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a commentary on Carakasamhita by Gangadhara Ray (1789-1885) of Bengal.

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cartilage bone, flexible connective tissue.

Plant sickle bush, Dichrostachys cinere

śvetaraktakaṇikā, śvetarudhirakaṇikā   

rakte vartamānaḥ śubhrakaṇaprakāraḥ।

yadā śarīre vraṇaḥ jāyate tadā śvetaraktakaṇikā saṃghaṭya raktasya pravāhaṃ rodhayanti।

uśīraḥ, abhayam, naladam, sevyam, amṛṇālam, jalāśayam, lāmajjakam, laghulayam, avadāham, iṣṭakāpatham, uṣīram, mṛṇālam, laghu, layam, avadānam, iṣṭam, kāpatham, avadāheṣṭakāpatham, indraguptam, jalavāsam, haripiriyam, vīram, vīraṇam, samagandhikam, raṇapriyam, vīrataru, śiśiram, śītamūlakam, vitānamūlakam, jalamedas, sugandhikam, sugandhimūlakam, kambhu   

mālādūrvāyāḥ sugandhitaṃ mūlam।

vāyuśītake uśīraṃ prayujyate।

dīrghajīvī pādapaḥ, dīrghajīvī vṛkṣaḥ, dīrghajīvī taruḥ   

trīṇī varṣāṇi athavā tryadhikaṃ varṣaṃ dīrghaṃ jīvamānaḥ vṛkṣaḥ;

āmravṛkṣaḥ dīrghajīvī pādapaḥ asti

māṇikyam, padmarāgam, lohitakaḥ, śoṇaratnam, śoṇitotpalam, śoṇitotpalaḥ, pāṭalopalam, pāṭalopalaḥ, arūṇopalam, arūṇopalaḥ, arkopalaḥ, bhāskarapriyam, lakṣmīpuṣpaḥ, kuruvillaḥ, padmarāgamaṇiḥ, mahāmūlyaḥ, taruṇam, ratnarāṭ, raviratnakam, śṛṅgārī, raṅgamāṇikyam, rāgayuk, śoṇopalaḥ, saugandhikam, lohitakam, kuruvindam   

ratnaviśeṣaḥ, raktavarṇīyaṃ ratnam।

śaile śaile māṇikyaṃ na vartate।

vṛkṣaḥ, taruḥ, drumaḥ, pādapaḥ, druḥ, mahīruhaḥ, śākhī, viṭapī, amokahaḥ, kuṭaḥ, sālaḥ, palāśī, āgamaḥ, agacchaḥ, viṣṭaraḥ, mahīruṭ, kuciḥ, sthiraḥ, kāraskaraḥ, nagaḥ, agaḥ, kuṭāraḥ, viṭapaḥ, kujaḥ, adriḥ, śikharī, kuṭhaḥ, kuñjaḥ, kṣitiruhaḥ, aṅgaghripaḥ, bhūruhaḥ, bhūjaḥ, mahījaḥ, dharaṇīruhaḥ, kṣitijaḥ, śālaḥ   

śākhā-parṇa-skandha-mūlādi-yuktā dīrghajīvīnī vanaspatiḥ।

vṛkṣāṇāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ kartavyam।

kumāraḥ, yuvajanaḥ, bālajanaḥ, taruṇaḥ, ruḍhavayaḥ   

yaḥ yuvāvasthām anupraviśati।

ekena kumāreṇa dhāvitvā coraṃ pratigrāhitaḥ।

aśokaḥ, śokanāśaḥ, viśokaḥ, vañjuladrumaḥ, vañjalaḥ, madhupuṣpaḥ, apaśokaḥ, kaṅkelliḥ, kelikaḥ, raktapallavaḥ, citraḥ, vicitraḥ, karṇapūraḥ, subhagaḥ, dohalī, tāmrapallavaḥ, rogitaruḥ, hemapuṣpaḥ, rāmā, vāmāṅgighātanaḥ, piṇḍīpuṣpaḥ, naṭaḥ, pallavadruḥ   

svanāmakhyātavṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ yaḥ sadā haritaḥ asti।

aśokaḥ bhārate sarvatra dṛśyate।

vānaraḥ, kapiḥ, plavaṅgaḥ, plavagaḥ, śākhāmṛgaḥ, valīmukhaḥ, markaṭaḥ, kīśaḥ, vanaukāḥ, markaḥ, plavaḥ, pravaṅgaḥ, pravagaḥ, plavaṅgamaḥ, pravaṅgamaḥ, golāṅgulaḥ, kapitthāsya, dadhikṣoṇaḥ, hariḥ, tarumṛgaḥ, nagāṭanaḥ, jhampī, jhampārukalipriyaḥ, kikhiḥ, śālāvṛkaḥ   

vanyapaśuḥ yaḥ vṛkṣe vasati bhramati ca।

vālī nāma vānaraḥ rāmeṇa hataḥ।

kalpavṛkṣaḥ, kalpataruḥ, kalpadrumaḥ   

hindūdharmagrantheṣu varṇitaḥ ekaḥ vṛkṣaḥ yaḥ kāmanānāṃ pūrtiḥ karoti।

samudramanthane prāpteṣu caturdaśeratneṣu ekaḥ kalpavṛkṣaḥ āsīt।

taruṇāya   

yauvanaprāptyanukūlaḥ vyāpāraḥ।

acirādeva mama putraḥ taruṇāyate।

yuvā, taruṇaḥ, yuvakaḥ, kumāraḥ, kumārakaḥ, māṇavaḥ, yuvaśaḥ, nabhasvān, vayasthaḥ, vayaḥsthaḥ, talunaḥ, veṭakaḥ, vayodhaḥ, vayobāla, garbharūpaḥ   

ṣoḍaṣavarṣāt triṃśad-varṣa-paryanta-vayaskaḥ।

bhāratīyāḥ yuvānaḥ pāścātyasaṃskṛteḥ adhīnāḥ jātāḥ। /āṣoḍaṣād bhaved bālaḥ taruṇaḥ tataḥ ucyate। vṛddhaḥ syāt saptaterrūrdhvaṃ varṣīyān navateḥ param।

dārugandhā, gandhabadhū, gandhamādanī, taruṇī, tārā, bhūtamārī, maṅgalyā, kapaṭinī, grahabhītijit   

cīḍavṛkṣāt prāptaḥ laśaḥ।

dārugandhā mānavārthe upayuktā।

tālaḥ, tāladrumaḥ, patrī, dīrghaskandhaḥ, dhvajadrumaḥ, vṛkṣarājaḥ, madhurasaḥ, madāḍhyaḥ, dīrghapādapaḥ, cirāyuḥ, tarurājaḥ, dīrghapatraḥ, gucchapatraḥ, āsavadruḥ, lekhyapatraḥ, mahonnataḥ   

sthāṇuvat śākhāvihīnaḥ dīrghaparṇayuktaḥ vṛkṣaḥ।

saḥ tālāt tālajataruṇatoyam udgṛhṇāti।

pāribhadraḥ, nimbataruḥ, mandāraḥ   

baṅgālaprānte samudrataṭe vartamānaḥ vṛkṣaḥ।

samudragatā pāribhadrasya chāyā śobhanīyā।

yuvatī, yuvatiḥ, taruṇī, yūnī, talunī, dikkarī, dhanikā, dhanīkā, madhyamā, dṛṣṭarajāḥ, madhyamikā, īśvarī, varyā   

prāptayauvanā strī। (prāg yauvanā yuvatiḥ iti vātsyāyanaḥ।);

yo yaṃ vicintayati yāni sa tanmayatvam। yassmād ataḥ subhagayā iva gatā yuvatyaḥ॥

yayin, pakṣapātin, ṛṇa, kāṃdiś, khacara, khacārin, khagama, khecara, gṛhītadiś, ḍīna, jihāna, nivartaka, pakṣagama, pataṃga, patara, pataru, patatṭa, patatrinṭa, patayālu, patvan   

yaḥ uḍḍayate।

kākaḥ yayī khagaḥ asti।

śirīṣaḥ, bhaṇḍilaḥ, bhaṇḍiraḥ, bhaṇḍīlaḥ, bhaṇḍīraḥ, mṛdupuṣpaḥ, śukataruḥ, viśanāśanaḥ, śītapuṣpaḥ, bhaṇḍikaḥ, svarṇapuṣpakaḥ, śukeṣṭaḥ, varhapuṣpaḥ, viṣahantā, supuṣpakaḥ, uddānakaḥ, śukrataruḥ, lomaśapuṣpakaḥ, kapītakaḥ, kaliṅgaḥ, śyāmalaḥ, śaṅkhiniphalaḥ, madhupuṣpaḥ, vṛttapuṣpaḥ, śikhinīphalaḥ, bhaṇḍiḥ, plavagaḥ, śukapuṣpaḥ   

tīkṣṇasārāsadṛśaḥ dīrghaḥ vṛkṣaḥ।

śirīṣasya kāṣṭhaṃ dṛḍham asti।

nāraṅgaḥ, nāgaraṅgaḥ, nāryaṅgaḥ, suraṅgaḥ, tvaggandhaḥ, dantaśaṭhaḥ, airāvataḥ, kirmmīraḥ, colakī, latātaruḥ, nādeyaḥ, bhūmijambukaḥ, rājaphaṇijjhakaḥ   

vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ- jambīrajātīyaḥ madhyamākārakaḥ vṛkṣaḥ।

nāraṅgasya phalāni madhurāṇi sugandhitāni rasayuktāni ca santi।

śaṅkuvṛkṣaḥ, śālavṛkṣaḥ, śaṅkutaruḥ, kārśyaḥ, kārṣyaḥ, kaccūraḥ, lakūcaḥ, kuśikaḥ   

vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ saḥ vṛkṣaḥ yasya kāṣṭhaṃ dṛḍham asti।

śaṅakuvṛkṣasya kāṣṭhaṃ viracanavastunirmāṇe upayujyate।

tṛṇam, abdaḥ, kacchāntaruhā, kāśakaḥ, kutapaḥ, kuśaḥ, kaivartī, kheṭam   

kṛṣyām dhānyakṣupaiḥ saha anuruhāḥ kṣudrakṣupāḥ।

kṛṣakaḥ kṛṣīkṣetrāt tṛṇam utpāṭayati।

navatā, navatvam, taruṇatā, tāruṇyam, ārdratā, ārdratvam, akṣīṇatā, akṣīṇatvam, amlānatā, amlānatvam   

nūtanasya avasthā bhāvaḥ vā।

puṣpavikretrī puṣpāṇāṃ navatāyāḥ kṛte teṣu jalaṃ siñcati।

yuvā, taruṇaḥ, vayasthaḥ, prāptayauvanaḥ, yaviṣṭhaḥ, navakaḥ, navīyaḥ, nūtanayauvanaḥ, yuvaśaḥ, yuvānakaḥ, yuvībhūtaḥ, vatsaḥ, vatsataraḥ, vayodhaḥ, vayobālaḥ, pratinavaḥ, pratyagraḥ, pratyagrarūpaḥ, śarkuraḥ, bhramaraḥ   

yauvanāvasthāviśiṣṭaḥ।

tasya yuvā putraḥ deśāntaraṃ gataḥ।

lodhraḥ, gālavaḥ, śābaraḥ, tirīṭaḥ, tilvaḥ, mārjanaḥ, lodhavṛkṣaḥ, bhillataruḥ, tilvakaḥ, kāṇḍakīlakaḥ, lodhrakavṛkṣaḥ, śambaraḥ, hastirodhrakaḥ, tilakaḥ, kāṇḍanīlakaḥ, hemapuṣpakaḥ, bhillī, śāvarakaḥ   

vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ।

lodhrasya carma evaṃ kāṣṭhaṃ ca auṣadhāya upayujyate।

jatukālatā, jatukā, jatukārī, jananī, cakravartinī, tiryakphalā, niśāndhā, bahuputrī, suputrikā, rājavṛkṣā, janeṣṭā, kapikacchuphalopamā, rañjanī, sūkṣmavallī, bhramarī, kṛṣṇavallikā, vijjulikā, kṛṣṇaruhā, granthaparṇī, suvarcikā, taruvallī, dīrghaphalā   

latāviśeṣaḥ।

jatukālatāyāḥ parṇāni bheṣajarūpeṇa upayujyante।

vānaraḥ, kapiḥ, plavaṅgaḥ, plavagaḥ, śākhāmṛgaḥ, valīmukhaḥ, markaṭaḥ, kīśaḥ, vanaukāḥ, markaḥ, plavaḥ, pravaṅgaḥ, pravagaḥ, plavaṅgamaḥ, pravaṅgamaḥ, golāṅgulaḥ, kapitthāsya, dadhikṣoṇaḥ, hariḥ, tarumṛgaḥ, nagāṭanaḥ, jhampī, jhampārukalipriyaḥ, kikhiḥ, śālāvṛkaḥ   

puṃjātiviśiṣṭavānaraḥ।

saḥ manuṣyaḥ vānaraṃ vānarīṃ ca nartayati।

palāyitaḥ, palāyakaḥ, palāyanaparāyaṇaḥ, pataraḥ, pataruḥ, pradrāvī, prapalāyī, viplavī, avinivartī   

yena bhītivaśād athavā anyena kena api kāraṇena palāyanaṃ kṛtam।

ārakṣakāḥ palāyitaṃ mṛgayanti।

tarumūlam, aṃhriḥ   

vṛkṣasya mūlam।

karmakarāḥ bhūmeḥ tarumūlam unmūlayanti।

kalpataruḥ   

ekaḥ racanāprakāraḥ ।

vividhāsu śāstraśākhāsu kalpataruḥ nāma racanāprakāraḥ upalabdhaḥ asti

śabdārthakalpataruḥ   

ekaḥ śabdakoṣaḥ ।

śabdārthakalpataroḥ ullekhaḥ koṣe asti

prāyaścittakalpataruḥ   

ekā kṛtiḥ ।

saṃskṛta-vāṅmaye prāyaścittakalpataruḥ iti khyātā racanā

vajraḥ, nāgarī, vajrā, śataguptā, snuh, netrāriḥ, bahuśākhaḥ, bahuśālaḥ, vajravṛkṣaḥ, śuklaḥ, sihuṇḍaḥ, peṣaṇaḥ, mahātaruḥ, tīkṣṇatailaḥ, bāhuśālaḥ, sudhā   

kṣupaviśeṣaḥ ।

vajraḥ kaṇṭakayuktaḥ vartate

kṣemataruḥ   

ekaḥ vṛkṣaḥ ।

kṣemataruḥ varāha-mihirasya bṛhat-saṃhitāyāṃ varṇitaḥ asti

kṣemataruḥ   

ekaḥ vṛkṣaḥ ।

kṣemataruḥ varāha-mihirasya bṛhat-saṃhitāyāṃ varṇitaḥ asti

cakradantī, dantī, śīghrā, śyenaghaṇṭā, nikumbhī, nāgasphotā, dantinī, upacitrā, bhadrā, rūkṣā, recanī, anukūlā, niḥśalyā, viśalyā, madhupuṣpā, eraṇḍaphalā, taruṇī, eraṇḍapatrikā, aṇurevatī, viśodhanī, kumbhī, uḍumbaradalā   

ekaḥ kṣupaḥ asyā guṇāḥ kaṭutvam uṣṇatvam śūlāmatvagdoṣārśovraṇāśmarī-śalyaśodhanatvam dīpanatvañca ।

cakradantī kośe varṇitā asti