman), overpower, overcome : Desiderative didharṣiṣati-: Intensive darīdhṛṣyate- or darīdharṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend dareS; Greek , ; literally dristu; Gothic ga-dars, Anglo-Saxon dors-te, Engl. durs-t.]) |
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| dhru | cl.6 P. dhruv/ati- () to go ; to be firm or fixed (also cl.1 P. dhravati- ; parasmE-pada dhruvat-,knowing ; perf. dudhrāva-,be killed ) |
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| dhruvakṣema | (v/a--) mfn. firmly fixed, immovable |
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| dhruvakṣiti | mfn. (v/a--) having a firm position or abode |
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| dhruvayoni | (v/a--) mfn. having a firm resting-place |
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| dhū | cl.5 P. A1. dhūn/oti-, nut/e- ; dhunoti-, nute- etc. ; cl.6 P. () dhuvati- (confer, compare ni--; Potential dhūvet- ) ; cl.9 P. A1. () Potential dhunīyāt- ; parasmE-pada A1. dhunāna- ; cl.1 P. () dhavati- ; cl.2 A1., 3. plural dhuvate- (dhunv/ate-?) ; parasmE-pada dhuvān/a- (perfect tense dudhāva- , dhuve- ; dudhuvīta-and dūdhot- : Aorist adhūṣṭa-,3. plural ṣata- ; adhoṣṭa-, adhaviṣṭa-; adhauṣīt-, adhāvīt- grammar; future dhaviṣyati-, te- etc.; dhoṣyati-, te-, dhotā-& dhavitā- grammar; ind.p. dhūtvā- , -dh/ūya- etc.; infinitive mood dhavitum- grammar) to shake, agitate, cause to tremble etc. ; to shake down from (exempli gratia, 'for example' fruits [ accusative ] from a tree [ accusative ]) ; (oftener A1.) to shake off, remove, liberate one's self from (accusative) etc. ; to fan, kindle (a fire) etc. ; to treat roughly, hurt, injure, destroy ; to strive against, resist : Passive voice dhūy/ate- etc. (parasmE-pada dhūyat- ): Causal dhāvayati- () and dhūnayati- (See dhūna-): Desiderative dudhūṣati-, te- grammar ; Intensive dodhavīti- (parasmE-pada dodhuvat d/avidhvat- ) ; dodhūyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna-and yat- ; so shake or move violently (trans. and intr.) ; to shake off or down ; to fan or kindle. [ confer, compare dhav-and dhāv-; Greek , .] |
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| dhvaj | (in kṛta-dhv/aj-), banner (fr. dhū-+ aj-?). |
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| dhvṛ | cl.1 P. dhv/arati- ( ; perf. dadhvāra- grammar; Aorist adhvārṣīt- ;3. plural A1. /adhūrṣata- ; preceding dhvṛṣīṣṭa- ; dhvariṣ- grammar; future dhvariṣyati-, dhvartā- ) to bend, cause to fall, hurt, injure : Causal dhvārayati- grammar : Intensive dādhvaryate- : Desiderative dudhvūrṣati- and didhuvariṣati- [ confer, compare dhūrv-; Gothic dvals; Anglo-Saxon dwellan; English dull,dolt; German toll.] |
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| dī | (dīdī-or dīdi-). cl.3 P. 3. plural dīdyati- (imperative dīdihi-and didīh/i- ; imperfect tense /adīdet- ; perfect tense dīdāya-or() dīdaya-; dīd/etha-, didiyus- ; subjunctive dīd/ayati-, yat- ; d/īdayat- ; dīdāyat- ; dīdayante- ; preceding dīdyāsam- ; parasmE-pada Pres. P. d/īdiat- A1. d/īdiāna-, parasmE-pada perfect tense dīv/as-) to shine, be bright ; to shine forth, excel, please, be admired ; bestow upon (locative case or dative case) by shining |
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| div | , dy/u- m. (Nominal verb dy/aus-; vocative case dyaus-[ ]; accusative dy/ām- d/ivam-; instrumental case div/ā-or d/īvā-[see below]; dative case dive-[ dyave- ]; ablative genitive case div/as-[rarely dy/os- exempli gratia, 'for example' ]; locative case div/i-, dy/avi-; dual number dyāvā- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order [ dy/avī-as vocative case only ]; plural Nominal verb dy/āvas-[ divas-only ]; accusative dy/ūn-[rare, d/ivas-, div/as- exempli gratia, 'for example' ]; instrumental case dy/ubhis-;native grammarians give as stems div-and dyo-;the latter is declined through all cases like go-,but really does not occur except in forms mentioned above and in dyo-salila- , while div-and dyu-regularly alternate before vowel and consonant) (rarely f.) in Vedic or Veda f. in later Skr. heaven, the sky (regarded in Vedic or Veda as rising in three tiers[ avama-, madhyama-, uttama-or tṛtīya- ] , and generally as the father(dy/auṣ- pit/ā-,while the earth is the mother[ see dyāvā-pṛthivī-],and uṣas- the daughter) , rarely as a goddess, daughter of prajā-pati- ) |
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| divā | ind. (for div/ā-,instr. of 3. d/iv-) gaRa svarādi-, by day (often opposed to n/aktam-) |
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| divakṣas | (v/a--) mfn. living in heaven, heavenly |
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| divaspṛthivyau | f. dual number heaven and earth (genitive case div/as-pṛthivy/os- ; see dyāvā-pṛthivyau-). |
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| divīśa | m. lord in lord in heaven plural Name of the āditya-s, vasu- and rudra- (For other compound See under div/as-, divā-,2. div/i-, divo-3. dy/u-.) |
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| drogha | in ghāya v/acase- for drogha-vacase-, using injurious or malicious words |
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| dṛś | (Pres. forms supplied by paś- q.v; perfect tense P. dad/arśa- etc. [2. sg. dadarśitha-and dadraṣṭha- ]; A1. dadṛś/e- [ d/adṛśe-,3 plural dṛśre- ; śrire- ]; parasmE-pada P. dadṛśv/as- ; sivas- ; darśivas- q.v; A1. d/adṛśāna- ; future P. -drakṣy/ati- etc.; A1. ṣyate-and future 2. draṣṭā- ; Aorist P. adarśam-, śas-, śat-,3 plural śur- ; 1 plural adarśma- ; adṛśma- ; subjunctive darśam-, śat-, śathas- ; A1.3 plural /adṛśran- ; śram- ; parasmE-pada dṛśān/a-or d/ṛśāna-[ confer, compare sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ] ; P. dṛśan-,3 plural /adṛśan- ; Potential dṛś/eyam- ; śema- ; P. adrākṣit-and adrāk- ; A1.3 plural /adṛkṣata-; subjunctive 2 sg. d/ṛkṣase- ; infinitive mood dṛś/e-and driś/aye- ; dr/aṣṭum- etc.; ind.p. dṛṣṭv/ā- etc.[ also dṛśya-], ṭvāya- ; -d/ṛśya- ; -darśam- ) to see, behold, look at, regard, consider etc. ; to see id est wait on, visit ; to see with the mind, learn, understand etc. ; to notice, care for, look into, try, examine ; to see by divine intuition, think or find out, compose, contrive (hymns, rites, etc.) : Passive voice dṛśy/ate- (Epic also ti-) Aorist ad/arśi- etc. to be seen, become visible, appear etc. ; to be shown or manifested, appear as (iva-), prove etc.: Causal P. A1. darśayati-, te- etc. ; Aorist adīdṛśat- ; adadarśat- , to cause to see or be seen, to show a thing (A1. especially of something belonging to one's self) or person (P.and A1.with or scilicet ātmānam-,also one's self) , to (accusative etc.; genitive case etc.; dative case etc.; instrumental case after A1.refl. ) ; to show = prove, demonstrate etc. ; to produce (money) id est pay ; (a witness) , : Desiderative A1. didṛkṣate- (Epic also ti-) to wish to see, long for (accusative) etc.: Desiderative of Causal didarśayiṣati-, to wish to show ; adidarśayiṣīt- : Intensive darīdṛśyate-, to be always visible ; darīdarṣṭi- or dard- [ confer, compare Greek , ; Gothic tarhjan.] |
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| dru | cl.1. P. (; Epic also A1.) dr/avati-, te- etc. (perfect tense dudrāva- ; drotha-, druma- ; druvur- etc.; Aorist adudruvat- ; drot- subjunctive dudr/avat- ; future droṣyati- ; infinitive mood -drotum- ; ind.p. druṭv/ā-and -drutya- ) to run, hasten, flee etc. ; to run up to (accusative), attack, assault ; to become fluid, dissolve, melt : Causal drāv/ayati- (Epic also te-; dravayate-See under drav/a-) to cause to run, make flow ; to make fluid, melt, ; to drive away, put to flight (Passive voice drāvyate-, ) : Desiderative dudrūṣati- grammar : Desiderative of Causal dudrāvayiṣati- or dud- : Intensive dodrūyate- or dodroti- grammar (dodrāva- ) . ([ confer, compare 2. drā-and dram-; Zend dru,drvant.]) |
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| duṣvapnya | (duṣv/apnya-) See duḥ-ṣv-. |
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| duvas | n. (fr. 3. dū-,a collateral form to dā-as gū-to gā-, pū-to pā-, sthū-to sthā-; see agregū-, -pū-, sthavira-) gift, oblation, worship, honour, reverence etc. ( duv/as-,prob. gift, liberality). |
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| dva | mfn. original stem of dvi- q.v (Nominal verb accusative dual number m. dv/a-,or dv/au- fn. dv/e-; instrumental case dative case ablative dv/ābhyām- genitive case locative case dv/ayos-) two etc. |
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| dvādaśākṣara | mf(ā-)n. (dv/ā--) containing 12 syllables |
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| dvādaśan | plural (Nominal verb accusative dv/ā-daśa-,instr dvā daś/abhis- dative case ablative ś/abhyas-,loc śāsu- genitive case ś/ānām-,according to in Class. also śabh/is-, śabhy/as-, śas/u-) twelve [ confer, compare Zend dva-das3an; Greek ; Latin duo-decim.] |
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| dvādaśaśata | n. (dv/ā-) 112 |
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| dvādaśavidha | mfn. (dv/ā-) 12fold |
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| dvāsaptati | f. (dv/ā--) 72 |
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| dvātriṃśadakṣara | mfn. (dv/ā-- ) consisting of 32 syllables |
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| dvātriṃśat | f. (dv/ā--) 32 |
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| dvāviṃśati | f. (dv/ā--) 22 etc. |
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| etad | ind. in this manner, thus, so, here, at this time, now (exempli gratia, 'for example' n/a v/ā u et/an mriyase-,thou dost not die in this manner or by that ) ; ([ confer, compare Zend ae7ta; Old Persian aita; Armenian aid; Osk.eiso.]) |
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| eva | ind. (in the saṃhitā- also ev/ā-) ( i- ;fr. pronominal base e- , probably connected with 2. /eva-), so, just so, exactly so (in the sense of the later evam-) |
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| evam | ind. (fr. pronominal base e- ;probably connected with 1. ev/a-), thus, in this way, in such a manner, such, (it is not found in the oldest hymns of the veda-, where its place is taken by 1. ev/a-,but occurs in later hymns ind. in the brāhmaṇa-s, especially in connection with vid-,"to know", and its derivatives[ exempli gratia, 'for example' ya evaṃ veda-,he who knows so; see evaṃ-v/id-, column 3];in classical Sanskrit evam-occurs very frequently, especially in connection with the roots vac-,"to speak", and śru-,"to hear", and refers to what precedes as well as to what follows[ exempli gratia, 'for example' evam uktvā-,having so said; evam evaitat-,this is so; evam astu-or evam bhavatu-,be it so, I assent; asty evam-,it is so; yady evam-,if this be so; kim evam-,how so? what is the meaning of it? what does this refer to? maivam-,not so! evam-- yathā-or yathā-- evam-,so - as]) etc. |
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| gadhya | mfn. see v/āja-gandhya-. |
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| gam | Ved. cl.1 P. g/amati- (; subjunctive gamam-, g/amat-[ gamātas-, gamātha- ], gamāma-, gaman- ; Potential gam/ema- ; infinitive mood g/amadhyai- ) : cl.2 P. g/anti- (; imperative 3. sg. gantu-,[2. sg. gadhi-See ā--,or gahi-See adhi--, abhy-ā--, ā--, upā--],2. plural g/antā-or gantana- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /agan-[ ] , 1. plural /aganma-[ ; confer, compare ] , 3. plural /agman- ; subjunctive [or Aorist subjunctive confer, compare ]1. plural ganma-,3. plural gm/an- ; Potential 2. sg. gamyās- ; preceding 3. sg. gamy/ās- ; pr. p. gm/at-, ) : cl.3 P. jaganti- (; Potential jagamyām-, yāt- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. ajagan-,2. plural ajaganta-or tana- ) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1. etc.) , with substitution of gacch- ([= ]) for gam-, g/acchati- (confer, compare ; subjunctive gācchāti- ;2. sg. gacchās-[ ] or gacchāsi-[ ];2. plural gacchāta- ;3. plural g/acchān- ; imperfect tense /agacchat-; Potential gacchet-; pr. p. g/acchat- etc.; Aorist agamat- ;for A1.with prepositions confer, compare future gamiṣyati- etc.; 1st future g/antā-[ ] etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā-[ ],3. sg. jagāma-,2. dual number jagmathur-,3. plural jagm/ur- etc.; parasmE-pada jaganv/as-[ etc.] or jagmivas- f. jagm/uṣī- etc.;Ved. infinitive mood g/antave-, g/antav/ai-;Class. infinitive mood gantum-:Ved. ind.p. gatvāya-, gatv/ī-;Class. ind.p. gatv/ā-[ etc.] , with prepositions -gamya-or -gatya- ) to go, move, go away, set out, come etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with accusative or locative case or dative case [ ; confer, compare ] or prati-[ ]) etc. ; to go or pass (as time exempli gratia, 'for example' kāle gacchati-,time going on, in the course of time) ; to fall to the share of (accusative) etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack ; to decease, die ; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (accusative) etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (exempli gratia, 'for example' mitratāṃ gacchati-,"he goes to friendship" id est he becomes friendly) etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṃ-gam-,"to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down ; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-gam-,"to go to the earth with the head", make a bow ; m/anasā-gam-, to go with the mind, observe, perceive ; (without m/anasā-) to observe, understand, guess ; (especially Passive voice gamyate-,"to be understood or meant") and ; doṣeṇa- or doṣato-gam-, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (accusative) : Causal gamayati- (; imperative 2. sg. Ved. gamayā-or gāmaya-[ ] , 3. sg. gamayatāt- ; perf. gamay/āṃ cakāra- etc.) to cause to go ( ) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dative case ), bring to a place (accusative [ ] or locative case) etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become etc. ; to impart, grant ; to send away ; "to let go", not care about ; to excel ; to spend time etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain ; to convey an idea or meaning, denote ; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (accusative) to go by means of jigamiśati- another : Desiderative j/igamiṣati- ( jigāṃsate- ; imperfect tense ajigāṃsat- ) to wish to go, be going ; to strive to obtain ; to wish to bring (to light, prak/āśam-) : Intensive j/aṅganti- (), jaṅgamīti- or jaṅgamyate- ( ), to visit (parasmE-pada g/anigmat-) (imperfect tense aganīgan-) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic qvam; English come; Latin venioforgvemio.]) |
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| gandharvagṛhīta | (rv/a--) mfn. possessed by a gandharva- |
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| gandharvapatnī | (rv/a--) f. the wife of a gandharva-, an apsaras- |
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| gandhya | See v/āja-g-. |
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| gava | mf(ī-)n. in compound before a word beginning with a vowel ([ ]) and in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ([ ; f(ī-). see guru-gav/ī-, brahma-gavī-, brāhmaṇa--, bhilla--, strī--]) for g/o-, a cow, cattle (see ṣaḍ-gav/a-, dvādaśa-gav/a-etc.) |
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| gavāśva | n. sg. (see go-aśv/a-and go-'śv/a-) cattle and horses |
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| gāyatra | mf(ī-)n. the gāyatrī- (id est ; t/at savit/ur v/areṇyam bh/argo dev/asya dhīmahi dh/iyo y/o naḥ pracod/ayāt- etc.;this is a very sacred verse repeated by every Brahman at his morning and evening devotions;from being addressed to savitṛ- or the Sun as generator, it is also called sāvitrī-; see ;the gāyatrī- verse is personified as a goddess, the wife of brahmā- and mother of the four veda-s ;it is often mentioned in connection with the amṛta-, both together constituting as it were the essence and type of sacred hymns in general ;the gāyatrī- personified is also considered as the mother of the first three classes in their capacity of twice-born ; see ;some other verse [perhaps ] is denoted by gāyatrī- ;with tāntrika-s a number of mystical verses are called gāyatrī-s, and each deity has one in particular) |
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| ghas | not used in proper (cl.1. ghasati- ), but supplies certain tenses (especially Aorist and Desiderative ) of ad- (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /aghas- ; aghās-(?) ;3. sg. aghat-, aghasat-[? ], ajīghasat-[ ];3. plural /akṣan- ; aghasan- [ ];2. dual number /aghastām-;2. plural aghasta-; subjunctive 2. sg. gh/asas-,3. sg. sat- ;3. plural kṣan-, ; imperative 3. dual number gh/astām-; perfect tense jagh/āsa- etc.;3. plural jakṣur- ; Potential jakṣīy/āt- ; parasmE-pada jakṣiv/as- ; f. kṣ/uṣī- ) , to consume or devour, eat: Desiderative j/ighatsati- (see ), to wish to consume or devour, wish to eat (see jakṣ-.) |
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| girvah | mfn. (Nominal verb plural -v/āhas-) bearing one who is fond of hymns (gir-vāhas- ) . |
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| gopā | f. (/ās-) a female guardian (see gop/a- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order, /a--, dev/a--, vāy/u--, saha--, s/oma--, su-gop/ā-) |
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| gopī | f. Abrus precatorius (see ahi--, indra--, kula--, tridaśa--, v/āta--, surendra--.) |
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| goṣṭhaśva | m. (fr. śv/an-) "a dog in a cow-pen which barks at every one", one who stays at home and slanders his neighbours, malicious or censorious person |
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| grah | ([ in a few passages only etc.]) or grabh- ([ ;rarely ]) cl.9 P. gṛbhṇāti- gṛhṇ/āti- (also A1. gṛhṇīte-,irreg. gṛhṇate- ;3. plural gṛbhṇate- ; imperative 2. sg. gṛhāṇ/a-,[ ṇ/ā-, saṃhitā-pāṭha-, parasmE-pada Passive voice Nominal verb plural n. ] etc.; gṛbhṇān/a-& gṛhṇ-[Ved.]; gṛhṇa- ; -gṛhṇāhi-, -gṛbhṇīhi-See prati-grabh-; A1. gṛbhṇīṣva-[ ] or gṛhṇ-;3. sg. P. gṛhṇītāt-;Ved. imperative gṛbhāy/a-etc.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ya- confer, compare gṛhaya-; perf. jagrāha- etc.;1. sg. gr/abhā- ; gṛbhm/a- ; A1. gṛhe-, ;3. plural gṛbhr/e-& gṛbhrir/e- ; P. Potential gṛbhyāt-, ; parasmE-pada gṛbhv/as-, ; future 2nd grahīṣyati-, te- etc.[ confer, compare ];sometimes wrongly spelt gṛh- ; grahiṣy- ; Conditional agrahaiṣyat- ; future 1st grahītā- ; Aorist agrabham- ; bhīt- etc.; hīt-[ ] etc.; -/ajagrabhīt-etc.See saṃ-grah-; subjunctive 2. plural grabhīṣṭa- ; A1. agrahīṣṭa- ; aghṛkṣata- [not in ];Ved. 3. plural agṛbhran-[ ] and agṛbhīṣata-; ind.p. gṛbhītv/ā- ; gṛhītv/ā-, ; grahāya- ; infinitive mood grahītum-[ etc.; confer, compare ;wrongly spelt gṛh- ]; Passive voice gṛhyate-[ future 1st grahītā-or grāhitā- future 2nd grahīṣyate-or grāhiṣy- Aorist agrāhi-,3. dual number agrahīṣātām-or agrāhiṣ- ];Ved. subjunctive 3. plural gṛhyāntai- on ;Ved. Passive voice 3. sg. gṛhate-[ ]or gṛhe-[ ] or gṛhaye-[ ; confer, compare gṛhaya-]; subjunctive 1. plural gṛhāmahi- ; Potential gṛhīta- ) to seize, take (by the hand, pāṇau-or kare-,exceptionally pāṇim-(double accusative) ; confer, compare ), grasp, lay hold of (exempli gratia, 'for example' pakṣaṃ-,to take a side, adopt a party ; pāṇim-,"to take by the hand in the marriage ceremony", marry etc.) etc. ; to arrest, stop ; to catch, take captive, take prisoner, capture, imprison etc. ; to take possession of, gain over, captivate ; to seize, overpower (especially said of diseases and demons and the punishments of varuṇa-) etc. ; to eclipse ; to abstract, take away (by robbery) ; to lay the hand on, claim ; to gain, win, obtain, receive, accept (from ablative,rarely genitive case), keep etc. (with double accusative ) ; to acquire by purchase (with instrumental case of the price) etc. ; to choose ; to choose any one (accusative) as a wife ; to take up (a fluid with any small vessel), draw water ; to pluck, pick, gather ; to collect a store of anything ; to use, put on (clothes) i etc. ; to assume (a shape) ; to place upon (instrumental case or locative case) ; to include ; to take on one's self, undertake, undergo, begin etc. ; to receive hospitably (a guest), take back (a divorced wife) ; "to take into the mouth", mention, name etc. ; to perceive (with the organs of sense or with m/anas-), observe, recognise etc. ; (in astronomy) to observe ; to receive into the mind, apprehend, understand, learn ; (in astronomy) to calculate ; to accept, admit, approve ; to obey, follow ; to take for, consider as etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant by (instrumental case) and Scholiast or Commentator : Causal grāhayati-, to cause to take or seize or lay hold of ; to cause to take (by the hand[ pāṇim-]in the marriage ceremony) ; to cause to marry, give away a girl (accusative) in marriage to any one (accusative) ; to cause any one to be captured ; to cause any one to be seized or overpowered (as by varuṇa-'s punishments or death etc.) ; to cause to be taken away ; to make any one take, deliver anything (accusative) over to any one (accusative; exempli gratia, 'for example' āsanam-with accusative"to cause to take a seat, bid any one to sit down") ; to make any one choose (Aorist ajigrahat-) ; to make any one learn, make acquainted or familiar with (accusative) etc.: Desiderative jighṛkṣati- (confer, compare ), also te-, to be about to seize or take ; to be about to eclipse ; to be about to take away ; to desire to perceive (with the organs of sense), strive to apprehend or recognise : Intensive jarīgṛhyate- ; ([ confer, compare Zend gerep,geurv; Gothic greipa; German greife; Lithuanian gre1bju; Slavonic or Slavonian grablju1; Hibernian or Irish grabaim,"I devour, stop."]) |
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| graiva | mfn. (fr. grīv/ā- ) representing the neck |
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| gṛhītavasatīvarīka | mfn. one who has taken up the waters called vasatī-v/arī- |
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| guggulu | n. (equals g/ulg-) bdellium or the exudation of Amyris Agallochum (a fragrant gum resin, used as a perfume and medicament) (called saindhav/a-or samudr/iya-,"obtained near rivers or the sea", ) |
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| gūrta | mfn. () approved, welcome, agreeable, (= Latin) gratus- (confer, compare abh/i--, r/ādho--, viśv/a--, sv/a--; ari--and purugūrt/a-.) |
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| gva | in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' See atithi-gv/a-, /eta--, d/aśa--, n/ava--. |
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| hā | cl.3 P. () j/ahāti- (rarely cl.1. jahati-3. dual number jahltaḥ- imperative jah/ihi-[or jahāhi- ]; jahītāt- ; Potential jahyāt- etc.; perfect tense jahau-, jah/uḥ- etc.; jahe- ; Aorist ahāt- etc.; ahāsīt- grammar;3. sg. ahās- ; /ahāsi- ; hāsiṣṭa- ,; future hātā- grammar; hāsyati-, te- etc., jahiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood hātum- ; ind.p. hitv/ā-.[ q.v ] etc.; hitv/ī- tv/āya- ; -hītvā- grammar; -h/āya- , h/īyam- ), to leave, abandon, desert, quit, forsake, relinquish (with śarīram-, deham-, prāṇān-, asūn-, jīvitam-etc. - "to die") etc., etc. ; to discharge, emit ; to put away, take off, remove, lay aside, give up, renounce, resign, avoid, shun, abstain or refrain from etc. ; to disregard, neglect ; to lose, be deprived of. ; to get rid of. escape from etc. ; to cause to emit (with śardham-,"to cause to break wind") : Passive voice hīy/ate- or h/īyate- (Epic also hīyati-; Aorist ahāyi-), to be left or abandoned or deserted etc. ; to be left behind, fall short of (ablative) etc. ; to be excluded from or bereft of (ablative or instrumental case;with prāṇaiḥ-,"to die") etc. ; to be overtaken by (instrumental case) ; to be deficient or wanting, suffer loss or injury, fail (also in a lawsuit), decrease, wane, decline, come to an end etc. ; to weigh less (at the ordeal of the balance) ; to be given up or avoided (varia lectio) ; to be subtracted ; to become detached from (with ablative or instrumental case), fall out (as hair) : Causal hāpayati- (mc. also te- Aorist ajīhapat-; -jīhipaḥ- ), to cause to leave or abandon etc. ; to omit, neglect etc. ; to fall short of. be wanting in (accusative) ; to give up (asūn-,"life") ; to lose (kālam-,"time") ; to abandon (pratijñām-,"a thesis") : Desiderative jihāsati-, to wish to leave or abandon ; to wish to reject or disdain ; to wish to escape : Intensive jehīyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti- grammar |
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| han | cl.2 P. () hanti- (3. dual number hat/aḥ-,3. plural ghnanti-;rarely A1. hate-,3. plural ghnate-;and cl.1. hanati-, Vedic or Veda also jighnate-, ti-; Potential hanyāt- also h/anīta-, ghnīta-; imperative jah/i- handh/i-; imperfect tense /ahan-, Vedic or Veda and Epic also ahanat-, ahanan-, aghnanta-; parasmE-pada jaghnat-, ghnamāna- ; perfect tense jagh/āna-, jaghn/uḥ- Epic also jaghne-, nire- subjunctive jagh/anat- ; parasmE-pada jaghniv/as-, Vedic or Veda also jaghanvas-; Aorist ahānīt- [ confer, compare vadh-]; future hantā- ; haṃsyati- ; haniṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood h/antum-,Ved. also h/antave-, tav/ai-, toḥ-; ind.p. hatv/ā-,Ved. also tv/ī-, tvāya-, -hatya-; -hanya- ; -gh/ātam- etc.) , to strike, beat (also a drum) , pound, hammer (accusative), strike etc. upon (locative case) etc. ; to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy ; to put to death, cause to be executed ; to strike off ; to ward off, avert ; to hurt, wound (the heart) ; to hurl (a dart) upon (genitive case) ; (in astronomy) to touch, come into contact ; to obstruct, hinder ; to repress, give up, abandon (anger, sorrow etc.) ; (?) to go, move : Passive voice hany/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avadhi-or aghāni-), to be struck or killed etc. etc.: Causal ghātayati-, te- (properly a Nom.fr. ghāta- q.v; Aorist ajīghatat-or ajīghanat-), to cause to be slain or killed, kill, slay, put to death, punish etc. ; to notify a person's death (kaṃsaṃ ghātayati- equals kaṃsa-vadham ācaṣṭe-) Va1rtt. 6 ; to mar, destroy (varia lectio): Desiderative j/ighāṃsati-, te- (Potential jighāṃsīyat- ; imperfect tense ajighāṃsīḥ- ), to wish to kill or destroy etc. etc.: Intensive j/aṅghanti- (; parasmE-pada jaṅghanat-, j/aṅghnat-or gh/anighnat-), jaṅghanyate- (with pass. sense ), jeghnīyate- () , to strike = tread upon (locative case or accusative) ; to slay, kill ; to dispel (darkness) , destroy (evil, harm) ; to hurt, injure, wound [ confer, compare Greek , ; , ; Latin de-fendere,of-fendere; Lit.genu,gi4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian gu8nati.] |
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| havyavah | m. (Nominal verb v/āṭ-) bearing the oblation (to the gods) |
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| havyavāha | mfn. (or -v/āha-) equals -vah- (also applied to the aśvattha- tree of whose wood the araṇi- is made) |
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| hi | (see hay-) cl.5 P. () hin/oti- (Vedic or Veda also hinut/e-, h/invati-and hinv/ati-, te-; parasmE-pada hinvān/a-[with act. and pass. sense] ; h/ayat- : sg. hiṣe- ; perfect tense jighāya-, jighyuḥ- etc.; jighye-[with pass. sense] ; Aorist /ahema- /ahema-, ahyan-, heta- parasmE-pada hiyān/a-[with pass. sense] ; ahyam-[?], /ahait- ; ahaiṣīt- ; aheṣata- ; future hetā- grammar; heṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood -hy/e- ), to send forth, set in motion, impel, urge on, hasten on (A1.also intrans.) ; to stimulate or incite to (dative case) ; to assist or help to (dative case) ; to discharge, hurl, cast, shoot ; to convey, bring, procure ; to forsake, abandon, get rid of ; (hinvati-) to gladden, delight : Passive voice hīyate- (Aorist ahāyi-) grammar : Causal hāyuyati- (Aorist ajīhayat-) : Desiderative of Causal jihāpayiṣati- : Desiderative jighīṣati- : Intensive jeghīyate-, jeghayīti-, jegheti- |
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| hiṃs | (originally Desiderative of han-) cl.1.7. P. () hiṃsati-, hin/asti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. hiṃsate-, h/iṃste-;2. sg. hiṃsi-for hinassi- ; perfect tense jihiṃsa-, sim/a-, jīhiṃsīh- ; Aorist ahiṃsīt-, hiṃsīt- etc.; future hiṃsita- grammar; hiṃsiṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood hiṃsitum-[Ved. also h/iesitoḥ-] ; ind.p. hiṃsitv/ā- ; -hiṃsya- ), to injure, harm, wound, kill, destroy etc. etc.: Passive voice hiṃsyate- (Aorist ahiṃsi-), to be injured or killed (in /a-hiṃsyamāna-) etc.: Causal or cl.10 P. () hiṃsayati- (Aorist ajihiṃsat-), to injure, harm, kill, slay : Desiderative j/ihiṃsiṣati-, to wish to injure etc. : Intens, jehiṃsyate-, jehiṃsti- grammar |
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| hinv | hinv/a-, hinvān/a- See 1. hi-. |
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| hiraṇya | n. a gold piece or coin (generally with suv/arṇa-as opp. to base metal) |
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| hiti | f. sending, errand, direction (See asm/e--and dev/a-h-). |
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| hotravah | (or -v/āh-) mfn. bearing the sacrifice |
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| hval | (see hvṛ-) cl.1 P. () hv/alati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense jahvāla- Aorist ahvālīt-etc., grammar; infinitive mood hv/alitos- ; ind.p. -hv/ālam- etc.) , to go crookedly or astray or wrong or deviously, stumble, fall, fail : Causal hvalayati-, or hvālayati- (the former when prepositions are prefixed; Aorist ajihvalat-), to cause to tremble, shake |
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| hve | cl.1 P. A1. () hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve- ; hvāmahe- ; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi- ; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense] ; hvayāna- ; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ- etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e- ; juhuve-, huhurire- ; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre- ; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta- ] etc. etc.; ahvi- ; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata- ; ahvāsīt-[?] ; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te- ; hvāsyate- ; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight") etc. ; to emulate, vie with : Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc. : Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case) : Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna- ) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .] |
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| hvṛ | or hvṝ- (see hval-, dhvṛ-) cl.1 P. () hv/arati- (in also hv/arate-; and according to to also hvṛṇāti-; perfect tense jahvāra-, vartha-, varuḥ- grammar; Aorist ahvārṣīt-, hvārṣīt-, hvār-, hvāriṣuḥ- ; preceding hvaryāt- grammar; future hvartā-, hvariṣyati- ; infinitive mood hvartum- ), to deviate or diverge from the right line, be crooked or curved, bend, go crookedly or wrongly or deviously, stumble, fall, down etc. (See above) : Causal hvārayati- (Aorist jihvaraḥ-, ratam-; juhuraḥ-, juhūrthāḥ-, juhurāṇ/a-), to cause to go crookedly, lead wrong or astray ; (A1.) to go wrong or astray : Desiderative juhvūrṣati- grammar : Intensive jāhvaryate-, jāhvarti- |
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| id | ind. indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, exempli gratia, 'for example' y/athā v/aśanti dev/ās t/ah/ed asat-,as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be ; d/ipsanta /id rip/avo n/āha debhuḥ-,the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt ). id- is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (exempli gratia, 'for example' viśva it-,every one indeed; śaśvad it-,constantly indeed; eka it-,one only) . At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (exempli gratia, 'for example' tvam it-,thou indeed; yadi it-,if indeed, etc.) id- occurs often in the ṛg-- veda- and atharva-- veda-, seldom in the brāhmaṇa-s, and its place is taken in classical Sanskrit by eva- and other particles. |
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| iṣvarga | (for iṣu-- v/arga-), m. an averter of arrows, . |
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| jāgṛ | cl.2. garti- (confer, compare ; cl.1. garati- sg. irregular gṛmi-, ;3. plural j/āgrati- etc.[ ]; imperative gṛh/i-, gṛtāt-, gṛtam-, gṛt/a-; subjunctive garat-; Potential gṛyāt-,or griy- ; imperfect tense /ajāgar-[ ] ; parasmE-pada j/āgrat-; rarely A1. jāgramāṇa- ; perfect tense Vedic or Veda jāg/āra-[ ] , 1. sg. g/ara-[ ], parasmE-pada gṛv/as-[see sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]; perfect tense class.[ ] jajāgāra-or jāgaraṃ-cakāra-; future 2nd jāgriṣy/ati- etc.[A1. ]; future 1st ritā- Va1rtt. 1 ; Aorist ajāgarīt-, ; Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally ajagāri-, ; preceding jāgaryāt-, ) to be awake or watchful etc. ; to awake ; to watch over, be attentive to or intent on, care for, provide, superintend (with locative case or locative case with /adhi-) etc. (with accusative ) ; (said of fire) to go on burning ; to be evident ; to look on : Causal (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /ajīgar- imperative jigṛt/am-, t/a-) to awaken ; jāgarayati-, (; Aorist Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally añāgari-or gāri- ) idem or 'n. saffron ' ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin vi1gilo.]) |
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| jaihva | mfn. lying on or relating to the tongue (jihv/ā-) |
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| jaivātṛka | mfn. (see jīv/ātu-) long-lived, one for whom long life is desired (vocative case) |
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| jakṣ | ( ghas- reduplicated), cl.2. kṣiti- (see ;3. plural kṣati-, ; imperative 2. sg. jagdhi- ; imperfect tense (or Aorist; see ) ajakṣit-and kskat- see ;3. plural kṣur- ; perfect tense 3. plural jajakṣur- ; ind.p. jagdhv/ā- dhv/āya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order; infinitive mood gdhum-) to wish to eat ; to eat, consume (once A1. ) ; see pra--. |
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| jāmi | mfn. related like brother and sister, (f. with[ ] or without sv/asṛ-) a sister, (rarely m.) a brother ("sisters" , = fingers;"7 sisters"= 7 acts of devotion in soma- worship ; see sapt/a--) |
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| javita | vin-, vina-, etc. See jav/a-. |
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| jenya | mfn. genuine, true (wealth, v/asu-), |
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| ji | cl.1. j/ayati-, te- (imperfect tense /ajayat-; Aorist ajaiṣīt-,Ved. /ajais-,1. plural /ajaiṣma-, j/eṣma-,2. sg. jes-and A1. j/eṣi- subjunctive j/eṣat-, ṣas-, ṣāma- ; Aorist A1. ajeṣṭa-; future 1st. j/etā- etc.; future jeṣy/ati-, ; perfect tense jig/āya-[ ], jigetha-, jigyur-; parasmE-pada jigīv/as-[ giv/as- ; accusative plural gy/uṣas-] etc.; infinitive mood jiṣ/e-, ; j/etave- ; Classical jetum-: Passive voice jīyate-, ajīyata-[ ], ajāyi-, jāyiṣyate-;for j/īyate-and cl.9. jin/āti-See jyā-) to win or acquire (by conquest or in gambling), conquer (in battle), vanquish (in a game or lawsuit), defeat, excel, surpass etc. (with p/unar-,"to reconquer" ) ; to conquer (the passions), overcome or remove (any desire or difficulties or diseases) etc. ; to expel from (ablative) ; to win anything (accusative) from (accusative), vanquish anyone (accusative) in a game (accusative) ; to be victorious, gain the upper hand ; often proper in the sense of an imperative "long live!""glory to" etc.: Causal jāpayati- () to cause to win ; (Aorist 2. pl, /ajījipata-and /ajījap-) ; to conquer (Aorist ajījayat-): Passive voice jāpyate-, to be made to conquer : Desiderative j/igīṣati-, te- (; parasmE-pada ṣat-, ṣamāṇa-) to wish to win or obtain or conquer or excel etc. ; (A1.) to seek for prey : Intensive jejīyate- |
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| jihva | m. agni-jihv/a- etc.; ([ confer, compare Latin lingua; Gothic tuggo1.]) |
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| jihvā | f. See hv/a-. |
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| jihvāvat | (hv/ā-) m. "having a (greedy) tongue", Name of a man |
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| jihvikā | f. diminutive fr. hv/ā- See adho--, ali--, prati--; upa-j/ihv-. |
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| jinv | cl.1 P. j/invati- (rarely A1. and [1. sg. nv/e-] ; imperative nvatāt- ; parasmE-pada nvat-; perfect tense 3. dual number jijinv/athur-) to move one's self, be active or lively () ; to urge on, cause to move quickly, impel, incite ; to refresh, animate ; to promote, help, favour ; to help any one (accusative) to anything (dative case) ; to receive favourably (prayers or acts of devotion) : Causal (jinvayati-) varia lectio for juñc- q.v ; see ā--, pra--, and upa-pra--. |
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| jinva | mfn. See dhiyaṃ-jinv/a-, viśva--. |
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| jīv | cl.1. j/īvati- (Epic also A1.; subjunctive vāti- ; vāt- ; parasmE-pada j/īvat-; Aorist ajivīt-; jīvīt- ; perfect tense jijīva-; future jīviṣy/ati-; preceding vy/āsam-, vyāsma- ; infinitive mood j/īvitum-, etc.;Ved. vāse- ; j/īvitavaī-. ) to live, be or remain alive etc. ; to revive ; (with punar-) ; to live by (instrumental case;exceptionally locative case, ) etc.: Causal jīv/ayati- (Epic also A1.; Aorist aījijvat-or ajijīv- ) to make alive, restore to life, vivify etc. ; to support life, keep alive etc. ; to nourish, bring up, ; to shout" jīva- " (id est long live!) ; jīvāpayati- (confer, compare pita-) to restore to life : Desiderative jijīviṣati- (A1. ) to wish to live etc. ; to seek a livelihood, wish to live by (instrumental case) ; j/ujyūṣati- idem or 'm. equals jīna- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. jyā-.' ; confer, compare jijyūṣita-; ([ confer, compare Latin vivo; Lithuanian gIve1nu.]) |
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| jīva | n. see ati--, upa-- and saṃ-jīv/a- |
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| jīvabarhis | (v/a-.) mfn. having a fresh bed of sacrificial grass |
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| jīvadānu | (v/a--) mfn. for jīr/a-d- |
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| jīvadhanya | (v/a--) mf(ā-)n. rich in vital powers |
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| jīvapītasarga | (v/a--) mfn. whose rays are drunk by living beings |
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| jīvaputra | mf(ā-or ī-)n. mf(ā- ; ī- )n. (v/a--) one whose sons or children are living etc. |
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| jīvataṇḍula | mfn. (v/a--) germinant rice |
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| jñu | in compound and in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' (See abhi--and asita-jñ/u-, ūrdhv/a--, pra--, mit/a--, saṃ--) for j/ānu-. |
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| juhū | f. (equals jihv/ā-, huc-) a tongue (especially of agni-; 7 are named ), flame |
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| jur | (jṝ-) cl.4.6. P. jūryati- ( jūr- A1. te- ; parasmE-pada j/ūryat-and jur/at-; perfect tense parasmE-pada jujurv/as-) to become old or decrepit, decay, perish ; to cause to grow old or perish, ; see a-jury/a-. |
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| juṣ | cl.6 A1. ṣ/ate- (also P. [ ṣ/at-, /ajuṣat-] etc.; subjunctive ṣāte-; Potential ṣ/eta-;3. plural ṣerata- ; imperative ṣ/atām-; imperfect tense ajuṣata-, ;1. sg. /ajuṣe- ; parasmE-pada ṣ/amāṇa-) cl.3. P. irregular j/ujoṣati- (subjunctive and parasmE-pada j/ujoṣat-; confer, compare Va1rtt. 2; imperative 2. plural juṣṭana- ) , rarely cl.1 P. joṣati- (subjunctive j/oṣat-;- Aorist parasmE-pada juṣāṇ/a-;3. plural ajuṣran-, ;2. sg. j/oṣi-, ;3. sg. j/oṣiṣat-, [ confer, compare on ]; perfect tense juj/oṣa-, juṣ/e-; parasmE-pada juṣv/as-,generally ṣāṇ/a-; ind.p. juṣṭv/ī- ) to be pleased or satisfied or favourable etc. ; to like, be fond of delight in (accusative or genitive case), enjoy (with tanvām-or v/as-,"to be delighted", ) etc. ; to have pleasure in granting anything (accusative) to (locative case) ; to have pleasure in (dative case), resolve to (Ved. infinitive mood), ; to give pleasure to (locative case) ; to choose for (dative case) ; to devote one's self to (accusative), practise, undergo, suffer ; to delight in visiting, frequent, visit, inhabit, enter (a carriage etc.) ; to afflict : Causal A1. (subjunctive 2. sg. joṣ/ayāse-) to like, love, behave kindly towards (accusative), cherish ; to delight in, approve of(accusative), choose ; (P. confer, compare ) ; ([ confer, compare ; Zend zaoSa; Hibernian or Irish gus; Gothic kiusu; Latin gus-tus.]) |
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| jūta | mfn. see /adri-- /indra--, d/asyu--, dev/a--, br/ahma--, v/āta--, v/ipra--. |
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| jval | cl.1 P. jv/alati- (Epic also A1.; parasmE-pada lat-; Aorist ajvālīt- ;3. plural ajvaliṣur- ) to burn brightly, blaze, glow, shine etc. ; to burn (as a wound) : Causal jvalayati- or jvāl-, to set on fire, light, kindle, make radiant, illuminate (A1.) etc.: Intensive jājvalati- () or lyate- ( ; parasmE-pada lyamāna-) to flame violently, shine strongly, be brilliant |
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| jvalana | m. fire (jv/al-or[ ] l/ana-) etc. |
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| jyotayamāmaka | m. night-fire (?) (gandharv/a- ) . |
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| jyotiṣkṛ | (ind.p. jy/otiṣ-kṛtv/ā-) to illumine |
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| kaulakāvatī | Nominal verb dual number m. (fr. k/ūla-and āv/at-?), Name of two ṛṣi-s |
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| kavaṣ | mfn. (according to mahīdhara- fr.3. ku-) "emitting sound","creaking"(said of the leaves of a door), open, yawning (faulty ?) = (Instead of kav/aṣas-the (see kav/i-)and the have kav/ayas-.) |
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| kāvaṣa | n. (fr. kav/aṣ-), Name of a sāman-. |
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| kavi | m. (figuratively) Name of the gates of the sacrificial enclosure (see kav/aṣ-) |
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| kavyavāḍa | mfn. equals v/āhana- below. |
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| kavyavah | Nominal verb vāṭ- mfn. equals -v/āhana- below. |
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| keśavat | mfn. (k/eśa--) (equals keśav/a- ) having long hair |
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| kiṃtva | mfn. (fr. k/im tv/am-."what thou?") questioning impudently (as a drunken man) |
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| kṛ | Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- () ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also ), /akran- (Aorist,according to ); A1. /akri- (), /akṛthās- (), /akṛta- (); akrātām- (), /akrata- ( ) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also ), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- () , 3. plural kr/anta- () : Potential kriyāma- (); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to ) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- () (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā- ), kṛṇavase- (also varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- () or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- () : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi- ); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after ]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- () : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also ), kuruta- or kurutana- (); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- ( ), vāma- or vāmas- (), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (; he- ), karavaithe-, vaite- ( , ), vāmahai-(he- ) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam- ); A1. cakrāṇa- () : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (), acakrat- (), /acakriran- (); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (); Class. akārṣīt- ( ;once akāraṣīt- ); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- ( ) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([ ]) and kṛtv/āya- ([ ]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command) ; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case) etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case) etc. ; to compose, describe ; to cultivate (confer, compare ) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry ; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love ; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider ; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog ' ;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-] ; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of ) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[ etc.] or buddhim-[ ] or matim-[ ]or bhāvam-[ ], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going ; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd ; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him ) ; to think of (accusative) ; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal ) etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case) etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case) ; to make liable to (dative case) ; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden) ; to appoint, institute ; to give an order, commission ; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-) ; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city) ; to proceed, act, put in practice etc. ; to worship, sacrifice ; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-) ( ), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula () ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram- ; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw ) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-) The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty ; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([ ]) or salilaṃ- ([ ]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons ; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute ; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc. ; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate ; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- () , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see ;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti- ; imperfect tense akar- and ;3. plural akran- and ; preceding kriyāt- (See );according to , also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see ] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made ; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade ; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee ) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house ) . Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word ; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly ; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does ) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs- ) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship : Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See ), to do repeatedly ; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([ ]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator ]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .]) |
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| kṝ | (or varia lectio kṛ-) cl.5.9.P.A1. kṛṇoti-, ṇute-, ṇāti-, ṇīte-, to hurt, injure, kill ; kṛṇv/ati- |
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| krī | cl.9 P. A1. krīṇ/āti-, krīṇīte- (future parasmE-pada kreṣyat- ; ind.p. krīv/ā- ), to buy, purchase (with instrumental case of the price, and ablative or genitive case of the person from whom anything is bought exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a im/am indraṃ daś/abhir dhen/ubhir m/ama krīṇāti-,who will buy this indra- of me for ten cows? ; yam mātā-pitror antikāt-[or sakāśāt-] krīṇīyāt-whom he may buy from his father and mother ; krīṇīṣva tad daśabhiḥ suvarṇaih-,buy that for ten suvarṇa-s): Causal P. krāpayati- ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish creanaim,"I buy, purchase" ; Greek Lithuanian prekis,perku(?); Latin pretium; English hire.]) |
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| kṛv | = 1. kṛ- : kṛṇv/ati- See 2. kṝ-. |
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| kṣiti | f. an abode, dwelling, habitation, house (see also uru--and su-kṣit/i-, dhruv/a-.) |
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| kṣiti | f. estates (see uru--and su-kṣit/i-, dhāray/at--, dhruv/a--, bhava--, raṇa--, samara--.) |
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| ku | a pronominal base appearing in k/utas-, k/utra-, kuv/id-, k/uha-, kv/a-, and as a prefix implying deterioration, depreciation, deficiency, want, littleness, hindrance, reproach, contempt, guilt |
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| kū | ind. (equals kv/a-) where? |
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| kuvaya | m. (equals kv/ayi-) a kind of bird |
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| kva | ind. y/atra kv/a-ca- idem or 'ind. yatra kvāpi-, wherever, in whatsoever place ' |
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| kvācitka | See kv/a-. |
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| kvāpi | See kv/a-. |
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| labh | (confer, compare rabh-) cl.1 A1. () labhate- (Epic also ti-and lambhate-; perfect tense lebh/e-, Epic also lalābha-; Aorist alabdha-, alapsata- ; preceding lapsīya- ; future labdhā- grammar; lapsyate-, ti- etc.; labhiṣyati- ; infinitive mood labdhum- ; ind.p. labdhv/ā- etc.; -labhya-, -lambham- etc.; lābham- ), to take, seize, catch ; catch sight of, meet with, find etc. etc. (with antaram-,to find an opportunity, make an impression, be effective;with avakāśam-,to find scope, be appropriate;with kālam-,to find the right time or moment) ; to gain possession of, obtain, receive, conceive, get, receive ("from" ablative;"as" accusative), recover (with garbham-,"to conceive an embryo","become pregnant";with padam-,to obtain a footing) ; to gain the power of (doing anything), succeed in, be permitted or allowed to (infinitive mood or dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' labhate draṣṭum-,or darśanāya-,"he is able or allowed to see") etc. ; to possess, have ; to perceive, know, understand, learn, find out : Passive voice labhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist alābhi-or alambhi-,with preposition only alambhi-; confer, compare ), to be taken or caught or met with or found or got or obtained etc. ; to be allowed or permitted (infinitive mood sometimes with pass. sense exempli gratia, 'for example' nādharmo labhyate kartum-,"injustice ought not to be done", confer, compare above) ; to follow, result ; to be comprehended by (ablative) : Causal lambhayati-, te- (Aorist alalambhat-), to cause to take or receive or obtain, give, bestow (generally with two accusative;rarely with accusative and instrumental case = to present with;in with two accusative and instrumental case; confer, compare ) etc. ; to get, procure (confer, compare lambhita-) ; to find out, discover ; to cause to suffer ; Desiderative l/ipsate- (mc. also ti- līpsate-), to wish to seize or take or catch or obtain or receive (with accusative or genitive case;"from" ablative) : Intensive lālabhyate-, lālambhīti- or lālabdhi- grammar ([ Greek , ; Latin labor; Lithuanian la4bas, l/obis-.]) |
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| lāndra | gaRa yāv/adi-. |
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| mā | cl.2 P. () māti- ; cl.3 A1. () m/imīte- ; cl.4. A1. () māyate- (Ved. and Epic also mimāti- Potential mimīyāt- imperative, mimīhi-; Potential mimet- ; perfect tense mam/au-, mame-, mamir/e- ; Aorist /aināsi- subjunctive masātai- ; amāsīt- grammar; preceding māsīṣṭa-, meyāt- ; future mātā-; māsyati-, māsyate- ; infinitive mood m/e- -m/ai- ; mātum- ; ind.p. mitv/ā-, -m/āya- etc.) , to measure, mete out, mark off etc. ; to measure across = traverse ; to measure (by any standard) , compare with (instrumental case) ; (māti-) to correspond in measure (either with genitive case,"to be large or long enough for";or with locative case,"to find room or be contained in" ;or with na-and instrumental case,"to be beside one's self with" ) ; to measure out, apportion, grant ; to help any one (accusative) to anything (dative case) ; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make ; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta-,"he displayed or developed himself", ) ; (in philosophy) to infer, conclude ; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi-) : Passive voice mīy/ate- (Aorist amāyi-) ; to be measured etc. Causal , māpayati-, te- (Aorist amīmapat- Va1rtt. 2 ), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect etc.: Desiderative mitsati-, te- (confer, compare nir-mā-): Intensive memīyate- [ confer, compare Zend ma1; Greek , ; Latin me1tior,mensus,mensura; Slavonic or Slavonian me8ra; Lithuanian me3ra4.] |
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| mahāvyāhṛti | f. the great vyāhṛti- (q.v), Name of the mystical formula bh/ūr bh/uvaḥ sv/aḥ- |
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| man | cl.8.4. A1. () manut/e-, m/anyate- (Epic also ti-;3. plural manvat/e- ; perfect tense mene- etc.; mamn/āthe-, n/āts- ; Aorist /amata-, /amanmahi- subjunctive manāmahe-, mananta-, parasmE-pada manān/a- q.v ; maṃsi-, amaṃsta- subjunctive maṃsate- preceding maṃsīṣṭa-,1. Persian mc. masīya- ; māṃsta- , stādm- ; mandhvam- ; amaniṣṭa- grammar; future maṃsyate- , ti- ; manta-, manitā- grammar; maniṣyate- ; infinitive mood mantum- etc., m/antave-, tavai- , m/antos- ; ind.p. matv/ā- etc.; manitvā- grammar; -matya- etc.; -manya- etc.) , to think, believe, imagine, suppose, conjecture etc. (manye-,I think, methinks, is in later language often inserted in a sentence without affecting the construction; confer, compare gaRa cādi-and ) ; to regard or consider any one or anything (accusative) as (accusative with or without iva-,or adverb,often in -vat-;in later language also dative case,to express contempt[ confer, compare ], exempli gratia, 'for example' gaRa rājyaṃ tṛṇaya- manye-,"I value empire at a straw" id est I make light of it equals laghu- man-,and opp. to bahu-,or sādhu- man-,to think much or well of, praise, approve) ; to think one's self or be thought to be, appear as, pass for (Nominal verb;also with iva-) ; to be of opinion, think fit or right etc. ; to agree or be of the same opinion with (accusative) ; to set the heart or mind on, honour, esteem (with nau-,disdain) , hope or wish for (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to think of (in prayer etc., either"to remember, meditate on", or"mention, declare", or"excogitate, invent") ; to perceive, observe, learn, know, understand, comprehend (accusative,Ved. also genitive case). etc. ; to offer, present : Causal () mānayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist amīmanat-; Passive voice mānyate-), to honour, esteem, value highly (also with uru-, bahu-and sādhu-) etc. ; (A1.) stambhe- ; garvake- : Desiderative () mīmāṃsate- (rarely ti-; amīmāṃsiṣṭhās- ; mīmāṃsy/ate- ; mimaṃsate-, mimaniṣate- grammar), to reflect upon, consider, examine, investigate etc. ; to call in question, doubt ("with regard to" locative case) : Desiderative of Desiderative mimāmiṣate- grammar : Intensive manmanyate-, manmanti- [ confer, compare Zend man; Greek ,, Latin meminisse,monere; Slavonic or Slavonian and Lithuanian mine4ti; Gothic ga-munan; Germ,meinen; English mean.] |
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| māṇḍavī | f. of a daughter of kuśa-dhvaja- and wife of bharata- (see v/ātsī.māṇḍavī-p/utra-). |
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| mānthāla | m. (prob.) the flying fox (see manthāvala-, mātālav/a-, māndhāla-,and next) . |
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| manus | m. man or manu- (the father of men) (see m/anur-hita-, manuṣ-v/at-,and m/ānuṣa-). |
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| manuṣyat | ind. equals next (printed ṣv/at-; see ). |
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| mātālava | m. (prob.) the flying fox ( mānthālav/a-; see mānthāl/a-, māndhāla-, manthāvala-) |
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| math | or manth- (q.v) cl.1.9. P. () māthati-, m/anthati-, mathn/āti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. m/athate-, m/anthate-and mathnīte-; imperative mathnadhvam- ; perfect tense mamātha- ;3. plural mamathuḥ- ; methuḥ-, methire- ; mamantha-, nthuḥ- ; Aorist mathīt- ; amanthiṣṭām- ; amathiṣata- ; future mathiṣyati-, te- manthiṣyati- etc.; mathitā- ; infinitive mood mathitum- etc.; tos- ; m/anthitav/ai- ; ind.p. mathitv/ā-, -m/athya- etc.; manthitvā-, ; -manthya-and -mātham- etc.) . to stir or whirl round etc. ; (with agnim-), to produce fire by rapidly whirling round or rotating a dry stick (araṇi-) in another dry stick prepared to receive it ; (with araṇim-), to rotate the stick for producing fire ; (with ūrum-, hastam-etc.) , to use friction upon any part of the body with the object of producing offspring from it ; to churn (milk into butter) , produce by churning etc. (also with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' sudhāṃ- kṣīra-nidhim mathnāti-,"he churns nectar out of the ocean of milk" on ) ; to mix, mingle ; to stir up, shake, agitate, trouble disturb, afflict, distress, hurt, destroy etc. etc.: Passive voice mathy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to be stirred up or churned etc. etc. etc.: Causal manthayati- (), māthayati- (), to cause to be stirred up or churned etc.: Desiderative mimathiṣati-, mimanthiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmathyate-, māmantti- etc. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin mentha,menta; Lit.mentu4re; German minza,Minze; Anglo-Saxon minte; English mint.] |
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| mathu | m. a proper N. (equals madhu-; see māthav/a-). |
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| mātī | f. in v/ān mātī- (māty/ā- ; see Va1rtt. 1 ) |
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| mīḍha | mīḍhu-, mīḍh/uṣ-, mīḍhv/as- etc. See column 2. |
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| mīḍhuṣ | in compound for mīḍhv/as-. |
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| mikṣ | or mimikṣ- (prob. Desiderative from a lost miś-,contained in miśra-and miśla-;but referred by others to mih- q.v;only proper m/imikṣati- perfect tense mimikṣ/atuḥ-, ṣ/e-, ṣire-,and imperative mimikṣv/a-; see sam-mikṣ-), to mix (A. intrans.), mingle with (instrumental case), prepare (an oblation of soma- etc.) : Causal merkṣayati-, to stir up, mix, mingle |
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| miḷhuṣ | in compound for mīḍhv/as-. |
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| mṛ | cl.6 A1. () mriy/ate- (Epic and mc. also P. ti-; cl.1 P. A1. marati-, m/arate- ; imperative mara-, ; perfect tense mam/āra-, mamruḥ- etc.; parasmE-pada mamṛv/as- ; A1. mamrire- ; Aorist amṛta- subjunctive mṛthāh- ; Potential murīya-. ; mriṣīṣṭa- ; future martā- grammar; mariṣyati- etc.; te- ; infinitive mood martum- etc.; martave- ; ind.p. mṛtv/ā- ; -māram- ), to die, decease etc. etc.: Passive voice mriyate- (confer, compare above;sometimes used impers, with instrumental case; perfect tense mamre-; Aorist amāri-) : Causal mār/ayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist, amīmarat-): Passive voice māryate-, to cause to die, kill, slay etc. etc.: Desiderative of Causal See mimārayiṣu-: Desiderative mumūrṣati- () , to wish or be about to die, face death : Intensive memrīyate-, marmarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend mar,mareta; Greek for ; Latin mors,morioretc.; Slavonic or Slavonian mre8ti; Lithuanian mi4rti; Gothic maurthr; German Mord,morden; English murder.]) |
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| muc | cl.6 P. A1. () muñc/ati-, te- ( also, muc/anti-, mucasva-; parasmE-pada muñcāna- ; perfect tense, mum/oca-, mumuc/e-, Vedic or Veda , also, mum/ocat-, m/umocati-, mumucas-, mumoktu-, amumuktam-; Aorist /amok- ; imperative mogdh/i- ; amauk- ; /amucat- ; amukṣi-, mukṣata- ; preceding mucīṣṭa- ; mukṣīya- ; future, moktā-, ; mokṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood moktum- etc.; ind.p. muktv/ā- , -m/ucya- , m/okam-, ), to loose, let loose, free, let go, slacken, release, liberate ("from", ablative or -tas-; A1.and Passive voice with ablative or instrumental case,rarely with genitive case"to free one's self, get rid of, escape from") etc., etc. (with kaṇṭham-,to relax the throat id est raise a cry;with raśmīn-,to slacken the reins;with prāṇān-,to deprive of life, kill) ; to spare, let live ; to set free, allow to depart, dismiss, despatch ("to" , loc. or dative case) etc. ; to relinquish, abandon, leave, quit, give up, set aside, depose (with kalevaram-, deham-, prāṇān-or jīvitam-,to quit the body or give up the ghost id est to die) ; to yield, grant, bestow ; to send forth, shed, emit, utter, discharge, throw, cast, hurl, shoot at ("or upon" locative case dative case,or accusative with or without prati-;with ablative and ātmānam-,to throw one's self down from) etc. ; (A1.) to put on (Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice mucy/ate- (or m/ucyate-, Epic also ti-and future mokṣyati-; Aorist /amoci-), to be loosed, to be set free or released etc. ; to deliver one's self from, to get rid of, escape (especially from sin or the bonds of existence) etc. ; to abstain from (ablative) ; to be deprived or destitute of (instrumental case) : Causal mocayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist amūmucat-), to cause to loose or let go or give up or discharge or shed (with two accusative) ; to unloose, unyoke, unharness (horses) ; to set free, liberate, absolve from (ablative) etc. ; to redeem (a pledge) ; to open (a road) ; to give away, spend, bestow ; to gladden, delight, yield enjoyment : Desiderative of Causal mumocayiṣati-, to wish to deliver (from the bondage of existence) (confer, compare, mumocayiṣu-): Desiderative mumukṣati-, te-, (P.) to wish or be about to set free ; to be about to give up or relinquish (life) ; to wish or intend to cast or hurl ; (A1.) to wish to free one's self ; to desire final liberation or beatitude (confer, compare mokṣ-): Intensive momucyate- or monokti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mungo,mucus.]) |
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| nabhāka | m. Name of the author of (-v/at-, nabhāka-'s hymn ; nabhākavat -v/at-ind.like nabhāka- ) |
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| nāka | m. ( nam-[?];according to and fr. 2. n/a-+ 2 -/aka-,"where there is no pain"[?]; see mfn.) vault of heaven (with or scilicet div/as-), firmament, sky (generally conceived as threefold see tri-diva-, tri-nāka-,and ;in there is a fivefold scale, viz. pṛthivī-, antari-kṣa-, div-, divo-nāka-,and svar-jyotis-) etc. |
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| nākasad | f. Name of a kind of iṣṭakā- ( nākasattva sat-tv/a- n. ) |
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| navan | plural (Nominal verb accusative r/ava-; instrumental case nav/abhis- ablative dative case bhyas- locative case su-;Class, also navabh/is-, bhy/as-, s/u-; genitive case navān/ām- ) nine [ confer, compare Zend navan; Greek for fr fa Latin,no7vem; Gothic and Old HGerm.niun,OSax. and Anglo-Saxon nigun,NHGerm.neun, English nine.] |
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| navya | mfn. to be praised, laudable (nav/a- ) . |
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| nidhū | P. -dhūnoti- (-dhuv/ati- ; Potential -dhūvet- ), to throw down, deliver over ; to shake to and fro, agitate |
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| niḥsvṛ | P. -sv/arati-, to sing or chant away id est expel by singing or chanting |
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| nij | cl.2 A1. niṅkte- ; cl.3 P.A1. nenekti-, nenikte- (Intensive ?; confer, compare below) (from the present tense stem only 2 plural imperative ninikta- , parasmE-pada nijān/a- , nije- equals ninije- ; perfect tense nineja-, ninije- grammar; future, nekṣyati-, nektā- ; Aorist anijam-, jan- ; anaikṣīt-, nikṣi- ; ind.p. niktv/ā- ; -nijya- ; dative case infinitive mood -nije-. ), to wash, cleanse, purify (A1.one's self) etc. ; to nourish : Passive voice nijyate-, to be washed etc. : Causal nejayati- ; Aorist anīnijat- grammar : Desiderative ninikṣati- grammar : Intensive n/enekti-, nenikt/e- (confer, compare above; Potential neniyāt- ; nenijīsti-, nenijyate- grammar), to wash (one's self). [ confer, compare Greek for; Anglo-Saxon nicor; German Nix,Nixe.] |
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| nirava | mfn. unprotected (only genitive case -av/asya-,perhaps one who calls, fr. ru-?or ind.p. fr. so-?). |
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| nirbādha | m. a knob, prominence (as that which keeps off or defends ?) (dha-kṛ-,[prob.] to set aside, remove ; nirbādhatva dhatv/a- n. ) |
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| nivat | f. depth, any deep place or valley (opp. to ud-v/at- q.v) |
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| niyu | P. A1. -yauti-, or -yuv/ati-, te-, (1. sg. A1. -yuve-; imperative 2. dual number P. -yuyotam-; ind.p. -yūya-), to bind on, fasten ; to bring near, procure, bestow ; Intensive 3. sg. -yoyuve- |
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| nṛvatsakhi | mfn. (nṛv/at--) (a sacrifice) having many associates who take part in it |
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| nu | or nū- cl.2.6. P. () nauti-, nuvati-, (present tense also n/avate-, ti- etc.; parasmE-pada P. nuv/at-, n/avat- A1. n/avamāna- ; perfect tense nunāva- ; Aorist /anūnot-, /anūṣi-, ṣata-, anaviṣṭa- ; anauṣit-, anāvit-, anuvīt- grammar; future naviṣyati-, nuv-; navitā-, nuv- ; ind.p. -nutya-, -nāvam- ; infinitive mood lavitum- varia lectio nuv- ), to sound, shout, exult ; praise, commend etc. etc.: Passive voice nūyate- etc.: Causal nāvayati- Aorist anūnavat- grammar : Desiderative nunūṣati- ; Desiderative of Causal nunāvayiṣati- : Intensive n/onavīti-, nonumas- (imperfect tense anonavur- subjunctive n/avīnot-; perfect tense n/onāva-, nonuvur- ; nonūyate-, nonoti- grammar), to sound loudly, roar, thunder |
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| pā | cl.1 P. () p/ibati- (Ved. and Epic also A1. te-; rarely pipati-, te- ) cl.2. pāti-, pāth/as-, pānti- ; parasmE-pada A1. papān/a- , p/ipāna- (perfect tense P. pap/au-,2. sg. papātha- ; papitha- ; papīyāt- ; p. papiv/as- ; A1. pape-, papire- ; p. papān/a- ; Aorist or imperfect tense apāt- [ confer, compare ] ; 3. plural apuḥ-[?] ; -pāsta- ; preceding 3. sg. peyās- ; future pāsyati-, te- etc.; pātā- grammar; ind.p. pītv/ā- etc., tvī- ; -pāya- etc.; -pīya- ; pāyam- ; infinitive mood p/ibadhyai- ; pātum- etc.; p/ātave- ; p/ātava/ī- ), to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow (with accusative,rarely genitive case) etc. ; (met.) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears etc.) etc. ; to drink up, exhaust, absorb ; to drink intoxicating liquors : Passive voice pīy/ate- etc. etc.: Causal pāyayati-, te- (perfect tense pāyayām āsā- ; Aorist apīpyat- ; ind.p. pāyayitvā- ; infinitive mood p/āyayitav/ai- ), to cause to drink, give to drink, water (horses or cattle) etc. etc.: Desiderative pipāsati- ( also pipīṣati-), to wish to drink, thirst : Desiderative of Causal pipāyayiṣati-, to wish or intend to give to drink : Intensive pepīyate- (parasmE-pada yamāna-also with pass meaning) , to drink greedily or repeatedly [ confer, compare Greek; AEolic = ; Latin pa1-tus,po1tum,biboforpi-bo; Slavonic or Slavonian pi-ja,pi-ti] |
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| pac | cl.1 P. A1. () p/acati-, te- (cl.4. A1. p/acyate- confer, compare below; parasmE-pada pacāna- [ confer, compare kim-pacāna-]; perfect tense papāca-[2. sg. papaktha-or pecitha- ], pecur-; pece-, pecire-[ /apeciran-, ; peciran- on ]; Aorist p/akṣat- ; apākṣīt-, apakta- grammar; preceding pacyāt- ; future pakṣyati-, te-or paktā- ; ind.p. paktv/ā- ; infinitive mood p/aktave- ; paktum-, ), to cook, bake, roast, boil (A1.also "for one's self") etc. ; (with double accusative) to cook anything out of (exempli gratia, 'for example' tandulān odanam pacati-,"he cooks porridge out of rice-grains") ; to bake or burn (bricks) ; to digest ; to ripen, mature, bring to perfection or completion etc. ; (with double accusative) to develop or change into (exempli gratia, 'for example' puṇyāpuṇyaṃ sukhāsukham-,"merit and demerit into weal or woe") ; (intrans.) to become ripe or mature : Passive voice pacy/ate- (ti- ; Aorist apāci- grammar), to be cooked or burnt or melted or digested or ripened or developed etc. ; to be tormented ; also intrans. equals p/acyate- (confer, compare above) , to become ripe or mature, to develop or ripen (with accusative of the fruit that is borne or ripens ; confer, compare Va1rtt. 14 ; lok/aḥ p/acyamānaḥ-,"the developing world") : Causal pācayati-, te- (Aorist apīpacat- grammar; Passive voice pācyate-, parasmE-pada cyamāna- ) ; to cause to cook or be cooked (A1."for one's self") , to have cooked or to cook etc. (confer, compare ) ; to cause to ripen ; to bring to completion or to an end, cure, heal : Desiderative pipakṣati- grammar : Intensive pāpacīti- grammar ; pāpacyate-, to be much cooked, to cook very much or burn excessively, to be much afflicted : Desiderative of Intensive pāpacishati-, te- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin coquo; Slavonic or Slavonian peka,pes8ti.]) |
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| paraspa | n. () equals -tv/a- n. () protection. |
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| pariṣkṛ | (ṣ-for s-inserted, or perhaps original in a skṛ-=1. kṛ- see upa-skṛ-and saṃ-s-kṛ-) P. -kṛṇoti- (3. plural -kṛṇv/anti- ; parasmE-pada -kṛṇv/at- ; imperfect tense pary-aṣkarot-,or -askarot- ), to adorn, fit out, prepare, make ready or perfect (see pari-kṛ-and ), |
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| pariṣvaj | ( svaj-, svañj-) A1. -ṣvajate-, rarely P. ti- (imperfect tense pary-aṣvajata-,or -asvajata- ; pr.p. -ṣvajāna- ; perfect tense -ṣasvaj/e- ; -ṣasvajire- ; -ṣasvajaḥ- ; ind.p. -ṣvajya- ; infinitive mood -ṣvaktum- ; infinitive mood -ṣv/aje- ), to embrace, clasp, occupy etc. etc.: Desiderative -ṣiṣvaṅkṣate- |
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| parivas | (only pr. p. A1. -v/asāna-), to put on, assume ; to surround, attend |
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| parivṛ | P. A1. -varati-, te-, (perfect tense -vavrur-, parasmE-pada -vavṛv/as-; ind.p. -vṛtya-), to cover, surround, conceal, keep back, hem in etc. etc.: Causal -vārayati-, te- ( Va1rtt. 16 ; ind.p. -vārya-), to cover, surround, encompass, embrace (bāhubhyām-) |
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| parivṛt | A1. -vartate- (Epic also ti-; ind.p. -vṛtya-,or parī-vartam-), to turn round, revolve, move in a circle or to and fro, roll or wheel or wander about, circumambulate (accusative) etc. ; (with hṛdi-or hṛdaye-) to run in a person's mind ; to return, go or come back to (accusative) ; to be reborn in (locative case) ; (also with anyathā-) to change, turn out different ; to abide, stay, remain etc. ; to act, proceed, behave : Causal -vartayati-, to cause to turn or move round or back or to and fro etc. ; (A1.) to roll or bring near (subjunctive -vartayāte-) ; to overthrow, upset (a carriage) ; to invert, put in a reverse order (read -vartya-for -vṛtya-) ; to change, barter, exchange etc. ; to renew (an agreement) ; to understand or explain wrongly (words etc.) ; to turn topsy-turvy id est search thoroughly ; to destroy, annihilate ; to straiten, contract ; (A1.) to cause one's self to be turned round (in having one's head shaved all round) (see -vartana-): Intensive -v/avartti-, to turn (intrans.) continually |
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| parṇa | m. Butea Frondosa (a large-leaved sacred tree whose wood is used for making sacred vessels, later generally called palāśa-) ( parṇatva -tv/a- n. ) |
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| paryāvṛt | A1. -v/artate- (Epic also ti- Potential -vartet- ; perfect tense -vavarta-, -vavṛte- ; Aorist pary-/ā-vart- ; ind.p. pari-vṛtya- ), to turn round (intrans.;trans. only ind.p.), turn away from (ablative), return to (dative case) etc. ; to be changed into (instrumental case) ; to get possessed of (accusative) : Causal -vartayati-, to turn or roll round (trans.) ; to change or barter against (imperative 2. sg. tāt-) : Desiderative -v/ivṛtsati-, to wish to roll round |
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| paṣṭhavah | m. (fr. paṣṭha- equals pṛṣṭha-[?] + vah-; Nominal verb v/āṭ-[ ]or v/āt-[TS]) a bull four years old |
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| paśu | m. (instrumental case paś/unā-or śva-; dative case p/aśve-or paś/ave-; genitive case paśv/as-or śos-; dual number paśv/ā-; accusative plural paśv/as-or ś/ūn-) cattle, kine (originally "any tethered animal";singly or collect. "a herd"), a domestic or sacrificial animal (as opp. to mṛga-,"wild animal"; 5 kinds are enumerated,"men, kine, horses, goats and sheep"[ ] , to which are sometimes added mules arid asses[ vi, 155 etc.] or camels and dogs[ commentator or commentary ]) etc. |
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| paśu | m. (instrumental case paś/unā-or śva-; dative case p/aśve-or paś/ave-; genitive case paśv/as-or śos-; dual number paśv/ā-; accusative plural paśv/as-or ś/ūn-) cattle, kine (originally "any tethered animal";singly or collect. "a herd"), a domestic or sacrificial animal (as opp. to mṛga-,"wild animal"; 5 kinds are enumerated,"men, kine, horses, goats and sheep"[ ] , to which are sometimes added mules arid asses[ vi, 155 etc.] or camels and dogs[ commentator or commentary ]) etc. |
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| pat | cl.1 P. () p/atati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense papāta-, paptim/a-, pet/atur-, papt/ur-; paptiv/as- ; papatyāt- ; Aorist apaptat- ; Passive voice apāti- ; future patiṣ-y/ati- ; te-, patitā- ; Conditional apatiṣyat- ; infinitive mood patitum- etc.; ind.p. patitv/ā- ; -p/atya-or -p/ātam- ), to fly, soar, rush on etc. ; to fall down or off, alight, descend (with accusative or locative case), fall or sink (with or without adhas-or narake-,"to go down to hell";with caraṇau-or ṇayoḥ-,"to fall at a person's feet") etc. ; to fall (in a moral sense), lose caste or rank or position etc. ; to light or fall upon, fall to a person's share (locative case) etc. ; to fall or get into or among (locative case) ; to occur, come to pass, happen : Causal pat/ayati-, to fly or move rapidly along ; to speed (trans.; confer, compare patay/at-) ; te-, to drive away or throw down (?) ; pāt/ayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpatat- ; Passive voice pātyate- etc.) , to let fly or cause to fall, to fling, hurl, throw etc. ; to lay low, bring down (literally and figuratively), overthrow, ruin, destroy etc. to throw upon or in, lay on (locative case) ; (with or scilicet ātmānam-) to throw one's self ; to cut off (a head) ; to knock out (teeth) ; to pour out or shed (water, tears) ; to kindle (fire) ; to cast (dice) ; to turn, direct, fix (eyes) ; to impose or inflict (punishment) ; to set in motion, set on foot ; to seduce to, betray into (locative case) ; (with dvedhā-) to divide in two ; to subtract ; (A1.) to rush on, hasten : Desiderative pipatiṣati- ( ) and pitsati- () , to be about to fly or fall: Intensive panīpatyate- or pātīti- [ confer, compare Zend pat; Greek , ; Latin peto.] |
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| pathyā | f. a path, way, road (with rev/atī-,"the auspicious path", personified as a deity of happiness and welfare) |
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| pinv | cl.1 P. () p/invati- (parasmE-pada p/invat- ; pinv/at- ; perfect tense pipinva- ; A1.3. plural pinvir/e-; parasmE-pada pinvān/a- ; Aorist apinvīt- grammar; future pinviṣyati-, vitā- ), to cause to swell, distend ; to cause to overflow or abound ; A1. p/invate-, to swell, be distended, abound, overflow (also A1. P.and in P.for A1.) : Causal pinv/ayati- = P. pinvati- |
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| piṣ | cl.7 P. () pinaṣṭi- (rarely A1.; subjunctive 2. 3. sg. piṇak- ; imperative piṃṣ/a- ; piṃṣe-; apiṃṣat-; piṣeyam- ; perfect tense pip/eṣa-, pipiṣe- ; Aorist apikṣan- ; future pekṣyati- ; peṣṭā- grammar; ind.p. piṣṭv/ā-, -p/eṣam- ; piṣya- ; infinitive mood pesṭum-, p/eṣṭav/ai- ), to crush, bruise, grind, pound, hurt, injure, destroy (figuratively also with genitive case ) etc. ; Causal peṣayati- (Aorist apīpiṣat- grammar), to crush, bruise, grind etc. (grammar also "to give; to be strong; to dwell"). [Cf Zend piS; Greek [?] ; Latin pinsere,pIsere.] |
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| poṣas | See viśv/āyu-poṣas-. |
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| pṝ | cl.9 P. () pṛṇ/āti- ; cl.6 P. ( pṛṇ-, ) priṇ/ati- ; cl.3 P. () p/iparti- (also A1.; imperative pipīpṛhi- ; perfect tense papāra-,3. plural paparuḥ-,or papruḥ- ; pupūre-, rire- ; -pupūryās- ; papṛv/as-[?] ; Aorist apārīt- grammar, pūriṣṭhās- ; imperative pūrdh/i- ; preceding priyāsam- , pūryāt- grammar; future parīṣyati-, parītā- grammar; ind.p. pūrtvā- grammar, -pūrya- ; -pūram-[in compound with its object; confer, compare udara-p-, goṣpada-p-, carma-p-.and ]; infinitive mood pṛṇ/adhyai- ; -puras- ; pūritum- ), to fill (A1."one's self") ; to fill with air, blow into (accusative) ; to sate, cherish, nourish, bring up ; to refresh (as the pitṛ-s) (Aorist apārīt- varia lectio atārpsīt-) ; to grant abundantly, bestow on (dative case), present with (instrumental case) (often parasmE-pada pṛṇ/at-= bounteous, liberal, ungrudging) ; to fulfil, satisfy (as a wish) : Passive voice pūry/ate- (Epic also ti-,and A1. p/ūryate-, parasmE-pada p/ūyamāṇa-), to be filled with, become full of (instrumental case), be sated etc. ; to become complete (as a number) : Causal pārayati-, to fill ; to fulfil (only Aorist pīparat-) ; pūr/ayati- (), te- (Passive voice pūryate-[ confer, compare above]; Aorist apūri-, apūriṣṭa-), to fill, fill up with (instrumental case) etc. ; to fill (with a noise, said also of the noise itself) ; to fill with wind, blow (a conch) ; to draw (a bow or an arrow to the ear) ; to make full, complete, supplement (a sentence) ; to cover completely, overspread, bestrew, surround etc. ; to load or enrich or present with (instrumental case) ; to fulfil (a wish or hope) etc. ; to spend completely (a period of time) : Desiderative piparīṣati-, pupūrṣati- grammar : Intensive pāparti-, popūrti-, popūryate- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin plere,plenus; Lit.pi4lti,pi4lnas; Slavonic or Slavonian plu8nu8; Gothic fulls; German voll; English full.] |
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| prā | cl.2 P. () prāti- (perfect tense P. papr/au-or paprā-,2. sg. paprātha-, parasmE-pada papriv/as- f. pr/uṣī- ; A1. papre-,2. sg. priṣe- ; papre-as Passive voice,Bhatt aor 3. sg. aprāt-or aprās- ; subjunctive pr/ās-or pr/āsi- ; Aorist Passive voice aprāyi- ), to fill [ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin ple1-nus.] |
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| prādhvansana | m. patronymic fr. pra-dhv/aṃsana-, |
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| pramī | mfn. in v/āta-p- q.v |
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| pratihve | A1. -huv/ate-, to call |
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| pravac | P. -vakti- (infinitive mood -v/āce- ), to proclaim, announce, praise, commend, mention, teach, impart, explain (with accusative of thing and dative case or genitive case of person) etc. ; to tell of betray ; to give, deliver (with accusative and dative case) ; to speak, say, tell (with accusative,rarely dative case of person, and accusative of thing) etc. ; to declare to be, call (2 accusative) : Causal -vācayati-, to cause to announce : Desiderative -vivakṣati- (wrong reading -vivakṣataḥ-for -vivikṣataḥ-). |
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| pravadyāman | (v/ad--) mfn. having a downward path, rapid in its course (as a chariot) |
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| pravatvat | mfn. (v/at-v-) abounding in heights, hilly |
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| pravṛñjana | n. equals v/arjana- |
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| pṛṣṭha | n. the upper side, surface, top, height (with div/aḥ-,or n/ākasya-,the surface of the sky, vault of heaven; see ghṛta-p-) |
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| psaras | n. a feast, enjoyment, delight (see dev/a-psaras-). |
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| psnya | See viśv/a-psnya-. |
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| pū | cl.9 P. A1. () pun/āti-, punīt/e- (3. plural A1. pun/ate- , punat/e- ;2. sg. imperative P. punīhi- etc., punāh/i- ) ; cl.1. A1. () p/avate- (of P.only imperative -pava- ,and parasmE-pada genitive case plural pavatām- ; parasmE-pada A1. punān/a-below, p/avamāna-See;1. sg. A1. punīṣe- ; perfect tense pupuvuh-. ve- ; apupot- ; Aorist apāviṣuḥ- subjunctive apaviṣṭa- ; future paviṣyati-, pavitā- grammar; ind.p. pūtv/ā- ; pūtv/ī- ; pavitvā- grammar; -p/ūya-and -pāvam- etc.; infinitive mood pavitum- ), to make clean or clear or pure or bright, cleanse, purify, purge, clarify, illustrate, illume (with s/aktum-,"to cleanse from chaff, winnow";with kr/atum-or manīṣ/ām-,"to enlighten the understanding";with hiraṇyam-,"to wash gold") etc. ; (met.) to sift, discriminate, discern ; to think of or out, invent, compose (as a hymn) ; (A1. p/avate-) to purify one's self. be or become clear or bright ; (especially) to flow off clearly (said of the soma-) ; to expiate, atone for ; to pass so as to purify ; to purify in passing or pervading, ventilate etc. (confer, compare pav-): Passive voice pūy/ate-, to be cleaned or washed or purified ; to be freed or delivered from (ablative) etc.: Causal pav/ayati- or pāvayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpavat- grammar; Passive voice pāvyate- ), to cleanse, purify : Desiderative , pupūṣati-, pipaviṣate- grammar : Desiderative of Causal pipāvayiṣati- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Umbr.pir; German Feuer; English fire.]) |
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| punāna | mfn. being clear or bright or purified (also with tanv/am-or tanv/ā-) |
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| punarṇava | (p/unar-.) mf(ā-)n. renewed, restored to life or youth (also punarṇav/a-; see -nava-). |
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| punarnava | mf(ā-)n. (p/unar--.) becoming new or young again, renewed etc. (also punar-nav/a-; see punar-ṇ-) |
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| punarvasu | m. (p/unar--) "restoring goods", Name of the 5th or 7th lunar mansion etc. (mostly dual number see ; punarvasutva -tv/a- n. ) |
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| pūruṣatvatā | ind. equals puruṣa-tv/a-tā- |
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| pūrvacitti | f. (pūrv/a--) foreboding, presentiment (only dative case"at the first notice, forthwith") |
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| pūrvahūti | (pūrv/a--) f. first or earliest invocation, morning prayer |
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| pūrvapañcāla | m. plural (pūrv/a--) the eastern pañcāla-s |
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| pūrvapīti | (pūrv/a--) f. precedence in drinking |
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| pūrvathā | (pūrv/a--) ind. formerly or is formerly, previously, first |
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| pūrvavah | (v/āh-) mfn. drawing in front, being the first horse or leader, or harnessed for the first time (applied to a horse) |
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| ṛ | cl.1.3.5.P. ṛcchati-, iyarti-, ṛṇoti-, and ṛṇvati- (only Vedic or Veda) ; āra-, ariṣyati-, ārat-, and ārṣīt-, to go, move, rise, tend upwards etc. ; to go towards, meet with, fall upon or into, reach, obtain etc. ; to fall to one's share, occur, befall (with accusative) etc. ; to advance towards a foe, attack, invade ; to hurt, offend ; to move, excite, erect, raise, (/iyarti v/ācam-,he raises his voice ; st/omān iyarmi-,I sing hymns ) : Causal arpayati-, to cause to move, throw, cast etc. ; to cast through, pierce ; to put in or upon, place, insert, fix into or upon, fasten etc. ; to place on, apply etc. ; to direct or turn towards etc. ; to deliver up, surrender, offer, reach over, present, give etc. ; to give back, restore etc.: Vedic or Veda Intensive alarti- ; (2. sg. alarṣi- ) ; to move or go towards with speed or zeal: Class. Intensive A1. arāryate- () , to wander about, haste towards ; ([ confer, compare Greek , , etc.: Zendir: Latin or-ior,re-mus,aro: Gothic argan: Anglo-Saxon a1r:Old High German ruo-dar,ar-an: Lithuanian ir-ti,"to row";ar-ti,"to plough."]) |
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| rādh | (confer, compare ṛdh-and radh-) cl.5.4. P. () rādhn/oti- rādhyati- (Vedic or Veda also proper rādhati-and r/ādhyate-; perfect tense rar/ādha- etc. etc. [2. sg. rarādhitha-or redhita-, confer, compare ]; Aorist, arātsīt-, rādhiṣi- ; preceding rādhyāsam- ; future rāddhā- grammar; rātsyati- ; ind.p. rāddhv/ā-, -rādhya- ), to succeed (said of things), be accomplished or finished ; to succeed (said of persons), be successful with (instrumental case), thrive, prosper ; to be ready for, submit to (dative case) ; to be fit for, partake of, attain to (dative case or locative case), ; (rādhyati-) to prophesy to (dative case) ; to accomplish, perform, achieve, make ready, prepare, carry out ; to hit, get at (accusative) ; to propitiate, conciliate, gratify ; to hurt, injure, destroy, exterminate (confer, compare ) : Passive voice rādhyate- (Aorist /arādhi-), to be conciliated or satisfied (confer, compare rādhyate-above) : Causal rādh/ayati- (Aorist arīradhat- ; Passive voice rādhyate- ), to accomplish, perform, prepare, make ready etc. ; to make favourable, propitiate, satisfy : Desiderative of Causal rirādhayiṣati- : Desiderative rirātsati- or -ritsati- Va1rtt. 1 : Intensive rārādhyate-, rārāddhi- grammar ([ confer, compare iradh-; Gothic gare7dan,rathjo1; Slavonic or Slavonian raditi.]) |
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| raivata | mf(ī-)n. (fr. rev/at-) descended from a wealthy family, rich |
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| ram | cl.1. A1. () ramate- (Vedic or Veda also P. r/amati-or ramṇāti- perfect tense rarāma- ; reme- etc.; Aorist 3. plural ranta- ; araṃsīt- ; araṃsta- ; raṃsiṣam- ; future rantā- grammar; raṃsyati- ; te- etc.; infinitive mood ramitum- ; rantum- etc.; rantos- ; ind.p. ratv/ā- ; rantvā- ; -ramya-or -ratya- ), to stop, stay, make fast, calm, set at rest (P.; especially present tense ramṇāti-) ; (P. A1.)to delight, make happy, enjoy carnally ; (A1.) to stand still, rest, abide, like to stay with (locative case or dative case) etc. ; (A1.; P.only mc.) to be glad or pleased, rejoice at, delight in, be fond of (locative case instrumental case or infinitive mood) etc. ; to play or sport, dally, have sexual intercourse with (instrumental case with or without samam-, saha-, sākam-or sārdham-), etc. ; to couple (said of deer) , Va1rtt. 8 (confer, compare Causal) ; to play with id est put to stake (instrumental case) : Causal ram/ayati- or rām/ayati- (Aorist /arīramat-), to cause to stay, stop, set at rest ; (ramayati-, mc. also te-) to gladden, delight, please, caress, enjoy carnally etc. (3. sg. ramayati-tarām-, ) ; to enjoy one's self, be pleased or delighted ; mṛgān ramayati-, he tells that the deer are coupling Va1rtt. 8 : Desiderative in riraṃsā-, su- q.v : Desiderative of Causal in riramayiṣu- q.v : Intesis. raṃramyate- or raṃramīti- [ confer, compare Zend ram, Greek ,, ; Lithuanian rimti; Gothic rimis.] |
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| raṇvasaṃdṛś | (raṇv/a--) mfn. appearing beautiful |
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| raśmīvat | mfn. equals raśmi-v/at- |
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| rāṣṭrabhṛt | f. of particular prayers and oblations ( rāṣṭrabhṛttva -tv/a- n.) |
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| rathaspati | (r/athas--) m. (r/athas-prob. a form of the genitive case; see v/anas-p/ati-) the"lord of chariots", a deity presiding over chariots or over pleasure and enjoyment |
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| revata | f(i-and ī-). See under rev/at- below. |
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| revatī | f. of rev/at- above |
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| ric | cl.7 P. A1. () riṇ/akti-, riṅkte- cl.1 P. () recati- ; cl.4 A1. (confer, compare Passive voice) r/icyate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense rir/eca-, riric/e- etc. etc.: riricyām-, arirecīt- ; parasmE-pada ririkv/as-, riricān/a- ; Aorist /āraik- ; arikṣi- ; aricat- ; future rektā- grammar, rekṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood rektum- grammar), to empty, evacuate, leave, give up, resign ; to release, set free ; to part with id est sell ("for" instrumental case) ; to leave behind, take the place of (accusative), supplant ; to separate or remove from (ablative) : Passive voice ricy/ate- (Aorist areci-), to be emptied etc. etc. ; to be deprived of or freed from (ablative) ; to be destroyed, perish : Causal (or cl.10. ; Aorist arīricat-), to make empty ; to discharge, emit (as breath, with or scilicet mārutam-), ; to abandon, give up : Desiderative ririkṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive rericyate-, rerekti- [ confer, compare Zend ric; Greek , ; Latin linquo,licet; Lithuanian likti; Gothic leihwan; Anglo-Saxon leo4n; English loan,lend; German li7han,leihen.] |
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| ṛkvat | See ṛkv/a- below. |
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| rocas | n. light, lustre (see sv/a-r-). |
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| ru | cl.2 P. (; confer, compare ) rauti- or ravīti- (Vedic or Veda also ruv/ati-and ravoti-, te-; parasmE-pada r/uvat-, ravat-, ravamāṇa-, ravāṇa-; perfect tense rurāva- ; ruruvire- ; Aorist /arāvīt- ; preceding rūyāt- grammar; future ravitā-or rotā- ; raviṣyati- ; infinitive mood ravitum- , rotum- ), to roar, bellow, howl, yelp, cry aloud etc. ; to make any noise or sound, sing (as birds) , hum (as bees) etc. ; (rauti-) to praise : Causal rāvayati- (Aorist arūruvat-with the sense of the Intensive ;or arīravat- ), to cause to bellow or roar, cause an uproar etc. : Desiderative of Causal rirāvayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative rurūṣati- : Intensive (Ved.) r/oravīti- (parasmE-pada r/oruvat-and r/oruvāṇa-) or (Epic) rorūyate-, ti- or (grammar) roroti-. to bellow or roar etc. loudly, scream aloud, vociferate. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin raucus; Anglo-Saxon ry7n.] |
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| ruc | cl.1 A1. () rocate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-; perfect tense ruroca-, ruruc/e- etc.; subjunctive rurucanta- Potential rurucyās- ; parasmE-pada rurukv/as-, rurucān/a- ; Aorist arucat- ; arociṣṭa- etc.; arukta- ; parasmE-pada rucān/a- ; Aorist Passive voice aroci- ; preceding rucīya- ; rociṣīya- ; ruciṣīya- ; future rocitā- grammar; rociṣyate- ; infinitive mood rocitum- ; ruc/e- ; ind.p. rucitvā-or rocitvā- ), to shine, be bright or radiant or resplendent etc. ; (only in perfect tense P.) to make bright or resplendent ; to be splendid or beautiful or good etc. ; to be agreeable to, please (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to be pleased with, like (accusative) ; to be desirous of, long for (dative case) : Causal roc/ayati-, te- (Aorist /arūrucat-, cata-; Passive voice rocyate-), to cause to shine ; to enlighten, illuminate, make bright ; to make pleasant or beautiful ; to cause any one (accusative) to long for anything (dative case) ; to find pleasure in, like, approve, deem anything right (accusative or infinitive mood) etc. ; to choose as (double accusative) ; to purpose, intend ; (Passive voice) to be pleasant or agreeable to (dative case) : Desiderative ruruciṣate- or rurociṣate- grammar : Intensive (only p. r/orucāna-) to shine bright [ confer, compare Greek , ;lux,luceo,luna,lumen; Gothic liuhath,lauhmuni; German lioht,lieht,licht; Anglo-Saxon leo4ht; English light.] |
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| ruh | (see,1. rudh-) cl.1 P. ( ) r/ohati- (mc. also te-and ruhati-, te-; Vedic or Veda and Epic imperfect tense or Aorist aruhat-; Potential ruheyam-, -ruhethās-, -ruhemahi-; imperative ruha-, parasmE-pada r/uhāṇa-; perfect tense ruroha-, ruruh/uḥ- etc.; ruruhe- ; Aorist /arukṣat- etc.; future roḍhā- grammar; rokṣy/ati-, te- etc.; rohiṣye- ; infinitive mood roḍhum- etc.; rohitum- ; r/ohiṣyai- ; ind.p. rūḍhv/ā- , -r/uhya- etc.; -rūhya- ; -r/uham- ; -r/oham- ), to ascend, mount, climb ; to reach to, attain (a desire) ; to rise, spring up, grow, develop, increase, prosper, thrive etc. etc. (with na-,"to be useless or in vain" ) ; to grow together or over, cicatrize, heal (as a wound) etc.: Causal roh/ayati- or (later) ropayati-, te- (Aorist arūruhat-or arūrupat- grammar; Passive voice ropyate- Aorist aropi- ), to cause to ascend, raise up, elevate ; to place in or on, fix in, fasten to, direct towards (with accusative or locative case) ; to transfer to, commit, entrust (see ropita-) ; to put in the ground, plant, sow ; to lay out (a garden) ; to cause to grow, increase ; to cause to grow over or heal : Desiderative r/urukṣati- See ā-ruh-: Intensive roruhyate-, roroḍhi- grammar |
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| ruj | cl.6 P. () ruj/ati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense rur/oja- etc.; Aorist 2. sg. rok- ; ruk- ; araukṣīt- grammar; future roktā-, rokṣyati- ; infinitive mood -r/uje- ; ind.p. ruktv/ā-, -r/ujya- ), to break, break open, dash to pieces, shatter, destroy etc. ; to cause pain, afflict, injure (with accusative or genitive case; confer, compare ) etc. etc.: Causal rojayati- (Aorist arūrujat-), to cause to break etc. ; to strike upon (locative case) ; (cl.10. ) to hurt, injure, kill: Desiderative rurukṣati- grammar (See rurukṣ/aṇi-): Intensive rorujyate-, rorokti-, grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin lugeo.]) |
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| sabva | n. digested food (equals pakvāśayagatam annam-) (sabv/am-may perhaps be accusative of a f. sab/ū-; see sa-b/uvam-). |
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| sadeva | mf(ā-)n. (s/a--) accompanied or protected by gods ( sadevatva -tv/a- n.) |
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| sah | cl.1 A1. () s/ahate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-and exceptionally sāhati-,once in sg. sahyāmi-; parasmE-pada s/ahat- s/ahamāna-[ q.v ]; perfect tense sehe-, sasāha-; Vedic or Veda also sasāh/e-and sāsāhat-; sās/ahat-; sāsahīṣṭ/āḥ-,; sāsahy/āma-,; parasmE-pada sehān/a-, sāsahān/a-, sāsahv/as-and sāhv/as-[ q.v ]; Aorist asākṣi-, sākṣi-, sākṣate- ; sākṣīt- ; sakṣati- ; sakṣat-, s/ākṣāma- ; imperative sakṣi-, sākṣva- ; parasmE-pada s/akṣat- ; /asahisṭa- ; preceding sahyās-, sāhy/āma- ; sākṣīya-. ; s/āhiṣīm/ahi- ; future soḍhā- etc.; sahitā- grammar; sakṣyati- , te- ; sākṣye-[?] ; -sahiṣyati-, te- ; Conditional asahisyat- ; infinitive mood s/ahadhyai- ; s/āḍhyai- ; soḍhum-, sahitum- ; ind.p. soḍhvā- ; sādhvā-, sahitvā- grammar; s/ahya- etc.; s/aham- ), to prevail, be victorious ; to overcome, vanquish, conquer, defeat (enemies), gain, win (battles) ; to offer violence to (accusative) ; to master, suppress, restrain etc. ; to be able to or capable of (infinitive mood or locative case) ; to bear up against, resist, withstand etc. ; to bear, put up with, endure, suffer, tolerate (with na-,"to grudge") etc. ; to be lenient towards, have patience with any one (genitive case) ; to spare any one ; to let pass, approve anything ; (with kalam-, kala-kṣepam-etc.) to bide or wait patiently for the right time : Causal or cl.10. sāhayati- (Aorist asīṣahat-), to forbear : Desiderative of Causal sisāhayiṣati- : Desiderative s/īkṣate- (parasmE-pada s/īkṣat-; according to to , also sisahiṣa-), to wish to overcome : Intensive sāsaṣyate-, sāsoḍhi- (see sāsah/i-) grammar ([ see sahas-and for ; , .]) |
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| śambhunātha | m. (also with ācārya-and siddhāntav/agīśa-) Name of various authors etc. |
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| saṃcit | (only perfect tense parasmE-pada P. -cikitv/as-,and 3. plural perfect tense A1. -cikitre-and -cikitrire-), to observe together, survey, notice ; to agree together, be unanimous : Causal -cetayati- (pr. p. -cetayamāna-), to observe, be aware of. perceive |
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| saṃdas | (only perfect tense parasmE-pada P. -dadasv/as-), to die out or become extinguished (as fire) (according to to saṃ-dadasvas- equals samyakprayacchat-). |
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| sammikṣ | (or -mimikṣ-; see 1. miksk-;only imperative -mimikṣv/ā-and 2. du. perfect tense -mimikṣ/athuḥ-,but according to to some referable to sam--1. mih- q.v), to mix with, furnish or endow with (instrumental case) ; to prepare (an oblation) |
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| śaṃs | cl.1 P. () ś/aṃsati- (mc. also A1.; perfect tense śaśaṃsa-, se- etc.; śaṃsuḥ-, sire- ; parasmE-pada śaṃsivas- q.v; Aorist aśaṃsīt- etc., etc.: subjunctive śaṃsiṣat- ;2. plural śasta- ; śastāt- ;1. sg. śaṃsi- ; preceding śasyāt-. grammar; future śaṃsitā- ; śaṃsiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood śaṃsitum- ; -śase- ; indeclinable parasmE-pada śastv/ā-, -śasya-, -śaṃsam- etc.; -śaṃsya- ), to recite, repeat (especially applied to the recitation of texts in the invocations addressed by the hotṛ- to the adhvaryu-, when śaṃs-is written śoṃs-and the formulas śoṃsāmas-, śoṃsāvas-, śoṃsāva-are used;See 2. ā-hāva-) ; to praise, extol etc. ; to praise, commend, approve ; to vow, make a vow (?) ; to wish anything (accusative) to (dative case) to relate, say, tell, report, declare, announce to (genitive case or dative case;"who or where anybody is" accusative;also with two acc, "to declare anybody or anything to be-") etc. ; to foretell, predict, prognosticate etc. ; to calumniate, revile ; to hurt, injure ; to be unhappy : Passive voice śasy/ate-, to be recited or uttered or praised or approved etc. etc.: Causal śaṃsayati- (Aorist aśaśaṃsat-), to cause to repeat or recite ; to predict, foretell : Desiderative śiśaṃsiṣati- grammar : Intensive śāśasyate-, śāśaṃsti- [ confer, compare Latin carmenforcasmen;casme1nacame1na;censeo.] |
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| saṃsravabhāga | mfn. (v/a-) one to whom the remainder of any liquid belongs |
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| saṃsrāvabhāga | m. (v/a--) equals saṃ-srava-bh- |
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| śaṃtanu | mfn. (ś/aṃ--) wholesome for the body or the person ( śaṃtanutva -tv/a- n.) |
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| saṃvas | P. A1. -vasati-, te-, (infinitive mood -vastum-; pr. p. -vasat-,or -v/asāna-[ q.v ]) , to dwell together, live or associate with (instrumental case with and without saha-,or accusative) etc. ; to cohabit with (accusative) ; to meet or assemble together ; to stay, abide, dwell in (locative case) ; to spend, pass (time) : Causal -vāsayati-, to cause to live together, bring together with (instrumental case with or without saha-) ; to provide with a lodging or dwelling |
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| saṃvat | f. (fr. 2. sam-; see ni-v/at-, pra-v/at-) a side, region, tract |
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| saṃvṛt | A1. -vartate- (perfect tense parasmE-pada -vavṛtv/as- q.v; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -v/ṛtas-; indeclinable -vartam-), to turn or go towards, approach near to, arrive at ; to go against, attack (accusative) ; to meet, encounter (as foes) ; to come together, be rolled together, be conglomerated ; (also with mithas-) to have sexual intercourse together ; to take shape, come into being, be produced, arise from (ablative) etc. ; to come round or about, come to pass, happen, occur, take place, be fulfilled (as time) ; etc. ; to begin, commence ; to be, exist etc. ; to become, grow, get (with Nominal verb) ; to be conducive to, serve for (dative case) : Causal vartayati-, to cause to turn or revolve, roll (literally and figuratively) etc. ; to turn towards or hither ; to clench (the fist) ; to wrap up, envelop ; to crumple up, crush, destroy ; to bring about, accomplish, perform, execute ; to fulfil, satisfy (a wish) ; to think of. find out (a remedy) : Desiderative -v/ivṛtsati-, to wish to have sexual intercourse with (accusative) |
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| san | cl.1 P., cl.8. P. A1. () s/anati-, te- or san/oti-, sanute- (A1.rare and only in non-conjugational tenses; perfect tense sas/āna- ; parasmE-pada sasav/as- f. sasan/uṣī- ; sasanivas-or senivas- grammar; sene- ; Aorist asāniṣam-[Subj. saniṣat- A1. saniṣāsmahe-, s/aniṣanta-] ; imperative s/aniṣantu- ; seṣam-, set- ; asāta- grammar; preceding sanyāt-, sāyāt- ; future sanitā- ; saniṣy/ati- ; infinitive mood sanitum- grammar), to gain, acquire, obtain as a gift, possess, enjoy ; to gain for another, procure, bestow, give, distribute ; (A1.) to be successful, be granted or fulfilled : Passive voice sanyate- or sāyate- : Causal sānayati- (Aorist asīṣaṇat-) grammar : Desiderative of Causal sisānayiṣati-. : Desiderative sisaniṣati- (grammar) or s/iṣāsati- (? sīṣatī- ), to wish to acquire or obtain ; to wish to procure or bestow : Intensive saṃsanyate-, sāsāyate-, saṃsanti- (grammar), to gain or acquire repeatedly (only 3. plural saniṣṇata- ). |
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| śāṇḍadūrvā | f. a kind of plant (varia lectio pākadūrv/ā-). |
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| sarvagaṇa | mfn. (or sarv/a--) having or forming a complete company etc. |
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| sarvagāyatra | (sarv/a--) mfn. consisting wholly of the gāyatrī- |
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| sarvajāgata | (sarv/a-.) mfn. consisting wholly of jagatī- |
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| sarvajanman | (sarv/a--) mfn. of all kinds |
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| sarvarohita | (sarv/a--) mf. quite red |
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| sarvarūpa | mf(ā-)n. (s/arva--or sarv/a--) having or assuming all forms ( sarvarūpatā -tā- f.) |
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| sarvasamṛddha | (sarv/a--) mfn. entirely well arranged |
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| sarvaśuddhavāla | (sarv/a--) mfn. entirely white-tailed |
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| sarvatāti | f. (sarv/a--.) totality |
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| sarvatraiṣṭubha | (sarv/a--) mfn. consisting wholly of triṣṭubh- |
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| sāsahvas | and sāhv/as- mfn. equals -sāsahāna- |
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| saśukra | (s/a-.) mfn. together with brightness or with what is bright ( saśukratva -tv/a- n.) |
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| satejas | (s/a--) mfn. attended with splendour or energy or vital power etc. ( satejastva -tv/a- n.) |
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| sautrāmaṇī | f. a particular sacrifice in honour of indra- (su-trāman-;described as the 6th or 7th;of the 7 havir-yajña-saṃsthā-s q.v;in the it is said that every one consecrated by the sautrāmaṇi- enters among the gods and is born sarva-tanūḥ- id est with his entire body; sautrāmaṇītva -tv/a- n. ) |
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| sava | m. setting in motion, vivification, instigation, impulse, command, order (especially applied to the activity of savitṛ-; dative case sav/āya-,"for setting in motion") |
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| savapati | (sav/a--) m. the lord of the sava- ceremony |
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| savavidha | (sav/a-.) mfn. equals savana-v- |
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| savīrya | mfn. powerful, mighty ( savīryatva -tv/a- n.) |
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| savivadha | mfn. holding the equipoise ( savivadhatva -tv/a- n.) |
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| ścandra | mfn. shining, radiant (only in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound';See aśva-ścandra-, puru-ścandr/a-, viśv/a-ścandra-, suścandr/a-, śv/a-ścandra-,and h/ari-ścandra-). |
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| sendriya | mfn. possessed of manly vigour or potency ( sendriyatva -tv/a- n.) |
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| śiva | mf(/ā-)n. (according to ,fr.1. śī-,"in whom all things lie";perhaps connected with śvi- see śavas-, śiśvi-) auspicious, propitious, gracious, favourable, benign, kind, benevolent, friendly, dear ( śivam v/am- ind.kindly, tenderly) etc. |
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| śivasaṃkalpa | (śiv/a--) m. "auspicious in meaning", Name of the text (also pa-sūkta-;also popaniṣad-; see ). |
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| śivatama | (śiv/a--) mfn. most prosperous or auspicious, very fortunate |
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| skambh | or skabh- (prob. a mere phonetic variety of stambh- q.v;in native lists written skanbh-) cl.5.9. P. ( ) skabhn/oti-, skabhn/āti- (according to to also cl.1 A1. skambhate-; pr. p. skabhnuv/at- ; skabh/at- ; perfect tense cask/ambha-,2. dual number -skambh/athuḥ- ; parasmE-pada caskabhān/a- ; Aorist askambhīt- grammar; future skambhitā-, skambhiṣyati- ; infinitive mood skambhitum- ; -sk/abhe- ; ind.p. skabhitv/ī- ) to prop, support, make firm, fix, establish : Causal skambhayati- (Aorist acaskambhat-, grammar;See skambhita-) or skabhāy/ati- ( Va1rtt. 1 ;See skabhita-), to prop, support, fix ; to impede, check |
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| snā | (confer, compare snu-) cl.2 P. () sn/āti- cl.4 P. () snāyati- (Epic also A1. snāyate- Potential snāyāt-; Epic also snāyīta-; perfect tense sasnau-,3. plural sasnuḥ- ; future snātā- grammar; snāsyati-, te- etc.; Aorist asnāsīt- grammar; preceding snāyāt-[ confer, compare above] or sneyāt- ; infinitive mood snātum- etc.; ind.p. snātv/ā-, -sn/āya- etc.;Ved. also snātvī- ), to bathe, perform the ceremony of bathing or certain prescribed oblations (especially on returning home from the house of a religious preceptor, or on concluding certain vows etc., also with avabhṛtham-) etc. ; to smear one's self with (instrumental case) : Passive voice snāyate- (Aorist asnāyi- impersonal or used impersonally) : Causal snāp/ayati- or snap/ayati-, (with preposition only snāp-), to cause to bathe, wash, cleanse etc. ; to wash away ; to steep or soak in (locative case) ; to bathe with tears, weep for(?) : Desiderative sisnāsati- (but confer, compare siṣṇāsu-): Intensive sāsnāyate-, sāsnāti-, sāsneti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin nare.]) |
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| spara | n. Name of particular sāman- days and the texts and sacrifices connected with them ( sparatva -tv/a- n.) |
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| spṛ | (varia lectio stṛ-and smṛ-) cl.5 P. () spṛṇ/oti- (in veda- also spṛṇut/e-; perfect tense paspāra- ; Aorist aspar- subjunctive sparat- imperative spṛdhi- ; /aspārṣam- ; future spartā-, spariṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood sp/arase- ; ind.p. spṛtv/ā- ), to release, extricate or deliver from (ablative), save, gain, win : Causal spār/ayati-, to attract to one's self, win ; to preserve, save, rescue ; to gladden, delight, gratify, bestow |
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| sṛ | (confer, compare sal-) cl.1.3. P. () s/arati- (Epic also te-and according to to also dhāvati-), and s/isarti- (the latter base only in veda-;3. dual number s/isratuḥ-,3. plural s/israte- ; parasmE-pada s/israt-[ q.v ] ; perfect tense sas/āra-, sasr/e- etc.;1. dual number sasriva- ; parasmE-pada sasṛv/as-, sasrāṇ/a-and sasṛmāṇ/a- ; Aorist asārṣīt- grammar; subjunctive sarṣat- ; preceding sriyāt- grammar; future sartā- ; sariṣy/ati- etc.; infinitive mood sartum- etc.; s/artave-, tav/ai- ; ind.p. sṛtv/ā- ; -s/ṛtya-, -s/āram- etc.), to run, flow, speed, glide, move, go (with uccakais-,"to spring up";with v/ājam-,or ājim-,"to run a race" id est"exert one's self") Calcutta edition etc. ; to blow (as wind) ; to run away, escape ; to run after, pursue (accusative) ; to go towards, betake one's self to (accusative or tatra-etc.) ; to go against, attack, assail ; to cross, traverse (accusative) ; (A1.) to begin to flow (said of the fluid which surrounds the fetus) : Passive voice sriyate- (Aorist asāri- ), to be gone etc., grammar : Causal sārayati- or cl.10 P. () to cause to run ; to set in motion, strike (a lute) ; to remove, push aside (a braid of hair) ; put in array, to arrange (with dyūtam-,"the men on a chess-board") ; to make visible, show, manifest ; to nourish, foster (genitive case) ; A1. sārayate- (for sar/ayate-See saraya-,), to cause one's self to be driven, drive (in a carriage) : pass. sāryate-, to be made to flow, discharge (excrement) : Desiderative sisīrṣati-, to wish to run (vājam-,"a race") : Intensive (confer, compare sarisrar/a-) s/arsṛte- (parasmE-pada s/arsrāṇa-See pra-sṛ-) or sarīṣarti-, to stride backwards and forwards ; to blow violently (as the wind) [ confer, compare Greek ,;, ; Latin salire.] |
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| sriv | or srīv- cl.4 P. () srīvyati- (grammar also perfect tense siśreva-; Aorist asrevīt-; future srevitā-; ind.p. srevitvā-or srūtvā-), to fail, turn out badly ; (with garbham-) to miscarry ; "to go"or"to become dry" : Causal srev/ayati-, to cause to fail, lead astray ; srīvayati-, to frustrate, thwart : Desiderative sisreviṣati-, susrūṣati- grammar : Intensive sesrīvyate- |
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| śru | cl.5 P. () śṛṇ/oti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also A1. śṛṇute-,and in sg. śṛṇv/e-,2. sg. viṣ/e-,3. plural vir/e-[ confer, compare below]; imperative śṛṇu-, ṇudh/ī-and ṇuh/ī- plural śṛṇut/ā-, ṇota-and ṇotana- ; perfect tense śuśr/āva-[once in with pass. sense], śuśruve-[2. sg. śuśrotha-,1. plural śuśruma-,in also mas-; śuśravat-, śuśrūy/ās- , parasmE-pada śuśruv/as- q.v ]; Aorist Ved. /aśravam-, /aśrot-,2. sg. śr/oṣi-; subjunctive śr/avat-, vathaḥ-;[?] śruvam- ; imperative śrudh/ī-, śr/otu- ; aśrauṣīt- etc.; subjunctive śroṣan- imperative śroṣantu- [ confer, compare śr/oṣamāṇa-]; preceding śrūy/āsam- etc.; future śrotā- ; śroṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood śrotum- etc.; ind.p. śrutv/ā- etc.; -śr/utya- etc.; śrāvam- etc.) , to hear, listen or attend to anything (accusative), give ear to any one (accusative or genitive case), hear or learn anything about (accusative) or from (ablative genitive case instrumental case, mukhāt-or śakāśāt-), or that anything is (two accusative) etc. ; to hear (from a teacher), study, learn etc. ; to be attentive, be obedient, obey etc.: Passive voice śrūy/ate- (Epic also ti-;and in śṛṇve-etc.[ confer, compare above] with pass. meaning; Aorist aśrāvi-, śrāvi-), to be heard or perceived or learnt about (accusative) or from (genitive case ablative or mukhāt-;in later language often 3. sg. śrūyate- impersonal or used impersonally"it is heard","one hears or learns or reads in a book", ="it is said","it is written in (with locative case)"; imperative śrūyatām-,"let it be heard"="listen!") etc. ; to be celebrated or renowned, be known as, pass for, be called (Nominal verb) ; to be heard or learnt (from a teacher) ; to be taught or stated (in a book) ; to be heard id est pronounced or employed (as a sound or word) : Causal śrāv/ayati- (Epic also te-,in also śrav/ayati-; Aorist aśuśravi-, vuḥ- ; aśuśruvat- ; aśiśravat- grammar; Passive voice śrāvyate-See below) , to cause to be heard or learnt, announce, proclaim, declare etc. ; to cause to hear, inform, instruct, communicate, relate, tell (with accusative of thing, and accusative genitive case,or dative case of Persian,or with instrumental case in sense of "through") etc.: Passive voice of Causal śrāvyate-, to be informed of (accusative) etc.: Desiderative ś/uśrūṣate- (; Epic or mc. also ti-; Passive voice śuśrūṣyate-), to wish or like to hear (accusative), desire to attend or listen to (dative case) etc. ; to attend upon, serve, obey (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc.: Causal of Desiderative śuśrūṣayati-, to wait upon, be at the service of (accusative) on : Desiderative of Causal śiśrāvayiṣati- or śuśrāvayiṣati- grammar : Intensive śośrūyate-, śośravīti-, śośroti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , equals śrudh/i-, equals śrut/a-etc.; Latin cluo,in-clutus; Slavonic or Slavonian sluti; German laut; English loud.]) |
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| sruc | f. (Nominal verb sr/uk-;prob. connected with sru-and sruv/a-) a sort of large wooden ladle (used for pouring clarified butter on a sacrificial fire;and properly made of palāśa- or khadira- wood and about as long as an arm, with a receptacle at the end of the size of a hand;three are enumerated, viz. juh/ū-, upabh/ṛt-,and dhruv/ā-,in which order they are used in sg. dual number,and plural) |
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| stambh | or stabh- (connected with skambh- q.v;in native lists written stanbh-) cl.5.9. P. () stabhn/oti-, stabhn/āti- (confer, compare ), or cl.1 A1. () st/ambhate- (pr. p. also stambhat- , stabhamāna-[ q.v ] ; perfect tense tast/ambha-, mbhat-, tastabh/uḥ-, parasmE-pada tastabhv/as-, vānd- ; tastabhān/a-, tastambhe- ; Aorist /astambhīt-; astāmpsīt- ; astabhat- grammar; future stambhitā-, bhiṣyati- ; infinitive mood stabdhum- ; ind.p. stabdhv/ā- etc.; stambhitvā- ; -st/abhya-and -stambham- ), to fix firmly, support, sustain, prop (especially the heavens) ; to support or hold up by contact with, reach up to (accusative) ; to stop, stop up, arrest, make stiff or immovable, paralyze etc. ; (A1.) to rest or lean on (locative case) ; to become stiff or immovable ; to become solid : Passive voice stabhyate- (Aorist astambhi-), to be firmly fixed or supported or propped etc. etc.: Causal stabhāy/ati-, to make firm, support ; to stop, arrest ; stambhayati-, te- (Aorist atastambhat-), to fix, establish, erect etc. ; to make stiff or rigid, paralyze ; to make solid ; to stop, arrest (also by magic) , suppress, check, restrain : Desiderative tistambhiṣati- grammar : Intensive tāstabhyate- [ confer, compare Greek , ; Lithuanian stambras,stimbras; German stampfo7n,stampfen; English stamp,stump.] |
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| stavat | (Nominal verb sg. stav/ān-). See . |
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| sthūrayūpa | m. Name of a man ( sthūrayūpavat -v/at- ind.) |
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| stṛ | (or stṝ-). cl.5.9. P. A1. () stṛṇ/oti-, stṛṇute- or stṛnāti-, striṇīt/e- (Ved. and Epic also st/arati-, te-; perfect tense tastāra-, tastare-[3. plural tastaruḥ-, tastarire-] etc.;3. sg. [with pass. sense] tistir/e- ;3. plural tastrire- ; parasmE-pada A1. tistirāṇ/a- ; Aorist /astar-, star- ; astṛṣi-, astṛta- ; astarīt- ; astārṣīt-, astarīṣṭa-, astīrṣṭa- grammar; preceding stṛṣīya- ; staryāt-or stīryāt-; stṛṣīṣṭa-, starīṣīṣṭa-, stīrṣīṣṭa- grammar; future startā- grammar; stariṣyati-, te-[Gr. also starīṣ-] etc.; infinitive mood startum-or starītum- grammar; st/artave-, tavai-, starītav/ai- ; st/arītave- ; -st/ire-, -stṛṇīṣ/aṇi- ; ind.p. stīrtv/ā-or stṛtv/ā- ; -stīrya- ; -stṛtya- ), to spread, spread out or about, strew, scatter (especially the sacrificial grass;in this sense in older language only cl.9 P. A1.) ; to spread over, bestrew, cover etc. ; (cl.5. P. A1.) to lay low, overthrow, slay (an enemy) : Passive voice stīryate- (ti-) or striy/ate- (grammar also staryate-; Aorist /astāri-), to be spread or strewn etc. etc. etc.: Causal stārayati- (Aorist atastarat-), to spread, cover : Desiderative tistīrṣate- or t/ustūrṣate- (grammar also P.and tistarīṣati-, te-), to wish to spread or strew or lay low : Intensive tāstaryate-, testīryate-, tāstarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin sternere; Gothic straujan; German streuen; Anglo-Saxon streowian; English strew.]) |
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| stṝ | (or stṛ-). cl.5.9. P. A1. () stṛṇ/oti-, stṛṇute- or stṛnāti-, striṇīt/e- (Ved. and Epic also st/arati-, te-; perfect tense tastāra-, tastare-[3. plural tastaruḥ-, tastarire-] etc.;3. sg. [with pass. sense] tistir/e- ;3. plural tastrire- ; parasmE-pada A1. tistirāṇ/a- ; Aorist /astar-, star- ; astṛṣi-, astṛta- ; astarīt- ; astārṣīt-, astarīṣṭa-, astīrṣṭa- grammar; preceding stṛṣīya- ; staryāt-or stīryāt-; stṛṣīṣṭa-, starīṣīṣṭa-, stīrṣīṣṭa- grammar; future startā- grammar; stariṣyati-, te-[Gr. also starīṣ-] etc.; infinitive mood startum-or starītum- grammar; st/artave-, tavai-, starītav/ai- ; st/arītave- ; -st/ire-, -stṛṇīṣ/aṇi- ; ind.p. stīrtv/ā-or stṛtv/ā- ; -stīrya- ; -stṛtya- ), to spread, spread out or about, strew, scatter (especially the sacrificial grass;in this sense in older language only cl.9 P. A1.) ; to spread over, bestrew, cover etc. ; (cl.5. P. A1.) to lay low, overthrow, slay (an enemy) : Passive voice stīryate- (ti-) or striy/ate- (grammar also staryate-; Aorist /astāri-), to be spread or strewn etc. etc. etc.: Causal stārayati- (Aorist atastarat-), to spread, cover : Desiderative tistīrṣate- or t/ustūrṣate- (grammar also P.and tistarīṣati-, te-), to wish to spread or strew or lay low : Intensive tāstaryate-, testīryate-, tāstarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin sternere; Gothic straujan; German streuen; Anglo-Saxon streowian; English strew.]) |
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| stu | cl.2 P. A1. (; see ) st/auti- or stavīti-, stute- or stuvīte- (in also st/avate-,3. sg. stave-[with pass. sense], 1. 3. sg. stuṣ/e- imperative stoṣi-, parasmE-pada [mostly with pass. sense] stuvān/a-, st/avāna-or stavān/a-, st/avamāna-;in stunvanti-,in parasmE-pada stunvāna-; perfect tense tuṣṭāva-, tuṣṭuv/us-, tuṣṭuv/e- etc.; Aorist astāvīt-or astauṣīt- etc.; stoṣat-, stoṣāṇi- ; /astoṣṭa- etc.; preceding stūyāt- grammar; future stavitā-or stotā- ; future staviṣy/ati-, te- ; stoṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional astoṣyat- ; infinitive mood stotum- etc.; stavitum- ; st/otave-, stav/adhyai- ; ind.p. stutv/ā- etc.; -st/utya- etc.; -stūya- etc.), to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, celebrate in song or hymns (in ritual,"to chant" , with locative case of the text from which the sāman- comes) etc. etc.: Passive voice stūy/ate- (Aorist astāvi-), to be praised or celebrated ; stāyamāna- mfn. being praised : Causal stāvayati- (Aorist atuṣṭavat- ; ṭuvat- ), to praise, celebrate ; (stāvayate-), to cause to praise or celebrate : Desiderative tuṣṭūṣati-, te- (past participle tuṣṭūṣita-), to wish to celebrate : Intensive toṣṭūyate-, toṣṭoti- grammar |
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| su | cl.5 P. A1. () sun/oti-, sunute- (in plural sunv/anti-, sunvir/e-[with pass. sense] and suṣvati-; parasmE-pada sunv/at-or sunvān/a-[the latter with act. and pass. sense] ; perfect tense suṣāva-, suṣuma-etc. ; parasmE-pada in veda- suṣuv/as-and suṣvāṇ/a-[the later generally with pass. sense; according to to on , also suṣuvāṇa-with act. sense]; Aorist according to to grammar asāvīt-or asauṣīt-, asoṣṭa-or asaviṣṭa-;in also imperative s/otu-, sut/am-,and p. [mostly pass.] suvān/a-[but the spoken form is svān/a-and so written in , suv-in ];and 3. plural asuṣavuḥ- ; future sotā- ; soṣyati- ; saviṣyati- ; infinitive mood s/otave-, s/otos- : ; sotum- grammar; ind.p. -s/utya- ; -sūya- ), to press out, extract (especially the juice from the soma- plant for libations) ; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits etc.) Scholiast or Commentator on : Passive voice sūy/ate- (in also A1.3. sg. sunve-and 3. plural sunvir/e-with pass. sense; Aorist /asāvi- ) : Causal -sāvayati- or -ṣāvayati- (See abhi-ṣu-and pra-su-; Aorist asūṣavat- according to to some asīṣavat-) grammar : Desiderative of Causal suṣāvayiṣati- : Desiderative susūṣati-, te- : Intensive soṣūyate-, soṣavīti-, soṣoti- |
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| su | ind. (opp. to dus-and corresponding in sense to Greek ;perhaps connected with 1. v/asu-,and, according to to some, with pronoun base sa-,as ku-with ka-;in veda- also s/ū-and liable to become ṣu-or ṣū-and to lengthen a preceding vowel, while a following na-may become ṇa-;it may be used as an adjective (cf. mfn.) or adverb), good, excellent, right, virtuous, beautiful, easy, well, rightly, much, greatly, very, any, easily, willingly, quickly (in older language often with other particles; especially with u-,="forthwith, immediately";with mo- id est mā u-,="never, by no means"; s/u kam-often emphatically with an imperative exempli gratia, 'for example' t/iṣṭhā s/u kam maghavan m/ā parā gāḥ-,"do tarry O maghavan-, go not past" ; su-always qualifies the meaning of a verb and is never used independently at the beginning of a verse;in later language it is rarely a separate word, but is mostly prefixed to substantives, adjectives, adverbs and participles, exceptionally also to an ind.p. exempli gratia, 'for example' su-baddhvā-,"having well bound" ;or even to a finite verb exempli gratia, 'for example' su-nirvavau- ) |
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| sū | (not separable in all forms fr.2. sū-; see 1. su-ṣ/ū-, asu-sū-,and4. su-) cl.6 P. () suv/ati- (in also te-,and according to to also savati-and -sauti-; perfect tense suṣuv/e- ; parasmE-pada suṣuvāṇ/a- q.v; Aorist asāvīt-, sāviṣat- : Passive voice sūy/ate- etc.) , to set in motion, urge, impel, vivify, create, produce etc. ; to hurl upon ; to grant, bestow (especially said of savitṛ-) ; to appoint or consecrate to (A1."to let one's self be consecrated") ; to allow, authorize : Intensive soṣavīti-, to urge or impel violently (said of savitṛ-) |
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| sū | (see 1. sū-and5. su-) cl.2 A1. () sūte- (1. sg. proper suve-,3. sg. imperfect tense asūta-;in later language also sūyate-[ ] and in compound with pra-also -savati-and -sauti-[ see ]; perfect tense sasūva- ; suṣuv/e- etc.; susāva- etc.; Aorist asuṣot- ; ṣavuḥ- ; asoṣṭa- ; asauṣīt-and asaviṣṭa- grammar; future sotā-, savitā- ; soṣy/ati-, te- etc.; saviṣyati-, te- etc.; parasmE-pada f. s/ūṣyantī- ; soṣy/antī-[ sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ] ; infinitive mood s/ūtave- ; sūtav/ai- ; s/avitave- ; sotum-or savitum- grammar; ind.p. sūtv/ā- ; -sūya- etc.; -s/utya- ), to beget, procreate, bring forth, bear, produce, yield etc. etc.: Passive voice sūyate- (Aorist asāvi-), to be begotten or brought forth etc.: Causal sāvayati- grammar : Desiderative -susūṣati- |
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| subhū | mfn. (n. plural mf. -bhv/as-) of an excellent nature, good, strong, beautiful etc. |
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| śuc | cl.1 P. () śocati- (Ved. and Epic also te-;once in -śucyati-[ see saṃ-śuc-];and in śocimi-; perfect tense śuśoca-Impv. śuśugdhi- Potential śuśucīta-, parasmE-pada śuśukv/as-and śuśucān/a- Aorist aśucat-[ parasmE-pada śuc/at-and śuc/amāna-] ; aśocīt-[2. sg. śocīḥ-] ; aśociṣṭa- grammar; preceding śucyāsam- ; future śoktā-or śocitā- ; śuciṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood śuc/adhyai- ; śoktum-or śocitum- etc.; ind.p. śocitvā- ; śucitvā- ) to shine, flame, gleam, glow, burn ; to suffer violent heat or pain, be sorrowful or afflicted, grieve, mourn at or for (locative case or accusative with prati-) etc. ; to bewail, lament, regret (accusative) etc. ; to be absorbed in deep meditation ; (cl.4. P. A1. śucyati-, te-) to be bright or pure (see Causal and śuci-) ; to be wet ; to decay, be putrid, stink : Passive voice (only Aorist /aśoci-) to be kindled, burn, flame : Causal śoc/ayati-, te- (parasmE-pada śuc/ayat-[ q.v ] ; Aorist aśūśucat-, śūśucat- ), to set on fire, burn ; to cause to suffer pain, afflict, distress ; to feel pain or sorrow, grieve, mourn ; to lament, regret ; to purify : Passive voice of Causal śocyate- : Desiderative śuśuciṣati- or śuśociṣati- : Intensive śośucyate-, śośokti-, to shine or flame brightly grammar (only ś/ośucan- ; see ś/ośucat-, ś/ośucāna-, śośucyamāna-). |
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| sūr | weak form of 2. sv/ar- q.v |
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| sūrya | mfn. solar (perhaps wrong reading for saurya-) [For cognate wordsSee under 2. sv/ar-.] |
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| suṣṭhuvah | (or -v/āh-) mfn. carrying well bearing along rapidly (as horses) |
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| śuśukvana | kv/ani- See . |
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| suvar | ind. = sv/ar-3, the sun, light, heaven |
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| suvarvat | (s/uvar--) mfn. equals sv/arvat- and svar-v/id- |
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| suvarvid | mfn. equals sv/arvat- and svar-v/id- |
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| svabhānu | (sv/a--) mfn. self-luminous |
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| svabhavas | (sv/a--) mfn. (prob.) being in the Self (said of the breath) |
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| svad | or svād- (prob. fr. 5. su- ad-) cl.1 A1. () sv/adate- (Vedic or Veda also P. sv/adati-; perfect tense sasvade- ; sasvāde- grammar; future svāditā-, svādiṣyate- ; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -s/ude-; ind.p. -svādya- ), to taste well, be sweet or pleasant to (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to taste with pleasure, relish, enjoy, like (accusative), delight in (locative case) ; (P.) to make palatable, season ; to make sweet or pleasant or agreeable ; to be pleasant or wholesome ; P. A1. svādati-, te- (confer, compare ), to taste, relish, enjoy (generally varia lectio khād- q.v) : Causal svad/ayati-, te- (Aorist asiṣvadat-), to make savoury or palatable, sweeten, season, prepare, cook ; to propitiate, conciliate ; svādayati- (confer, compare ), to eat, relish, taste, enjoy : Desiderative of Causal sisvādayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative sisvādiṣate- : Intensive sāsvādyate-, sāsvātti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin suadeo,and undersvAdu.] |
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| svād | or svad- (prob. fr. 5. su- ad-) cl.1 A1. () sv/adate- (Ved. also P. sv/adati-; perfect tense sasvade- ; sasvāde- grammar; future svāditā-, svādiṣyate- ;Ved. infinitive mood -s/ude-; ind.p. -svādya- ), to taste well, be sweet or pleasant to (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to taste with pleasure, relish, enjoy, like (accusative), delight in (locative case) ; (P.) to make palatable, season ; to make sweet or pleasant or agreeable ; to be pleasant or wholesome ; P. A1. svādati-, te- (confer, compare ), to taste, relish, enjoy (generally varia lectio khād- q.v) : Causal svad/ayati-, te- (Aorist asiṣvadat-), to make savoury or palatable, sweeten, season, prepare, cook ; to propitiate, conciliate ; svādayati- (confer, compare ), to eat, relish, taste, enjoy : Desiderative of Causal sisvādayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative sisvādiṣate- : Intensive sāsvādyate-, sāsvātti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin suadeo,and undersvAdu.] |
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| svadhenava | (sv/a--) mfn. coming from one's own cows |
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| svadhiti | mf. (also written śv-) an axe etc. (in among the vajra-nāmāni-; dev/ī sv/adhitiḥ-,"heavenly axe", thunderbolt) |
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| svadhṛti | (sv/a--) f. standing still of one's self |
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| svagopa | (sv/a--) mf(ā-)n. guarding one's self |
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| svagūrta | mf(ā-)n. (sv/a--) exulting in themselves |
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| śvaḥ | in compound for 2. śv/as-. |
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| svaḥ | in compound for 3. sv/ar- below. |
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| svāhākṛta | (sv/āhā--) mfn. consecrated or offered with svāhā- |
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| svāhākṛti | (sv/āhā--) f. consecration with svāhā- (also as a deity presiding over the prayāja-) |
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| svāhākṛtī | (sv/āhā--) f. consecration with svāhā- (also as a deity presiding over the prayāja-) |
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| svahotṛ | (sv/a--) m. one's own hotṛ- |
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| svaitu | (sv/a-etu-) mfn. (perhaps) going one's own gait or way |
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| svaj | or svañj- (see pari-ṣvaj-) cl.1 A1. () sv/ajate- (rarely ti-; parasmE-pada svajāmana-and svajāna- ; perfect tense sasvaje- etc. etc. [3. plural juḥ- ]; sasvañje- grammar; Aorist /asasvajat- ; asvaṅkṣi- grammar; future svaṅktā-, svaṅkṣyate- ; svajiṣyate- ; infinitive mood -sv/aje- ; svaktum- ; ind.p. svajitvā-, -svajya- ), to embrace, clasp, encircle, twist or wind round etc.: Passive voice svajate- (Aorist asvañji-) grammar : Causal svañjayati- (Aorist asiṣvañjat-) : Desiderative sisvaṅkṣate- : Intensive sāsvajyate-, sāsvaṅkti- |
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| svajanman | (sv/a--) mfn. self-begotten, own |
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| svajenya | (sv/a--) mfn. relating to one's own birth |
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| svakṛta | mf(ā-)n. (sv/a--) done or performed or built or composed or created or fixed by one's self etc. |
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| svakṣatra | mfn. (sv/a--) master of one's self, independent, free |
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| svan | cl.1 P. () svanati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense sasvāna-,3. plural sasvanuḥ-[Gr. also svenuḥ-] etc.; Aorist asvanīt-, svānīt- [for Aorist P. sv/ani-See adhi--and anu-ṣvan-]; future svanitā-, svaniṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood svanitum- ), to sound, make any noise, roar, yell, hum, sing etc. etc.: Causal svanayati- (Aorist asisvanat-), to sound, resound ; to adorn (in this sense also svānayati-) : Desiderative sisvaniṣati- grammar : Intensive saṃsvanyate-, saṃsvanti- (confer, compare pari-ṣvan-) [ confer, compare Latin sonit,sonus,sonare; Anglo-Saxon swin; English swan; German Schwan.] |
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| svan | See tuvi-ṣv/an-. |
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| svana | m. (sv/ana-), roaring water |
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| svañj | or svaj- (see pari-ṣvaj-) cl.1 A1. () sv/ajate- (rarely ti-; parasmE-pada svajāmana-and svajāna- ; perfect tense sasvaje- etc. etc. [3. plural juḥ- ]; sasvañje- grammar; Aorist /asasvajat- ; asvaṅkṣi- grammar; future svaṅktā-, svaṅkṣyate- ; svajiṣyate- ; infinitive mood -sv/aje- ; svaktum- ; ind.p. svajitvā-, -svajya- ), to embrace, clasp, encircle, twist or wind round etc.: Passive voice svajate- (Aorist asvañji-) grammar : Causal svañjayati- (Aorist asiṣvañjat-) : Desiderative sisvaṅkṣate- : Intensive sāsvajyate-, sāsvaṅkti- |
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| śvanvatī | (śv/an--) f. Name of a class of āpsarasa-s |
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| svap | cl.2 P. () svapiti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also sv/apati-, te-; imperative sv/aptu- ; Potential svapīta- ; perfect tense suṣvāpa-[3. plural suṣupuḥ-; parasmE-pada suṣupv/as-and suṣupāṇ/a-,qq.vv.] etc.; Aorist asvāpsīt-; preceding supyāt- future svaptā- ; svapiṣyati- ; te- ; svapsyati- etc.; te- etc.; infinitive mood svaptum- etc.; ind.p. suptv/ā- etc., -sv/āpam- ), to sleep, fall asleep (with varṣa-śatam-,"to sleep for a hundred years, sleep the eternal sleep") etc. ; to lie down, recline upon (locative case) etc. ; to be dead ; Passive voice supyate- (Aorist asvāpi-) etc. ; Causal svāp/ayati-, or (mc.) svapayati- (Aorist asūṣupat-;in also siṣvapaḥ-, s/iṣvap-; Passive voice svāpyate-), to cause to sleep, lull to rest ; to kill : Desiderative of Causal suṣvāpayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative suṣupsati-, to wish to sleep : Intensive soṣupyate-, sāsvapīti-, sāsvapti-, soṣupīti-, soṣopti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin somnusforsop-nus,sopor,sopire; Slavonic or Slavonian su8pati; Lithuanian sa4pnas; Anglo-Saxon swefan,"to sleep."]) |
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| śvapad | (śv/a--) m. a wild animal |
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| śvāpad | (śv/ā--) m. a beast of prey |
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| śvāpada | m. (śv/ā--) n. a beast of prey, wild beast etc. |
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| śvapati | (śv/a--) m. a lord or possessor of dogs |
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| svapati | m. (sv/a--). one's own lord |
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| svapnamukhā | (sv/apna--) f. (prob.) phantom or illusion of a dream |
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| svāpyaya | m. turning into one's self (as an explanation of sv/apna-) |
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| svar | ind. the space above the sun or between the sun and the polar star, the region of the planets and constellations (regarded as the 3rd of the 7 worlds [see loka-]and the 3rd of the three vyāhṛti-s [i.e. bh/ur bh/uvaḥ sv/aḥ-]; svar-is pronounced after om-and before the gāyatrī- by every Brahman on beginning his daily prayers) etc. |
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| svarasāman | m. (sv/ara--) Name of the three days before and after the viṣuvat- of the gavāmayana- (id est the last three days of the first, and the first three days of the second half-year) |
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| svarasaṃpanna | mf(ā-)n. (sv/ara--) melodious, harmonious |
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| svaravat | mfn. (sv/ara--) having sound, sonorous, loud |
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| svardhāman | (sv/ar--) mfn. abiding in light |
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| svarita | m. n. the svarita- accent (a kind of mixed tone, produced by a combination of high and low tone, and therefore named in sam-āhāra-,the high and low tones being called ud-ātta-,"raised"or"acute", and an-udātta-,"low"or"grave";the svarita- corresponds to the Greek circumflex and is of four kinds, viz. kṣaipra-[as in vy-/āpta-for v/i-āpta-], jātya-[as in kv/a-for k/ua-], praśliṣṭa-[as in div/īva-for div/i iva-],or abhinihita-[as in t/e 'bruvan-for t/e abruvan-];it is marked in by a small upright stroke above a syllable;and when produced by an udātta-immediately preceding is sometimes called "a dependent svarita-", and, when it properly belongs to a word, an"independent svarita-") |
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| svarocas | (sv/a--) mfn. self-shining (varia lectio -rocis-). |
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| svarocis | (sv/a--) mfn. self-shining |
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| śvas | (see 3 -śuṣ-) cl.2 P. () śvasiti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also śv/asati-, te-; imperative śvasih/i- , śvasa- ; imperfect tense [or Aorist ] aśvasīt-, Epic also aśvasat-; Potential or preceding śvasyāt-, Epic also śvaset-; pr. p. śvasat-, Epic also śvasamāna-[for śvasamāna-See below]; perfect tense śaśvāsa- ; future śvasitā- grammar; śvasiṣyati- ; infinitive mood śvasitum- ; ind.p. -śvasya- ), to blow, hiss, pant, snort etc. ; to breathe, respire, draw breath (also = live) etc. ; to sigh, groan ; to strike, kill : Causal śvāsayati- (Aorist aśiśvasat-), to cause to blow or breathe etc. ; to cause heavy breathing : Desiderative śiśvasiṣati- grammar : Intensive śāśvasyate-, śāśvasti- (only parasmE-pada śāśvasat-,snorting ) |
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| śvas | ind. to-morrow, on the following day (śv/aḥ śvaḥ-,"day by day"; śv/o bhūt/e-,"on the morrow","next day") etc. |
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| śvasana | m. (śv/as-) Name of a serpent-demon |
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| svasāra | (sv/a--) n. equals -sara- |
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| svaścandra | (sv/a--) mfn. self-glittering, self-brilliant |
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| svasetu | (sv/a--) mf(u-)n. forming one's own embankment or bridge |
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| svaśocis | (sv/a--) mfn. self-radiant |
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| svatavas | mfn. (sv/a--) (Nominal verb -tavān-) self-strong, inherently powerful, valiant etc. |
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| svavasu | (sv/a--) varia lectio of the pada-pāṭha- for sv/ā-v- |
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| svāvasu | mfn. guarding one's possessions (see sv/a-v-). |
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| svavat | (sv/a--) mfn. possessing property, wealthy ( svavattā -tā- f.) (for svavān- Nominal verb of sv-avas-See p.1282) . -2. |
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| śvāvic | in compound for śv/a-vidh- below. |
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| svavidyut | (sv/a--) mfn. "self-lightning", flashing forth lightning by one's own power |
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| svavṛkti | f. (sv/a--) self-appropriation (tibhis-,"exclusively for ourselves") |
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| svavṛṣṭi | (sv/a--) mfn. retaining rain for one's self, rain-appropriating |
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| svayaśas | (sv/a--) mfn. glorious or illustrious through one's own (acts), self-sufficient (Comparative degree -tara-) |
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| svayata | (sv/a--) mfn. self-guided |
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| śvayātu | (śv/a--) m. a demon in the shape of a dog |
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| svayukta | (sv/a--) mfn. self-yoked (said of the horses of the marut-s) |
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| svayukti | f. (sv/a--) own yoke or team of horses |
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| śvi | (connected with śū-;sometimes written śvā-) cl.1 P. () śv/ayati- (perfect tense śiśvāya-,or śuśāva- grammar; Aorist /aśvat- , aśvayīt- ; preceding śūyāt- grammar; future śvayitā-, śvayiṣyati- ; infinitive mood śv/ayitum- ), to swell, grow, increase etc.: Passive voice śūyate- (Aorist aśvāyi-) idem or ' wrong reading for śvaśurya- ' : Causal śvāyayati- (Aorist aśiśvayat-[ ]or aśūśavat-) idem or ' wrong reading for śvaśurya- ' grammar : Desiderative of Causal śiśvāyayiṣati- or śuśāvayiṣati- : Desiderative śiśvayiṣati- : Intensive śeśvīyate- (), śośūyate- ; śeśvayīti-, śeśveti-, to swell much. |
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| svid | ind. (prob. fr. 5. su-+ id-; see kuvid-) a particle of interrogation or inquiry or doubt, often translatable by"do you think?""perhaps","pray","indeed","any"(especially used after the interrogative ka-and its derivatives exempli gratia, 'for example' kaḥ svid eṣām brāhmaṇānām anucāna-tamaḥ-,"pray who [or"who do you think"] is the most learned of these brahman-s?" ;but also without another interrogative exempli gratia, 'for example' tvaṃ svin no yājñavalkya brakmiṣṭho 'si-,"do you think yājñavalkya-, you are the greatest Brahman among us?" ;also used after uta-, api-, āho-,and utāho-,and disjunctively in the first or second or both parts of a double interrogation, thus: kiṃnu-svid-; kiṃsvid-svid-; svid-svid-; svid-utāho-; nu-svid-; svid-nu-; svid-uta-; svid-vā-; svid-kimu-; svid-kim-nukim-;sometimes making a preceding interrogative indefinite exempli gratia, 'for example' kv/a svid-,"anywhere"; k/aḥ svid-,"whoever","any one";similarly with yad- exempli gratia, 'for example' yad svid dīyate-,"whatever is given" ;sometimes apparently a mere expletive) |
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| śvo | in compound for 2. śv/as-. |
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| svṛ | (also written svar-) cl.1 P. () sv/arati- (perfect tense sasvāra-;3. sg. subjunctive [?] sasv/ar- ; Aorist asvār-, asvārṣṭām- ; asvārīḥ- ; asvārīt-and asvārṣīt- grammar; future svaritā-, svartā-, svariṣyati- ; infinitive mood svaritos- ; svaritum-, svartum- grammar; ind.p. -svāram- ), to utter a sound, sound, resound ; to make (accusative) resound ; to sing, praise ; to shine : Causal svarayati- (Aorist asisravat-; Passive voice svaryate-), to pronounce or mark with the svarita- accent : Desiderative sisvariṣati-, susvūrṣati- grammar : Intensive sāsvaryate-, sāsvarti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin susurrus; German schwirren,Schwarm; English swarm.] |
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| syand | (or syad-;often confounded with spand-) cl.1 A1. () sy/andate- (Epic and mc. also ti-; perfect tense siṣy/anda-, siṣyad/uḥ- ; sasyande-, dire- grammar; Aorist 2. 3. sg. -asyān- ; asyandiṣṭa-, asyantta-, asyadat- grammar; future syanttā-, syanditā- ; syantsy/ati- ; syandiṣyate-, syantsyate- grammar; infinitive mood sy/ade- ; sy/anttum- ; ind.p. syanttv/ā-, syattv/ā-, -syadya- ; syanditvā- grammar), to move or flow on rapidly, flow, stream, run, drive (in a carriage), rush, hasten, speed etc. ; to discharge liquid, trickle, ooze, drip, sprinkle, pour forth (accusative) etc. ; to issue from (ablative) : Causal syandayati- (Aorist /asiṣyadat-;Ved. infinitive mood syandayādhyai-), to stream, flow, run etc. ; to cause to flow or run : Desiderative sisyandiṣate-, sisyantsate-, sisyantsati- grammar : Intensive See acchā-syand-, under 3. accha-, and next. |
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| śyāvadat | mfn. (śyāv/a-- etc.) having dark or discoloured teeth (according to to some "having a little tooth growing over the two front teeth") . |
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| tan | cl.8 P. A1. n/oti-, nut/e- (3. plural nv/ate-[ /ā--and vi-tanvat/e- ] ; imperative nu-[ /ava-and v/i-tanuhi- ; see Va1rtt. 1 ] ; nuṣva- ; subjunctive 2. sg. nuthās-, ;1. dual number navāvahai-, ; imperfect tense 3. plural /atanvata-, ; perfect tense P. tat/āna-,once tāt- ;2. sg. tat/antha-[ ],class. tenitha-[ ]; A1.1. 2. 3. sg. [ /ā--] tatane-, [abh/i-]tatniṣe-, [v/i-]tatne- ;3. sg. irregular tate-, ;3. plural tatnir/e-[ v/i-- ] or ten-[ (vi--)etc.; see ]; Aorist P. /atan- ; [/ā-]atān-, ; ;[ p/ari--, v/i--] atanat- ; [anv-/ā]atāṃsīt- ; atānīt- ; tat/anat-, [abh/i-]t/anāma-, t/anan- ;2. plural ataniṣṭa- ;3. dual number atāniṣṭām- ; A1. atata-or ataniṣṭa-, atathās-or ataniṣṭhās- ;3. plural /atnata- ; tat/ananta-, ;1. sg. atasi- plural ataṃsmahi- ; future 2nd taṃsy/ate- ; future 1st [vi-]tāyitā- ; parasmE-pada proper tanv/at-, vān/a-; perfect tense tatanv/as-; ind.p. tatvā-, tv/āya-, -t/atya- ;[ vi--] tāya- ; infinitive mood tantum- ; Passive voice tāy/ate- [ parasmE-pada y/amāna-] etc.; tanyate- ; Aorist atāyi- ) to extend, spread, be diffused (as light) over, shine, extend towards, reach to etc. ; to be protracted, continue, endure ; to stretch (a cord), extend or bend (a bow), spread, spin out, weave etc. ; to emboss ; to prepare (a way for) ; to direct (one's way, gatim-) towards ; to propagate (one's self or one's family, tanūs-, tantum-) ; to (spread id est to) speak (words) ; to protract ; to put forth, show, manifest, display, augment etc. (Passive voice to be put forth or extended, increase ) ; to accomplish, perform (a ceremony) etc. ; to sacrifice ; to compose (a literary work) ; to render (any one thirsty, double accusative) : Desiderative titaniṣati-, taṃsati-, tāṃs- : Intensive tantanyate-, tantanīti-, ; ([ see , etc.]) |
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| tanu | mf(us-, /ūs-, vī-)n. (said of a speech or hymn) accomplished (in metre) (accusative f. nv/am-) |
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| tanū | f. (of n/u- q.v; accusative nv/am- etc. ; nuvam-[ vArttika ] ;instr, nuvā-, ; genitive case ablative nv/as- etc.; locative case nv/i-& nv/ī- ; nv/ām- etc.; dual number n/ū-[ ], nv/ā-[ ], n/uvau-[ ], nvau-[see gharma--]; plural Nominal verb & accusative nv/as- etc. ; Nominal verb n/uvas- ) the body, person, self (often used like a reflexive noon.; see ātm/an-) etc. |
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| tasthivas | mfn. (perfect tense parasmE-pada of1. sthā-; Nominal verb v/ān-, th/uṣī-, v/at-) one who has stood, standing, remaining, continuing in, being on or in (locative case) |
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| taṣṭṛ | m. viśva-karman- (see tv/aṣṭṛ-) |
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| taurvaśa | m. (fr. turv/aśa-) a kind of horse |
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| tāvaka | mf(ī-)n. (fr. t/ava-[gen. of 1. tv/a-] ) thy, thine |
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| tavas | mfn. ( tu-) strong, energetic, courageous (Comparative degree v/as-tara-[ see t/avīyas-], superl. v/as-tama-,190, 5; ii, 33, 3) |
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| tavas | m. see pr/a--, sv/a--. |
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| tavīyas | mfn. Comparative degree of v/as-, stronger (tav/asas t/avīyān-,"stronger than the strong") . |
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| tiras | ind. so as to pass by, apart from, without, against (accusative) (r/as citt/ani-,"without the knowledge" ; r/o v/aśam-,"against the will" ) |
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| tiryañc | mfn. (fr. tir/as-+ añ- ; Nominal verb m. ry/aṅ- n. ry/ak- f. r/aścī-,also ryañcī- ) going or lying crosswise or transversely or obliquely, oblique, transverse (opposed to anv-/añc-), horizontal (opposed to ūrdhv/a-) etc. |
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| tṝ | cl.1 P. (rarely A1.) t/arati- (subjunctive t/arat- imperfect tense /atarat-, parasmE-pada t/arat- infinitive mood tar/adhyai-, rīṣ/ani- ) cl.5. tarute- (; Potential 1. plural turyāma-, ) cl.3. titarti- (; parasmE-pada Nominal verb plural t/itratas- ; Potential tutury/āt-, ) , with prepositions Vedic or Veda chiefly cl.6 P. A1. (tir/ate- subjunctive tirāti- imperfect tense /atirat-, parasmE-pada tir/at- infinitive mood t/iram-, t/ire- ; Aorist /atārīt-, ;1. plural riṣma- , rima- ; t/aruṣante- , ta-i, ṣema- [ confer, compare ]; A1.and Passive voice -tāri- ; P. atārṣīt- ; ṣam- ; perfect tense tatāra- etc.;3. plural titirur-, ; teritha-, ratur- ; parasmE-pada titirv/as- genitive case tatar/uṣas- ; future tariṣyati-, rīṣ-, taritā-, rītā-[ confer, compare pra-t/ar-] ; t/arutā- ; preceding tīryāt-, tariṣīṣṭa- ; infinitive mood tartum- ; rīt- rit- ; ind.p. tīrtv/ā- ; -t/ūrya-See vi--) to pass across or over, cross over (a river), sail across etc. ; to float, swim ; to get through, attain an end or aim, live through (a definite period), study to the end etc. ; to fulfil, accomplish, perform ; to surpass, overcome, subdue, escape etc. ; to acquire, gain, ; A1. to contend, compete ; to carry through or over, save, : Causal tārayati- (parasmE-pada r/ayat-) to carry or lead over or across etc. ; to cause to arrive at ; to rescue, save, liberate from (ablative) etc.: Desiderative titīrṣati- (also titariṣati-, rīṣ- ; parasmE-pada A1. titīrṣamāṇa- ) to wish to cross or reach by crossing : Intensive tartarīti- (2. dual number rīthas-; parasmE-pada genitive case t/arilratas-[ ];See also vi--; tātarti-, Scholiast or Commentator) to reach the end by passing or running or living through ; ([ confer, compare t/ara-, tir/as-, tīrṇ/a-; Latin termo,trans; Gothic thairh.]) |
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| trāsadasyava | m. patronymic fr. trasa-dasyu- (v/a-) |
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| trātṛ | m. a protector, defender, one who saves from (ablative or genitive case) (with dev/a-applied to bhaga- or savitṛ-) (indra-) |
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| tṛh | cl.7. (imperative tṛṇ/eḍhu-; subjunctive plural tṛṇ/ahān-; Aorist atṛham- ; atarhīt- ; atṛkṣat-, ; perfect tense tatarha- ; pr. p. Nominal verb m. tṛṃh/at- ; f. dual number hat/ī- ; ind.p. tṛḍhv/ā- Passive voice plural tṛhy/ante-, parasmE-pada hy/amāṇa- ; cl.6. tṛhati-, tṛṃh- ) to crush, bruise : Desiderative titṛkṣati-, titṛṃhiṣati- ; see vi-- ; t/arhaṇa-, tṛṃhaṇa-, tṛḍh/a-. |
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| tridhāman | n. equals -div/a- |
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| tridhātu | m. (scilicet puroḍ/āśa-) Name of an oblation ( tridhātutva -tv/a- n.abstr.) |
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| tridiva | n. (m. ) the 3rd or most sacred heaven, heaven (in general) (with genitive case div/as-) etc. |
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| triḥṣamṛddha | mfn. "well furnished with 3 things", only abstr. -tv/a- (also triḥsam- ) |
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| trikakud | mfn. having 3 peaks or points or horns (k/ud ev/a samān/ānām-[ kup sam- ]"thrice excelling one's equals") |
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| trināka | n. equals -div/a- |
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| triṇata | -ṇav/a-, etc. See tr/i-. |
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| trinavaha | n. plural (metrically for vāha- see triṇav/a-) 27 days |
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| tripiṣṭapa | n. (m. ) equals -div/a-, indra-'s heaven |
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| tripṛṣṭha | n. equals -div/a- |
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| tṛkṣas | for tv/akṣ- |
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| tṛṣ | cl.4. ṣyati- (parasmE-pada t/ṛṣyat- A1. ṣāṇ/a- perfect tense tātṛṣāṇ/a- [ tat-, ];3. plural tātṛṣ/ur-, ; Aorist subjunctive tṛṣat- ; ind.p. ṣṭv/ā-, ; ṣitvā-and tarṣitvā- ) to be thirsty, thirst, thirst for : Causal (Aorist 1. plural atītṛṣāma-) to cause to thirst, ; ([ confer, compare Gothic thars,thaursus;]) 2. |
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| tu | cl.2. (tauti- ; future 2nd totā-or tavitā- ) to have authority, be strong (perfect tense tūtāva- confer, compare ) ; to go ; to injure : Causal (Aorist tūtot-,2. sg. tos-) to make strong or efficient ; confer, compare ut--, saṃ-- ; tav/as-, etc., tīvr/a- ; [ Zend tav,"to be able"; Latin tumour,tueri,totus.] |
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| tu | but (also with ev/a-or v/ai-following) etc. |
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| tūrti | See viśv/a--. 1. |
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| turv | (see 1. tur-) cl.1 P. (2. sg. tūrvasi- dual number imperative vatam-; parasmE-pada t/ūrvat-) to overpower, excel (infinitive mood turv/aṇe-, ) ; to cause to overpower, help to victory, save, ; see pra--. |
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| turva | m. equals v/aśa-, |
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| turvaśa | m. Name of a hero and ancestor of the Aryan race (named with yadu-; dual number turv/aśā y/adū-," turva- and yadu-", ; plural turva-'s race) |
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| turyauhī | See rya-v/ah-. |
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| tuviṣ | for vis- equals tav/as-. |
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| tva | base of the 2nd personal pronoun : Nominal verb tv/am- accusative tv/ām- instrumental case tv/ayā- ([ and tv/ā- , also in compound See tv/ā-datta-, -dāta-, -vṛdha-etc.]) dative case t/ubhyam- ([& bhya- ]) ablative tv/at- or tv/ad- ([ and tvat-tas- etc.]) genitive case t/ava- locative case tv/e- ([ ; see gaRa cādi-]), tv/ayi- ([ etc.]) |
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| tvāca | mfn. relating to (tv/ac-) the skin |
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| tvadvivācana | (tv/ad--) mfn. having thee as an umpire |
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| tvadyoni | (tv/ad--) mfn. proceeding from thee |
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| tvag | = tv/ac-2. |
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| tvai | ind. see tv/āv/a-. |
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| tvak | in compound for 2. tv/ac-. |
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| tvakam | familiar diminutive for tv/am- (instrumental case tvayakā-) iv, 9. |
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| tvakatpitṛka | mfn. equals tv/at-pitṛ- |
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| tvakṣ | (= takṣ-and related to 2. tv/ac-) cl.1. kṣati-, to create, produce ; to pare ; to skin ; to cover ; ([ confer, compare pra-tvakṣāṇ/a-; Zend thwakhsh,, .]) |
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| tvaṅ | = tv/ac-2. |
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| tvar | cl.1. tv/arate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense tatvare- ; Aorist 2. plural atvaridhvam-, riḍhvam-, riddhvam- ; subjunctive 2. sg. tvariṣṭhās- ) to hurry, make haste, move with speed etc.: Causal tvarayati- (imperative r/aya-; Aorist atatvarat- ) to cause to hasten, quicken, urge forward (with accusative dative case or infinitive mood) etc. ; tvār-, to convert quickly into the state (bhāva- dative case) of ; see tur-. |
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| tvaṣṭṛ | m. "creator of living beings", the heavenly builder, Name of a god (called su-k/ṛt-, -pāṇ/i-, -g/abhasti-, -j/animan-, sv-/apas-, ap/asām ap/astama-, viśv/a-rūpa-etc. ;maker of divine implements, especially of indra-'s thunderbolt and teacher of the ṛbhu-s ;former of the bodies of men and animals, hence called"firstborn"and invoked for the sake of offspring, especially in the āprī- hymns etc. ;associated with the similar deities dhātṛ-, savitṛ-, prajā-pati-, pūṣan-, and surrounded by divine females[ gn/ās-, jan/ayas-, dev/ānām p/atnīs-; see tv/aṣṭā-v/arūtrī-]recipients of his generative energy ;supposed author of with the epithet garbha-pati- ;father of saraṇyū- [ su-reṇu- ; sva-reṇu- ]whose double twin-children by vivasvat- [or vāyu- ? ] are yamayamī- and the aśvin-s ;also father of tri-śiras- or viśvarūpa- ;overpowered by indra- who recovers the soma-[ ] concealed by him because indra- had killed his son viśva-rūpa- ;regent of the nakṣatra- citrā- ;of the 5th cycle of Jupiter ;of an eclipse ; tvaṣṭur ātithya-Name of a sāman- ) |
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| tvaṣṭṛmat | mfn. (tv/aṣ-) connected with or accompanied by tri-śiras- |
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| tvat | in compound for 2. tv/a-. |
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| tvat | (or tv/ad-) etc. See column 2. |
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| tvatpitṛ | (tv/at--) m(plural tāras-)fn. having thee as a father |
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| tvatprasūta | (tv/at--) mfn. instigated by thee |
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| tvattas | See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. tv/a-. |
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| tvāva | equals t/u v/āv/a- |
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| tvāyat | mfn. equals tv/āṃ-kāma- |
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| tvayata | (tv/a--) mfn. given by thee, . |
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| tyad | mfn. Nominal verb sy/a- (s-), sy/ā-, ty/ad-, (gaRa sarvādi-) that (often used like an article exempli gratia, 'for example' ty/at paṇīn/āṃ v/asu-,"that id est the wealth of the paṇi-s " ;sometimes strengthened by c/id-;often put after ut/a-,or after another demonstrative in the beginning of a sentence) (ty/asya- equals m/ama-, ; n. ty/am-for ty/ad-, [in the etymology of saty/am-] ) |
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| udvai | P. -v/āyati- (Aorist -avāsīt- ) to become weak or languish, faint, be extinguished, go out (as fire), die : Causal -v/āpayati-, to cause to extinguish or go out |
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| udvap | P. -v/apati-, (perfect tense 2. dual number -ūp/athus-and -ūpathus- ) to pour out, take out ; to scrape, dig up ; to throw away, destroy, annul : Causal -vāpayati-, to cause to pour out or away ; to cause to dig up |
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| udvṛj | P. (imperative 2. sg. -vṛṅgdhi-) to tear out, pluck out, root up (figuratively) : Intensive (parasmE-pada -v/arīvṛjat-) to stretch out, extend |
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| ukṣ | cl.1 P. A1. ukṣ/ati-, ukṣ/ate- (parasmE-pada /ukṣat- ukṣamāṇa- ; ukṣāṃ-cakāra-[ ;for vav/akṣa-etc.See vakṣ-]; /aukṣat-and /aukṣīt-, ukṣitum-) to sprinkle, moisten, wet etc. ; to sprinkle or scatter in small drops ; to emit ; to throw out, scatter (as sparks) etc. ; to emit seed (as a bull) ; to be strong : Causal A1. ukṣayate-, to strengthen ; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian Ukana: Hibernian or Irish uisg,uisge,"water, a river";uisgeach,"aquatic, watery, fluid, moist, pluvial:" Greek , : Latin u1veo(forugveo),Umor,etc.]) |
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| upahava | m. calling to, inviting, invitation, (upa-hav/am-iṣ-,to desire an invitation to [ locative case ], wish to be invited to exempli gratia, 'for example' t/asminn /indra upahav/am aicchata-, indra- wished to be invited to that [sacrifice] ) |
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| upahvṛ | A1. -hv/arate-, to approach by windings and turnings, reach an end after many deviations or errors |
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| upajīva | mfn. probably not very different in meaning from jīv/a- q.v |
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| ūrdhvagrāvan | mfn. (ūrdhv/a-) one who has raised the stone for pressing the soma- |
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| ūrdhvakṛśana | mfn. (ūrdhv/a-) (a beverage) whose pungent or strong part is on the surface (said of the soma-) |
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| urvarya | () and urv/arya- () mfn. belonging to a fertile soil etc. |
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| vā | cl.2 P. () v/āti- (perfect tense vavau- etc.; Aorist avāsīt- ; future vāsyati- ; infinitive mood vātum- ), to blow (as the wind) etc. ; to procure or bestow anything (accusative) by blowing ; to blow towards or upon (accusative) ; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume) ; to smell (trans.) (varia lectio) ; to hurt, injure : Causal vāpayati- See nir-vā- and confer, compare vājaya-: Desiderative vivāsati- See 1. van-. ([ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin ventus; Slavonic or Slavonian vejati; Gothic waian,winds; German wa7jan,woejen,wehen,Wind; Anglo-Saxon wa7wan; English wind.]) |
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| vābhi | See ūrṇa-v/ābhi-. |
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| vac | cl.2 P. () vakti- (occurs only in sg. vacmi-, vakṣi-, vakti-,and imperative vaktu-; Vedic or Veda also cl.3 P. v/ivakti-; perfect tense uv/āca-, ūj- etc.; uv/aktha- ; vavāca-, vavakṣ/e- ; Aorist avocat-, cata- etc.;in veda- also subjunctive vocati-, te-, vecāti-; Potential voc/et-, ceta-; imperative vocatu-; preceding ucyāsam- ; future vakt/ā- etc.; vakṣy/ati- etc.; te- ; Conditional avakṣyat- ; infinitive mood vāktum- etc.; tave- ; tos- ; ind.p. uktv/ā- etc.; -/ucya- ), to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describe (with accusative with or without prati- dative case or genitive case of Persian,and accusative of thing;often with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tam idaṃ vākyam uvāca-,"he spoke this speech to him";with double accusative also"to name, call"A1.with nom;"one's self";with punar-,"to speak again, repeat";or "to answer, reply") etc. ; to reproach, revile (accusative) : Passive voice ucy/ate- (Aorist avāci-,or in later language avoci-), to be spoken or said or told or uttered etc. etc. (yad ucyate-,"what the saying is") ; to resound ; to be called or accounted, be regarded as, pass for (Nominal verb also locative case) etc.: Causal vācayati-, te- (Potential vācayīta- ; Aorist avīvacat-; Passive voice vācyate-), to cause to say or speak or recite or pronounce (with, double accusative;often the object is to be supplied) etc. ; to cause anything written or printed to speak id est to read out loud etc. ; () to say, tell, declare ; to promise : Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- (Passive voice vivakṣyate-), to desire to say or speak or recite or proclaim or declare etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant : Intensive (only /avāvacīt-) to call or cry aloud [ confer, compare Greek for in, etc.; Latin vocare,vox; German gi-waht,gi-wahinnen,er-wähnen.] |
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| vacaḥ | in compound for v/acas-. |
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| vacoviparilopa | (v/aco--) m. loss of speech or of words |
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| vad | cl.1 P. A1. () v/adati-, te- (Epic mc. also vādati-; Potential udeyam- ; perfect tense uvāda- plural ūdim/a- ; ūde-etc. ; veditha-, dailuḥ-, duḥ- ; Aorist avādīt-, diṣuḥ- etc.; subjunctive vādiṣaḥ- ; avādiran- ; vadiṣma-, ṣihāḥ- ; preceding udyāt- ; future vadiṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/aditos- ; vaditum- etc.; ind.p. uditvā- ; -udya- ), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P.or A1.;with accusative of the thing said, and accusative [with or without abhi-]or genitive case,or locative case of the person addressed;also followed by yad-,"that", or by yadi-,"whether") etc. ; (P.) to praise, recommend ; to adjudge, adjudicate ; to indicate, designate ; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak etc. ; to allege, affirm ; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two accusative or accusative and Nominal verb with iti-) etc. ; (with or scilicet vācam-) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and 9.) etc. ; (A1.) to say, tell, speak to (accusative) etc. ; to mention, state, communicate, name ; to confer or dispute about ; to contend, quarrel ; to lay claim to (locative case) ; to be an authority, be eminent in (locative case) ; to triumph, exult : Passive voice udy/ate- (Aorist avādi-), to be said or spoken etc. : Causal vād/ayati- m.c. also te- (see ; Aorist avīvadat-; Passive voice vādyate-, Epic also ti-), to cause to speak or say ; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instrumental case,rarely locative case of the instrument) etc. ; to play music ; (with bahu-) to make much ado about one's self. ; to cause a musical instrument (accusative) to be played by (instrumental case) Va1rtt. 2 ; to speak, recite, rehearse : Desiderative vivadiṣati-, te-, to desire to speak, : Intensive v/āvadīti- ( ), vāvady/ate-, (), vāvatti- (grammar), to speak or sound aloud. [ confer, compare Lit.vadi4nti.] |
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| vaḍaba | m. (also written vaḍav/a-, baḍav/a-, baḍab/a-) a male horse resembling a mare (and therefore attracting the stallion) |
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| vaḍabā | f. (also written v/adavā-, b/aḍavā-, b/aḍabā-) a female horse, mare etc. |
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| vaḍava | v/aḍabā- See vaḍab/a-, v/aḍabā-. |
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| vadh | (also written badh-; confer, compare bādh-;properly only used in the Aorist and preceding tenses avadhīt-and dhiṣṭa-; vadhyāt-and vadhiṣīṣṭa- ;the other tenses being supplied by han-; confer, compare ;but in Vedic or Veda and Epic poetry also present tense vadhati-; Potential vadhet-; future vadhiṣyati-, te-;other Vedic or Veda forms are Aorist avadhīm-, v/ahīm- subjunctive vadhiṣaḥ-; badhīḥ- ; preceding badhyāsam-, suḥ- ), to strike, slay, kill, murder, defeat, destroy etc. etc.: Passive voice vadhyate-, ti- (Aorist avadhi-), to be slain or killed : Causal vadhayati-, to kill, slay [a. Greek .] |
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| vadhasna | m. or n. (only in instrumental case plural) equals v/adhar- |
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| vadhatra | mfn. (for 2. v/adhatra-See below) protecting from death or destruction |
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| vadhrivāc | (v/adhri--) mfn. speaking unmanly or useless words, idly talking |
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| vāghat | m. (prob. fr. a vāgh- equals vāh- equals vah-; see Vedic or Veda infinitive mood v/āhe-) the institutor of a sacrifice (according to to equals ṛtvij-,or medhāvin-). |
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| vāgjyotis | (v/āg--) mfn. receiving light or enlightenment by speech |
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| vāgvīrya | (v/āg--) mfn. vigorous in voice |
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| vah | cl.1 P. A1. () v/ahati-, te- (in later language A1.only mc.;Vedic forms which may partly belong to the Aorist are v/akṣi-, voḍham-, ḍh/ām-or voḷham-, ḷh/ām-, uhīta-, v/akṣva-, voḍhvam-, ūḍhvam-, /uhāna-; perfect tense uvāha-, ūh/uḥ-; ūh/e- etc.; vavāha-, hatuḥ- ; Aorist Ved. /avākṣīt-or /avāṭ- subjunctive v/akṣat-, ati-, preceding uhyāt-; avakṣi-, avoḍha- grammar; future voḍh/ā- ; vakṣy/ati-, te- etc.; vahiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood voḍhum- etc. etc. [Ved. also ḍhave-and ḍhavai-]; vāhe- ; v/ahadhyai- ; ind.p. ūḍhvā- ; -/uhya- etc.; confer, compare 1. ūh-), to carry, transport, convey (with instrumental case of vehicle) etc. ; to lead, conduct (especially offerings to the gods, said of agni-) ; to bear along (water, said of rivers) ; to draw (a car), guide (horses etc.) ; to lead towards, to bring, procure, bestow ; to cause, effect ; to offer (a sacrifice) ; to spread, diffuse (scent) ; to shed (tears) ; to carry away, carry off, rob etc. ; to lead home, take to wife, marry etc. ; to bear or carry on or with (Inc. or instrumental case) etc. ; to take or carry with or about one's self, have, possess ; to wear (clothes) ; (with śiras-) to bear one's head (uccaiś-tarām-,"high") ; (with vasuṃdharām-or kṣmā-maṇḍālam-) to support id est rule the earth ; (with garbham-) to be with child ; to bear, suffer, endure ; to forbear, forgive, pardon ; to undergo (with agnim-, viṣam-, tulām-,"the ordeal of fire, poison, and the balance") ; to experience, feel etc. ; to exhibit, show, betray ; to pay (a fine) ; to pass, spend (time) ; (intrans.) to drive, ride, go by or in (with instrumental case of the vehicle) , be borne or carried along, run, swim etc. etc. ; to draw (scilicet a carriage, said of a horse) ; to blow (as wind) ; to pass away, elapse : Passive voice uhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avāhi-), to be carried (uhyamāna-,"being carried") etc. ; to be drawn or borne by (instrumental case) or along or off etc. etc.: Causal vāhayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist avīvahat-; Passive voice vāhyate-), to cause to bear or carry or convey or draw (with two accusative Va1rtt. 6 ), drive (a chariot), guide or ride (a horse), propel (a boat), go or travel by any vehicle etc. ; to cause to guide (two accusative) ; to cause any one (accusative) to carry anything (accusative) on (locative case) ; to cause to take in marriage ; to cause to be conveyed by (instrumental case) ; to traverse (a road) ; to accomplish (a journey) ; to employ, keep going or in work ; to give, administer (See vāhita-) ; to take in, deceive (See idem or '1. 2. vasra-. See p.932, and column 1.'): Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive vanīvāhy/ate-, to carry hither and thither (confer, compare vanīv/āhana-and vanīvāhit/a-) ; vāvahīti-, to bear (a burden) ; vāvahyate-, vāvoḍhi- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for , ; Latin vehere,vehiculum; Slavonic or Slavonian vesti; Lithuanian ve4z3ti; Gothic gawigan; German wëgan,bewegen; English weigh.]) |
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| vahnitama | mfn. (v/ahni--) carrying or leading best |
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| vai | (originally identical with2. vā-) cl.1 P. () v/āyati-, to become languid or weary or exhausted (śoṣaṇe- ) ; to be deprived of (genitive case) ; P. and (Epic also A1.), to blow |
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| vai | ind. a particle of emphasis and affirmation, generally placed after a word and laying stress on it (it is usually translatable by"indeed","truly","certainly","verily","just" etc.;it is very rare in the ;more frequent in the , and very common in the brāhmaṇa-s and in works that imitate their style;in the sūtra-s it is less frequent and almost restricted to the combination yady u vai-;in manu- and the kāvya-s it mostly appears at the end of a line, and as a mere expletive. In it is frequently followed by u-in the combination v/ā u-[both particles are separated ];it is also preceded by u-and various other particles exempli gratia, 'for example' by /id-, /aha-, ut/a-;in the brāhmaṇa-s it often follows ha-, ha sma-, eva-;in later language api-and tu-.Accord. to some it is also a vocative particle). |
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| vāja | m. (fr. vaj-; see ugra-, uj-, ojas-etc.) strength, vigour, energy, spirit, speed (especially of a horse;also plural) ( vājebhis v/ājebhis- ind.mightily, greatly; see sahasā-) |
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| vājabastya | (v/āja--) varia lectio for -pastya- (vājenānnena janyam bastyam balaṃ tad-yogyaḥ- Scholiast or Commentator) |
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| vājabharman | (v/āja--) mfn. winning a prize or reward |
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| vājadraviṇas | (v/āja--) mfn. finding rich reward |
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| vājagandhya | (v/āja--) mfn. (prob.) forming or possessing a cart-load of goods or booty (see gadhā-and g/adhya-;others "whose gifts are to be seized or held fast") . |
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| vājajaṭhara | (v/āja--) mfn. containing food (in the interior) (equals havir-j- ) |
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| vājakarman | (v/āja--) mfn. (prob.) active in war (varia lectio for -bharman-). |
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| vājapastya | (v/āja--) mfn. possessing or bestowing a house full of wealth or treasure |
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| vājapati | (v/āja--) m. the lord of booty or reward (said of agni-) |
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| vājapatnī | (v/āja--) f. the queen of booty or treasure |
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| vājapeśas | (v/āja--) mfn. adorned with precious gifts |
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| vājaprasuta | (v/āja--) mfn. started for a race or impelled by courage |
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| vājaratna | mf(ā-)n. (v/āja--) rich in goods or treasure (as the ṛbhu-s) |
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| vājasāta | n. (v/āja--) the winning of a prize or of booty, battle, victory |
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| vājasāti | f. (v/āja--) the winning of a prize or of booty, battle, victory |
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| vājaśravas | mfn. (v/āja--) famous for wealth or steeds |
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| vājaśruta | (v/āja--) mfn. famous for swiftness |
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| vājavat | mfn. (v/āja--) consisting of a prize or of treasures, connected with them etc. |
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| vājivega | (v/āji--) mfn. having the swiftness of a horse |
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| vajrabāhu | mfn. (v/ajra--) "thunderbolt-armed", wielder of a thunderbolt (said of indra-, agni- and rudra-) |
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| vajradakṣiṇa | mfn. (v/ajra--) holding a thunderbolt in the right hand |
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| vajrahasta | mfn. (v/ajra--) "thunderbolt-handed", wielding a thunderbolt (said of indra-, agni-, the marut-s) |
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| vajravah | (or -v/āh-) m. wielding a thunderbolt |
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| vajravihata | (v/ajra--) mfn. struck by a thunderbolt or lightning |
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| vākpavitra | (v/āk--) mfn. having speech as a means of purifying |
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| vākpūta | (v/āk--) mfn. purified by speech |
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| vakṣ | (confer, compare 1. ukṣ-) cl.1 P. () vakṣati- (perfect tense vavakṣa- future vakṣitā-etc. grammar;really there occur only the perfect tense forms vav/akṣa-, vav/akṣitha-, vavakṣatuḥ-, vavakṣ/uḥ-, vavakṣ/e-, vavakṣire-), to grow, increase, be strong or powerful ; to be angry : Causal vakṣayati-, to make grow, cause to be strong [ confer, compare Greek , ; Lithuanian au4gti; Gothic wahsja,1; German wahsan,wachsen; Anglo-Saxon weaxan; English wax;See also under1. ukṣ-.] |
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| vaktave | Vedic or Veda infinitive mood of vac- (see above) ("v/aktu- mfn.speaking harshly, reviling") . |
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| vāku | See kṛka-v/āku- and ni-vāku-. |
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| vakva | v/akvan- See above. |
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| valg | cl.1 P. () v/algati- (metri causa also te- perfect tense vav/aiga- ; Aorist avalgīt- grammar; future valgitā-, giṣyati- ), to spring, bound, leap, dance (also of inanimate objects) etc. ; to sound (varia lectio) ; (A1.) to take food, eat, (vavāgire- varia lectio vavalihire-). |
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| valka | m. n. (prob. connected with v/a-"to cover";for 1.See above)"covering" , the bark of a tree etc. |
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| vam | cl.1 P. () vamati- (Ved. also v/amiti- imperfect tense avamat-or avamīt-; perfect tense vavāma- vemuḥ- etc.; vavamuḥ- ;2. sg. vemitha-or vavamitha- ;3. sg. uvāma- ; Aorist avān- ; future vamiśā-, vamiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood vamitum- ; ind.p. vamitvā- ; vāntvā- ), to vomit, spit out, eject (literally and figuratively), emit, send forth, give out etc. ; to reject id est repent (a word) : Passive voice vamyate- (Aorist avāmi- grammar), to be vomited etc.: Causal vāmayati-, vamayati- (confer, compare ; Aorist avīvamat- grammar), to cause to vomit : Desiderative vivamiṣati- grammar : Intensive vaṃvamyate-, vaṃvanti- [ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin vomere; Lithuanian ve4mti.] |
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| vām | (encl.) accusative dative case genitive case dual number of 2nd Persian pronoun (see ) etc. etc. (the accented v/ām-in is thought to be equals āvām- Nominal verb dual number of 1st Persian pronoun) |
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| vāmabhṛt | f. a kind of brick ( vāmabhṛttva -tv/a- n.) |
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| van | cl.1 P. () v/anati- (Vedic or Veda also te-,and van/ati-) ; cl.8 P. A1. () van/oti-, vanut/e- (perfect tense vāv/āna-, vāv/antha-, vavanm/a-, vavn/e-; parasmE-pada vavanv/as- ; Aorist vanta-, v/aṃsva- ; vaṃsat-, sate- ; vaniṣat- ; ṣanta- ; vanuṣanta-, ; Potential vaṃsīmahi-, vasīmahi- ; preceding vaniṣīṣṭa- vaṃsiṣīya- ; future vaniśā- grammar; vaniṣyate-, ; infinitive mood vanitum- grammar; -vantave- ), to like, love, wish, desire ; to gain, acquire, procure (for one's self or others) ; to conquer, win, become master of, possess ; to prepare, make ready for, aim at, attack ; to hurt, injure ( also"to sound";"to serve, honour, worship, help, aid") : Causal vanayati- or vānayati- ; varia lectio (confer, compare saṃ-van-): Desiderative v/ivāsati-, te-, to attract, seek to win over : Intensive (only vāv/anaḥ-and vāvandh/i-;but confer, compare vanīvan-) to love, like [ confer, compare Latin venia,Venus; Got.gawinnan; German gewinnen; English win.] |
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| van | equals v/ana- (only in genitive case and locative case plural van/ām- v/aṃsu-),"wood"or,"a wooden vessel" |
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| vañc | (see 2. vak-) cl.1 P. () v/añcati- (grammar also perfect tense vavañca-; future vañc/ita- ciṣyati-; Aorist avañcīt-; preceding vacyāt-; infinitive mood vañc/itum-; ind.p. vañcitvā-, vacitvā-,or vaktvā-), to move to and fro, go crookedly, totter, stagger, waver ; to go, go to, arrive at (accusative) ; to go slyly or secretly, sneak along ; to pass over, wander over, go astray : Passive voice vacy/ate-, to move or rock to and fro, hurry along, speed ; to be moved (in the heart), be poured forth, issue forth (as hymns or prayers) : Causal vañcayati-, te- (Aorist avavañcat-), to move or go away from, avoid, shun, escape (mostly P.and with accusative) etc. ; to cause to go astray, deceive, cheat, defraud of (instrumental case or ablative;in these senses more properly A1.,but sometimes also P.; Passive voice vañcyate-) : Desiderative vivañciṣate- grammar : Intensive vanīvacyate-, vanīvañcīti- |
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| vand | (see vad-) cl.1 A1. () v/andate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense vavanda-, de- etc.; preceding vandiṣīm/ahi- ; future vanditā-, vandiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood vanditum- etc.; vandādhyai- ; ind.p. vanditvā-vandya- etc.) , to praise, celebrate, laud, extol ; to show honour, do homage, salute respectfully or deferentially, venerate, worship, adore etc. ; to offer anything (accusative) respectfully to (dative case) : Passive voice vandyate- (Aorist avandi-, vandi-), to be praised or venerated etc. etc. Causal vandayati- (aor. avavandat- data-), to show honour to any one, greet respectfully : Desiderative See vivandiṣu-. |
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| vandadvāra | wrong reading for v/ande dār/um- |
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| vani | m. fire (v/ani- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') procuring, bestowing (see rāyas-poṣa-v-and ) . |
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| vantṛ | m. an enjoyer, owner, possessor (with genitive case) (see v/anitri-). |
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| vap | cl.1 P. A1. v/apati-, te- (only present tense stem and ind.p. uplvā-, -upya-), to shear, shave (A1."one's self") , cut off ; to crop (herbage), mow, cut (grass), graze : Causal vāpayati-, te- (Potential vāpayīta- ), to cause (A1."one's self") to be shorn |
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| vap | cl.1 P. A1. () v/apati-, te- (Potential upet- ; perfect tense uvāpa-, ūp/uḥ-; ūpe- etc.; vavāpa- ; -vepe- on ; Aorist avāpsīt- etc.; avapta- grammar; Potential upyāt- ; future vaptā- ; vapsy/ati- ; vapiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood vaptum- grammar; ind.p. uptvā- ; -/upya- etc.), to strew, scatter (especially seed) , sow, bestrew etc. ; to throw, cast (dice) ; to procreate, beget (See vapus-and 2. vaptṛ-) ; to throw or heap up, dam up : Passive voice upy/ate- (Aorist vāpi- ), to be strewn or sown etc. etc.: Causal vāpayati- (Aorist avlvapat- grammar) to sow, plant, put in the ground : Desiderative vivapsati-, te- grammar : Intensive vāvapyate-, vāvapti- |
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| vapus | n. form, figure, (especially) a beautiful form or figure, wonderful appearance, beauty ( vapuṣe puṣe- ind.for beauty; v/apur dṛś/aye-,a wonder to see) etc. |
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| vapuṣṭara | (v/apuṣ--or vap/uṣ--) mfn. more or most beautiful or wonderful (v/apuṣo vapuṣṭara-,most wonderful of all) |
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| vara | m. (fr.1. vṛ-),"environing","enclosing", circumference, space, room (v/ara /ā pṛthivy/āḥ-,on the wide earth) |
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| vara | mf(ā-)n. (v/ara-) "select", choicest, valuable, precious, best, most excellent or eminent among (genitive case locative case ablative,or compound) or for (genitive case) etc. |
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| vara | m. boon, gift, reward, benefit, blessing, favour (v/arāya-, v/aram /ā-, pr/ati v/aram-or v/araṃ varam-,"according to wish, to one's heart's content"; mad-varāt-,"in consequence of the boon granted by me"; v/araṃ-vṛ-,"to choose a boon"; varaṃ-yāc-or ā-kāṅkṣ-or brū-or Causal of pra-arth-,"to prefer a request"; v/araṃdā-,"to grant a boon or blessing"; varam pra-dā-or pra-yam- idem or 'm. (rarely n.; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) "act or object of choosing", election, wish, request'; varaṃ-labh-,"to receive a boon or reward") etc. |
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| varam | ind. (am-) (gaRa svar-ādi-) preferably, rather, better (also = preferable, sometimes with ablative which in veda- is often followed by ā- exempli gratia, 'for example' agn/ibhyo v/aram-,"better than fires" ; s/akkibhya /ā v/aram-,"better than companions" ;exceptionally with accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' śiṣyaiḥ śata-hutān homān-, ekaḥ putra-kut varam-,"better one sacrifice offered by a son than a hundred offered by disciples" ) etc. |
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| vāravat | (v/āra--) mfn. long-tailed (as a horse) |
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| varcasvat | mfn. (v/arcas-.) vigorous, fresh |
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| vardhravyuta | (v/a-) mfn. intertwisted with bands or thongs |
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| vareṇ | v/areṇya-, vareya- etc. See column 1. |
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| varīman | v/arīyas-. See . |
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| varitṛ | varim/an-, v/ariṣṭha-. See . |
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| varīvarda | equals baliv/arda- (See under balivarda-). |
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| vārṣagaṇa | m. (v/ārṣa--,fr. vṛṣagaṇa-) patronymic of asita- |
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| vārṣagaṇīputra | (v/ārṣa--) m. Name of a preceptor |
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| varṣiṣṭhakṣatra | (v/a-) mfn. having the greatest power or might |
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| varṣma | n. body, form equals v/arṣman- |
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| varṣman | n. (v/arihman-) height, top, surface, uttermost part etc. |
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| vārtraghna | mf(ī-)n. (v/ārtra--) (fr. -vṛtra-han-) relating or belonging to the slayer of vṛtra- id est indra- (n. with havis-,an oblation for victory) |
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| vārtrahatya | mfn. (v/ārtra--) (fr. vṛtra-hatya-) fit for slaying vṛtra- |
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| vartu | See tri-v/artu- (for 1. vartu-See) . |
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| varuṇagṛhapati | (v/a-) mfn. having varuṇa- for a house-lord (id est giving varuṇa- precedence at a great sacrifice) |
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| varuṇagṛhīta | (v/a-) mfn. seized by varuṇa-, afflicted with disease (especially dropsy;See under varuṇa-) |
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| varuṇajyeṣṭha | (v/a-) m. plural having varuṇa- for chief. |
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| varuṇapraśiṣṭa | (v/a-) mfn. ruled over or guided by varuṇa- |
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| varuṇarājan | (v/a-) mfn. having varuṇa- as king |
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| varuṇaśeṣas | (v/a-). mfn. having descendants capable of protecting (;others "being varuṇa-'s posterity id est sinless") . |
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| varuṇatejas | (v/a-) mfn. one whose vital power is varuṇa- id est water |
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| varūtri | v/arūtha- etc. See . |
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| vāryavṛta | (v/ārya--) mfn. received as a boon (see vara-vṛta-and v/āre-vṛta-). |
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| vaś | cl.2 P. () v/aṣṭi-, (1. plural uśm/asi-,or śmasi- ;3. plural uś/anti- ; parasmE-pada uś/at-, uśān/a-and uś/amāna- ; cl.1. v/aśati-and cl.3. vivaṣṭi-[also vav/aṣṭi-],2. sg. vav/akṣi- ; perfect tense vāvaś/uḥ-, śe-; parasmE-pada śān/a- ; uvāśa-, ūśuḥ- grammar; Aorist avāśīt- ;2. sg. vaśīh- preceding uśyāt- grammar; future vaśitā-, śiṣyati- ), to will, command (parasmE-pada uś/amāna-,"having at command") ; to desire, wish, long for, be fond of, like (also with infinitive mood) etc. etc. (parasmE-pada uś/at-and uśān/a-,"willing, glad, eager, zealous, obedient";the former with superl. uśat-tama-,also = charming, lovely [accord. to Scholiast or Commentator also equals śuddha-, dedīpyamāna-,and sv-arcita-]) ; to aver, maintain, affirm, declare for (two accusative) : Causal vāśayati- (Aorist avīvaśat-), to cause to desire etc. ; to get in one's power, subject : Desiderative vivaśiṣati- grammar Intensive vāvaśyate-, vāvaśīti-, or vāvaṣṭi- ; parasmE-pada vāvaśān/a-,"willing, eager" [ confer, compare Greek , for,"willing."] |
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| vas | (a Vedic root connected with1. uṣ- q.v;not in ) cl.6 P., ucch/ati- (perfect tense uv/āsa-, ūṣ/uḥ- etc.; Aorist avāt-[?] ; avasran- ; Conditional avatsyat- ;Ved. infinitive mood v/astave-, -/uṣi-), to shine, grow bright (especially applied to the dawn) ; to bestow by shining upon (dative case) ; (with dūr/e-) to drive away by shining : Causal vās/ayati-, to cause to shine [ confer, compare vasar-in vasar-han-; Greek for ; Latin ve1retc.] |
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| vas | cl.10 P. vāsayati- (Aorist avīvasat-), to love ; to cut off ; to accept, take ; to offer ; to kill (ni-vāsita-,killed) (only with preposition;See pari-vas-;but according to to some the imperative vasiṣva-[ ] and uṣa-,"a lover"[ ], and v/asiṣṭha-[ ] belong also to this root, which has developed an obscene meaning = Greek , futuere) . |
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| vas | cl.2 A1. () v/aste- (imperative vasiṣva- ; vaddhvam- ; parasmE-pada v/asāna-,once usān/a-and us/amāna- ; perfect tense vavase- ; vāvase-, parasmE-pada sān/a- ; Aorist avasiṣṭa- ; future vasitā- grammar; vasiṣyate- ; vatsyati- ; infinitive mood vasitum- ; ind.p. vasitvā- ; -vasya- ), to put on, invest, wear, (clothes etc.) , assume (a form etc.) , enter into etc. etc.: Causal vās/ayati-, te- (Passive voice vāsyate-), to cause or allow to put on or wear (clothes) , clothe (A1."one's self") with (instrumental case) : Desiderative vivasiṣate- grammar : Intensive vāvasyate-, vāvasti- [ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin vestis; Gothic wasjan; Anglo-Saxon werian; English wear.] |
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| vas | cl.1 P. () v/asati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense uvāsa-, ūṣuḥ- etc.; parasmE-pada vāvasāna- ; -vāsāṃ cakre- ; Aorist avātsīt- ; avāksam- [where it is artificially connected with vāc-]; avāstam- ; future vastā- grammar; vatsyati-, te- etc.; vasiṣyati- ; infinitive mood vastum-, vasitum- etc.; ind.p. uṣitv/ā- ; uṣṭvā- ; -/uṣya- etc.), to dwell, live, stop (at a place), stay (especially "overnight" , with or without rātrim-or rātrīs-) etc. ; to remain, abide with or in (with locative case of Persian; locative case or accusative of place, especially with vāsam-or vasatim-) etc. ; to remain or keep on or continue in any condition (with a pp., exempli gratia, 'for example' with channa-,"to continue to be covered" ;or with an accusative,with brahmacaryam-,"to practise chastity" ;or with an adverb exempli gratia, 'for example' with sukham-,"to live pleasantly or at ease";with or without dūratas-,"to keep aloof") etc. ; to have sexual intercourse with (locative case) ; to rest upon (locative case) ; to charge or entrust with (instrumental case) ; cl.10 P. vasayati-, to dwell : Passive voice uṣyate- (Aorist avāsi-), to be dwelt etc. etc.: Causal vās/ayati-, te- (confer, compare ; Aorist avīvasat- : Passive voice vāsy/ate- , ti- ), to cause to halt or stay (overnight), lodge, receive hospitably or as a guest etc. ; to cause to have sexual intercourse with (locative case) ; to let anything stand overnight (with tisro-, scilicet ratrīs-,"three nights") ; to cause to wait, keep in suspense ; to delay, retard ; to cause to exist, preserve ; to cause to be inhabited, populate (a country) ; to put in, place upon (locative case) (anadhyāyam mukhe-,to put restraint on the mouth, refrain from speaking) ; to produce : Desiderative vivatsati-, to wish to dwell : Intensive vāvasyate-, vāvasti-, to remain, be in, be engaged in [ confer, compare Gothic wisan; German wësan,ge-wesen,waretc.; Anglo-Saxon wësan; English was,were.] |
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| vas | (only in genitive case v/asām-), prob. either"an abode"or"a dweller" |
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| vas | (only vasiṣva-,[ anu-] -vāvase-, vāvasān/a-,and v/astos-), to rush or aim at, attack (see under3 vas-) ; (?); . |
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| vāś | cl.4 A1. () vāśyate- (Epic also vāśyati-,Ved. and Epic also v/āśati-, te-; perfect tense vavāśe-, śire-;in also vāvaśre-and p. vāvaśān/a-; Aorist avāśiṣṭa- ; future vāśitā-, vāśiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood vāśitum- ; ind.p. vāśitvā-, -vāśya- ), to roar, howl, bellow, bleat, low (as a cow), cry, shriek, sing (like a bird), sound, resound etc. etc.: Causal vāśayati- (Aorist avavāśat-,in also avīvaśat-, /avīvaśanta-), to cause to roar or low or resound or thunder ; (A1.) to roar or sound aloud : Desiderative vivāśiṣate- grammar : Intensive vāvāśyate- (varia lectio rārāśyate- ), vāvaṣṭi- (imperfect tense Aorist /avāvaśanta-, vāvaśanta-, avāvaśītām-; parasmE-pada v/āvaśat-), to roar or scream or sound aloud ([ vāś-is sometimes wrongly written vās-.]) |
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| vaśa | m. will, wish, desire etc. etc. (also plural v/aśān /anu-or /anu v/aśa-,"according to wish or will, at pleasure") |
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| vaṣaṭkṛta | (v/aṣaṭ--) mfn. offered in fire with vaṣaṭ- |
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| vaṣaṭkṛti | (v/aṣaṭ--) f. equals -kāra- (ind. ) . |
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| vasavāna | m. (fr. 1. vasu-) a possessor or preserver of wealth (also with v/avas-) |
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| vaśī | f. in urv/aśī- q.v |
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| vāśīmat | (v/āśī--) mfn. having a sharp knife, armed with an axe |
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| vasiṣṭha | mfn. (superl. fr. 1. v/asu-; see v/asīyas-and under3. vas-) most excellent, best, richest |
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| vasiṣṭhayajña | (v/a-) m. Name of a particular sacrifice |
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| vasīyas | mfn. (Comparative degree of 1. v/asu-; see vasiṣṭha-and vasyas-) more wealthy or opulent, more excellent, better than, (ablative) |
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| vasordhārā | See column 1 under 1. v/asu-. |
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| vasoṣpati | See column 1 under 1. v/asu-. |
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| vastu | f. (for 2.See) becoming light, dawning, morning (genitive case v/astoḥ-,in the morning; v/astor vastoḥ-,every morning; v/astor asy/āḥ-,this morning; pr/ati v/astoḥ-,towards morning; dative case v/astave-See under2. vas-). |
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| vasu | n. (in veda- genitive case v/asos-, v/asvas-and v/asunas-;also plural,exceptionally m.) wealth, goods, riches, property etc. ( vasoṣpati soṣ-pati- m.prob."the god of wealth or property" [ asoṣ-p-,"the god of life"]; vasordhārā sor-dh/ārā- f."stream of wealth", Name of a particular libation of ghṛta- at the agni-cayana- etc.;of the wife of agni- ;of the heavenly gaṅgā- ;of sacred bathing-place ;of a kind of vessel ; vasordhārāprayoga sor-dh/ārā-prayoga- m.Name of work) |
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| vasudāvan | mfn. (also with genitive case v/asoḥ-) equals -d/ā- |
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| vasudhiti | mfn. (v/asu--) possessing wealth, bestowing wealth |
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| vasumadgaṇa | mfn. (v/a-) having or attracting the troop consisting of the vasu-s (said of soma-) |
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| vasumat | mfn. (v/asu--) having or possessing or containing treasures, wealthy, rich (-tara-, Comparative degree) etc. |
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| vasunīti | (v/asu--) mfn. bringing wealth |
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| vasupati | m. (v/asu--) lord of wealth or of good things (also with v/asūnām-;Name of agni-, indra-, savitṛ- and kubera-) |
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| vasupatnī | f. (said of the cow) mistress of wealth (also with v/asūnām-) |
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| vasurocis | m. (v/asu--) Name of a man |
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| vasuruci | (v/asu--) m. Name of a gandharva- |
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| vasuśravas | mfn. (v/asu--) (perhaps) famous for wealth (or"flowing-with wealth") |
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| vasutti | (v/asu--) f. (for -datti-; see bhaga-tti-, maghatti-) the granting of wealth, enrichment |
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| vasuvan | mfn. equals -v/ani- (with vasu-dh/eyasya-) |
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| vasuvat | (v/asu--) mfn. united with the vasu-s (said of agni-) |
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| vasyas | mfn. equals v/asīyas-, better, more excellent or glorious, wealthier or richer than (ablative) |
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| vātabhrajas | (v/āta--) mfn. (prob.) wrong reading for v/āta-dhrajas-, following the course of the wind |
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| vātacodita | (v/āta--) mfn. driven by the wind |
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| vātagopa | (v/āta--) mfn. having the wind for a guardian |
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| vātajūta | (v/āta--) mfn. wind-driven, swift as wind |
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| vātapatnī | (v/āta--) m. the Wind's wife |
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| vātapramī | mfn. (v/āta--) outstripping the wind |
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| vātaraṃhas | (v/āta--) mfn. fleet as wind |
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| vātaraśana | mfn. (v/āta--) wind-girt, having (only) air for a girdle (said of muni-s and ṛṣi-s) |
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| vātasvana | mfn. (v/āta--) sounding like wind (also nas-) |
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| vātatejas | (v/āta--) mfn. strong as wind |
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| vātatviṣ | (v/āta--) mfn. impetuous as wind (said of the marut-s) |
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| vātsīmāṇḍavīputra | (v/ātsī--) m. Name of a preceptor |
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| vauk | Nominal verb sg. for v/āk- (fr. v/āc-) |
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| vāva | ind. (a particle laying stress on the word preceding it, especially in relative clauses;also ha v/āv/a-, ha-[ kh/alu-] v/āv/a-, u ha vāva-, ha tv/āv/a-[q.v.]) just, indeed, even (in only from book vi) |
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| vāvāta | mfn. ( vav/āta-;fr. van-) beloved, dear |
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| vayasa | m. = v/ayas-2, a bird |
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| vayovidha | mfn. (vayo-for 2. v/ayas-) of the kind or nature of birds |
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| ve | (see ūy-) cl.1 P. A1. () v/ayati-, te- (perfect tense parasmE-pada vavau-or uvāya-;2. sg. uvayitha- grammar;3. plural vavuḥ- ; ūvuḥ- ; ūyuḥ- ; A1. vave-, ūve-, ūye- grammar; Aorist avāsīt-, avāsta- grammar; preceding ūyāt-, vāsīṣṭa- ; future vātā- ; vāsyati-, te- ; vayiṣy/ati- ; infinitive mood /otum-, /otave-, /otav/ai- ; v/ātave- ), to weave, interweave, braid, plait (figuratively to string or join together artificially, make, compose exempli gratia, 'for example' speeches, hymns) etc. ; to make into a cover, into a web or web-like covering, overspread as with a web (said of a cloud-like mass of arrows filling the air) : Passive voice ūyate- (Aorist avāyi-) grammar : Causal vāyayati- : Desiderative vivāsati-, te- : Intensive vāvāyate-, vāveti-, vāvāti- |
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| vi | m. (Nominal verb v/is-or v/es- accusative v/im- genitive case ablative v/es-; plural Nominal verb accusative v/ayas-[acc. vīn- ]; v/ibhis-, v/ibhyas-, vīn/ām-) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the marut-s) (also occurring in later language).[ confer, compare 1. v/ayas-; Greek for ; Latin a-vis; according to tosome German Ei; Anglo-Saxon ae4g; English egg.] |
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| vic | (confer, compare vij-) cl.7 P. A1. () vin/akti-, viṅkte- (2. sg. vivekṣi- ; perfect tense viveca- , parasmE-pada vivikv/as- Aorist avaikṣīt- grammar; future vektā-, vekṣyati- ; infinitive mood vektum- ; indeclinable -vicya-. -vecam- ), to sift, separate (especially grain from chaff by winnowing) ; to separate from, deprive of (instrumental case) ; to discriminate, discern, judge : Passive voice vicy/ate- (Aorist aveci-) etc.: Causal -vecayati- (Aorist avīvicat-) See vi-vic-: Desiderative vivikṣati- grammar : Intensive (or cl.3. See ) vevekti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin vicesetc.] |
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| vid | cl.2 P. () vetti- (vidmahe- ; vedati-, te- ; vid/ati-, te- etc.; vindati-, te- etc.; imperative vidāṃ-karotu- [ confer, compare ];1. sg. imperfect tense avedam-,2. sg. avet-or aves-[ ] etc.;3. plural avidus- [ confer, compare ]; avidan- etc.; perfect tense v/eda-[often substituted for proper vetti- confer, compare ], 3. plural vid/us-or vidre- ; viveda- etc.; vidāṃcak/āra- etc.[ confer, compare ; according to to also vidām-babhūva-]; Aorist avedīt- ; vidām-akran- ; future vedit/ā- ; vettā- future vediṣyati-, te- ; vetsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/editum-, tos- ; vettum- etc.; ind.p. viditv/ā- etc.), to know, understand, perceive, learn, become or be acquainted with, be conscious of, have a correct notion of (with accusative,in older, language also with genitive case;with infinitive mood = to know how to) etc. (viddhi yathā-,"know that"; vidyāt-,"one should know","it should be understood"; ya evam veda-[in ],"who knows thus","who has this knowledge") ; to know or regard or consider as, take for, declare to be, call (especially in 3. plural vidus-,with two accusative or with accusative and Nominal verb with iti-, exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ sthaviraṃ viduḥ-,"they consider or call him aged"; rājarṣir iti māṃ viduḥ-,"they consider me a rājarṣi-") etc. ; to mind, notice, observe, remember (with genitive case or accusative) ; to experience, feel (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to wish to know, inquire about (accusative) : Causal ved/ayate- (rarely ti-; Aorist avīvidat-; Passive voice vedyate-), to make known, announce, report, tell etc. ; to teach, explain ; to recognize or regard as, take for (two accusative) etc. ; to feel, experience etc.: Desiderative of Causal in vivedayiṣu- q.v : Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, to wish to know or learn, inquire about (acc) : Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for , for equals veda-; Latin videre; Slavonic or Slavonian ve8de8ti; Gothic witan,wait; German wizzan,wissen; Anglo-Saxon wa7t; English wot.]) |
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| vid | (originally identical with1. vid-) cl.6 P. A1. () vind/ati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also vitt/e-, vid/e-; parasmE-pada vidān/a-or vidāna-[ q.v ]; Epic 3. plural vindate- Potential vindyāt-,often equals vidyāt-; perfect tense viv/eda-[3. plural vividus- subjunctive vividat-], vividv/as-,3. plural vividre-, vidr/e- etc.; parasmE-pada vividv/as- ; vividivas- ; Aorist /avidat-, data- [ Vedic or Veda subjunctive vid/āsi-, d/āt-; Potential vid/et-, deta- ;3. sg. videṣṭa- ]; A1.1. sg. avitsi- ; future vettā-, vediṣyati- grammar; vetsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood vid/e- ; vettum- etc.; v/ettave- ; ttavai-[?] and tos- ; ind.p. vittv/ā- ; -vidya- etc.) , to find, discover, meet or fall in with, obtain, get, acquire, partake of, possess etc. etc. (with diśas-,to find out the quarters of she sky ) ; to get or procure for (dative case) ; to seek out, look for, attend to etc. ; to feel, experience ; to consider as, take for (two accusative) ; to come upon, befall, seize, visit ; to contrive, accomplish, perform, effect, produce ; (A1. mc. also P.) to take to wife, marry (with or scilicet bhāryām-) etc. ; to find (a husband), marry (said of a woman) ; to obtain (a son, with or scilicet sutam-) : Passive voice or A1. vidy/ate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-pada vidyamāna-[ q.v ]; Aorist avedi-), to be found, exist, be etc. ; (especially in later language) vidyate-,"there is, there exists", often with na-,"there is not" ; with bhoktum-,"there is something to eat" ; followed by a future ,"is it possible that?" ; yathā-vid/e-,"as it happens" id est "as usual","as well as possible" : Causal vedayati-, to cause to find etc. : Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, te- grammar (see vivitsita-): Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti- (for parasmE-pada v/evidat-and dāna-See vi--and saṃvid-). |
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| vidhavā | f. (according to to some fr. vi-+ dhava-See 2. dhav/a-,p.513) a husbandless woman, widow (also with nārī-, yoṣit-, strī-etc.) etc. |
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| vidvan | mfn. equals vidv/as- |
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| vighana | m. Name of two ekāha-s ( vighanatva -tv/a- n. ) |
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| vimṛj | P. A1. -mārṣṭi-, -mṛṣṭe- (perfect tense Potential -māmṛjīta- ), to rub off or out, purify, cleanse ; to rub dry ; to rub on or in, anoint, smear with (instrumental case) ; to wipe off ; to rub, stroke, caress etc. ; A1. (with tanv/am-), to adorn or arm one's self |
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| vīravah | (strong form v/āh-) mfn. conveying men |
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| viś | cl.6 P. () viś/ati- (rarely, in later language mostly mc. also A1. viśate-; perfect tense viv/eśa-, viviśe- etc.[ viveśitha-, viveśuḥ- ; viviśyās- ; parasmE-pada -viśiv/as- ; viviśivas-or viviśvas- ; aviveśīs- ]; Aorist /aviśran-, /avikṣmahi-, veśīt- ; avikṣat- etc.; avikṣata- grammar; preceding viśyāt- ; future veṣṭā- ; vekṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood veṣṭum- etc.; veṣṭavai- ; viśam- ; ind.p. -viśya- etc.) , to enter, enter in or settle down on, go into (accusative locative case,or antar-with genitive case), pervade etc. etc. (with punar-or bhūyas-,to re-enter, return, come back) ; to be absorbed into (accusative) ; (in astronomy) to come into conjunction with (accusative) ; (with agnim-, jvalanam-etc.) to enter the fire id est ascend the funeral pyre etc. ; (with apas-) to sink or be immersed in the water ; to enter (a house etc.) ; to appear (on the stage) ; to go home or to rest ; to sit down upon (accusative or locative case) ; to resort or betake one's self to (agratas-, agre-,or accusative) ; to flow into (and, join with,; applied to rivers and armies) ; to flow or redound to, fall to the share of (accusative) etc. ; to occur to (as a thought, with accusative) ; to befall, come to (as death, with accusative) ; to belong to, exist for (locative case) ; to fall or get into any state or condition (accusative) ; to enter upon, undertake, begin ; to mind (any business), attend to (dative case) : Causal veś/ayati-, te- (Aorist avīviśat-; Passive voice veśyate-), to cause to enter into (accusative) ; to cause to sit down on (locative case) : Desiderative vivikṣati-, to wish to enter (accusative) ; (with agnim-or vahnim-) to wish to enter the fire id est to ascend the funeral pyre : Intensive veviśyate-, veveṣṭi-, grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin vicus; Lithuanian ve0sze8ti; Slavonic or Slavonian vi8si8; Gothic weihs; Anglo-Saxon wi7c; Germ,wi7ch,Weich-bild.]) |
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| viṣuva | m. or n. (see viṣuv/at-; accusative viṣuvam-or viṣvam- see 1. viṣu-above) the equinox |
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| viṣūvat | equals viṣuv/at- above. |
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| viṣuvatka | for v/at- (in a-viṣuvatka-,having no central day) |
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| viśva | m. plural (v/iśve-,with or scilicet dev/ās- see viśve-deva-,p.995)"all the gods collectively"or the"All-gods"(a particular class of gods, forming one of the 9 gaṇa-s enumerated under gaṇadevatā- q.v; according to to the viṣṇu- and other purāṇa-s they were sons of viśvā-, daughter of dakṣa-, and their names are as follow, 1. vasu-, 2. satya-, 3. kratu-, 4. dakṣa-, 5. kāla-, 6. kāma-, 7. dhṛti-, 8. kuru-, 9. purū-ravas-, 10. mādravas- [?];two others are added by some, viz. 11. rocaka- or locana-, 12. dhvani- [or dhūri-;or this may make 13]: they are particularly worshipped at śrāddha-s and at the vaiśvadeva- ceremony[ ];moreover according to to manu- [ ], offerings should be made to them daily - these privileges having been bestowed on them by brahmā- and the pitṛ-s, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the himālaya-: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ-refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above) etc. |
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| viśvabhānu | (viśv/a--) mfn. all-illumining |
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| viśvabharas | (vśv/a--) mfn. all-supporting, all-nourishing |
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| viśvabheṣaja | mf(ī-)n. (viśv/a--) containing all remedies, all-healing |
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| viśvabhojas | (viśv/a--) mfn. all-nourishing, granting all enjoyment |
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| viśvacarṣaṇi | (viśv/a--.) mfn. equals -kṛṣṭi- |
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| viśvadarśata | mfn. (viśv/a--) visible to all |
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| viśvadeva | mfn. (viśv/a--) all-divine |
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| viśvadevanetra | mfn. (viśv/a-deva--) led by the viśve- devāḥ- |
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| viśvadevavat | mfn. (viśv/a-deva--) united with all gods |
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| viśvadevya | mfn. (viśv/a--) relating or sacred or dear etc. to all gods |
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| viśvadhā | mfn. (viśv/a--.) (see viśv/adha-,p.994) all-preserving |
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| viśvadhāyas | (viśv/a--.) mfn. all-sustaining, all-nourishing |
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| viśvadhena | mf(ā-)n. (viśv/a--.) all-feeding |
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| viśvadohas | (viśv/a-) mfn. milking or yielding all things |
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| viśvadṛṣṭa | (viśv/a--) mfn. seen by all |
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| viśvagarbha | mf(ā-)n. (viśv/a--) bearing or containing all things |
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| viśvagotra | (viśv/a--) mfn. belonging to all families |
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| viśvagotrya | (viśv/a--) mfn. (perhaps) bringing all kinsmen together (said of a drum) |
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| viśvagūrta | (viśv/a--) mfn. approved by or welcome to everybody |
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| viśvāhā | ind. equals viśv/ahā-, at all times |
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| viśvajanman | (viśv/a-) mfn. of all or various kinds |
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| viśvajanya | mf(ā-)n. (viśv/a--) containing all men |
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| viśvajyotis | mfn. (viśv/a--) all-brilliant |
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| viśvakṛṣṭi | (viśv/a--) mfn. dwelling among all men, universally known, kind to all men |
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| viśvakṣiti | (viśv/a--) mfn. equals -kṛṣṭi- |
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| viśvamahas | (viśv/a--) mfn. "all-powerful"or"all pleasant" |
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| viśvamanas | mfn. (viśv/a--) perceiving everything |
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| viśvamanus | (vitv/a--) mfn. equals -kṛṣṭi- |
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| viśvamānuṣa | mfn. (viśv/a--) (prob.) known to all men (see viśv/a-manus-) |
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| viśvamitra | m. plural (prob.) equals viśv/ā-mitra- plural the family of viśvāmitra- |
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| viśvanāman | (viśv/a--) mf(mnī-)n. having all names |
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| viśvānara | mfn. (viśv/ā--) relating to or existing among or dear to all men (applied to savitṛ-, indra- etc.) |
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| viśvapeśas | (viśv/a--) mfn. containing all adornment |
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| viśvapsnya | mfn. (viśv/a--) (psnya-said to be for psanya-fr. psā-) either"having all forms"or"all-nourishing" (-psnyā- instrumental case f.) |
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| viśvapsu | (viśv/a--) mfn. having all forms (see viśvā-psu-). |
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| viśvāpsu | (viśv/ā--) mfn. having all forms (see viśv/a-psu-). |
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| viśvarādhas | (viśv/a--) mf. all-granting |
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| viśvasāman | m. (viśv/a--) Name of a kind of personification |
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| viśvaśambhū | mfn. (viśv/a--) beneficial to all |
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| viśvaśārada | (viśv/a--.) mfn. annual (or"lasting a whole year") (applied to the disease called takman- as likely to occur every autumn) . |
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| viśvaśardhas | mfn. (viśv/a--) being in a complete troop, complete in number |
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| viśvasaubhaga | (viśv/a--) mfn. bringing all prosperity |
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| viśvaścandra | (viśv/a--) mf(ā-)n. all-glittering |
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| viśvaśruṣṭi | (viśv/a--) mfn. compliant to all |
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| viśvataścakṣus | (śv/ataś--) mfn. one who has eyes on all sides |
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| viśvataspad | (śv/atas--;strong form -pād-) mfn. one who has feet on every side |
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| viśvataspṛtha | (śv/atas--) mfn. one who has his hands spread out everywhere |
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| viśvatobāhu | (śv/ato--) mfn. one who has arms on every side |
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| viśvatodhī | (śv/ato--). mfn. heedful of all |
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| viśvatohasta | (śv/ato--) mfn. one who has hands on all sides |
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| viśvatomukha | mfn. (śv/ato--) facing all sides, one whose face is turned everywhere etc. |
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| viśvatovīrya | (śv/ato--.) mfn. powerful or effective everywhere |
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| viśvavāra | mf(ā-)n. (viśv/a--.) containing all good things, bestowing all treasures etc. |
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| viśvavārya | (viśv/a--) mfn. containing all good things, bestowing all treasures etc. ("all-desired") . |
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| viśvavasu | m. "wealth of all", Name of a son of purū-ravas- (see viśv/ā-vasu-). |
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| viśvāvasu | mfn. (viśv/ā--) beneficent to all (said of viṣṇu-) |
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| viśvavedas | mfn. (viśv/a--.) equals -vid- 1 |
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| viśvavedas | mfn. (viśv/a--) equals -vid- 2 |
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| viśvavyacas | mfn. (viśv/a--) embracing or absorbing all things etc. |
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| viśvāyu | mfn. equals viśv/a-kṛṣṭi- |
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| viśvi | P. -śvayati- (only pr. p. -śv/ayat-), to swell |
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| vitan | P. A1. -tanoti-, -tanute- (future -tāyitā- ), to spread out or through or over, cover, pervade, fill etc. ; to spread, stretch, extend (a net, snare, cord etc.) etc. ; to draw or bend (a bow) ; to spread out id est lay on, impose (a yoke) ; to apply (ointment) ; to extend, make wide (with tanv/as-,the bodies, = to oppose or resist boldly ;with padāni-,steps, = to stride ) ; to unfold, display, exhibit, manifest etc. ; to carry out, perform, accomplish (especially a rite or ceremony) ; to sacrifice ; to cause, effect, produce ; to make, render (two accusative) |
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| vivad | P. A1. (see ) -vadati-, te-, (P.) to contradict, oppose (accusative) ; (P. A1.) to be at variance, contest, litigate, dispute with (instrumental case,rarely accusative) or about (locative case,rarely accusative) etc. etc. (Ved. infinitive mood -vade-with yā-,"to be about to quarrel"; pr. p. A1. -vadamāna-,"disputing","disputed","questionable") ; (P.) to talk, converse ; (A1.) to raise the voice, sing (said of birds) : Causal -vādayati-, to dispute or litigate, commence an action or lawsuit : Intensive (only parasmE-pada v/āvadat-), to roar aloud |
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| vivaktṛ | vi-vakv/at- See under vi-vac-, column 3. |
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| vivas | (see vyuṣ-) P. vy-ucchati-, to shine forth, shine, dawn etc. ; (vi-v/aste-), to illumine : Causal -vāsayati-, to cause to shine |
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| vivasvat | v/i-vasvat- or vi-v/asvat- mfn. shining forth, diffusing light, matutinal (applied to uṣas- agni- etc.; sadane vivasvataḥ-,"at the seat of Fire") |
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| vivikta | vi-vikv/as- etc. See below. |
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| vṛ | cl.5.9.1. P. A1. () vṛṇ/oti-, vṛṇut/e- ; vṛnāti-, vriṇīte- ; v/arati-, v/arate- (mostly cl.5. and with the preposition apa-or vi-;of cl.9. only avṛṇīdhvam- ; cl.1. only in [ confer, compare also ūrṇu-]; perfect tense vav/āra-, vavr/e- etc. etc. [2. sg. vav/artha- ; vavaritha-, vavṛma-etc. grammar; parasmE-pada vavriv/as- genitive case vavavr/uṣas- ]; Aorist /avar-or /āvar-, avṛta- [1. sg. vam-,2. dual number vartam-,3. plural avran-, parasmE-pada A1. vrāṇ/a- q.v imperative vṛdhi- ]; avārīt- ; avarīṣṭa- grammar; subjunctive varṣathas- ; Potential vriyāt-, vūryāt-, variṣīṣṭa- grammar; future varītā-, varīṣyati- ; infinitive mood vartum- , varitum- , varītum- ; ind.p. vṛtv/ā- ; vṛlv/ī- ; vṛtv/āya- ; -v/ṛtya- ), to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, surround, obstruct etc. ; to close (a door) ; to ward off, check, keep back, prevent, hinder, restrain : Passive voice vriyate- (Aorist /avāri-), to be covered or surrounded or obstructed or hindered : Causal vār/ayati-, te- (Aorist avīvarat-, /avīvarata- ; /avāvarīt- ; Passive voice vāryate- etc.) , to cover, conceal, hide, keep back, hold captive etc. ; to stop, check, restrain, suppress, hinder, prevent from (ablative or infinitive mood;rarely two accusative) etc. ; to exclude ; to prohibit, forbid ; to withhold etc.: Desiderative of Causal vivārayiṣate- : Desiderative vivarīṣati-, vuvūrṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive vevrīyate-, vovūryate-, varvarti- [ confer, compare Gothic warjan; German wehren,Wehr; English weir.] |
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| vṛ | cl.5.9. P. A1. () vṛṇoti-, vṛṇute- ; vṛṇ/āti-, (mostly) vṛṇīt/e- (in also v/aras-, rat-, ranta-,but these may be subjunctive Aorist; perfect tense vavāra- ; vavre- [2. sg. vavṛṣ/e-,1. plural vavṛm/ahe-]etc.; Aorist avri-, avṛta- [ Potential vurīta-, parasmE-pada urāṇ/a-]etc.; avṛṣi-, ṣata- [2. plural avṛḍhvam-] ; avarīṣṭa- grammar; preceding variṣīṣṭa- ; future varītā- ; variṣyate- ; varīṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood varītum- ; varitum- grammar; ind.p. varitvā-or vṛtvā- etc.; varītvā- grammar), to choose, select, choose for one's self, choose as (-arthe-or accusative of Persian) or for (-artham-or dative case, locative case instrumental case of thing) etc. ; to choose in marriage, woo etc. ; to ask a person (accusative) for (accusative) or on behalf of (kṛte-) ; to solicit anything (accusative) from (ablative or -tas-), ; to ask or request that (Potential with or without iti-) ; to like better than, prefer to (ablative,rarely instrumental case) ; to like, love (as opp. to"hate") ; to choose or pick out a person (for a boon), grant (a boon) to (accusative) : Causal () varayati-, te- (Epic also vārayati-; Passive voice vary/ate- ) ; to choose, choose for one's self, choose as (accusative of Persian) or for (-artham- dative case or locative case of thing) , ask or sue for (accusative) or on behalf of (dative case or -arthe-), choose as a wife (accusative with or without patnīm-, dārān-,or patny-artham-) etc. ; to like, love well [ confer, compare Latin velle; Slavonic or Slavonian voliti; Got.wiljian; German wollan,wollen,Wahl,wohl; Anglo-Saxon willan; English will.] |
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| vraśc | (see vṛk-) cl.6 P. () vṛśc/ati- (pr. p. vṛkṇan-[?] ; perfect tense vavraśca-, citha- grammar; Aorist avraścīt-, avrākṣīt- ; vṛkṣi- ; future vraścitā-, vraṣṭā- grammar; vraściṣyati-, vrakṣyati- ; ind.p. vraścitvā- ; vṛṣṭv/ā- ; vṛktv/ī- ; -vr/aścam-, -vṛtcya- etc.), to cut down or off or asunder, cleave, hew, fell (a tree) etc. etc.: Passive voice vṛścy/ate- (in also vṛśc/ate-), to be cut down or off etc.: Causal vraścayati- (Aorist avavraścat-) grammar : Desiderative vivraściṣati-, vivrakṣati- : Intensive varīvṛścyate-, varīvṛtcīti- |
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| vṛdh | cl.1 A1. () v/ardhate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-; perfect tense vav/ardha-, vavṛdhe- etc. etc. [Ved. also vāvṛ-; vavṛdhāti-, dhīt/ās-, dh/asva- ; vāvṛdh/ete- ; parasmE-pada vāvṛdh/at- ; Aorist Ved. avṛdhat-, vṛdhātas-, dhātu-; parasmE-pada vṛdh/at-, dhān/a-]; avardhiṣṭa- etc.; preceding vardhiṣīm/ahi- ; future vardhitā- grammar; vartsyati- ; vardhiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood Ved. vṛdhe-["for increase","to make glad"], vṛdh/ase-, vāvṛdh/adhyai-; Classical vardhitum-; ind.p. vṛddhvā-,or vardhitvā- grammar;in vṛdh-is sometimes confounded with1. vṛt-), trans. P., to increase, augment, strengthen, cause to prosper or thrive ; to elevate, exalt, gladden, cheer, exhilarate (especially the gods, with praise or sacrifice) ; (intrans. A1.; in Vedic or Veda P.in perfect tense and Aorist; in Class. P.in Aorist future and Conditional; also P. mc. in other forms) , to grow, grow up, increase, be filled or extended, become longer or stronger, thrive, prosper, succeed etc. ; to rise, ascend (as the scale in ordeals) ; to be exalted or elevated, feel animated or inspired or excited by (instrumental case locative case genitive case) or in regard to (dative case), become joyful, have cause for congratulation (vṛdhaḥ-, dhat-in sacrificial formulas ="mayest thou or may he prosper";in later language often with diṣṭyā-) etc. etc.: Causal vardh/ayati-, te- (in later language also vardhāpayati-; Aorist Ved. avīvṛdhat-, dhata-), to cause to increase or grow, augment, increase, make larger or longer, heighten, strengthen, further, promote (A1."for one's self") etc. ; to rear, cherish, foster, bring up ; to elevate, raise to power, cause to prosper or thrive etc. ; to exalt, magnify, glorify (especially the gods), make joyful, gladden (A1.in Vedic or Veda also = to rejoice, be joyful, take delight in [instr.], enjoy etc.;with. or scilicet diṣṭyā-) to congratulate ; (cl.10. according to to ) "to speak" or "to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-): Desiderative of Causal See vivardhayiṣu-: Desiderative vivardhiṣate- or vivṛtsati- grammar : Intensive varivṛdhyate-, varivṛdhīti- |
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| vṛj | cl.1.7. P. () varjati-, vṛṇ/akti- ; cl.2 A1. () vṛkte- (Vedic or Veda and also v/arjate-and vṛṅkt/e-; imperative vṛṅktām-[ varia lectio vṛktām-] ; vṛṅgdhvam- ; perfect tense vavarja-, vavṛje-[ grammar also vavṛñje- vāvṛje-; vavṛjy/uḥ-, vavṛktam- parasmE-pada f. -varj/uṣī-]; Aorist avṛk- ; vark-[2. 3. sg. ], varktam-, avṛjan- Potential vṛjyām- ; /avṛkta- ; avṛkṣam-, ṣi- ; avārkṣīs- ; avarjīt-, avajiṣṭa- grammar; future varjitā- ; varjiṣyati- ; varkṣyati-, te- ; infinitive mood v/ṛje-, vṛñj/ase-, vṛj/adhyai- ; vajitum-or vṛñjitum- grammar; ind.p. vṛktv/ī- ; -v/ṛjya-, -vargam- etc.) , to bend, turn ; to twist off, pull up, pluck, gather (especially sacrificial grass) ; to wring off or break a person's (accusative) neck ; to avert, remove ; (A1.) to keep anything from (ablative or genitive case), divert, withhold, exclude, abalienate ; (A1.) to choose for one's self, select, appropriate : Passive voice vṛjy/ate-, to be bent or turned or twisted etc.: Causal varjayati- (; mc. also te-; Potential varjayīta- ; Aorist avavarjat-), to remove, avoid, shun, relinquish, abandon, give up, renounce etc. ; to spare, let live ; to exclude, omit, exempt, except (yitvā-with accusative = excepting, with the exception of) etc.: Passive voice of Causal varjyate-, to be deprived of. lose (instrumental case) (see varjita-): Desiderative vivṛkṣ/ate- (), vivarjiṣati-, te- (grammar), to wish to bend or turn etc.: Intensive varīvṛjyate-, varvarkti- (grammar; parasmE-pada v/arīvṛjat- ), to turn aside, divert: Causal of Intensive varīvarj/ayati- (p.f. yantī-), to turn hither and thither (the ears) |
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| vṛṣ | cl.1 P. () v/arṣati- (Epic also A1. varṣate-and Vedic or Veda vṛṣate-; perfect tense vavarṣa-, vavṛṣe- etc.;3. plural P. Epic vavṛṣus-,or vavarṣus-; parasmE-pada P. vavarṣv/as- ; A1. vāvṛṣāṇ/a- ; imperative vāvṛṣasva- ; Aorist /avarṣīt- etc.; future vraṣṭ/ā- ; varṣitā- grammar; varṣiṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood varṣitum- etc.; varṣṭos- ; ind.p. vṛṣṭvā- ; ṭv/ī- ; varṣitvā- grammar), to rain (either impersonal or used impersonally,or with parjanya-, indra-, the clouds etc., in Nominal verb) etc. ; to rain down, shower down, pour forth, effuse, shed (A1.="to bestow or distribute abundantly";also with instrumental case ="to rain upon, or overwhelm with" exempli gratia, 'for example' with arrows; v/arṣati-,"while it rains, during rain") ; to strike, hurt, vex, harass : Causal varṣ/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛṣat-or avavarṣat-), to cause to rain (parjanya- etc.) or to fall down as rain (flowers etc.) ; (without accusative) to cause or produce rain ; to rain upon (= overwhelm) with (a shower of arrows instrumental case) ; A1. to have manly power, have generative vigour : Desiderative vivarṣiṣati- grammar (see vivarṣiṣu-): Intensive varīvṛṣyate-, varīvarṣṭi- etc. [For cognates-See under varṣā-and 1. vṛṣa-.] |
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| vṛṣṭisani | mfn. equals -v/ani- |
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| vṛt | cl.1 A1. () v/artate- (rarely ti-;in veda- also vavartti-and [once in ] vartti-; subjunctive vav/artat-, vavartati-, vavṛtat-; Potential vavṛtyāt-, vavṛtīya-; imperative vavṛtsva-; imperfect tense /avavṛtran-, tranta-; perfect tense vav/arta-, vavṛt/us-, vavṛt/e- [here also vāvṛt/e-]etc.; Aorist avart-, avṛtran- subjunctive v/artat-, vartta- ; avṛtat- etc.; avartiṣṭa- grammar;3. plural avṛtsata- ;2. sg. vartithās- ; preceding vartiṣīṣṭa- grammar; future vartitā- grammar; vartsy/ati-, te- etc.; vartiṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional avartsyat- ; avartiṣyata- grammar; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ; -v/ṛtas- ; vartitum- etc.; ind.p. vartitvā-and vṛttvā- grammar; -v/ṛtya- etc.; -v/artam- etc.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears) etc. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instrumental case"in a particular way or manner"), take place, occur, be performed, come off etc. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na-,"to be not in one's right mind";with manasi-or hṛdaye-,"to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind";with mūrdhni-,"to be at the head of","to be of most importance"; kathaṃ vartate-with Nominal verb or kiṃ vartate-with genitive case,"how is it with?") ; to live on, subsist by (instrumental case or ind.p.), etc. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām-,"it is long since we went") ; to depend on (locative case) ; to be in a particular condition, be engaged in or occupied with (locative case), etc. ; to be intent on, attend to (dative case) ; to stand or be used in the sense of (locative case) ; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (locative case dative case,or accusative;also with itaretaram-or parasparam-,"mutually") etc. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim-), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instrumental case or accusative) towards (locative case with parājñayā-,"to act under another's command";with prajā-rūpeṇa-,"to assume the form of a son";with priy/am-,"to act kindly";with svāni-,"to mind one's own business"; kim idam vartase-,"what are you doing there?") etc. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dative case) ; to be or exist or live at a particular time, be alive or present (confer, compare vartamāna-, vartiṣyamāṇa-,and vartsyat-,p.925) etc. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante-,"they continue to excel"; iti vartate me buddhiḥ-,"such continues my opinion") etc. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes ; to originate, arise from (ablative) or in (locative case) ; to become ; to associate with (saha-) ; to have illicit intercourse with (locative case) : Causal vart/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛtat-or avavartat-;in also A1. avavarti-; infinitive mood vartay/adhyai- ; Passive voice vartyate- ), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl etc. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill etc.) ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears) etc. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instrumental case), enter upon a course of conduct etc. (also with vṛttim-or vṛttyā-or vṛttena-;with bhaikṣeṇa-,"to live by begging"), conduct one's self, behave etc. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare ; to begin to instruct (dative case) ; to understand, know, learn ; to treat ; (in law, with śiras-or śīrṣam-) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal ; "to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-) : Desiderative v/ivṛtsati-, te- ( ), vivartiṣate- () , to wish to turn etc.: Intensive (Vedic or Veda , rarely in later language) v/arvartti-, varīvartti-, varīvarty/ate-, varīvartate-, parasmE-pada v/arvṛtat- and v/arvṛtāna- imperfect tense 3. sg. avarīvar-, 3. plural avarīvur- (grammar also varivartti-, varīvṛtīti-, varvṛtīti-, varīvṛtyate-), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail [ confer, compare Latin vertere; Slavonic or Slavonian vru8te8ti,vratiti; Lithuanian varty4ti; Gothic wai4rthan; German werden; English -ward.] |
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| vyadh | cl.4 P. () v/idhyati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense parasmE-pada vivyādha- etc.;3. plural vivyadhuḥ- , vividhuḥ- ; A1. vivyadhe- ; parasmE-pada vividhv/as- ; Aorist vyātsīḥ- ; preceding vidhyāt- grammar; future veddhā-, vetsyati-, te- ; vyaddhā-, vyatsyati- grammar; infinitive mood veddhum- ; -vidhe- ; ind.p. viḍḍhvā-, -vidhya- ), to pierce, transfix, hit, strike, wound etc. ; (with sirām-) to open a vein, bleed ; to pelt with (instrumental case) ; to inflict, attach to, affect with (accusative of Persian and instrumental case of thing) ; to shake, wave ; (in astronomy) to fix the position of a heavenly body ; to cling to (accusative) : Causal vyādhayati-, (Epic also vedhayati-; Aorist avīvidhat-or avivyadhat-), to pierce, open (a vein) ; to cause to pierce or perforate : Desiderative vivyatsati-, to wish to affect or taint with (instrumental case) : Intensive vevidhyate- or vāvyaddhi- (?) grammar |
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| yā | (collateral form of5. i-) cl.2 P. () y/āti- (1. plural yāmahe- ; imperfect tense 3. plural ayuḥ- ; ayān- Scholiast or Commentator; perfect tense yay/au-, yay/ātha-, yay/a-, yay/uḥ- etc.; yaye- ; Aorist ayāsam-or ayāsiṣam-; subjunctive y/āsat-, yeṣam-, yāsiṣat- ; preceding yāsiṣīṣṭhās- ; future yātā- etc.; yāsyati- ; te- ; infinitive mood yātum- etc.;Ved. infinitive mood y/ai-, y/ātave-or v/ai-; ind.p. yātv/ā- ; -y/āya-, -yāyam- ), to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey (often with instrumental case or accusative of the way, especially with gatim-, mārgam-, adhvānam-, panthānam-, padavīm-, yātrām-) etc. ; to go away, withdraw, retire etc. ; (also with palāyya-) to flee, escape (with kṣemeṇa-or svasti-,to escape unscathed ) ; to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach etc. etc. (with accusative often followed by prati- exempli gratia, 'for example' with gṛham-,to enter a house;with ripum prati-,to march against the enemy;with mṛgayām-,to go out hunting;with śirasāmahīm-,to bow down to the ground with the head;with prakṛtim-,to return to one's natural state;with karṇau-,to come to the ears, be heard;with utsavād utsavam-,to go from one festival to another;with hastam- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to fall into the hands of;with patham-or gocaram- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to come within range of; especially with the accusative of an abstract noun = to go to any state or condition, become, be exempli gratia, 'for example' vināśaṃ yāti-,he goes to destruction id est he is destroyed; kāṭhinyaṃ yāti-,it becomes hard; dveṣyatāṃ yāti-,he becomes hated;similarly nidhanaṃ-yā-,to die; nidrāṃ-yā-,to fall asleep; udayaṃ-yā-,to rise, said of stars etc.;sometimes also with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' yāhi rājñah sakāśe-,go into the presence of the king ;or even with dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' yayatuḥ sva-niveśāya-,both went home ; na cātmane kṛpaṇasya dhanaṃ yāti-,nor does the wealth of the miser go to [i.e. benefit] himself. ; phalebhyo yāti-,he goes to [fetch] fruits Scholiast or Commentator) ; to go to for any request, implore, solicit (with two accusative) ; (with striyam-) to go to a woman for sexual intercourse ; to go to for any purpose (infinitive mood) ; often with adverbs exempli gratia, 'for example' with bahir-, to go out ; with adho-, to go down, sink ; with khaṇḍaśo- or dalaśo-, to fall to pieces ; with śata-dhā-, to fall into a hundred pieces ; to extend to (accusative) ; to last for (accusative) ; to pass away, elapse (said of time) etc. ; to vanish, disappear (as wealth) ; to come to pass, prosper, succeed ; to proceed, behave, act ; to find out, discover ; to receive or learn (a science) from (ablative) ; to undertake, undergo (accusative) ; imperative yātu-, be it as it may : Passive voice yāyate-, to be gone or moved : Causal yāp/ayati- (Aorist ayīyapat-), to cause to depart, cause to go or march, dismiss ; to cause to go towards (accusative) (see yāpita-) ; to direct (the gaze) towards (locative case) (varia lectio pātayati-) ; to drive away remove, cure (a disease) ; to cause to pass or elapse, pass or spend (time) etc. ; to live (pāli- yāpeti-) ; to cause to subsist, support, maintain ; to induce : Desiderative yiyāsati-, to intend or be about to go, desire to proceed etc.: Intensive īyāyate- (?) , to move ; yāyayate-, yāyeti-, yāyāti- grammar |
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| yaj | cl.1 P. A1. () y/ajati-, te- (1. sg. yajase- ; Vedic or Veda imperative y/akṣi-or ṣva-; perfect tense iyāja- ; īj/e- ; yej/e-[?] confer, compare on ; Vedic or Veda Aorist ayākṣīt-or ayāṭ-; ayaṣṭa-; subjunctive yakṣat-, yakṣati-, te-;3. sg. ayakṣata- ; preceding ijyāt- ; yakṣīya- ; future yaṣṭā- ; yakṣyati-, y/ate- etc.; infinitive mood y/aṣṭum-, ījitum- ; Vedic or Veda ṭave-; y/ajadhyai-or yaj/adhyai-; past participle iṣṭa- ind.p. iṣṭv/ā- ; iṣṭvīnam- ; -ijya- grammar; y/ājam- ), to worship, adore, honour (especially with sacrifice or oblations) ; to consecrate, hallow, offer (with accusative,rarely dative case locative case or prati-,of the deity or person to whom; dative case of the person for whom, or the thing for which;and instrumental case of the means by which the sacrifice is performed;in older language generally P.of agni- or any other mediator, and A1.of one who makes an offering on his own account confer, compare y/aja-māna-;later properly P.when used with reference to the officiating priest, and A1.when referring to the institutor of the sacrifice) etc. ; to offer id est to present, grant, yield, bestow ; (A1.) to sacrifice with a view to (accusative) ; to invite to sacrifice by the yājyā- verses : Passive voice ijyate- (parasmE-pada Vedic or Veda ijyamāna-or yajyamāna- on ; Epic also pr. p. ijyat-), to be sacrificed or worshipped etc.: Causal yāj/ayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist ayīyajat-), to assist any one (accusative) as a priest at a sacrifice (instrumental case) ; to cause any one (accusative) to sacrifice anything (accusative) or by means of any one (instrumental case) : Desiderative y/iyakṣati-, te- (confer, compare /iyakṣati-), to desire to sacrifice or worship : Intensive yāyajyate-, yāyajīti-, yāyaṣṭi- [ confer, compare Zend yaz; Greek ,.] |
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| yathā | ind. (in veda- also unaccented;fr. 3. ya-,correlative of t/athā-) in which manner or way, according as, as, like (also with cid-, ha-, ha vai-, iva-, ivāṅga-, iva ha-, eva-,and followed by correl. tathā-, tathā tathā-, tadvat-, cvam-,Ved. also ev/a-) etc. (yathaitat-or yathaivaitat-,"as for that"; yathā-tathā-or yathā-- tena satyena-,"as surely as"-"so truly") |
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| yatra | ind. (in veda- also y/atrā-;fr. 3. ya-,correlative of t/atra-,and often used for the locative case of the relative pronoun) in or to which place, where, wherein, wherever, whither etc. (yatra yatra-,"wherever","whithersoever"; yatra tatra-or yatra tatrāpi-,"anywhere whatever"or equals yasmiṃs tasmin-,"in whatever"; yatra tatra dine-,"on any day whatever"; yatra kutra-,with or without cit-or api-,"everywhere"or equals yasmin kasmin-,"in whatever"; y/atra kv/a ca-or yatra kva cana-,"wherever","in any place whatever","whithersoever"; yatra kva ca-,"anywhere whatever"; yatra kvāpi-,"to any place","hither and thither"; yatra vā-,"or elsewhere") |
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| yu | (see yuch-) cl.3 P. yuy/oti- (imperative 2. sg. yuyodh/i- ; yuyudhi- ;2. dual number yuyotam-or yuyut/am- ;2. plural yuy/ota-or tana- ; A1. subjunctive 2. sg : yuyothās- ; A1. imperfect tense 3. plural ayuvanta- ; Aorist P. yaus-, ayauṣīt-; subjunctive yoṣati-, yoṣat- ; yūṣat- ; yūyāt-, yūyātām- ; yūyot- ; yāvīs- ; A1. yoṣṭhās- ; yavanta- ; Passive voice /ayāvi- ; infinitive mood y/otave-, tav/ai-, tos- ; -yāvam- ), to separate, keep or drive away, ward off (accusative), exclude or protect from (ablative) ; to keep aloof, to be or remain separated from (ablative) : Causal yav/ayati- or yāv/ayati-, to cause to separate or remove or keep off etc. : Intensive yoyavīti- (imperfect tense /ayoyavīt-; parasmE-pada y/oyuvat-), to retreat back, recede ; to be rent, gape asunder ; to keep off from (ablative) |
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| yu | (see yuj-) cl.2 P. () yauti- (Vedic or Veda also A1. yut/e-and cl.6. yuv/ati-, te-; according to to also cl.9. yunāti-, yunīte-; perfect tense yuyāva-,2. sg. yuyavitha- ; yuyuv/e- ; Aorist -yāviṣṭam-(?) ; ayaviṣṭa- grammar; preceding yūyāt- ; future yuvitā- ; yavitā-, yaviṣyati-, te- grammar; ind.p. yutvā- ; -yūya- ; -yutya- ), to unite, attach, harness, yoke, bind, fasten ; to draw towards one's self, take hold or gain possession of, hold fast ; to push on towards (accusative) ; to confer or bestow upon (dative case), procure ; (yauti-), to worship, honour : Passive voice yūyate- (Aorist ayāvi-) grammar : Causal yāvayati- (Aorist ayīyavat-) : Desiderative of Causal yiyāvayiṣati- : Desiderative y/uyūṣati- (), yiyaviṣati- (grammar), to wish to unite or hold fast: Intensive yoyūyate-, yoyoti-, yoyavīti- etc. (See ā--, ni-yu-). |
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| yuj | (confer, compare 2. yu- cl.7 P. A1. ) yun/akti-, yuṅkt/e- (Epic also yuñjati-, te-;Ved. yojati-, te-; yuje-, yujmahe-,3. plural yujata- imperative yukṣv/a-; Potential yuñjīyāt- ; perfect tense yuy/oja-, yuyuj/e- etc. etc., 3. sg. yuyojate- ; Aorist Class. P. ayokṣīt-, ayaukṣīt-or ayujat-;Ved. also A1. /ayuji-;Ved. and Class. ayukṣi-, ayukta-; future yokt/ā- ; yokṣyati- ; te- etc.; infinitive mood yoktum- ; yuj/e- ; ind.p. yuktv/ā- etc.; yuktv/āya- ; -yujya- etc.), to yoke or join or fasten or harness (horses or a chariot) etc. ; to make ready, prepare, arrange, fit out, set to work, use, employ, apply ; to equip (an army) ; to offer, perform (prayers, a sacrifice) ; to put on (arrows on a bow-string) ; to fix in, insert, inject (semen) ; to appoint to, charge or intrust with (locative case or dative case) ; to command, enjoin ; to turn or direct or fix or concentrate (the mind, thoughts etc.) upon (locative case) etc. ; (P. A1.) to concentrate the mind in order to obtain union with the Universal Spirit, be absorbed in meditation (also with yogam-) etc. ; to recollect, recall ; to join, unite, connect, add, bring together etc. (A1.to be attached, cleave to ) ; to confer, or bestow anything (accusative) upon (genitive case or locative case) (A1.with accusative,to become possessed of ;with ātmani-,to use for one's self, enjoy ) ; to bring into possession of, furnish or endow with (instrumental case) etc. ; to join one's self to (accusative) ; (in astronomy) to come into union or conjunction with (accusative) : Passive voice yujy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist /ayoji-), to be yoked or harnessed or joined etc. etc. ; to attach one's self to (locative case) ; to be made ready or prepared for (dative case) ; to be united in marriage ; to be endowed with or possessed of (instrumental case with or without saha-) etc. ; (in astronomy) to come into conjunction with (instrumental case) ; to accrue to, fall to the lot of (genitive case) ; to be fit or proper or suitable or right, suit anything (instrumental case), be fitted for (locative case), belong to or suit any one (locative case or genitive case), deserve to be (Nominal verb) etc. ; (with na-) not to be fit or proper etc. for (instrumental case) or to (infinitive mood,also with pass. sense = "ought not to be") : Causal yojayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist ayūyujat-; Passive voice yojyate-), to harness, yoke with (instrumental case), put to (locative case) etc. ; to equip (an army), draw up (troops) etc. ; to use, employ, set to work, apply, undertake, carry on, perform, accomplish etc. ; to urge or impel to ; to lead towards, help to (locative case) ; to set (snares, nets etc.) ; to put or fix on (especially arrows) etc. ; to aim (arrows) at (locative case) ; to fasten on or in, attack, adjust, add, insert ; (with manas-, ātmānam-etc.) to direct the thoughts to, concentrate or fix the mind upon (locative case) ; to join, unite, connect, combine, bring or put together (also = write, compose) etc. ; to encompass, embrace ; to put in order, arrange, repair, restore ; to endow or furnish or provide with (instrumental case) etc. ; to mix (food) with (instrumental case) ; to confer anything upon (locative case) ; (in astronomy) to ascertain or know (jānāti-) the conjunction of the moon with an asterism (instrumental case) Va1rtt. 11 ; (A1.) to think little of, esteem lightly, despise in : Desiderative yuyukṣati-, to wish to harness or yoke or join etc. ; to wish to appoint or institute ; to wish to fix or aim (arrows) ; (A1.) to wish to be absorbed in meditation, devout : Intensive yoyujyate-, yoyujīti- or yoyokti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin jungere,jugum; Lithuanian ju4ngus; Slavonic or Slavonian igo; Gothic juk; German joh,Joch; Anglo-Saxon geoc; English yoke.]) |
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| yuva | actual base of the 2nd Persian pronoun in the dual number (from which the forms yuv/ām-, yuv/ābhyām-, yuv/ayos-;Ved. also yuv/am-, yuv/abhyām-, yuv/at-, yuv/os-,are derived). |
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| yuvādatta | (yuv/ā--) mfn. given to both of you |
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| yuvadhita | (yuv/a--) mfn. placed or arranged by you both |
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| yuvānīta | (yuv/ā--) mfn. brought by both of you |
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| yuvati | f. a girl, young woman, any young female animal etc. etc. (in applied to uṣas-, Night and Morning, Heaven and Earth etc.;with śaryā-,prob."an arrow just shot off";but see yuv/ā-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' as f.for yuvan-,a youth exempli gratia, 'for example' sa-bāla-vṛddhayuvatiḥ purī-,a town with boys, old and young men, ) |
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| yuvāvat | (yuv/ā--) mfn. belonging to both of you |
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