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Grammar Search "se" has 1 results. se : second person singular present present class 2 ātmanepada √as
"se" has 1 results.
Root Word IAST Meaning Monier Williams Page Class √गै gai singing, speaking / śabda 1052/2 Cl.1
Amarakosha Search
Results for se
Word Reference Gender Number Synonyms Definition avi: 3.3.215 Masculine Singular utse kaḥ , amarṣaḥ , icchāprasavaḥ , mahaḥ bhṛtyaḥ 2.10.17 Masculine Singular paricārakaḥ , kiṅkaraḥ , gopyakaḥ , dāse yaḥ , bhujiṣyaḥ , niyojyaḥ , dāsaḥ , praiṣyaḥ , ceṭakaḥ , dāse raḥ kakudaḥ 3.3.99 Masculine Singular gose vitam , gopadamānam kārtikeyaḥ Masculine Singular mahāse naḥ , kumāraḥ , śikhivāhanaḥ , bāhuleyaḥ , se nānīḥ , ṣaḍānanaḥ , śaktidharaḥ , viśākhaḥ , guhaḥ , skandaḥ , śarajanmā , krauñcadāruṇaḥ , ṣāṇmāturaḥ , tārakajit , agnibhūḥ , pārvatīnandanaḥ kaarttik kukubhaḥ Masculine Singular prase vakaḥ the belly below the neck of a lute rāmaḥ 3.3.148 Masculine Singular ruk , stambaḥ , se nā sainikaḥ 2.8.62 Masculine Singular se nārakṣaḥ se nā2.8.79 Feminine Singular sainyam , camūḥ , vāhinī , anīkam , balam , anīkanī , dhvajinī , cakram , varūthinī , pṛtanā se nā3.5.40 Masculine Singular se nābhigamanam2.8.96 Neuter Singular se nāṅgam2.8.34 Neuter Singular se nānīḥ2.8.63 Masculine Singular vahinīpatiḥ se tuḥMasculine Singular āliḥ se vā2.9.2 Feminine Singular śvavṛttiḥ se vakaḥ2.8.9 Masculine Singular arthī , anujīvī se vanam03.04.2005 Neuter Singular sīvanam , syūtiḥ sokapātram 1.10.13 Neuter Singular se canama bucket śyāmā 2.2.55 Feminine Singular govandanī , priyakaḥ , viśvakse nā , priyaṅguḥ , latā , kārambhā , phalā , gundrā , mahilāhvayā , gandhaphalī , phalinī syūta 2.9.27 Masculine Singular prase vaḥ ucchāyaḥ Masculine Singular utse dhaḥ , ucchrayaḥ uśīram Masculine Singular laghulayam , amṛṇālam , abhayam , iṣṭakāpatham , lāmajjakam , se vyam , avadāham , jalāśayam , naladam varaṇaḥ Masculine Singular se tuḥ , tiktaśākaḥ , kumārakaḥ , varuṇaḥ viṣam 3.3.231 Neuter Singular se vā , arthanā , bhṛtiḥ viṣṇuḥ 1.1.18-21 Masculine Singular adhokṣajaḥ , vidhuḥ , yajñapuruṣaḥ , viśvarūpaḥ , vaikuṇṭhaḥ , hṛṣīkeśaḥ , svabhūḥ , govindaḥ , acyutaḥ , janārdanaḥ , cakrapāṇiḥ , madhuripuḥ , devakīnandanaḥ , puruṣottamaḥ , kaṃsārātiḥ , kaiṭabhajit , purāṇapuruṣaḥ , jalaśāyī , muramardanaḥ , kṛṣṇaḥ , dāmodaraḥ , mādhavaḥ , puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ , pītāmbaraḥ , viśvakse naḥ , indrāvarajaḥ , padmanābhaḥ , trivikramaḥ , śrīpatiḥ , balidhvaṃsī , viśvambharaḥ , śrīvatsalāñchanaḥ , narakāntakaḥ , mukundaḥ , nārāyaṇaḥ , viṣṭaraśravāḥ , keśavaḥ , daityāriḥ , garuḍadhvajaḥ , śārṅgī , upendraḥ , caturbhujaḥ , vāsudevaḥ , śauriḥ , vanamālī(45) vishnu, the god viṣvakse napriyā Feminine Singular badarā , gṛṣṭiḥ , vārāhī paitṛṣvase yaḥ 2.6.25 Masculine Singular paitṛṣvasrīya carmaprase vikā 2.10.33 Feminine Singular bhastrā utse dhaḥ 3.3.103 Masculine Singular samarthanam , nīvākaḥ , niyamaḥ nṛse nam 3.5.40 Masculine Singular
Monier-Williams Search
Results for se 1173 results for se
se 2. sg. A1. of 1. as - . se m. and f(si - ). n. serving se bhyam. (?) coldness se bhyamf(ā - )n. cold se ca(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) sprinkling, pouring out etc. se cakam. "sprinkler", a cloud se cālin gaRa suvāstv -ādi - (varia lectio sevālin - ). se canamfn. sprinkling, pouring out, emitting (See viṣa -s - ) se canan. emission, effusion se canan. sprinkling or watering with (compound ) se canan. a shower-bath se canan. casting (of metals) se canan. a bucket, baling-vessel se canaghaṭam. a watering-pot se canakan. a shower-bath se canīf. gaRa gaurā di - se canīyamfn. to be sprinkled or watered or poured out or effused se citamfn. (fr. Causal of sic - ) sprinkled, watered se cyamfn. equals secanīya - se ddhavyamfn. (fr. 2. sidh - ) to be kept off or prevented se dhamf(ā - )n. keeping or driving away (See goṣedh/ā - ) se dham. equals niṣedha - , prohibition (See vidhiṣedha - ) se dhāf. "prohibiting contact (?)", a hedgehog or porcupine se dhakamfn. driving off, preventing se dhanan. on se dhanīyamfn. equals seddhavya - above. se dif. (fr. sad - ) weariness, exhaustion, decay se divas perfect tense parasmE-pada of sad - q.v se dukam. Name of a king se gavam. (see syagavi - ) a young crab se hanamfn. equals sāsahāṇa - se hānaSee 1. sah - , . se hnokaor sehloka - m. Name of a poet (see sohnoka - ) se hum. a particular dry substance se hum. a particular organ in the body se huṇḍam. Euphorbia Ligularia (see sīh - ) se huṇḍāf. idem or 'm. Euphorbia Ligularia (see sīh - ) ' se k (see srek - ) cl.1 A1. sekate - , to go, move se kam. (fr. sic - ) pouring out, emission, effusion (as of the seminal fluid;also "the fluid itself") se kam. sprinkling, besprinkling, moistening or watering with (compound ) etc. se kam. a shower-bath se kam. a libation, offering se kam. a drop of anything se kam. plural Name of a people se kabhājanan. a vessel for pouring out or holding water, watering-pot, bucket se kaṃdharam. See sekandhara - sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order se kaṃdharapurīf. See se kamiśrānnan. food mixed with curds se kandharam. = $, Iskandar (Alexander) se kandharapurīf. Alexander's city se kāntam. the end of the watering (of plants etc.) se kapātra n. a vessel for pouring out or holding water, watering-pot, bucket se kimamfn. sprinkled or watered with (compound ) se kimamfn. cast (as iron) Va1rtt. 2 se kiman. a radish se ktavyamfn. to be sprinkled or poured out etc. se ktṛmfn. sprinkling, a sprinkler se ktṛmfn. one who impregnates, impregnator (of cows or horses) on se ktṛm. a husband se ktran. a vessel for holding or pouring out water, watering-pot, bucket, baling-vessel se l varia lectio for śel - q.v se lam. or n. (prob. Prakrit for śaila - ) a kind of weapon (Bombay edition ) se lam. a particular high number (see selu - ) se lagam. (perhaps fr. sela - equals śaila - + ga - ) a waylayer, robber se lhāram. Name of a family se lileśam. = (la -pati - ) se lisam. a kind of white deer se llam. or n. (?) a kind of weapon se lum. equals śelu - , Cordia Myxa se lum. a particular high number (see sela - ) se mantīf. the Indian white rose se mantikāf. idem or 'f. the Indian white rose ' se namfn. (7. sa - + ina - ) having a master or lord, dependent on another se na(?) n. the body se nāf. (fr. 2. si - ) a missile, dart, spear se nāf. Name of indra - 's wife (or his thunderbolt so personified) se nāf. an army, armament, battle-array, armed force (also personified as wife of kārttikeya - ; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' also n(sena - ). ) etc. se nāf. a small army (consisting of 3 elephants, 3 chariots, 9 horse, and 15 foot) se nāf. any drilled troop or band or body of men se nāf. a kind of title or addition to the names of persons (also names of courtezans) (see ) se nāf. Name of a courtezan (abridged fr. kubera -senā - ) se nāf. of the mother of śambhava - (the third arhat - of the present avasarpiṇī - ) se na(for 1. 2.See column 2) , in compound for senā - . se nābhaṅgam. the breaking of an army, rout, disorderly flight se nābhigoptṛ(nā bh - ) m. the guardian of an army se nābindum. Name of a king se nācaram. "going with an army", a soldier, warrior se nādhinātham. (nā dh - ) the chief of an army (See sarva -sen - ) se nādhinātham. Name of a man se nādhipa(nā dh - ) m. the commander of an army. se nādhipati( ) m. the commander of an army. se nādhyakṣa( ) m. the commander of an army. se nāgni(nā gni - ) m. the agni - of an army se nāgopam. the keeper of an army (a particular office) se nāgran. (nā gra - ) the front or van of an army se nāgragam. "going at the front of an army", a general se nāgragāminm. "going at the front of an army", a general se nāhanm. Name of a son of śambara - (varia lectio sena -h - ) se nahanSee senā -han - above. se najitmfn. vanquishing armies se najitm. Name of a king se najitm. of a son of kṛṣṇa - se najitm. of a son of viśva -jit - se najitm. of a son of bṛhat -karman - se najitm. of a son of kṛśā śva - se najitm. of a son of viśada - se najitf. Name of an apsaras - (Scholiast or Commentator ) se nājīva (nā j - ) m. "living by or with an army" idem or 'm. "going with an army", a soldier, warrior ' se nājīvin(nā j - ) m. "living by or with an army" idem or ' (nā j - ) m. "living by or with an army" idem or 'm. "going with an army", a soldier, warrior ' ' se nājūmfn. swift as an arrow se nakam. Name of a grammarian se nakam. of a son of śambara - se nākakṣam. "the flank of an army"and"an army compared to dry wood" se nākarmann. the leading or managing of an army se nakulan. the family of the sena - s (id est of persons and princes whose names end in sena - ; see under senā - ) se nāmukhan. the van of an army se nāmukhan. a division or company of an army (consisting of 3 or 9 elephants, 3 or 9 chariots, 9 or 27 horses, 15 or 45 foot-soldiers) se nāmukhan. a covered way leading to a city gate se nāmukhīf. Name of a goddess se nānātham. Name of an author se nāṅgan. (nā ṅga - ) the component part of an army (supposed to consist of four divisions: elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry) se nāṅgan. a division of an army se nāṅgapatim. the leader of a division se nānīm. (Nominal verb n/īs - ; dative case ablative plural n/ibhyas - ; grammar also accusative sg. nyam - ; locative case nyām - etc.) the leader of an army, commander, general, chief etc. se nānīm. Name of kārttikeya - (god of war) etc. se nānīm. of one of the rudra - s se nānīm. of a son of śambara - se nānīm. of a son of dhṛta -rāṣṭra - se nānīm. of a die (the head of a host of dice) se nānibhogīnamfn. on Va1rtt. 3 se nānigrāmaṇīm. dual number the leader of an army and the chief of a village se nāparicchadmfn. surrounded by an army se nāpatim. the general of an army etc. se nāpatim. Name of kārttikeya - se nāpatim. of śiva - se nāpatim. of a son of dhṛta -rāṣṭra - se nāpatipatim. the chief commander of an army se nāpatitvan. generalship se nāpatyan. (prob. wrong reading for saināp - ) commandership, generalship se nāpraṇetṛm. the leader of an army se nāpṛṣṭhan. the rear of an army se nāpuran. Name of a city se nārakṣam. "army-protector", a guard, sentinel se nāsamudayam. an assembled army se naskandham. Name of a son of śambara - se nāstham. "being in an army", a soldier se nāsthānan. a camp se nāvāham. the leader of an army se nāvāsam. a camp se nāvinduSee -bindu - . se nāvyūham. battle-array se nayaNom. P. yati - etc. See abhi -ṣeṇaya - , . se nāyogam. equipment of an army se ndramfn. accompanied by or together with indra - se ndracāpamfn. along with indra - 's bow se ndradhṛtimfn. (?) se ndragaṇamfn. together with indra - 's troops se ndrakam. plural Name of a family se ndratā(dr/a - - ) f. ( ) union or connection with indra - . se ndratvan. ( ) union or connection with indra - . se ndrāyudhapurogamamfn. preceded by the rainbow se ndrāyudhataḍitmfn. with a rainbow and lightning se ndriyamfn. possessed of manly vigour or potency ( sendriyatva -tv/a - n. ) se ndriyamfn. together with the organs of sense se ndriyatvan. sendriya se ndubham. Name of poet se nduḍa m. Name of poet se nduka m. Name of poet se ṅgaram. (said to be equals sṛṅgivara - ) Name of a family se niSee tīrtha -s - , . se nīyaSee yukta -s - , . se nyamfn. caused by the throw of a spear se nyam. a spearman, warrior se pānakan. equals sopāna - (See next) . se pānakaparamparāf. a flight of steps, staircase se pha wrong reading for śepha - q.v se puran. Name of a village of the bāhīka - s se ramfn. used in explaining sīra - se rāham. a horse of milk-white colour se rālan. pale-yellowness se rālamf(ā - )n. pale-yellow se rṣyamf(ā - )n. full of envy, envious, jealous of (compound ) se rṣyamind. enviously, jealously se rumfn. binding, fastening se ruSee column 2. se rurāham. a serāha - horse with a mark on the forehead se ṣmīyāṇaSee smi - , Intensive se ṣṭimfn. (7. sa - + 3. iṣṭi - ) provided with a sacrifice se ṣṭikamfn. idem or 'mfn. (7. sa - + 3. iṣṭi - ) provided with a sacrifice ' se ṣumfn. (7. sa - + iṣu - ) having an arrow (See next) . se ṣudhanvanmfn. having a bow and arrow se ṣukamf(ā - )n. having an arrow se śvaramfn. (7. sa - + īśvara - ) having a god, theistical (See next) . se śvarasāṃkhyan. the theistical branch of the sāṃkhya - school of philosophy se ṭam. a particular weight or measure se takīf. gaRa nady -ādi - . se tavyaSee column 2. se tavyamfn. to be bound or fastened together varia lectio se ṭham. (fr. śreṣṭha - ,but equals śreṣṭhin - ) se tṛmfn. binding, fettering, a bond or binder se tran. a bond, ligament, fetter se ṭum. a kind of water-melon or cucumber se tumfn. (fr. 1. si - ) binding, who or what binds or fetters se tum. a bond, fetter se tum. a ridge of earth, mound, bank, causeway, dike, dam, bridge, any raised piece of ground separating fields (serving as a boundary or as a passage during inundations) etc. se tum. rāma - 's bridge (See setubandha - ) se tum. a landmark, boundary, limit (also figuratively = "barrier, bounds") etc. se tum. a help to the understanding of a text, an explanatory commentary (also Name of various commentaries) se tum. an established institution, fixed rule se tum. the praṇava - or sacred syllable Om (which is said to be mantrāṇāṃ setuḥ - ) se tum. Crataeva Roxburghii or Tapia Crataeva (equals varaṇa - , varuṇa - ) se tum. Name of a son of druhyu - and brother of babhru - se tum. of a son of babhru - se tum. of a place se tubandham. the forming of a causeway or bridge, a dam or bridge (especially the ridge of rocks extending from rāme śvara - on the Southeastern coast of India to Ceylon, and supposed to have been formed by hanumat - as a bridge for the passage of rāma - 's army) se tubandham. Name of various works (especially of the 13th chapter of the bhaṭṭi -kāvya - and of a Prakrit poem on the history of rāma - , also called rāma -setu - ,or rāvaṇa -vaha - ,attributed to pravarasena - and sometimes to kālidāsa - ). se tubandhanan. the construction of a bridge or dam se tubandhanan. a bridge or dam se tubandhanan. a limit, barrier se tubandhanan. Name of a Pauranic work se tubhedam. the breaking down of an embankment se tubhedinmfn. breaking down barriers, removing obstructions se tubhedinm. Croton Polyandrum or Tiglium se tubhettṛm. the destroyer of a dam or bridge se tujam. plural Name of a district of dakṣiṇā -patha - se tukam. a causeway, bridge se tukam. Crataeva Roxburghii se tukaram. the builder of a bridge se tukarmann. the work of building a bridge se tukāvyan. Name of a poem. se tukhaṇḍam. n. Name of a chapter of the skanda -purāṇa - . se tumāhātmyan. Name of work se tumaṅgalamantram. Name of work se tupatim. "lord of the bridge or causeway", an hereditary title belonging to the chiefs of Ramnad as controlling the passage of the channel between rāme śvara - and Ceylon See column 2. se tupradam. Name of kṛṣṇa - se tuśailam. a mountain or hill forming a boundary se tuṣāmann. (with svargya - ) Name of a sāman - se tusaṃgraham. Name of a commentator or commentary on the mugdha -bodha - . se tusaraṇif. Name of a Sanskrit translation of the setu -bandha - by śiva -nārāyaṇa -dāsa - . se tusnānavidhim. Name of work se tuvṛkṣam. Crataeva Roxburghii se tuyātrāvidhim. Name of work se v cl.1 A1. ( ) sevate - (rarely ti - ; perfect tense siṣeve - , va - etc.; future sevitā - grammar ; seviṣyate - , ti - ; Aorist asiṣevat - , aseviṣṭa - grammar ; infinitive mood sevitum - etc.; ind.p. sevitvā - , -sevya - ), to dwell or stay near or in (locative case ) ; to remain or stay at, live in, frequent, haunt, inhabit, resort to (accusative ) etc. ; to serve, wait or attend upon, honour, obey, worship ; to cherish, foster (a child) ; to present with (instrumental case ) ; to enjoy sexually, have sexual intercourse with (accusative ) etc. ; to refresh by soft breezes, fan (said of the wind) ; to devote or apply one's self to, cultivate, study, practise, use, employ, perform, do etc. ; to exist or be found in anything (accusative ) : Passive voice sevyate - , to be followed or served etc. : Causal sevayati - (Aorist asiṣevat - ), to attend upon, serve, honour ; to tend, cherish (plants) : Desiderative of Causal See sisevayiṣu - : Desiderative siseviṣate - , ti - grammar : Intensive seṣevyate - se van. (either fr. sev - or siv - ) gaRa pacā di - equals sevi - 1, an apple se vāf. going or resorting to, visiting, frequenting se vāf. service, attendance on (locative case genitive case ,or compound ; sevāṃ - kṛ - ,with genitive case ,"to be in the service of") etc. se vāf. worship, homage, reverence, devotion to (genitive case or compound ) se vāf. sexual intercourse with (compound ) se vāf. addiction to, indulgence in, practice or employment or frequent enjoyment of (compound ) se vābhirata(vā bh - ) mfn. rejoicing in or fond of service se vābhṛtmfn. maintaining service, serving, honouring (compound ) se vādakṣamf(ā - )n. skilled in service se vādharmam. the duties or functions of service se vadhi wrong reading for śeva -dhi - . se vājanam. a servant, attendant se vakaSee 2. sev - sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order se vakamfn. (for 2.See column 2) dwelling in, inhabiting (compound ) se vakamfn. practising, using, employing (compound ) se vakamfn. revering, worshipping (mostly compound ) se vakam. a servant, attendant, follower se vakam. a votary, worshipper se vakam. (fr. siv - ;for 1. sevaka -See column 1) one that sews, a sewer se vakam. a sack se vākākuf. change of voice in service (id est sometimes speaking loudly, sometimes softly, sometimes angrily, sometimes sorrowfully) se vakālum. a kind of plant (equals niśa -bhaṅga - ;commonly called dugdhapeyā - ) se vākaumudīf. Name of work on bhakti - . se vakottamam. (andf(ā - ). ) best of servants se vālinmfn. (fr. savāla -See śev - ) gaRa suvāstv -ādi - ( secālin - ). se vanaSee 2. sev - sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order se vanan. (for 2.See column 2) the act of frequenting or visiting or dwelling in or resorting to (compound ) se vanan. waiting upon, attendance, service etc. se vanan. honouring, reverence, worship, adoration (alsof(ā - ). ) etc. se vanan. sexual enjoyment, intercourse with (compound ) se vanan. devotion or addiction to, fondness for, indulgence in, practise or employment of (genitive case or compound ) se vanan. (for 1.See column 1) the act of sewing, darning, stitching se vanan. a sack se vanabhāvanākāvyan. Name of work se vanīf. a needle se vanīf. a seam se vanīf. a suture or peculiar, seam-like union of parts of the body (seven in number, viz. five of the cranium, one of the tongue, and one of the glans penis) se vanīf. a kind of small jasmine se vaninm. a ploughman (?) ( ) se vanīyamfn. (for 2. See column 2) to be followed or practised se vanīyamfn. to be served or waited upon or honoured se vanīyamfn. (for 1. See column 1) to be sewn or stitched together se vāñjali(vā ñj - ) m. a servant's reverential salutation with hollowed hands (See añjali - ) se vantikāpariṇayam. Name of a nāṭaka - or a kāvya - se vāphalastotran. Name of a hymn by vallabhā cārya - se vāphalastotravivṛtif. Name of Comm. se vāphaloktivivṛtif. Name of Comm. se vāsīind. (with 1. kṛ - ) gaRa ūry -ādi - (varia lectio ) se vatīf. the Indian white rose se vātīrtham. Name of an author se vāvalamba(vā v - ) mfn. depending on another's service se vāvasara(vā v - ) m. opportunity for worship or adoration se vāvicāram. Name of work on bhakti - . se vāvilāsinīf. a female servant se vāvṛttif. a livelihood gained by service se vāvyavahāram. the practice of service se vin. the jujube (equals badara - ) se vin. an apple (in this sense prob. fr. Persian seb - ) se viin compound for sevin - . se vikāf. a particular sweetmeat (a kind of vermicelli made of wheat-flour and boiled in milk and sugar) se vinmfn. (only in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) going or resorting to, frequenting, inhabiting etc. se vinmfn. attending on, serving, a servant se vinmfn. honouring, revering, deferential to etc. se vinmfn. having sexual intercourse with se vinmfn. addicted to, fond of, enjoying, practising, employing se vitāf. service, attendance se vitamfn. dwelt in, visited, frequented, followed, served etc. (See sev - ) se vitamfn. furnished or endowed with, abounding in (compound ) se vitan. = sevi - 1 se vitamanmathamfn. addicted to love or amorous enjoyments se vitavyamfn. (for 2. See below) to be frequented or inhabited se vitavyamfn. to be followed or practised etc. se vitavyamfn. to be tended or taken care of se vitavyamfn. (for 1. See above) to be sewn se vitṛmfn. (only in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) one who honours or worships se vitṛmfn. one who follows or pursues se vitṛm. a servant, attendant se vitvan. seeking, resorting to (compound ) se vitvan. honouring, deference towards (compound ) se vitvan. the state of one who dwells in or inhabits se vyamfn. to be resorted to or frequented or inhabited by (genitive case ) se vyamfn. to be followed (as a path) se vyamfn. to be approached se vyamfn. to be waited upon or served or obeyed, a master (as opp. to"a servant") etc. se vyamfn. to be honoured, honourable etc. se vyamfn. to be enjoyed carnally se vyamfn. to be practised or used or employed etc. se vyamfn. to be studied se vyamfn. to be kept or hoarded se vyamfn. to be taken care of or guarded se vyam. the aśvattha - tree, Ficus Religiosa se vyam. Barringtonia Acutangula se vyam. a sparrow se vyam. an intoxicating drink made from the blossoms of the Bassia Latifolia se vyāf. the parasitical plant vandā - se vyam. Emblic Myrobolam se vyam. a kind of wild grain or rice se vyan. the root of Andropogon Muricatus se vyan. red sandal-wood se vyan. sea-salt se vyan. the thick middle part of curds se vyan. water se vyamānamfn. being dwelt in or served or used etc. se vyase vakaum. dual number master and servant se vyatāf. se vyatvan. the state of being liable or worthy to be served or honoured or revered or followed or pursued se yan. (fr. san - ) obtaining (See śata -s - ). se yamfn. (fr. so - ). See ava -seya - . se yaSee sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order se yanam. Name of a son of viśvāmitra - (varia lectio sayana - ) abhise vana n. practising, cultivating abhyāyaṃse nya mfn. (said of the aśvin - s) one who allows himself to be drawn near (for accepting the sacrificial oblation) abhyupase v -sevate - , to observe religiously adhise nāpati f. the chief commander of an army, adhyavase ya mfn. only to be conceived in the mind, ādityase na m. Name of a prince agandhase vin mfn. not addicted to perfumes, agrase na m. Name of janamejaya - 's son. āharase nā gaRa mayūra -vyaṃsakā di - aindrase ni m. a descendant of indra - sena ājijñāse nyā See ā - jñā - . ājijñāse nyā f. plural (fr. Desiderative ) scilicet ṛcas - ,"liable to investigation", Name of some of the kuntāpa - hymns (of the ) alase kṣaṇa mf(ā - )n. having languishing or tired looks ambuse canī f. ( -vāhinī - ) a wooden baling vessel amitrase nā f. hostile army (= ) aṃse bhāra m. a burden on the shoulder, (gaRa bhastrā di - q.v ) aṃse bhārika mf(ī - )n. bearing a burden on the shoulder anaṅgase nā f. Name of a dramatic personage. anāyāse na ind. easily. aṅgārase tu m. Name of a prince, father of gāndhāra - . āṅgirase śvaratīrtha n. Name of a tīrtha - antaḥse nam ind. into the midst of the armies. anupase cana mfn. having nothing that moistens (exempli gratia, 'for example' no sauce) anuse v to practise, observe. anuse vin mfn. practising, observing, habitually addicted to. anutse ka m. absence of arrogance or highmindedness. anutse kin mfn. not arrogant or puffed up anvāse cana n. sprinkling, aprayāse na ind. easily aśanāyāpipāse (aśanāy/ā - - ) f. Nominal verb dual number hunger and thirst ase cana mfn. (also ā -sec - q.v ) charming, lovely āse cana n. pouring into, wetting, sprinkling āse cana n. a reservoir or vessel for fluids āse cana mfn. equals a -secana - qq.v. āse cana mfn. (for 1. ā -secana -See ā - sic - .) ase canaka ([ ]) ([ ]) mfn. idem or 'mfn. (also ā -sec - q.v ) charming, lovely ' āse canaka mfn. equals a -secanaka - qq.v. ase canakadarśana mfn. lovely to see, āse canavat mfn. serving for sprinkling āse canī f. a small vessel ase canīya ([ ]) mfn. idem or 'mfn. lovely to see, ' āse ddhṛ m. one who confines, imprisons āse dha m. arrest, custody, legal restraint of four kinds, (kālā sedha - ,limitation of time; sthānā sedha - ,confinement to a place; pravāsā sedha - ,prohibition against removal or departure; karmā sedha - ,restriction from employment) āse ka m. wetting, sprinkling, watering āse kya See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. āse kya m. (fr. a -seka - ), impotent, a man of slight generative power ase nya (4) mfn. not striking or wounding, not hurting (as words) āse v (rarely P. ) A1. -sevati - , -te - , to frequent ; to abide in, inhabit, dwell on ; to attend to, serve ; to honour ; to take the part of, side with etc. ; to enjoy (sexual intercourse) ; to indulge in, like ; to perform assiduously, practise ase vā f. not following or practising ase vā f. disregard, inattention. āse vā f. idem or 'n. assiduous practice or performance of anything ' āse vana n. abiding in āse vana n. assiduous practice or performance of anything āse vin mfn. frequenting, inhabiting āse vin mfn. zealously cultivating or performing anything ase vita mfn. neglected, unattended to ase vita mfn. abstained from. āse vita mfn. frequented āse vita mfn. practised assiduously. ase viteśvaradvāra mfn. not waiting at the doors of the great ase vya mfn. not to be served or attended to ase vya mfn. not to be visited by (genitive case ) ase vya mfn. not to be used or practised, not to be eaten, drunk, etc. āse vya mfn. to be frequented or visited, aśvase na m. Name of a nāga - aśvase na m. of a son of kṛṣṇa - aśvase na m. of the father of the twenty-third arhat - of the present avasarpiṇī - atise na m. Name of a prince. atise v to use or enjoy immoderately, to practise excessively ; see ati -sevā - sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ati - . atise vā f. excessive addiction (to a habit). atithise vā f. attention to a guest. augrase ni m. a descendant of ugra -sena - augrase nya m. idem or 'm. a descendant of ugra -sena - ' on vArttika 7 on avantise na m. Name of a man avase cana n. sprinkling, avase cana n. water used for irrigating (trees) avase cana n. bathing avase cana n. bleeding avase cita mfn. equals -srkta - avase ka m. sprinkling, irrigating (as the ground) avase ka m. syringing, administering a clyster , bleeding (with leeches) avase kima m. a kind of cake (pulse ground and fried with oil or butter) avase ya mfn. to be ascertained, be understood, be made out, be learnt, from commentator or commentary etc. avase ya mfn. "to be brought to a close", be destroyed ayase Vedic or Veda infinitive mood fr. i - q.v ayuddhase na mfn. whose arrows or armies are un conquered, irresistible balase na m. Name of a warrior balase nā f. a strong army, an army, host ballālase nadeva m. Name of an author bhadrase na m. Name of a man with the patronymic ājātaśatrava - bhadrase na m. of a son of vasu -deva - and devakī - bhadrase na m. of a son of ṛṣabha - bhadrase na m. of a son of mahiṣmat - (also naka - ) bhadrase na m. of a king of kaśmīra - bhadrase na m. (with Buddhists) Name of the leader of the host of the evil spirit māra -pāpīyas - bhaimase na (bh/aima - - ) m. patronymic fr. bhīma -s - , bhaimase ni m. (fr. bhīma -sena - ) patronymic of divo -dāsa - bhaimase ni m. of ghaṭo tkaca - bhaimase nya m. patronymic fr. bhima -sena - Va1rtt. 7 bhaiṣajyase na m. Name of a bodhi -sattva - bhānuse na m. Name of a man bharaṇise na m. Name of a man bharatase na m. Name of Scholiast or Commentator on various poems (lived about 100 years ago) bhāskarase na m. Name of a poet bhāvase na m. Name of a grammarian bhīmase na m. (bhīm/a - - ) "having a formidable army", Name of a deva -gandharva - bhīmase na m. of a yakṣa - bhīmase na m. of the second son of pāṇḍu - (see bhīm/a - ) bhīmase na m. of various other men etc. bhīmase na m. a kind of camphor bhīmase namaya mfn. consisting of bhīma -sena - bhogase na m. Name of a man bhūmise na m. Name of one of the sons of the 10th manu - bhūmise na m. of a scholar bījase ktṛ m. "sprinkler of seed", a generator on binduse na m. Name of a king (son of kṣatraujas - ) bṛhatse na m. Name of various kings. bṛhatse na m. of a son of kṛṣṇa - bṛhatse na m. of a son of su -nakṣatra - bṛhatse nā f. Name of damayantī - 's nurse buddhase na m. Name of a king caitrase ni m. patronymic fr. citra -sena - , cakrase na m. Name of a son of tārā -candra - and father of siṃha - cakrase nā f. Name of a princess caṇḍamahāse na m. Name of a king of ujjayinī - candrase na m. Name of a prince (son of samudra -sena - ) candrase na m. equals -vāhana - candrase na m. Name of a hero of kālikā - , caraṇase vā f. "service on one's feet", devotion carmaprase vaka m. equals -puṭa - carmaprase vikā f. idem or 'm. equals -puṭa - ' cirase vaka m. an old servant citrase na mfn. (tr/a - - ) having a bright spear, citrase na m. Name of a snake-demon citrase na m. of a leader of the gandharva - s (son of viśvā -vasu - ) citrase na m. of a son (of dhṛta -rāṣṭra - ;of parikṣit - , ;of śambara - ;of nariṣyanta - ;of the 13th manu - ;of gada - or kṛṣṇa - ) citrase na m. of an adversary of kṛṣṇa - , 5059 citrase na m. of tarāsandha - 's general (ḍimbhaka - ) citrase na m. of a divine recorder of the deeds of men citrase na m. (equals -gupta - ) the secretary of a man of rank citrase na m. Name of a scholiast on piṅgala - 's work on metres citrase nā f. Name of an apsaras - citrase nā f. of one of the mothers in skanda - 's retinue citrase nā f. of a courtesan citrase nā f. of a river (see caitraseni - .) daityase nā f. Name of a daughter of prajā -pati - and sister of deva -senā - dakse hiṇāvarta mfn. turning (from the left) to the right (a conch-shell ; kuṇḍala - ;a fruit ;a woman's navel ) dakse hiṇāvarta mfn. moving in the southern course (the sun) dakse hiṇāvarta m. a conch-shell opening to the right daṃṣṭrāse na m. Name of a scholar daṇḍase na m. Name of a son of viṣvak -sena - daṇḍase na m. of another prince (equals -dhāra - ) dāntase na m. Name of men. darśapaurṇamāse ṣṭi - f. equals darśa -pūrṇ - . darśapūrṇamāse ṣṭi f. a new and full moon sacrifice. dāse ra m. = dāseya - 1 dāse ra m. a fisherman (see dāś - ) dāse ra m. a camel dāse raka m. = dāseya - 1 dāse raka m. a fisherman (see dāś - ) dāse raka m. a camel Name of a man plural in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' his descendants dāse raka m. of a people (see dāś - ) dāse rakī f. a female camel dāse raki m. patronymic fr. dāseraka - , dāse ya m. (fr. dāsī - ) the son of a female slave dāse ya m. slave, servant dāse ya See dāśeya - . devase na m. Name of a king of śrāvastī - devase na m. of a king of pauṇḍra -vardhana - devase na m. of a cowherd devase na m. of a arhat - devase nā f. a host of celestials etc. (plural the hosts of deva - or īśāna - ; devasenāpati -pati - [ ] m. and devasenāpriya -priya - [ ] m. Name of skanda - ) devase na m. Name of a daughter of prajā -pati - or niece (daughter ) of indra - and wife of skanda - devase na m. a particle of mūla -prakṛti - devase na m. Name of commentator or commentary on devase nāpati m. devasenā devase nāpriya m. devasenā dhanaṃjayase na m. Name of a poet dharase na m. Name of 2 princes of the vallabhī - dynasty dharmādharmase nāhanana n. Name of chapter of the dharmase na m. Name of a king dharmase na m. of an author dharmase tu m. barrier of law or justice dharmase tu m. Name of śiva - dharmase tu m. of a son of āryaka - dharmase vana n. fulfilment of duties dhṛtotse ka mfn. possessing pride, haughty, arrogant dhruvase ind. (dative case as infinitive mood ) to stop or rest dhruvase na m. Name of 2 valabhī - princes dīkṣāse tu m. Name of work divase śvara m. "day-lord", the sun divodāse śvaraliṅga n. Name of a liṅga - divyarase ndrasāra m. Name of work dṛḍhase na m. "having a strong army", Name of a prince drumase na m. Name of a king (identified with the asura - gaviṣṭha - ) duḥse vya mfn. difficult to be managed, intractable durāse va mfn. difficult to be dealt with or associated with durgase na m. Name of an author durvāse śvara n. Name of a liṅga - dvijase vā f. service of the twice-born (by śūdra - s) dvijase vaka m. equals -dāsa - dviṭse vā f. service of a foe, treachery dviṭse vin mfn. serving an enemy, traitor dyumatse na m. Name of a prince of śālva - , father of satyavat - gandhase vaka mfn. using fragrances ghāse ajra mfn. "impelling to consume", exciting appetite girise na m. Name of a man gīrvāṇase nāpati m. "army-chief of the gods", Name of skanda - gose ind. (varia lectio go -śe - ) at day-break gose vā f. attendance on a cow guhase na m. Name of a prince guhase na m. of a merchant guruse vā f. obsequiousness to a Guru haimacitrasamutse dha mfn. enchased with golden pictures haṃse śvaratīrtha n. Name of a tīrtha - harise na m. Name of a minister of samudra -gupta - harise na m. of an author harise vakamiśra m. Name of an author haritase na m. Name of a king hastimallase na m. Name of an author hastise na m. Name of a king herambakase na m. Name of an author herambase na m. Name of a medicine author. hīnase vā f. attendance on base or low people horāse tu m. Name of work indrase na m. Name of several men indrase na m. Name of a nāga - indrase na m. of a mountain indrase nā f. indra - 's army indrase na m. Name of a goddess indrase na m. of several women indrase nadvitīya mfn. attended by indra -sena - . indrāvase kta m. plural "watered by indra - ", Name (also title or epithet) of a class of ascetics who subsist only on vegetables, indriyase vana n. sensual enjoyment, iṣitase na m. Name of a man īśvarase na m. Name of a king īśvarase vā f. the worship of God. jagatse ṭa m. Name of a man jalase ka m. sprinkling with water jātase na m. Name of a man Va1rtt. 7 , jātase nya m. patronymic fr. -sena - jayase na m. (equals jayat -s - ) Name of a magadha - king jayase na m. of a son (of adīna - or ahīna - ;of sārvabhauma - , ;of mahe ndra -varman - ) jayase na m. of the father of the āvantyau - jayase na m. of a Buddhist jayase nā f. Name of a surā ṅganā - Concl. jayase nā f. of a female door-keeper jayase nā f. of another woman jayatse na m. (ya -s - ),"having victorious armies", Name of a magadha - king jayatse na m. of a son (of sārvabhauma - ; of nadīna - ) jayatse na m. a N. assumed by a pāṇḍu - prince at virāṭa - 's court jayatse nā f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda - , ix, 2624. jayendrase nā f. Name of a woman jinase na m. Name of the author of trivarṇācāra -saṃhitā - harivaṃśa - - and triṣaṣṭilakṣaṇa -purāṇa - (completed by guṇa -bhadra - ). kakṣase na m. Name of a rājarṣi - kākṣase ni m. "son of kakṣasena - ", Name of abhipratārin - kākṣase ni m. kaliṅgase nā f. Name of a princess kalyāṇamitrase vana n. the becoming a disciple of buddha - . kalyāṇase na m. Name of a king. kāmase na m. Name of a king of rāmavatī - kāmase nā f. the wife of nidhipati - . kanakase na m. Name of a king kandarpase nā f. Name of a woman kandarpase nā f. of a surāṅganā - . kārkalāse ya m. (fr. kṛkalās/a - ), Name of a man gaRa śubhrā di - . karmase na m. Name of a king karmase nīya mfn. belonging to that king karpūrase na m. Name of a king, kāse ruyajñika See kās - . kase tu m. (equals kaseru - ), Name of a part of bhārata -varṣa - kāśīse tu m. Name of work kedārase tu m. a dyke raised round a field khaḍgase na m. Name of a man kimutse dha mf(ā - )n. of what height? kīrtise na m. Name of a nephew of the serpent-king vāsuki - kṛmise na m. Name of a yakṣa - kroḍakase ruka m. Cyperus rotundus kṛṣise vā f. agriculture kṛṣṇase vāhnika n. Name of work kṛttivāse śvaraliṅga n. kṛttivāsa kṣīropase cana n. pouring milk upon kuberase nā f. Name (also title or epithet) of a courtezan, kulase vaka m. an excellent attendant or servant kumārase na m. Name of a minister lakṣmaṇase na m. a king of the sena - dynasty of Eastern India (founder of an era, beginning on October 7, D. 1119) lakṣmīdharase na m. Name of a man lakṣmīse na m. Name of a man liṅgavise ṣaṇa n. Name of work madanase nā f. Name of various women madaprase ka m. idem or 'm. the issue of temple-juice (in a rutting elephant) ' madaprase ka m. the aphrodisiacal fluid (of a woman) (perhaps"sprinkling with wine"). mādhavase na m. Name of a prince mādhavase na m. of a poet mādhavase nārājan m. Name of a king madhuse na m. Name of a prince of madhupura - mahāmantrādise vāprakāra m. Name of work mahase na m. Name of a prince mahāse na mfn. (mah/ā - - ) having a great army ( ) mahāse na m. the commander of a large force, a general mahāse na m. Name of kārttikeya - or skanda - etc. mahāse na m. of śiva - mahāse na m. the father of the 8th jina - of the present era mahāse na m. Name of various sovereigns mahāse nā f. a great army mahase nanareśvara m. Name of the father of the 8th arhat - of the present avasarpiṇī - mahāse nanareśvara m. Name of the father of the 8th arhat - of the present avasarpiṇī - (see mahasena -n - ) mahāse nāvyūhaparākrama m. Name of a yakṣa - mahāse tu m. "great bridge", Name of certain sacred syllables pronounced before a particular mystical formula mahatse na m. Name of a prince mahatse vā f. service of the great, homage (rendered) to great men mahāyakṣase nāpati m. a general of the great yakṣa - mahāyakṣase nāpati m. Name of a tantra - deity malimluse nā f. a band of robbers māṃse pad (strong from pād - ) m. a species of animal māṃse ṣṭā f. a species of flying animal (valgalā - ) mānitase na m. Name of a king mānotse kaparākramavyasanin mfn. possessing intense diligence, prowess, haughtiness and pride māse śvaraphala n. Name of work mathurāse tu m. Name of work mātṛṣvase ya m. ( ) a mother's sister's son mātṛsvase yā wrong reading for -ṣvasṛ - and -ṣvascyī - mātṛṣvase yī f. a mother's sister's daughter mitrase na m. Name of a gandharva - mitrase na m. of a son of the 12th manu - mitrase na m. of a grandson of kṛṣṇa - mitrase na m. of a king of the draviḍa - country mitrase na m. of a Buddhist mlecchataskarase vita mfn. infested by barbarians and robbers mṛcchakaṭikāse tu m. Name of a commentator or commentary on it by lallā -dīkṣita - . mṛgāṅkase na m. Name of a king of the vidyā -dhara - s mṛtyuse nā f. the army of the god of death mṛtyuse vaka m. equals -bhṛtya - q.v mukhase caka m. Name of , a serpent-demon muktāse na m. Name of a king of the vidyā -dhara - s muktise na m. Name of a man mukundase na m. Name of a man munise vita m. a kind of wild grain or rice mūrtise vana n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) worship of the idol of mūṣikanirvise ṣa mfn. not differing from a mouse. mūtraprase ka m. the urethra nabhaḥse nā f. Name of a woman nāgarase na m. Name of a prince nāgase na m. Name of a sthavira - nāgase na m. of a king of āryā -varta - and contemporary of samudra -gupta - nalase na m. Name of a prince nalase tu m. " nala - bridge", the causeway constructed by the monkey nala - for rāma - from the continent to laṅkā - (the modern Adam's Bridge) nandise na m. Name of an attendant of skanda - navyase ind. recently, lately nihatase na mfn. having (their) armies smitten or destroyed nise vitavya wrong reading for ni -ṣ - . nityase vaka mfn. always serving others notse ka mfn. not proud, humble, modest, nṛse na n. nṛse ni f. an army of men pādase vā f. "foot-salutation", service, duty pādase vana n. pādāvase cana n. water used for washing the feet padmase na m. Name of several men padmase nā f. Name of a woman paitṛkaṣvase ya m. paitṛkaṣvase yī f. equals paitṛ -ṣ - above. paitṛṣvase ya mf(ī - )n. sprung from a father's sister or paternal aunt (see ) paitṛṣvase ya m. a fathers's sister's son paitṛṣvase yī f. a father's sister's daughter paradāropase vana fn. approaching or touching or courting another's wife or wives, adultery paradeśase vin mfn. living abroad, a traveller parāse dha m. (fr. 2 . sidh - ) arrest, imprisonment parase vā f. service of another paryāyase vā f. service by rotation pāṣāṇase tubandha m. a barrier or dam of stone patise vā f. devotion to a husband paurṇamāse ṣṭi f. paurṇamāsa paurṇamāse ṣṭiprayoga m. paurṇamāsa pinākase na m. "armed with pināka - ", Name of skanda - piṇḍase ktṛ m. Name of a serpent-demon prabhāse śvaramāhātmya n. Name of work prabhūtayavase ndhana mfn. abounding in fresh grass and fuel pracaṇḍase na m. Name of a prince, of tāmra -liptikā - pradhānase vā f. chief or principal service prākṛtase tu m. Name of work prase cana n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā - ). ) the bowl of a spoon or ladle prase canavat mfn. having a bowl or spout (for pouring out fluids) prase dikā varia lectio for prasīdikā - q.v prase divas mfn. one who has become pleased or propitiated, favourable prase divas See pra - - sad - , p.696. prase ka m. flowing forth, dropping, oozing, effusion prase ka m. emission, discharge prase ka m. sprinkling, wetting prase ka m. exudation, resin prase ka m. running or watering of the mouth or nose, vomiting, nausea prase ka m. ( prasekatā -tā - f. idem or 'm. running or watering of the mouth or nose, vomiting, nausea ' ) prase ka m. the bowl of a spoon or ladle prase ka pra -secana - etc. See under pra - - . sic - , p.697. prase kam (ind.p. of pra - - sic - ) pouring out, prase katā f. praseka prase kin mfn. discharging a fluid prase kin mfn. suffering from morbid flow of saliva prase na m. or (n. ?) f. a kind of jugglery prase na m. Name of a prince (son of nighna - or nimna - ) prase na m. of a king of ujjayinī - (succeeded by vikramārka - or vikramā ditya - ). prase najit m. Name of several princes (especially of a sovereign of śrāvastī - contemporary with gautama - buddha - ) prāse najitī f. patronymic fr. prasena -jit - prase va m. ( siv - ) a sack or a leather bottle prase va m. the damper on the neck of a lute prāse va m. a rope (as part of a horse's harness) (see pra -s - ), prase vaka m. a sack, bag prase vaka m. a damper (equals prec.) prase vikā f. See carma -prasevikā - . pratise nā f. an opposing or hostile army pratise v A1. -sevate - , to pursue, follow (pleasure) ; to be kind towards (accusative ), serve, honour (equals prati - juṣ - ) on pratiṣiddhase vana n. doing what is prohibited pratiṣiddhase vin mfn. following or doing what is forbidden pratītase na m. Name of a prince pratyāse v A1. -sevate - equals prati - juṣ - , Causal pravarase na m. Name of 2 princes of kaśmīra - (see -nṛpati - and -bhūpati - ) (see ) . pravilase na or pravilla -sena - m. Name of a prince prayāgase tu m. Name of work prāyaścittase tu m. Name of work premase na m. Name of a prince priyase na m. Name of a man priyase vaka mfn. loving servants, kind towards servants pṛthuse na m. varia lectio for -ṣeṇa - q.v pulindase na m. Name (also title or epithet) of a kaliṅga - king, puṇyase na m. Name of a prince puṇyase na m. of another man purīndrase na (purā nd - ) m. Name of a prince pūrṇase na m. Name of an author puruse na m. Name of a poet pūrvābhyāse na ind. afresh, anew pūrvase vā f. first use or practice of (genitive case ) putrase na (putr/a - - ) m. Name of a man rabhase na ind. rabhasa rājakase ru m. or f. Cyperus Rotundus (also rukā - ) rājakase ru n. the root of Cyperus Pertenuis rājase See under rāj - . rājase na m. Name of a man rājase vā f. royal service rājase vaka m. a kind's servant rājase vaka m. a Rajput rājase vin m. a kind's servant rājase vopajīvin m. equals next rājopase vā f. royal service rājopase vin m. a king's servant rājyase na m. Name of a king of nandi -pura - rākṣase ndra ( ) m. " rākṣasa - -king", Name of rāvaṇa - . rākṣase śa ( ) m. " rākṣasa - -king", Name of rāvaṇa - . rākṣase śvara ( ) m. " rākṣasa - -king", Name of rāvaṇa - . rāmase na m. Name of the author of the rasa -sārāmṛta - rāmase naka m. Gentiana Cherayta rāmase naka m. Myrica Sapida rāmase tu m. " rāma - s's bridge", the ridge of coral rocks by which rāma - crossed to Ceylon (now called Adam's bridge, see rāmeśvara - below) rāmase tu m. Name of a poem (equals setu -bandha - ) rāmase tupradīpa m. Name of work rāmase vaka m. Name of a son of devī -datta - rāmase vaka m. of an author rāsabhase na m. Name of a king rasase tu m. Name of work rase kṣu m. sugar-cane rase ndra m. "chief of fluids", quicksilver rase ndra m. the philosopher's stone (the touch of which turns iron to gold) rase ndracintāmaṇi m. Name of work rase ndracūdāmaṇi m. Name of work rase ndrakalpadruma m. Name of work rase ndramaṅgala n. Name of work rase ndrasaṃhitā f. Name of work rase ndrasārasaṃgraha m. Name of work rāse rasa m. equals utsava - or equals parihāsa - rase śvara m. "lord of fluids", quicksilver rase śvaradarśana n. the science of the application of mercury, the doctrine of alchemy rase śvaradarśana n. Name of work ( ) rase śvarasiddhānta m. Name of work (establishing the efficacy of mercury in alchemy) ratise na m. Name of a king of the cola - s ratise na m. of a poet ratnase na m. Name of a king ravise na m. Name of a poet retaḥse ka m. idem or 'n. discharge of semen ' , sexual intercourse with (locative case ) retaḥse ktṛ m. "impregnator", one who has offspring rohase na m. Name of a boy rohiṇise na m. Name of a man ṛtase na m. Name of a gandharva - ṛtuse vya mfn. to be taken or applied at certain seasons (as particular medicines or food etc.) rudrase na m. Name of a warrior rudrase nā f. rudra - 's army (plural ) rūpamañjarīpādāmbujase vāprārthanā f. Name of stotra - . rūpanārāyaṇase na m. Name of man rūpase na m. Name of a vidyā -dhara - rūpase na m. of a king sadaśvase na m. Name of a man sādhase (Ved. infinitive mood ) for levelling or preparing land (with ks/aitrāya - ) sahase vin mfn. having intercourse with śailase tu m. a stone embankment, stone bridge śaktise na m. Name of a man śālvase ni m. plural Name of a people samāse cana n. idem or 'm. pouring out together ' , samāse ka m. pouring out together śamase tupradīpa m. Name of work samāse v A1. -sevate - , to practise, perform, pursue, enjoy ; to serve, honour, gratify samāse vana n. the act of practising, following, employing, serving samāse vita mfn. practised, followed, employed, served samayase tuvārita mfn. restrained by the barrier of custom saṃgītasundarase tu m. Name of work śaṃkarase na m. Name of a writer on medicine saṃse ka m. sprinkling over, moistening, watering saṃse ka See saṃ - sic - . saṃse v A1. -sevate - , to be associated with (used in explaining 1. sac - ) ; to frequent, inhabit ; to wait upon, attend on, serve, honour, worship, salute deferentially etc. ; to refresh, fan (said, of the wind) ; to court, fondle (carnally) ; to be addicted or devoted to, use or employ or practise or perform continually saṃse vā f. visiting, frequenting saṃse vā f. use, employment saṃse vā f. attendance, reverence, worship saṃse vā f. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) inclination to, predilection for saṃse vana n. waiting on, serving, doing homage saṃse vana n. (only in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) using, employing saṃse vana n. exposing one's self to association or intercourse with (genitive case ) saṃse vin mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) serving, worshipping saṃse vita mfn. frequented, served etc. (see gaRa kṛtā di - ). saṃse vitṛ mfn. one who uses or employs saṃse vya mfn. to be (or being) frequented saṃse vya mfn. to be served or worshipped saṃse vya mfn. to be used or employed or practised or indulged in samudrase na m. Name of a king samudrase na m. of a merchant samupase v A1. -sevate - , to make use of together ; to be addicted to, enjoy samutse dha m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā - ). ) elevation, height samutse dha m. swelling up, intumescence, fatness, thickness sāṅgase na m. Name of a man śāntase na m. Name of a son of subāhu - saptapākayajñase ṣa m. Name of work sārase ya mfn. gaRa sakhy -ādi - . śārdūlamṛgase vita mfn. frequented by tigers and deer sarvase na mfn. (s/arva - - ) leading all the host sarvase na m. the lord of the whole host sarvase na m. Name of a son of brahma -datta - sarvase na m. of an author sarvase na m. of a place gaRa śaṇḍiko di - sārvase na m. (fr. sarva -s - ) a particular pañca -rātra - sarvase nādhinātha m. ( ) a commander in chief. sarvase nāpati m. ( ) a commander in chief. sārvase nayajña mfn. (prob.) wrong reading for sarva -seniyajña - sārvase nī f. patronymic of su -nanda - (the wife of bharata - ) sārvase ni m. (fr. id) patronymic of śauceya - sārvase ni m. plural Name of a warrior tribe gaRa dāmany -ādi - sārvase nīya m. a king of the sārvaseni - s gaRa dā many -ādi - . sārvase niyajña m. a particular sacrifice sārvase nya mfn. coming or derived from sarva -sena - , gaRa śaṇḍikā di - sase na mfn. with an army, commanding an army śatabhiṣakse na m. Name of a man śatase ya n. the obtaining of a hundred śatruse vin mfn. serving an enemies, being in the service of a hostile prince satyase na m. Name of various men śaurase na mf(ī - )n. relating to the śūra -sena - s, gaRa palady -ādi - saurase na m. plural Name of a people (equals śūra -sena - ) śaurase nī f. (scilicet bhāṣā - ) the language of the śūra - (a Prakrit dialect supposed to have been spoken at mathurā - and sometimes substituted for Sanskrit in the plays, especially as representing the speech of women of high rank) śaurase nikā f. equals -senī - śaurase nya mfn. (fr. -sena - ) gaRa saṃkāśā di - . saurase ya mfn. gaRa sakhy -ādi - saurase ya m. Name of skanda - sauvakṣase ya m. patronymic fr. suvakṣas - gaRa śubhrā di - . savṛtase ma mfn. offering a soma - libation at the same time śayanāsanase vana n. the enjoyment of sleeping and sitting siddhāntase tukā f. Name of work siddhase na m. "having a divine or perfect army", Name of kārttikeya - (god of war) siddhase na m. of an astronomer siddhase nadivākara m. Name of a son of sarva -jña - and pupil of vṛddha -vāda -sūri - (said to have induced vikramā ditya - to tolerate the jaina - s) siddhase nadivākṛt m. Name of a son of sarva -jña - and pupil of vṛddha -vāda -sūri - (said to have induced vikramā ditya - to tolerate the jaina - s) siddhase nasūri m. Name of author. ( ) siddhase navākyakāra m. Name of author. ( ) siddhase vita m. "honoured or worshipped by siddha - s", Name of a form of bhairava - or śiva - (equals baṭuka -bhairava - ) sikatāse tu m. a bank of sand (varia lectio ) śikharase na m. Name of a man sīmāse tu m. a ridge or causeway serving as a boundary sīmāse tuvinirṇaya m. (legal) decision about boundaries and barriers siṃhase na m. Name of various men śiṅgadharaṇīse na m. Name of an author śivadāsase na m. Name of the author of the tattva -candrikā - śivānandase na m. Name of the author of the kṛṣṇacaitanyāmṛta - śobhase Vedic or Veda infinitive mood of śubh - q.v somase na m. Name of a son of śambara - somase na m. of a king of Campaka-pura and soma -pura - sotse dha mfn. high, lofty sotse dham ind. with a jerk or push upward sotse ka mfn. haughty, arrogant sparase See under root. spūrdhase See root. śreṣṭhase na m. Name of a king śrīdharase na m. Name of a king śrīse na See -ṣeṇa - . śriyase (dative case and Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ), for beauty or splendour or glory, splendidly, gloriously śrutase na m. having a famous army (Scholiast or Commentator ) śrutase na m. Name of a brother (or son) of janam -ejaya - etc. śrutase na m. of a son of saha -deva - śrutase na m. of a son of parīkṣit - śrutase na m. of a son of bhīma -sena - śrutase na m. of a son of śatru -ghna - śrutase na m. of a son of śambara - śrutase na m. of a prince of go -karṇa - śrutase nā f. Name of a wife of kṛṣṇa - sthānāse dha m. confinement to a place, local or personal arrest sthūṇāvase ṣa mfn. having only the pillars left (said of a house) strīse vā f. devotion or addiction to women sudāntase na m. Name of a medical writer śuddhise tu m. Name of work sudhāse ka m. sprinkling with nectar śūdrase vana n. attendance on a śūdra - master, the being in the service of a śūdra - sujanaparise vitā f. Name of a kiṃ -narī - sukhasaṃse vya mfn. easy to be approached or resorted to or attained, sukhase caka m. Name of a serpent-demon (Bombay edition mukha -s - ). sukhase vya mfn. easy of access ( sukhasevyatva -tva - n. ) sukhase vyatva n. sukhasevya sundarase na m. Name of a king sundarase na m. of a grammarian sundarase nabhāṣya n. Name of work śūrase na m. Name of the country about mathurā - śūrase na m. a king of mathurā - (and ruler of the yadu - s, applied to viṣṇu - and ugra -sena - ) śūrase na m. Name of a son of kārtavīrya - śūrase na m. of a son of śatru -ghna - śūrase na m. of various other men śūrase na m. plural Name of the people inhabiting the above country (also naka - and na -ja - ) etc. śūrase nā f. Name of the city of mathurā - sūrase na m. plural Name of a people (prob. wrong reading for śūra -s - ) śūrase nī f. a princess of the śūra -sena - s (see ) . surasundarase nā f. the army of the gods ( surasundarasenāgaṇapati -gaṇa -pati - m. "the chief of the celestial host") surasundarase nā f. Name of a woman surasundarase nāgaṇapati m. surasundarasenā sūryase na m. Name of various men suse na wrong reading for -ṣeṇa - . suse vita mfn. well served (as a king) suse vya mfn. (a road) to be well or easily followed suyavase ind. suyavasa suyyāse tu m. Name of a dike svāmise vā f. the service of a master, respect or reverence for a master or husband śvāpadase vita mfn. frequented or infested by wild beasts svase tu (sv/a - - ) mf(u - )n. forming one's own embankment or bridge svatvavyavasthārṇavase tubandha m. Name of work tāmarase kṣaṇā f. a lotus eyed woman tāmrase na m. Name of a king tāpase kṣu m. a kind of sugar-cane tāpase ṣṭa m. equals sa -priya - , tejaḥse na m. Name of a man tīrthase ni f. Name of one of the mothers in skanda - 's retinue tīrthase vā f. equals -caryā - tīrthase vā f. worship of the 24 saints tīrthāse vana n. equals tha -caryā - tīrthase vin m. "visiting tīrtha - s", Ardea nivea tiryagvātase vā f. "attending the side-wind", urining or evacuation by stool trillase na another man's N., . tristhalīse tu m. Name of work trivikramase na m. Name of a prince tūlase cana n. "cotton-moistening", spinning tunnase vanī f. the suture of a wound tunnase vanī f. a suture of the skull udakase cana n. sprinkling w (according to to others,"a shower of rain"), udakotse cana n. a water-libation, udakse na m. Name of a king ugrase na m. Name of several princes exempli gratia, 'for example' of a brother of janam -ejaya - etc. ugrase naja m. Name of kaṃsa - (the uncle and enemy of kṛṣṇa - ). ugrase nānī m. Name of kṛṣṇa - ugrase nī f. Name of the wife of akrūra - ugrase vita mfn. inhabited by violent beings ukṣase na m. Name of a king umāpatise vin mfn. worshipping śiva - . upase cana mfn. pouring upon or sprinkling, serving for sprinkling upase cana n. the act of pouring upon, sprinkling upase cana n. anything poured over or upon, infusion, juice (see anupa - and kṣīro pa - .) upase canī f. a ladle or cup for pouring X, 21, 2; 105, 10 upase ka m. sprinkling upon, infusion upase ktṛ m. one who pours upon or sprinkles upase ktṛ upa -s/ecana - See upa - sic - . upase na m. Name of a pupil of śākya -muni - upase v A1. -sevate - , to frequent, visit, abide or stay at (a place) ; to stay with a person, attend on, serve, do homage, honour, worship etc. ; to have sexual intercourse with (accusative ) ; to practise, pursue, cultivate, study, make use of, be addicted to upase vā f. homage, worship, courting upase vā f. addiction to, use, enjoyment, employment upase vaka mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' doing homage upase vaka mfn. courting (exempli gratia, 'for example' the wife of another) upase vana n. the act of doing homage upase vana n. courting (exempli gratia, 'for example' the wife of another) upase vana n. service, worship, honouring upase vana n. addiction to, using, enjoying upase vana n. experiencing, suffering upase vin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' serving, doing homage, worshipping upase vin mfn. addicted or devoted to utse cana n. the act of foaming or spouting upwards, boiling or foaming over utse dha m. height, elevation, altitude utse dha m. thickness, bigness etc. utse dha m. excelling utse dha m. sublimity utse dha m. the body on utse dha n. killing, slaughter utse dha n. Name of several sāman - s. utse dha See ut -sidh - . utse dhavistāratas ind. by altitude and latitude utse ka m. foaming upwards, spouting out or over, showering utse ka m. overflow utse ka m. increase, enlargement, superabundance utse ka m. haughtiness, pride utse ka See column 2. utse kin mfn. See an -utsekin - . utse kin mfn. arrogant, proud, utse kya mfn. to be filled up or made full uttaraṇase tu m. a bridge for crossing over (genitive case ), vaidyanarasiṃhase na m. Name of a scholiast vaikaṃse ya m. metron. fr. vi -kaṃsā - gaRa śubhrā di - . vaikāse ya m. patronymic fr. vi -kāsa - gaRa śubhrā di - . vairase ni m. (fr. vīra -sena - ) patronymic of nala - vaiṣvakse nya m. patronymic fr. viṣvak -sena - Va1rtt. 7 vaitase na m. (prob. derived fr. a misunderstanding of vaitas/ena - instrumental case ; see vaitas/a - ), Name of purū -ravas - vajrase na m. Name of a bodhi -sattva - vajrase na m. of a king of śrāvastī - , satr - . vajrase na m. of a preceptor vaṅgase na m. a kind of tree (see vaṅka -s - ) vaṅgase na m. Name of a medical writer (author of the cikitsā -sāra -saṃgraha - ) vaṅgase na m. of a grammarian vaṅgase nāka m. Agati Grandiflora vaṅkase na m. a kind of tree (see vaṅga -s - ). vārāṇase ya mfn. produced or born in Benares etc. gaRa nady -ādi - . vārase vā f. practice of harlotry or a set of harlots vārise na m. Name of a king vārise na m. (varia lectio -ṣeṇa - ) vārise na m. of a jina - vasantase na m. Name of a king vasantase nā f. Name of various women vāsudevase na m. Name of author vasumatīcitrase nāvilāsa m. Name of work vasumatīcitrase nīya n. Name of work vasuse na m. Name of a poet vatse śa m. a king of vatsa - vatse śvara m. idem or 'm. a king of vatsa - ' vatse śvara m. Name of two authors vāyase kṣuka m. Saccharum Spontaneum vidvajjanaparise vitā f. Name of a kiṃ -narī - vidyānuse vana (yā n - ) n. the cultivation of science vidyānuse vin (yā n - ) mfn. cultivating learning, engaged in study. vihitase na m. Name of a prince vijayase na m. Name of various men vijayase nā f. Name of a woman vikramase na m. Name of a king of pratiṣṭhāna - ( vikramasenacampū na -campū - f. Name of a poem) vikramase nacampū f. vikramasena vimuktase na m. Name of a teacher vīṇāprase va m. the damper on a lute vindhyase na m. Name of a king (varia lectio bimbisāra - ). vinītase na m. Name of a man viprase vā f. service of a Brahman master vīrase na m. "having an army of heroes", Name of a dānava - vīrase na m. of a king of niṣadha - (father of nala - ) etc. vīrase na m. of a king of siṃhala - vīrase na m. of a king of murala - vīrase na m. of a king of kānyakubja - vīrase na m. of a king of kaliṅga - (the murderer of his brother) vīrase na m. of a general of agni -mitra - vīrase na m. of a son of vigatāśoka - vīrase na m. of an author vīrase na Name (also title or epithet) of a poet (400 D.), vīrase na n. Name of a particular plant (equals āruka - ) vīrase naja m. "son of vīra -sena - ", Name of nala - (the hero of several well-known poems exempli gratia, 'for example' the nalopākhyāna - , naiṣadha - , nalodaya - ) vīrase nasuta m. "son of vīra -sena - ", Name of nala - (the hero of several well-known poems exempli gratia, 'for example' the nalopākhyāna - , naiṣadha - , nalodaya - ) vīryase na m. Name of a man viṣase cana mfn. emitting poison viṣayopase vā f. addiction to sensual pleasures, sensuality vise caka mfn. equals vigataḥ secako yasmāt - viśvakse na wrong reading for viṣvak -s - . viṣvakse na m. (sometimes written viśvak -s - ) "whose hosts or powers go everywhere", Name of viṣṇu -kṛṣṇa - (or of a particular form of that deity to whom the fragments of a sacrifice are offered) etc. viṣvakse na m. of śiva - viṣvakse na m. of an attendant of viṣṇu - viṣvakse na m. of a sādhya - viṣvakse na m. of the 14th (or 13th) manu - viṣvakse na m. of a ṛṣi - viṣvakse na m. of a king viṣvakse na m. of a son of brahma -datta - viṣvakse na m. of a son of śambara - viṣvakse nā f. a kind of plant (equals priyaṅgu - or phalinī - ) viṣvakse nakāntā f. a kind of plant (equals priyaṅgu - or a Diascorea) viṣvakse napriyā f. "beloved of viṣṇu - ", Name of lakṣmī - viṣvakse napriyā f. a Diascorea viṣvakse nasaṃhitā f. Name of work viśvanāthase na m. Name of author. viśvase na m. Name of the 18th muhūrta - viśvase na m. of a preceptor viśvase narāj m. Name of the father of the 16th arhat - of the present avasarpiṇī - vivādārṇavase tu m. Name of a legal digest by bāṇeśvara - and others (compiled by order of Warren Hastings) vivādase tu m. Name of work vivakṣase (fr. vakṣ - ,or vac - or vah - ,either 2. sg. or Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ), occurring only as refrain and without connection with other words in the hymns of vi -mada - (according to to ,3 equals mahat - ). viviktase vin ( ) mfn. resorting to or seeking solitude vṛddhase na mfn. (vṛddh/a - - ) hearing large missiles (others"forming mighty hosts") vṛddhase nā f. Name of the wife of sumati - (and mother of devatā -jit - ) vṛddhase vā f. reverence for the aged vṛddhase vin mfn. reverencing one's elders vṛddhase vitva n. equals -sevā - vṛddhopase vin mfn. honouring the aged vṛkṣase cana n. the watering of trees vṛṣalīse vana n. respect to or intercourse with a śūdra - woman vṛṣase na See under 2. vṛṣa - . vṛṣase na mfn. (prob.) having an army of men vṛṣase na m. Name of a son of the 10th manu - vṛṣase na m. of karṇa - vṛṣase na m. of a great-grandson of aśoka - vṛttaratnākarase tu m. Name of Comm. vyāghrase na m. Name of a man vyāse dha m. prohibition, hindrance, interruption (locative case with vṛt - ,to annoy, be troublesome) vyāse ka m. (?) , vyāse śvara n. Name of a tīrtha - (also tīrtha - ). vyatise v Passive voice -sevyate - , to be well furnished or provided with (instrumental case ) vyavasitavase ya n. (impersonal or used impersonally ) it is to be settled or determined vyavasthāse tu m. Name of work vyutse ka m. pouring out in different directions yajñase na m. (yajñ/a - - ) Name of a man yajñase na m. of drupada - yajñase na m. of a king of vidarbha - yajñase na m. of a dānava - yajñase na m. of viṣṇu - yājñase na m. (fr. yajña -sena - ) patronymic of śikhaṇḍin - , , (also ni - ) yājñase nī f. patronymic of draupadī - yakṣase na m. Name of a king yamahāse śvaratīrtha n. Name of a tīrtha - yatse na mfn. having which (or so strong an) army yavanase na m. Name of a man yogase vā f. the practice or cultivation of religious abstraction yoginīhṛdayase tubandha m. Name of work yugyāśanaprase va m. the nose-bag containing a horse's food yuktase na mfn. one whose army is ready (for marching) yuktase nīya mfn. relating to him yuvase na m. Name of a poet
Apte Search
Results for se 94 results
se caka सेचक a. (-चिका f.) [सिच्-ण्वुल्] Sprinkling. -कः A cloud. se canakam सेचनकम् A shower-bath. se canam सेचनम् [सिच्-भावे ल्युट्] 1 Sprinkling, watering; वृक्षसेचने द्वे धारयसि मे Ś.1. -2 Effusion, aspersion. -3 Oozing, dripping. -4 A bucket. -5 Emission. See सेकः. -Comp. -घटः a watering-pot. se canī सेचनी A bucket. se dhaḥ सेधः 1 Going, reaching. -2 A tail. -धा 1 A hedgehog. -2 A porcupine. se divas सेदिवस् a. (-सेदुषी f.) Sitting. se gavaḥ सेगवः A young crab; कुस्त्री खादति मांसानि माघमां सेगवा इव Mb.12.139.89. se k सेक् 1 Ā. (सेकते) To go, move. se kaḥ सेकः [सिच्-घञ्] 1 Sprinkling, watering (trees); सेकः सीकरिणा करेण विहितः कामम् U.3.16; R.1.51;8.45; 16.3;17.16. -2 Emission, effusion. -3 Seminal effusion. -4 A libation, an offering. -5 Seminal fluid; कामतो रेतसः सेकं व्रतस्थस्य द्विजन्मनः Ms.11.12. -6 A drop of anything. -7 A shower-bath; Suśr. -Comp. -पात्रम् 1 a pot for sprinkling water, a watering-pot. -2 a bucket. se kimam सेकिमम् A radish. se ktṛ सेक्तृ a. (-क्त्री f.) One who sprinkles &c. -m. 1 A sprinkler; impregnator. -2 A husband. -3 A waterbearer. se ktram सेक्त्रम् A bucket, watering-pot. se l सेल् 1 P. (सेलति) To go, move. se mantī सेमन्ती The Indian white rose. se na सेन a. Having a lord, possessing a master or leader. -नम् The body. se nā सेना [सि-न, सह इनेन प्रभुणा वा Uṇ. 3.1] 1 An army; सेना परिच्छदस्तस्य द्वयमेवार्थसाधनम् R.1.19. -2 Army personified as the wife of Kārtikeya, the god of war; cf. देवसेना. -3 A small army (consisting of 3 elephants, 3 chariots, 9 horse and 15 foot). -4 Any body of men. -Comp. -अग्रम् the van or front of an army. ˚गः the leader or general of an army. -अङ्गम् 1 a component part of an army; (these are four :-- हस्त्यश्वरथपादातं सेनाङ्गं स्याच्चतुष्टयम्). -2 a division of an army. -कल्पः an epithet of Śiva. -गोपः the keeper of an army. -चरः 1 a soldier. -2 a camp-follower. -निवेशः the camp of an army; सेनानिवेशं तुमुलं चकार R.5.49. -नी m. 1 a leader of an army, commander, general; सेनानीनामहं स्कन्दः Bg.1.24; Ku.2.51. -2 N. of Kārtikeya; अथैनमद्रेस्तनया शुशोच सेनान्यमालीढमिवासुरास्त्रैः R.2.37. -पतिः 1 a general. -2 N. of Śiva. -3 N. of Kārtikeya. -4 A leader of ten पत्ति divisions; see पत्ति. -पत्यम् commandership, generalship. -परिच्छद् a. surrounded by an army; (in R.1.19 सेनापरिच्छदः is sometimes taken as one word and is interpreted in this way, but it is much better to take them as separate words). -पृष्ठम् the rear of an army. -भङ्गः the breaking of an army, complete rout, disorderly flight. -मुखम् 1 a division of an army. -2 particularly, a division of an army consisting of three elephants, as many chariots. nine horse, anf fifteen foot; पत्तिं तु त्रिगुणामेतामाहुः सेनामुखं बुधाः Mb.1.2.2. -3 a mound in front of a city gate. -योगः the equipment of an army. -रक्षः a guard, sentinel. -वासः a camp. -वाहः the leader of an army. -रुथः a soldier. se ndriya सेन्द्रिय a. 1 Together with the organs of sense; तमो$यं तु समाश्रित्य चिरं तिष्ठति सेन्द्रियः Ms.1.55. -2 Organic (as chemistry). se phaḥ सेफः The penis; cf. शेफ. se raḥ सेरः A kind of measure (Mar शेर); it is thus defined in Līlāvatī :-- पादोनगद्यानकतुल्यटङ्कैर्द्विसप्ततुल्यैः कथितो$त्र सेरः ॥ se rāhaḥ सेराहः A horse of a milk-white colour. se rāla सेराल a. Pale-yellow. se rṣya सेर्ष्य a. Full of envy or jealousy, envious, jealous. se ru सेरु a. Binding, fastening; P.III.2.159. se śvara सेश्वर a. Theistical. -Comp. -सांख्यम् the theistical branch of the सांख्य school. se tikā सेतिका N. of Ayodhyā. se tram सेत्रम् A bond, fetter; P.III.2.182. se ṭuḥ सेटुः 1 Water-melon. -2 A kind of cucumber. se tuḥ सेतुः [सि-तुन् Uṇ.1.69] 1 A ridge of earth, mound, bank, causeway, dam; नलिनीं क्षतसेतुबन्धनो जलसंघात इवासि विद्रुतः Ku.4.6; R.16.2. -2 A bridge in general; वैदेहि पश्या मलयाद्विभक्तं मत्सेतुना फेनिलमम्बुराशिम् R.13.2; सैन्यैर्बद्धद्विरदसेतुभिः 4.38;12.7; Ku.7.53. -3 A landmark; ज्येष्ठे मासि नयेत् सीमां सुप्रकाशेषु सेतुषु Ms.8.245. -4 A defile, pass, a narrow mountain-road. -5 A boundary, limit. -6 A barrier, limitation, obstruction of any kind; दुष्येयुः सर्ववर्णाश्च भिद्येरन् सर्वसेतवः Subhāṣ. -7 A fixed rule or law, an established institution; सूचकाः सेतुभेत्तारः ...... ते वै निरयगामिनः Mb.13.23.66. -8 The sacred syllable om; मन्त्राणां प्रणवः सेतुस्तत्सेतुः प्रणवः स्मृतः । स्रवत्यनोङ्कृतं पूर्वं परस्ताच्च विदीर्यते ॥ Kālikā P. -9 A reservoir or a lake; सहोदकं आहार्योदकं वा सेतुं बन्धयेत् Kau. A.2.1. -1 A bond, fetter. -11 An explanatory commentary. -Comp. -बन्धः 1 the forming or construction of a bridge, cause-way &c.; Kau. A.2.1; वयोगते किं वनिता- विलासो जले गते किं खलु सेतुबन्धः Subhāṣ.; Ku.4.6. -2 the ridge of rocks extending from the southern extremity of the Coromandel coast towards Ceylon (said to have been built for Rāma's passage to Laṅkā by Nala and the other monkeys); Bhāg.7.14.31. -3 any bridge or cause-way. -भेदिन् a. 1 breaking down barriers. -2 removing obstructions. (-m.) N. of a tree (दन्ती). se tukaḥ सेतुकः 1 A bank, cause-way, bridge. -2 A pass. se v सेव् 1 Ā. (सेवते, सेवित; caus. सेवयति-ते; desid. सिसे- विषते; the स् of सेव् is generally changed to ष् after prepositions ending in इ such as नि, परि, वि) 1 To serve,
wait or attend upon, honour, worship, obey; प्रायो भृत्यास्त्यजन्ति प्रचलितविभवं स्वामिनं सेवमानाः Mu.4.21; आचार- पूतं पवनः सिषेवे R.2.13. 'served or refreshed'; ऐश्वर्यादन- पेतमीश्वरमयं लोको$र्थतः सेवते Mu.1.14. -2 To go after, pursue, follow. -3 To use, enjoy; किं सेव्यते सुमनसां मनसापि गन्धः कस्तूरिकाजननशक्तिभृता मृगेण R. G. -4 To enjoy carnally; केतकीं सेवसे हन्त कथं रोलम्ब निस्त्रपः Bv.1.118. -5 To attach or devote oneself to, attend to, cultivate, practice, perform; विद्वद्भिः सेवितः (धर्मः) Ms.2.1; त्वया मनोनिर्विषयार्थ- कामया यदेक एव प्रतिगृह्य सेव्यते Ku.5.38; R.17.49. -6 To resort to, betake oneself to, dwell in, frequent, inhabit; तप्तं वारि विहाय तीरनलिनीं कारण्डवः सेवते V.2.23; Pt.1.9. -7 To watch over, guard, protect. se va सेव See सेवन, सेवि (2). se vā सेवा [सेव्-अ] 1 Service, servitude, dependence; attendance; सेवां लाघवकारिणीं कृतधियः स्थाने श्ववृत्तिं विदुः Mu. 3.14; हीनसेवा न कर्तव्या H.3.11. -2 Worship, homage, honouring. -3 Addiction or devotion to, fondness for. -4 Use, practice, employment, exercise. -5 Frequenting, resorting to. -6 Flattery, coaxing or flattering words; अलं सेवया मध्यस्थतां गृहीत्वा भण M.3. -Comp. -आकार a. in the form of servitude; सेवाकारा परिणतिरहो स्त्रीषु कष्टो$धिकारः V.3.1. -काकुः change of voice in service; (this is a variant in V.3.1 for सेवाकारा). -धर्मः 1 the duty of service; सेवाधर्मः परमगहनो योगिनामप्यगम्यः Pt.1.285. -2 the obligations of service. -विलासिनी a female servant. -वृत्तिः a livelihood gained by service. -व्यवहारः the practice or law of service. se vadhi सेवधि See शेवधि under शेव. se vaka सेवक a. [सेव्-ण्वुल्] 1 Serving, worshipping, honouring. -2 Practising, following. -3 Dependent, servile. -कः 1 A servant, dependant; सेवया धनमिच्छद्भिः सेवकैः पश्य किं कृतम् । स्वातन्त्र्यं यच्छरीरस्य मूढैस्तदपि हारितम् ॥ H.2. 2. -2 A votary, worshipper. -3 A sewer. -4 A sack. se vanā सेवना See सेवनम् (1); तानेव ते मदनुसेवनयावरुद्धान् Bhāg. 3.23.7. se vanam सेवनम् [सिव्-सेव्-ल्युट्] 1 The act of serving, service, attendance upon, worship; पात्रीकृतात्मा गुरुसेवनेन R.18.3; Pt.1.11. -2 Following, practising, employing; इन्द्रियाणां प्रसङ्गेन धर्मस्यासेवनेन च । पापान् संयान्ति संसारानवद्वांसो नराधमाः ॥ Ms.12.52. -3 Using, enjoying. -4 Enjoying carnally; यत् करोत्येकंरात्रेण वृषलीसेवनाद् द्विजः Ms.11.178. -5 Devotion to, fondness for. -6 Frequenting, dwelling in. -7 Binding, fastening. -8 Sewing, stitching. -9 A sack. se vanī सेवनी The Indian white rose. se vatī सेवती 1 A needle. -2 A seam. -3 A suture or seam-like union of parts of the body. se vi सेवि n. 1 The jujube. -2 An apple. se vikā सेविका 1 A maid servant. -2 A kind of sweetmeat (Mar. फेणी). se vin सेविन् a. 1 Serving, worhipping. -2 Following, using. -3 Inhabiting, dwelling. -4 Having sexual intercourse with. -5 Addicted to, fond of. -m. A servant. se vita सेवित p. p. [सेव्-क्त] 1 Served, attended upon, worshipped. -2 Followed, practised, pursued. -3 Frequented by, resorted to, inhabited by, haunted by; वरं वनं व्याघ्रगजादिसोवितम् Pt.5.23. -4 Protected, preserved. -5 Enjoyed, used. -6 Abounding in. -तम् 1 An apple. -2 The jujube. -ता Service, attendance. -Comp. -मन्मथ a. addicted to love. se vitṛ सेवितृ m. An attendant, a dependant; न सेव्यः सेविता रहः M.4.12. se vya सेव्य a. [सेव्-ण्यत्] 1 To be served or waited upon. -2 To be used or employed. -3 To be enjoyed. -4 To be taken care of or guarded. -5 To be studied. -6 To be kept or hoarded. -व्यः 1 A master (opp. सेवक); भयं तावत् सेव्यादभिनिविशते सेवकजनम् Mu.5.12; M.4.12; Pt.1.48. -2 The Aśvattha tree. -3 A sparrow. -4 A kind of intoxicating drink. -व्या 1 The parasite plant वन्दा. -2 A kind of wild rice. -व्यम् A kind of root. -2 Red sandal-wood. -3 Sea-salt. -4 Water. -Comp. -सेवकौ m. dual. master and servant. anutse kaḥ अनुत्सेकः Absence of haughtiness or pride; ˚को लक्ष्म्याम् Bh.2.64; modesty; ˚कः खलु विक्रमालङ्कारः V.1; cf. "Modesty is the handmaid of heroism". anutse kin अनुत्सेकिन् a. Not puffed up, not proud or arrogant; भाग्येषु ˚नी भव Ś.4.18. anupase cana अनुपसेचन a. Having no उपसेचन i. e. some condiment, sauce, curds &c. to moisten food with. anuse vin अनुसेविन् a. Practising, observing, habitually addicted to. abhise vanam अभिसेवनम् 1 Practising, observing. -2 Cultivating. -3 Fondness of, indulgence in. abhyāyaṃse nya अभ्यायंसेन्य a. Ved. One who allows himself to be drawn near (said of अश्विन् Rv.1.34.1.) āse kaḥ आसेकः Wetting, watering, pouring in. āse kyaḥ आसेक्यः A kind of eunuch or neuter man; पित्रोस्तु तुल्यवीर्यत्वादासेक्यः पुरुषो भवेत्. āse cana आसेचन a. (-नी f.) 1 Charming, beloved; so आसेचनक. नयनयुगासेचनकं मानसवृत्त्यापि दुष्प्रापम् S. D. -नम् 1 Pouring into, wetting, sprinkling. -2 A vessel for fluids (Ved.); ˚वत् hollow, concave. -नी A small vessel. āse canakaḥ आसेचनकः Soma Juice or butter poured out for the gods; कथं त्वया$$सेचनकाङ्गि लुप्यते त्रपा न संप्रत्यपि दृष्टपारया Rām. Ch.2.54. āse ddhṛ आसेद्धृ m. One who arrests another. āse dhaḥ आसेधः Arrest, custody, legal restraint, it is of four kinds:-स्थानासेधः कालकृतः प्रवासात् कर्मणस्तथा Nārada; i. e. (a) confinement to a place, (b) limitation of time, (c) prohibition against departure, and (d) restriction from doing anything. आसेधकाल आसिद्ध आसेधं यो निवर्तते Śukra 4.616. āse dhaka आसेधक a. Restraining, confining. āse v आसेव् 1 Ā. To carry out, practise, perform zealously; धर्मम्, व्रतम् &c. -2 To indulge in, enjoy; अग्रवात- मासेवमाना M.1; V.4; Ku.1.15. -3 To accomplish, attend to. āse vā आसेवा वनम् 1 Zealous practice, assiduous performance of any action. -2 Frequency, repetition; P.VIII.3.12; आसेवनं पौनःपुन्यम् Sk. -3 Intercourse. āse vita आसेवित p. p. 1 Performed, done. -2 Repeated. -तम् Performance. āse vin आसेविन् a. Performing assiduously, indulging in. utse kaḥ उत्सेकः 1 Sprinkling, pouring. -2 Spouting out or over, showering. -3 Overflow, increase, excess; रुधिरो- त्सेकाः Mv.5.33 streams of blood; Me.55 v. l.; दर्प˚, बल˚ &c. -4 Pride, haughtiness, insolence; उपदा विविशुः शश्वन्नोत्सेकाः कोसलेश्वरम् R.4.7; अनुत्सेको लक्ष्म्याम् Bh.2.64; Kau. A.1.15. -5 Exuberance; मामकस्यास्य सैन्यस्य हृतोत्सेकस्य सञ्जय । अवशेषं न पश्यामि ... Mb.8.7.1. utse kin उत्सेकिन् a. 1 Overflowing, excessive; उत्सेकिना मदबलेन विगाह्यमानम् Mu.26. -2 Proud, haughty, puffed up; भाग्येष्वनुत्सेकिनी Ś.4.18. utse canam उत्सेचनम् The act of showering or spouting upwards. utse dha उत्सेध a. High, tall. -धः 1 A height, elevation; (fig. also); पयोधरोत्सेधविशीर्णसंहति (वल्कलम्) Ku.5.8,24. cf. also Kau. A.1.3; Śukra.4.495; high or projecting breasts; सोत्सेधैः स्कन्धदेशैः Mu.4.7. raised high up. -2 Thickness, fatness. -3 Intumescence, swelling. -4 The body. -5 Sublimity, greatness; prosperity; मामकस्यास्य सैन्यस्य हतोत्सेधस्य सञ्जय । अवशेषं न पश्यामि Mb. 8.9.93. -धम् 1 Killing, slaughter. -2 The height from the basement to the top; उत्सेधं जन्मादिस्तूपिकान्तम् । Mānasāra 35.26. The different technical names of the heights of the idols are शान्तिक, पौष्टिक, जयद, सार्वकामिक, धनद and अद्भुत. Their lengths are respectively 1th, l, 1 rd of their breadths. upase ktṛ उपसेक्तृ a. One who sprinkles or pours down. upase cana उपसेचन a. Pouring, sprinkling. -नम्, उपसेकः 1 Pouring or sprinkling upon, watering; मृत्युर्यस्योपसेच- चनम् Kaṭh. Up.2.25. -2 Infusion; juice. -नी A ladle or cup for pouring. upase v उपसेव् 1 Ā. 1 To serve, worship, honour; वैरिणं नोप- सेवते Ms.4.133. -2 To practise, follow, pursue, cultivate; as a vow; तान् सर्वानेवोपसेवेत Ch. Up.2.22.1. -3 To make use of. -4 To be addicted to, enjoy; अधिष्ठाय मनश्चायं विषयानुपसेवते Bg.15.9; so सुखम्, संधिम्, विग्रहम् &c. -5 To frequent, inhabit. -6 To rub or anoint with (sandal &c.). -7 To have sexual intercourse with. upase vaka उपसेवक a. 1 Worshipping, serving. -2 Following, practising. -3 Enjoying (carnally); परदारोपसेवकः Y.3.136. upase vanam उपसेवनम् सेवा 1 Worshipping, honouring, adoring. -2 Service; राज˚ Ms.3.64. -3 Addiction to; विषय˚ Ms.12.7. -4 Using, enjoying (carnally also); छाया˚; परदार˚ Ms.4.134. -5 Experiencing, suffering. upase vin उपसेविन् a. Serving, practising; Rām.5.29.1. augrase naḥ औग्रसेनः Kaṁsa, the son of उग्रसेन. kase ruḥ कसेरुः A kind of grass. jayatse naḥ जयत्सेनः A name assumed by Nakula while living at Virāṭa King. dāse yaḥ दासेयः The son of a female slave. dāse raḥ दासेरः रकः 1 The son of a female slave. -2 A Śūdra. -3 A fisherman. -4 A camel; चखाद दासेरयुवा वनावलीः Śi.12.32;5.66. parāse dhaḥ परासेधः Arrest, imprisonment. prase divas प्रसेदिवस् a. One who has become pleased, favourable. prase kaḥ प्रसेकः 1 Flowing forth, oozing, dropping -2 Sprinkling, wetting. -3 Emission, discharge; मत्तद्विरेफपरि- पीतमधुप्रसेकः Ṛs.3.6. -4 Vomiting. -5 Watering of the mouth or nose. -6 The bowl of a spoon or ladle. prase kin प्रसेकिन् m. A kind of disease; मांसपिण्डवदुद्गताः प्रसेकिनो$- न्तःपूयवेदनावन्तो$श्वा$पानवदुद्धृतौष्ठाः Suśr. prase dikā प्रसेदिका A small garden.
प्रसेवः prasēvḥ प्रसेवकः prasēvakḥ
प्रसेवः प्रसेवकः 1 A sack, bag for grain. -2 A leathern bottle. -3 A small instrument of wood placed under the neck of the lute to make the sound deeper. bhaimase niḥ भैमसेनिः न्यः A son of Bhīmasena. yājñase naḥ याज्ञसेनः निः A patronymic of Śikhanḍin; Mb. 7.14.44. yājñase nī याज्ञसेनी A patronymic of Draupadī; याज्ञलेनीं पुरस्कृत्य षडेवाथ प्रवव्रजुः Mb; वल्गु चित्रपदं श्लक्ष्णं याज्ञसेनि त्वया वचः Mb.3.31.1. vyāse dhaḥ व्यासेधः Restraint, prohibition. śaurase nī शौरसेनी N. of a Prākṛita dialect. saṃse kaḥ संसेकः Sprinkling, watering. saṃse v संसेव् 1 Ā. 1 To be associated with. -2 To wait upon, attend. -3 To refresh, fan. -4 To court, fondle (carnally). -5 To be addicted or devoted to. saṃse vā संसेवा 1 Visiting, frequenting. -2 Use, employment. -3 Reverence, worship. samutse dhaḥ समुत्सेधः 1 Height, elevation. -2 Fatness, thickness. sotse ka सोत्सेक a. Haughty, arrogant. sotse dha सोत्सेध a. Raised, elevated, high, lofty; सोत्सेधैः स्कन्धदेशैः Mu.4.7. saurase nāḥ सौरसेनाः m. pl. N. of a district and its people. -नी See शौरसेनी. saurase yaḥ सौरसेयः An epithet of Skanda.
Macdonell Vedic Search
Results for se 4 results
se nā sé-nā, f. missile, ii. 33, 11 [si discharge]. se nānī senā-ní̄, m. leader of an army, general, x. 34, 12. ṛcase ṛcás-e, dat. inf. with prá, to praise, vi. 61, 6 [arc praise]. jīvase jīvás-e, dat. inf. to live, viii. 48, 4; with prá to live on, x. 14, 14.
Macdonell Search
Results for se 50 results
se caka m. shedder of (g.); -ana, n. √ sik] emission, effusion; sprinkling, water ing, with (--°ree;); casting (of metals): -ghata, m. watering-pot. se dhā f. [keeping at a distance: √ 1. sidh] hedgehog or porcupine. se di f. [√ sad] weariness, decay (V.). se ka m. [√ sik] V., C.: emission, effu sion; C.: sprinkling, watering, with (--°ree;). se la kind of weapon. se laga m. waylayer, robber (Br., S.). se lyapura n. N. of a town. se na a. having a master, dependent on another. se nā f. 1. [√ 2. si] V.: missile, dart; Indra's wife (personification of his bolt); 2. √ sî] V., C.: battle-array, army; often --°ree;, in names, esp. of courtesans. se nāgra n. van of an army: -ga, -gâmin, a. going at the head of an army; m. leader of an army; -½a&ndot;ga, n. component part of an army; division of an army: -pati, m. leader of a division;-kara, m. soldier; -gî vin, m. id.; -½adhipa, -½adhyaksha, m. com mander of an army; -n&isharp;, m. leader of an army, commander, general (V., C.); N. of Skanda, god of war (leader of the hosts of the gods; C.); -pati, m. leader of an army, general; -patya, n. office of a general (less correct for saina-); -½abhigoptri, m. guar dian of the army (a certain office); -mukhá, n. van of the army: î, f. N. of a goddess; -vyûha, m. battle-array; -samudaya, m. assembled army. se ndra a. joined or together with Indra: -kâpa, a. adorned with a rainbow, -tâ, f. union with Indra, -dhriti, a. (Vâsav., Bibl. Ind., 296, 4); -½indriya, a. possessed of manly vigour; together with the organs of sense: -tva, n. possession of manly vigour (Br.). se nya m. spearman, warrior (V.). se rṣya a. envious, jealous, of (--°ree;): -m, ad. -ly. se tu a. [√ 1. si] binding (RV., rare); m. RV.: bond, fetter (rare); V., C.: dam, dyke, causeway, bridge; C.: Adam's Bridge (rare); landmark (rare); (fig.) barrier, limit, bounds: -m bandh, construct a bridge: -ban dha, m. (construction of a) dam or bridge; T. of a Prâkrit poem; -bandhana, n. (con struction of) a bridge or dam; barrier (fig.); -bheda, m. breaking down of an embankment. se vaka a. (--°ree;) inhabiting; practising, indulging in, addicted to, employing; tend ing (a plant); honouring; m. servant; votary, worshipper of (--°ree;). se vana n. 1. [√ sîv] sewing; seam, suture (on the human body; Br., C.); 2. √ sev] frequenting, visiting, resorting to (--°ree;); attending upon, serving, service; honouring, worship, of (--°ree;); sexual intercourse with (--°ree;); addiction to, practice or performance of, indulgence in, employment of (g., gnly. --°ree;); -anîya, fp. to be resorted to (forest); -paid homage to, -courted (youth); -â, f. resorting to (--°ree;); visit; ser vice, of (g., --°ree;, rarely lc.); homage, worship, of (g., --°ree;); deference towards (--°ree;); addiction or devotion, practice, employment, indulgence, frequent enjoyment (to, in, of, --°ree;); sexual intercourse with (--°ree;): -½añgali, m. deferential salutation with folded hands, -dharma, m. duties or obligations of service. se vita pp. frequented etc.; -i-tavya, fp. to be practised, performed, or obeyed; -tended; -i-tri, m. attendant, servant; -i-tva, n. (--°ree;) resorting to, frequenting; honouring, deference towards (--°ree;);-in, a. (--°ree;) frequenting, haunting, dwelling in, re sorting to; serving; honouring, paying hom age to, deferential towards; having sexual intercourse with; addicted to, practising; enjoying; employing; m. servant of (--°ree;); -ya, fp. to be frequented, worthy to be re sorted to, by (g.); to be followed (path); -approached; -waited upon or served, by (g.); -honoured or paid homage to; -en joyed carnally;--indulged in, cultivated, prac tised, employed, or enjoyed; m. master (opp. servant): -tâ, f. state of being honoured, en joyed, etc., -tva, n. state of being served etc., -sevaka, m. du. master and servant. adhise nāpati m. commander-in-chief. aśanāpipāse f. du. hunger and thirst. ase vā f. non-addiction; -ita, pp. not frequented: -½îsvara-dvâra, a. not wait ing at grandees' doors. ase vaka m. no servant, indifferent servant. ase nya a. not hitting or wounding. āse vana n. frequenting; addiction; -â, f. continuous application, addiction; -in, a. frequenting; addicted to (--°ree;); -ya, fp. to be visited. āse dha m. arrest, imprisonment. āse cana n. pouring on, infusion; bowl. āse ka m. watering, irrigation. utse dha m. elevation; prominence; height, thickness; superiority. utse ka m. redundance, excess; pride, arrogance; -in, a. proud, haughty. upase vaka a. courting (--°ree;); -ana, n. courting; carnal intercourse with (--°ree;); addition to, indulgence in (--°ree;); â, f. carnal intercourse with; devotion to; indulgence in (--°ree;); -in, a.serving; reverencing; worship ping; practising (--°ree;). upase cana n. besprinkling; î, f. butter-spoon. dāse raka m. (young) camel; î, f. female camel. divase śvara m. (lord of day), sun. dviṭse vin a. serving=being in secret alliance with the enemy; m. traitor. nityase vaka a. constantly serving; -snâyin, a. constantly performing ablu tions; (nítya)-hotri, m. constant sacrificer. nihatase na a. having one's forces destroyed; -½artha, a. of obsolete meaning: -tâ, f., -tva, n. use of an obsolete meaning; -½ushtra, a. whose camels have been slain; -hantavya, fp. to be slain ordestroyed; -hantri, m. slayer; destroyer; dispeller; preventer; -hava, m. summons, call; -hnava, m. denial; secrecy, conceal ment; contradiction; surpassing; expiation; excuse, craving pardon (a ceremony); -hnuti, f.denial; -hrâda, m. sound, note. parase vā f. service of others. puṣyase d. inf. of √ push. prase ka m. effusion; watering of the mouth, nausea; exudation, resin; spout (of a ladle); -sekin, a. discharging fluid; suffering from (excessive) salivation; -sena: -git, m. N. of various princes; -sevaka, m. sack, bag; damper on the neck of a lute. dhatotse ka a. haughty. muktāse na m. N. of a prince of the fairies; -sthûla, a. large as pearls (tears); -hâra, m. string of pearls, pearl necklace: -latâ, f. pearl necklace; a½âhâra, a. taking no food. parāse dha m. custody, prison. rase ndra m. quicksilver; -½îsvara, m. id.; -½ullâsa, m. awakening of desire for (--°ree;); -½ullâsin, a. feeling the awakening of desire for (--°ree;). rākṣase ndra m. prince of Râk shasas, sp. ep. of Râvana; -½îsvara, m. id. vatse śa m. king of the Vatsas; -½îsvara, m. id. vairase ni m. son of Vîrasena, pat. of Nala. vyāse dha m. hindrance, interrup tion; -hata-tva, n. contradictoriness; -hati, f. logical contradiction; -hanasya, a. ex tremely lecherous (Br.); -hantavya, fp. to be transgressed; -harana, n.utterance; -har tavya, fp. to be told to (lc.); -hâra, m. utter ance, discourse, conversation; talk about (--°ree;); song (of birds); humourous remark (dr.): -maya, a. (î) consisting of speeches or dis courses about (--°ree;); -hârin, a. (--°ree;) speaking, talking; singing (bird); resounding with; -hâvam, abs. separating by the interposition of the Âhâva (Br.); (&asharp;)-hrita, pp. √ hri; n. speaking, talking, discourse; inarticulate speech (of animals), song (of birds); (&asharp;)-hriti, f. utterance, declaration, statement; mystical exclamation (of formulae consisting of dis connected words, esp. the three bhûr bhuvah svar). śeḍa se da, śeḍḍa names of localities (?). śaurase na a. (î) relating etc. to the Sûrasenas: î, f. language of the Sûra senas (a Prâkrit dialect). saṃse ka m. wetting (ps.), with (--°ree;); -sevana, n. employment of; exposure to; waiting on, serving; -sevâ, f. frequenting; service; employment; predilection for (--°ree;); -sevin, a. worshipping (--°ree;); -sevya, fp. to be frequented, visited; to be worshipped; to be employed, to be indulged in. svase tu a. having one's own bridge (RV.); -sainya, n. one's own army; -stara, m. self-strewn grass (as a couch).
Vedic Index of Names and Subjects
Results for se 20 results
se hu Occurs in a comparison in the Atharvaveda, where it must denote a very sapless (arasa) substance. se laga In the Brāhmaṇas appears to denote ‘robber.’ See Sailaga. se nā Denotes primarily a 'missile,' a sense found in the Rigveda and the Atharvaveda, and then a ‘host’ or ‘army,’ which is its normal meaning. See Sarpgrrama. se nānī Leader of an army,' is the title of the royal ‘general.’ He is mentioned in the Rigveda, where also the word is used metaphorically. He is also referred to in the śatarudriya, as well as elsewhere in the Yajurveda Samhitās and Brāhmaṇas. He is one of the Ratnins of the king. Presumably he was appointed by the king, not by the people, to command in war when the king became too important to lead every little fray in person. In the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa this official is called Senā-pati. se tu Appears in the Rigveda and later to denote merely a raised bank for crossing inundated land, a 'causeway,' such as are common all the world over. This sense explains best the later meaning of 'boundary.' The word in Vedic literature is probably always metaphorical. abhipratārin kākṣase ni is mentioned in the Jaiminīya Upanisad Brāhmana,the Chāndogya Upanisad, and the Pañcavimśa Brāhmana, as engaged in discussions on philosophy. The Jaiminīya Brāhmana further reports that his sons divided the property amongst themselves while he was yet alive. He was a Kuru and a prince. āse cana Designates a vessel to hold liquids, such as meat juice (yūsan)l or ghee. Of its shape and make we know nothing. ugrase na Is mentioned in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa and in a Gāthā there cited as being, with Bhīmasena and Srutasena, a Pārikṣitīya and a brother of Janamejaya. The brothers were cleansed by the horse sacrifice from sin. kākṣase ni Is the patronymic (‘ son of Kaksasena *) of Abhipratārin in the Pañcavimśa Brāhmana divodāsa bhaimase ni (‘Descendant of Bhīmasena ’) is mentioned in the Kāthaka Samhitā as a contemporary of Aruni. putrase na Is the name of a man in the Maitrayanī Samhitā. bhadrase na ájātaśatrava (‘Descendant of Ajātaśatru ’) is the name of a man, presumably a prince, whom Uddālaka is said in the Satapatha Brāhmaṇa to have bewitched. bhīmase na Is the name of one of the brothers of Janam-ejaya, the Pāriksitīyas, in the śatapatha Brāhmaṇa. bhaimase na ‘Descendant of Bhīmasena,’ is the name of a man in the Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā. bhaimase ni ‘Descendant of Bhīmasena,’ is the patronymic of Divodāsa in the Kāthaka Sarphitā. yajñase na Is the name of a teacher with the patronymic Caitra or Caitriyāyaria mentioned in the Yajurveda Samhitās. yajñase na Is the name of a teacher with the patronymic Caitra or Caitriyāyaria mentioned in the Yajurveda Samhitās. viṣvakse na Is the name of a teacher, a pupil of Nārada, mentioned in the Vamśa (list of teachers) at the end of the Sāmavidhāna Brāhmaṇa. śikhaṇḍin yājñase na (‘Descendant of Yajñasena’) is mentioned in the Kausītaki Brāhmaṇa as a priest of Keśin Dālbhya. sārvase ni (‘Descendant of Sarvasena’) is the patronymic of śauceya in the Taittirīya Samhitā.
Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar KV Abhyankar
"se" has 2691 results. se (1) one of the several affixes found in Veda in the sense ofतुमुन् ( तुम् of the infinitive); e. g. वृक्षे राय:; confer, compare Pāṇini. III. 4.9; (2) personal-ending substituted for थास् in the present tense. , perfect, and other tenses; confer, compare थासः से P. III. 4.80. ajitase na author of the Cintāmaṇiprakāśika a gloss on Cintāmaṇi, the well known commentary by Yakṣavarman on the Sabdānuśāsana of Śākatāyana. Ajitasena was the grand pupil of Abhayadeva; he lived in the 12th century A.D. ase kṛt affix in the sense of the infinitive (तुमर्थे) in Vedic Literature,e.gजीवसे; confer, compare तुमर्थे सेसेनसेo P.III.4.9 kase n kṛt affix असे in the sense of the infinitive in Vedic Literature; e. g. प्रेषे, श्रियसे्; confer, compare Kāś. on P. III. 4. 9. kse kṛt affix से in the sense of तुमुन् in Vedic Literature; exempli gratia, for example प्रेषे (भगाय) Kāś. on III. 4. 9. paribhāṣāse graha' a work containing a collection of independent works on Paribhasas in the several systems of Sanskrit Grammar, compiled by M. M. K. V. Abhyankar. The collectlon consists of the following works (i) परिभाषासूचन containing 93 Paribhasas with a commentary by Vyadi, an ancient grammarian who lived before Patanjali; ( ii ) ब्याडीयपरिभाषापाठ, a bare text of 140 Paribhaasaas belonging to the school of Vyadi (iii) शाकटायनपरिभाषासूत्र a text of 98 Paribhasa aphorisms, attributed to the ancient grammarian Saka-tayana, or belonging to that school; [iv) चान्द्रपरिभाषासूत्र a text of 86 Paribhasa aphorisms given at the end of his grammar work by Candragomin; (v) कातन्त्रपरिभाषासूत्रवृत्ति a gloss on 65 Paribhas aphorisms of the Katantra school by Durgasimha; (vi) कातन्त्रपारभाषासूत्रवृत्ति a short gloss on 62 Paribhasa aphorisms of the Katantra school by Bhavamisra; (vii) कातन्त्रपरिभाषासूत्र a text of 96 Paribhasa rules belonging to the Katantra school without any author's name associated with it; (viii) कालापपरिभाषासूत्र a text of 118 Paribhasa rules belonging to the Kalapa school without any author's name associated with it; (ix) जैनेन्द्रपरिभाषावृत्ति a gloss written by M. M. K. V. Abhyankar ( the compiler of the collection), on 108 Paribhasas or maxims noticeable in the Mahavrtti of Abhayanandin on the Jainendra Vyakarana of Pujyapada Devanandin; (x) भोजदेवकृतपरि-भाषासूत्र a text of 118 Paribhasa rules given by Bhoja in the second pada of the first adhyaaya of his grammar work named Sarasvatikanthabharana; (xi) न्यायसंग्रह a bare text of 140 paribhasas(which are called by the name nyaya) given by Hema-hamsagani in his paribhasa.work named न्यायसंग्रह; (xii) लधुपरिभाषावृत्ति a gloss on 120 Paribhasas of the Panini school written by Puruso-ttamadeva; (xiii) वृहत्परिभाषावृत्ति con-taining 130 Paribhasas with a commentary by Siradeva and a very short,gloss on the commentary by Srimanasarman ( xiv ) परिभाषावृत्ति a short gloss on 140 Paribhasas of the Panini school written by Nilakantha; (xv) परिभाषाभास्कर a collection of 132 Paribhasas with a commentary by Haribhaskara Agnihotri; (xvi) bare text of Paribhasa given and explained by Nagesabhatta in his Paribhasendusekhara. The total number of Paribhasas mentioned and treated in the whole collection exceeds five hundredition bhāvase na a grammarian of the Kātantra school who wrote the works Kātantrarūpamālā and Kaumāra Vyākaraņa. bhīmase na called भीमदास also, who flourished in the fourteenth century and wrote a treatise on grammar called भैमव्याकरण. vaṅgase na a grammarian who wrote a grammatical work on verbs named अाख्यातप्रकरण. se ṭka सेट् together with the augment 'iț' prescribed in general for being prefixed to an Ardhadhatuka affix beginning with any consonant except य्. The word is also used in the sense of a root which allows the augment इट् ( इ ) to be prefixed to valadi Ardhadhatuka affixes placed after it, in contrast with such roots which do not allow it and hence which are termed अनिट्. se ṭka possessed of the augment इट् See सेटू. se tusaṃgraha name of a commentary on Bopadeva's Mugdhabodha Grammar written by a grammarian named Gangadhara. se n one of the several affixes found in Veda in the sense of the infinitive affix तुम् ; exempli gratia, for example एषे रथानां, confer, compare P. III.4.9. se naka name of an ancient grammarian quoted by Panini in the rule गिरेश्च सेनकस्य P. V. 4.112. a (1) the first letter of the alphabet in Sanskrit and its derived languages, representing the sound a (अ): (2) the vowel a (अ) representing in grammatical treatises, except when Prescribed as an affix or an augment or a substitute,all its eighteen varieties caused by accentuation or nasalisation or lengthening: (3) personal ending a (अ) of the perfeminine. second. plural and first and third person. singular. ; (4) kṛt affix c (अ) prescribed especially after the denominative and secondary roots in the sense of the verbal activity e. g. बुभुक्षा, चिन्ता, ईक्षा, चर्चा et cetera, and others confer, compare अ प्रत्ययात् et cetera, and others (P.III 3.102-106); (5) sign of the aorist mentioned as añ (अङ्) or cañ (चङ्) by Pāṇini in P. III i.48 to 59 exempli gratia, for example अगमत्, अचीकरत्; (6) conjugational sign mentioned as śap (शप्) or śa (श) by Pāṇini in P. III.1.68, 77. exempli gratia, for example भवति, तुदति et cetera, and others ; (7) augment am (अम्) as prescribed by P. VI.1.58; exempli gratia, for example द्रष्टा, द्रक्ष्यति; (8) augment aṭ (अट्) prefixed to a root in the imperfeminine. and aorist tenses and in the conditional mood e. g. अभवत्, अभूत्, अभविष्यत् confer, compare P. VI.4.71; (8) kṛt affix a (अ) prescribed as अङ्, अच्, अञ्, अण्, अन्, अप्, क, ख, घ, ञ, ड् , ण, et cetera, and others in the third Adhyāya of Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. ; (9) taddhita affix. affix a (अ) mentioned by Pāṇini as अच्, अञ् अण्, अ et cetera, and others in the fourth and the fifth chapters of the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. of Pāṇini; (10) the samāsānta affix a (अ), as also stated in the form of the samāsānta affixes (डच् , अच्, टच्, ष्, अष् and अञ्) by Pāṇini in V.4.73 to 121;(11) substitute a (अश्) accented grave for इदम before case-affixes beginning with the inst. instrumental case. case: (12) remnant (अ) of the negative particle नञ् after the elision of the consonant n (न्) by नलोपो नञः P. vi.3.73. aṃ (ं) nasal utterance called अनुस्वार and written as a dot a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. the vowel preceding it. confer, compare स्वरमनु संलीनं शब्द्यते इति; it is pronounced after a vowel as immersed in it. The anusvāra is considered (l) as only a nasalization of the preceding vowel being in a way completely amalgamated with it. confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. V. 11,31; XV. 1; XXII. 14 ; (2) as a nasal addition to the preceding vowel, many times prescribed in grammar as nuṭ (नुट् ) or num (नुम् ) which is changed into anusvāra in which case it is looked upon as a sort of a vowel, while, it is looked upon as a consonant when it is changed into a cognate of the following consonant (परसवर्ण) or retained as n (न्). confer, compare P. VIII.4.58; (3) as a kind cf consonant of the type of nasalized half g(ग्) as described in some treatises of the Yajurveda Prātiśākhya: cf also Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) 1.22 V.Pr.14.148-9. The vowel element of the anusvāra became more prevalent later on in Pali, Prkrit, Apabhraṁśa and in the spoken modern languages while the consonantal element became more predominant in classical Sanskrit. aḥ ( : ) visarga called visarjanīya in ancient works and shown in writing by two dots, one below the other, exactly of the same size, like the pair of breasts of a maiden as jocularly larly expressed by Durgasiṁha's Kātantra-Sūtravṛtti. . confer, compare अः ( : ) इति विसर्जनीयः । अकार इह उच्चारणार्थः । कुमारीस्तनयुगाकृतिर्वर्णो विसजर्नीयसंज्ञो भवति ( दुर्गसिंह on कातन्त्र I.1.16). विसर्ग is always a dependent letter included among the Ayogavāha letters and it is looked upon as a vowel when it forms a part of the preceding vowel; while it is looked upon as a consonant when it is changed into the Jihvāmūlīya or the Upadhmānīya letter. a,k (ೱ),(ೱ) जिह्वामूलीय, represented by a sign like the वज्र in writing, as stated by Durgasiṁha's Kātantra-Sūtravṛtti. who remarks वज्राकृतिर्वर्णो जिह्वामूलीयसंज्ञो भवति. the Jihvāmūlīya is only a voiceless breath following the utterance of a vowel and preceding the utterance of the guttural letter क् or ख् . It is looked upon as a letter (वर्ण), but dependent upon the following consonant and hence looked upon as a consonant. e. g. विष्णु ೱ करोति. a,p ೱ,(ೱ) Upadhmānīya represented by a sign like the temple of an elephants stated by Durgasiṁha's Kātantra-Sūtravṛtti. who remarks "गजकुम्भाकृतिर्वर्ण उपध्मानीयसंज्ञो भवति." Kāt.I. It is a voiceless breath following the utterance of a vowel and preceding the utterance of the labial letter p ( प् ) or ph ( फ ). It is looked upon as a letter ( वर्ण ), but dependent upon the following consonant and hence looked upon as a consonant. अ:कार name given to the nominative case. case in the Taittiriya Prātiśākhya. cf अ:कार इति प्रथमाविभक्तेरुपलक्षणम् Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. I. 23. ak (1) condensed expression (प्रत्याहार ) representing the letters अ, इ, उ, ऋ and लृ in Pāṇini's Grammar confer, compare P. VI.1.12, 101; VII.4.2. (2) sign (विकरण) of the benedictive in Vedic Literature in the case of the root दृश् c. g. पितरं च दृशेयं P.III.l.86 V 2; ( 3 ) remnant of the termnination अकच् P. V. 3. 71 ; ( 4 ) substitute (अादेश) अकङ् for the last vowel of the word मुधातृ ( P.IV.1.97 ) e. g. सोघातकिः. akac affix prescribed before the last syllable of pronouns and indeclinables without any specific sense for it (P.V.3.71) e. g. सर्वकः, उच्चकैः et cetera, and others akathita not mentioned by any other case-relation such as अपादान, संप्रदान and अधिकरण; stated with respect to the indirect object, governed by roots possessing two objects such as दुह्, याच् and others, which in the passive woice is put in the nominative case. The in-direct object is called akathita because in some cases there exists no other case-relation as, for example, in पौरवं गां याचते or भिक्षते, or माणवकं पन्थानं पृच्छति; while, in the other cases, the other case-relations (with the activity expressed by the verb) are wilfully suppressed or ignored although they exist, as for instance in गां दोग्धि पयः, अन्ववरुणद्धि गां व्रजम्; see अकथितं च P.1.4.51 and the Mahābhāṣya thereon. akartṛ a case-relation excepting that of the subject to the verbal activity. confer, compare अकर्तरि च कारके संज्ञायाम् P. III.3.I9. akarmaka intransitive, without any object, (said with regard to roots which cannot possess an object or whose object is suppressed or ignored). The reasons for suppression are briefly given in the well-known stanza ; धातोरर्थान्तरे वृत्तेर्धात्वर्थेनोपसंग्रहात् । प्रसिद्धेरविवक्षातः कर्मणोऽकर्मिकाक्रिया ॥ In the case of intransitive roots, the verbal activity and its fruit are centred in one and the same individual viz. the agent or कर्ता confer, compare फलव्यापारयोरेकनिष्ठतायामकर्मकः Vāk. Pad. akāra the letter a, (अ) inclusive of all its eighteen kinds caused by shortness, length, protraction, accentuation and nasalization in Pānini's grammar, in cases where a(अ) is not actually prescribed as a termination or an augment or a substitute. confer, compare अणुदित्सवर्णस्य चाप्रत्ययः P. I.1.73. The letter is generally given as the first letter of the alphabet ( वर्णसमाम्नाय ) in all Prātiśākhya and grammar works except in the alphabet termed Varṇopadeśa, as mentioned in the Ṛk Tantra confer, compare ए ओ ऐ औ अा ॠ लॄ ई ऊ ऋ लृ इ उ अाः । रयवलाः । ङञणनमाः । अः ೱ क ೱ पाः । हुं कुं खुं गुं घुं अं अां एवमुपदेशे et cetera, and others Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. I. 4. akāraka not causing any verbal activity; different from the kārakas or instruments of action such as the agent, the object, the instrument, the recipient (संप्रदान), the separated (अपादान) and the location, (अधिकरण) confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.4.23, 29 and 5l and on II.3.1. akālaka (1) not limited by any time-factors for its study such as certain periods of the day or the year. (2) not characterized by any technical terms expressive of time such as adyatanī, parokṣā occurring in the ancient Prātiśākhya and grammar works. The term akalika is used by the writers of the Kāśikāvṛtti in connection with the grammar of Pāṇini. confer, compare “पाणिन्युपज्ञमकालकं व्याकरणम्” Kās. on P. II.4.21 explained by the writer of the Padamañjarī, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Haradatta. as पूर्वाणि व्याकरणानि अद्यतनादिकालपरिभाषायुक्तानि तद्रहितम् । akālāpaka different from the Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra. or the revised Kātantra Grammar confer, compare पाणिन्युपज्ञमकालापकं व्याकरणम् kāś. On P.II.4.21. akṛtakāri doing or accomplishing what is not done or accomplished; the expression is used in connection with grammatical operations like ह्रस्वकरण or दीर्घकरण only in cases where it is necessary i, e. where already there is no hrasva or drgha confer, compare अकृतकारि खल्वपि शास्त्रमग्निवत् । तद्यथा । अग्निर्यददग्धं तद्दहति । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on VI. 1.127. the rules of Grammar, like fire, are applied to places where they produce a change. akṛtavyūha short expression for the grammatical maxim अकृतव्यूहाः पाणिनीयाः which means "the followers of Pāṇini do not insist on the taking effect of a rule when its cause or causes disappear." See Par. śek. Par. 56. akṛtrima non-technical: not formed or not arrived at by grammatical operations such as the application of affixes to crude bases and so on; natural; assigned only by accident. cf the gram. maxim कृत्रिमाकृतिमयोः कृत्रिमे कार्यसंप्रत्ययः which means "in cases of doubt whether an operation refers to that expressed by the technical sense or to that which is expressed by the ordinary sense of a term, the operation refers to what is expressed by the technical sense." Par. śek. Par.9 also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.28. akṛtsna-akṛtsnā an epithet applied to the pronunciation of Veda words improperly which does not serve any useful purpose. confer, compare अकृत्स्ना अप्रयोजना इत्यर्थ: Uvaṭa on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XIV. 68. aṅkita not possessing the mute letter k (क्) or g (ग्) orṅ ( ङ् ) and hence not preventing the guṇa and vṛddhi substitutes for the preceding vowel, if they occur. e. g. मृजेर ङ्कित्सु प्रत्ययेषु मृजिप्रसङगे मार्जिः साधुर्भुवति M.Bh. on P. I.I.I Vart.10. akriyāja not a result of a verbal activity; the expression is used in connection with qualities ( on a substance) as opposed to the activities found in it. confer, compare अाधेयश्चाक्रियाजश्च सोs सत्त्वप्रकृतिर्गुणः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on IV. 1.44. akṣadyūtādigaṇa a class of words headed by अक्षद्यूत which take the taddhita affix. affix hak ( इक) in the sense of 'resulting from' e. g. अाक्षद्यूतिकं वैरम्, जानुप्रहृतिक्रम्, गातागार्तकम् et cetera, and others confer, compare P IV.4.19. akṣara a letter of the alphabet, such as a (अ) or i (इ) or h (ह) or y (य्) or the like. The word was originally applied in the Prātiśākhya works to vowels (long, short as also protracted), to consonants and the ayogavāha letters which were tied down to them as their appendages. Hence अक्षर came later on to mean a syllable i. e. a vowel with a consonant or consonants preceding or following it, or without any consonant at all. confer, compare ओजा ह्रस्वाः सप्तमान्ताः स्वराणामन्ये दीर्घा उभये अक्षराणि R Pr. I 17-19 confer, compare एकाक्षरा, द्व्यक्षरा et cetera, and others The term akṣara was also applied to any letter (वर्ण), be it a vowel or a consonant, cf, the terms एकाक्षर, सन्ध्यक्षर, समानाक्षर used by Patañjali as also by the earlier writers. For the etymology of the term see Mahābhāṣya अक्षरं न क्षरं विद्यात्, अश्नोतेर्वा सरोक्षरम् । वर्णे वाहुः पूर्वसूत्रे । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Āhnika 2 end. akṣarapaṅkti name given to the dvipada virāj verses divided into padās of five syllables. cf विराजो द्विपदाः केचित् सर्वा आहुश्चतुष्पदाः । कृत्वा पञ्चाक्षरान्पादांस्तास्तथाSक्षरपङ्क्तयः Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XVII. 50. akṣarasamāmnāya alphabet: traditional enumeration of phonetically independent letters generally beginning with the vowel a (अ). Although the number of letters and the order in which they are stated differ in different treatises, still, qualitatively they are much the same. The Śivasūtras, on which Pāṇini's grammar is based, enumerate 9 vowels, 4 semi-vowels, twenty five class-consonants and 4 | sibilants. The nine vowels are five simple vowels or monothongs (समानाक्षर) as they are called in ancient treatises, and the four diphthongs, (सन्ध्यक्षर ). The four semi-vowels y, v, r, l, ( य् व् र् ल् ) or antasthāvarṇa, the twenty five class-consonants or mutes called sparśa, and the four ūṣman letters ś, ṣ, s and h ( श् ष् स् ह् ) are the same in all the Prātiśākhya and grammar works although in the Prātiśākhya works the semi-vowels are mentioned after the class consonants.The difference in numbers, as noticed, for example in the maximum number which reaches 65 in the VājasaneyiPrātiśākhya, is due to the separate mention of the long and protracted vowels as also to the inclusion of the Ayogavāha letters, and their number. The Ayogavāha letters are anusvāra, visarjanīya,jihvāmulīya, upadhmānīya, nāsikya, four yamas and svarabhaktī. The Ṛk Prātiśākhya does not mention l (लृ), but adding long ā (अा) i (ई) ,ū (ऊ) and ṛ (ऋ) to the short vowels, mentions 12 vowels, and mentioning 3 Ayogavāhas (< क्, = प् and अं) lays down 48 letters. The Ṛk Tantra Prātiśākhya adds the vowel l (लृ) (short as also long) and mentions 14 vowels, 4 semivowels, 25 mutes, 4 sibilants and by adding 10 ayogavāhas viz. 4 yamas, nāsikya, visarjanīya, jihvāmulīya, upadhmānīya and two kinds of anusvāra, and thus brings the total number to 57. The Ṛk Tantra makes a separate enumeration by putting diphthongs first, long vowles afterwards and short vowels still afterwards, and puts semi-vowels first before mutes, for purposes of framing brief terms or pratyāhāras. This enumeration is called varṇopadeśa in contrast with the other one which is called varṇoddeśa. The Taittirīya prātiśākhya adds protracted vowels and lays down 60 letters : The Ṣikṣā of Pāṇini lays down 63 or 64 letters, while the Vājasaneyi-prātiśākhya gives 65 letters. confer, compare Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. VIII. 1-25. The alphabet of the modern Indian Languages is based on the Varṇasamāmnāya given in the Vājasaneyi-prātiśākhya. The Prātiśākhyas call this enumeration by the name Varṇa-samāmnāya. The Ṛk tantra uses the terms Akṣara samāmnāya and Brahmarāśi which are picked up later on by Patañjali.confer, compare सोयमक्षरसमाम्नायो वाक्समाम्नायः पुष्पितः फलितश्चन्द्रतारकवत् प्रतिमण्डितो वेदितव्यो ब्रह्मराशिः । सर्ववेदपुण्यफलावाप्तिश्चास्य ज्ञाने भवति । मातापितरौ चास्य स्वर्गे लोके महीयेते । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Ahnika.2-end. akhaṇḍaśābdabodha unitary import; the meaning of a sentence collectively understood. agati (1) absence of any other recourse or alternative. confer, compare अगत्या हि खलु परिभाषाश्रीयते. Puruṣottamadeva's Paribhāṣāvṛtti. adevaPari. vṛtti Pari.119;(2) which is not a word termed gati. confer, compare चनचिदिवगोत्रादितद्धिताम्रेडितेष्वगते: P. VII.1.57. aguṇ non-secondary, principal; confer, compare ध्रुवचेष्टितयुक्तिषु चाप्यगुणे तदनल्पमतेर्वचनं स्मरत Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.4.51. agnipadādigaṇa a class of words headed by the word अग्निपद to which the taddhita affix. affix अण् is added in the senses of 'given there' or 'done there' e. g. अग्निपदम्. confer, compare अण्प्रकरणे अग्निपदादिभ्य उपसंख्यानम् P. V.1.97 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1. agnaukaravāṇinyāya analogy conveyed by the expression अग्नौ करवाणि implying permission to the agent to do certain other things in a sacrificial session when, as a matter of fact, he is only permitted to work as an agent at the sacrificial action ( अग्नौकरण ), by virtue of the reply ' कुरु ' to his request made in the sentence अग्नौ करवाणि. confer, compare अग्नौकरवाणिन्यायेन भविष्यति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on. II.2.24. agra the original Samhita text as opposed to pratṛṇna ( प्रतृण्ण ) or padapāṭha, (पदपाठ) which is the recital of separate words. aghoṣa unvoiced, merely breathed; a term applied to the surd consonants, ś, ṣ s, and visarga which are uttered by mere breathing and which do not produce any sonant effect. confer, compare T. Pr.I.12; R.Pr.I.11. The term jit ( जित् ) is used for these letters as also for the first two consonants of a class in the Vājasaneyi-prātiśākhya confer, compare द्वौ द्वौ प्रथमौ जित्; ऊष्माणश्च हवर्जम् Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. I.50.51. aṅ The vikaraṇa before luṅ affixes, substituted for the affix cvi ( च्वि ) in the case of the roots mentioned by Pāṇini in sūtras III.1.52-59:(2) the Vikaraṇapratyaya in Vedic Literature before the benedictive affixes prescribed by Pāṇini in Sūtra III.1.86; (3) kṛt affix in the feminine gender showing verbal activity applied to roots marked with the mute letter ष् and the roots भिद्, छिद् and others. P.III.3 104-106.exempli gratia, for example जरा, त्रपा, भिदा, छिदा et cetera, and others aṅit not marked with the mute letter ṅ ( ङ्) signifying the absence of the prohibition of the guṇa or the vṛddhi substitute. cf अङिति गुणप्रतिषेधः ( वक्तव्यः ) M.Bh. III.3.83 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2. In the case of the preposition ā ( अा ) unmarked with ṅ (ड् ), it signifies a sentence or remembrance of something confer, compare वाक्यस्मरणयोरङित् exempli gratia, for example आ एवं नु मन्यसे, आ एवं किल तत् confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.l.14. aṅga (1) the crude base of a noun or a verb to which affixes are added; a technical term in Pāṇini's grammar for the crude base after which an affix is prescribed e. g. उपगु in औपगव,or कृ in करिष्यति et cetera, and others confer, compare यस्मात् प्रत्ययविधिस्तदादि प्रत्ययेSङ्गम् P.I.4.13; (2) subordinate participle. constituent part confer, compare पराङ्गवद् in सुबामन्त्रिते पराङ्गवत्स्वरे P. II.1.2, also विध्यङ्गभूतानां परिभाषाणां Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Par. 93.10: (3) auxiliary for an operation, e. g. अन्तरङ्ग, बहिरङ्ग et cetera, and others confer, compare अत्राङगशब्देन शब्दरूपं निमित्तमेव गृह्यते Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Par.50; (4) element of a word or of an expression confer, compare अङ्गव्यवाये चाङ्गपरः Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. 190, अङ्गे च क्म्ब्यादौ R.T. 127. व्यञ्जनं स्वराङ्गम् Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. 21.1. aṅgavṛtta an operation prescribed in the section named aṅgādhikara, comprising the fourth quarter of the sixth book and the whole of the seventh book of Pāṇini. aṅgādhikāra a large section of Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. covering five quarters (VI.4.1 to the end of VII) in which the various operations undergone by crude bases before various affixes et cetera, and others are prescribedition aṅgulyādigaṇa class of words headed by अङ्गुलि to which the taddhita affix. afix ठक् ( इक् ) is added in the sense of comparison ( इवार्थे ); e. g. अङ्गुलीव अाड्गुलिक: confer, compare Kāś. on P. V.3.108. ac the short term or pratyāhāra in Pāṇini's Grammar representing a vowel, exempli gratia, for example अजन्त (ending with a vowel), अच्संधि (vowel coalescence or combination). acikitsya impossible to amend, not to be discussedition confer, compare एवं च 'पूजितो य: सुरैरपि' इति अचिकित्स्यः अपशब्दः;Padamañjari on P.II.2.12. ajādigaṇa class of words headed by अज to which the feminine. affix अा is added, sometimes inspite of the affix ई being applicable by other rules such as जातेरस्त्रीविषयात्o P. IV. 1.63 and other rules in the section. e. अजा, एडका, त्रिफला, उष्णिहा, जेष्ठा, दंष्ट्रा. cf P. IV.1.4. añ (1) taddhita affix. affix a ( अ ) with the mute letter ñ ( ञ्), prescribed (i) after the words उत्स and others in various senses like progeny, dyed in, produced in, come from et cetera, and others P. IV.1.86, (ii) after the words विद and others in the sense of grandson and other descendents.P. IV.1.104. For other cases see P. IV. I. 141, 161; IV.2.12,14 et cetera, and others IV.3.7 et cetera, and others IV.4.49. The feminine is formed by adding i ( ई ) to words ending with this affix अञ्, which have the vṛddhi vowel substituted for their initial vowel which gets the acute accent also exempli gratia, for example औत्सः, औत्सी,औदपानः, बैदः, बैदी. aṭ (1) token term standing for vowels and semi-vowels excepting l ( ल्) specially mentioned as not interfering with the substitution of ṇ ( ण् ) for n ( न् ) exempli gratia, for example गिरिणा, आर्येण, खर्वेण et cetera, and others Sec P.VIII.4.2; (2) augment a (अट्) with an acute accent, which is prefixed to verbal forms in the imperfect and the aorist tenses and the conditional mood. exempli gratia, for example अभवत्, अभूत्, अभविष्यत् Sec P.IV.4.71; (3) augment a ( अट् ) prescribed in the case of the roots रुद्, स्वप् et cetera, and others before a Sārvadhātuka affix beginning with any consonant except y ( य्), exempli gratia, for example अरोदत्, अस्वपत्, अजक्षत्, आदत् et cetera, and others ; see P.VII.3, 99, 100;(4) augment a ( अट् ) prefixed sometimes in Vedic Literature to affixes of the Vedic subjunctive (लेट्) exempli gratia, for example तारिवत्, मन्दिवत् et cetera, and others see P.III.4.94. aḍac taddhita affix. affix अड applied in the sense of pitiable or poor to a word preceded by the word उप when the whole word after उप is dropped, e.g उपड् ( उपेन्द्रदत्त + अड् ) see. p. V. 3. 80. aṇ (1) token term ( प्रत्याहार ) for all vowels and semivowels which, when prescribed for an operation, include all such of their sub-divisions as are caused by length, protraction accent or nasalization. cf अणुदित्सवर्णस्य चाप्रत्ययः P. I.1.60;(2) token term for the vowels अ, इ and उ in all Pānini's rules except in the rule I.1.69 given a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. e.g see ढ्रलोपे पूर्वस्य दीर्घोणः P.VI.3. 111, केऽणः P.VII.4.13. and अणोऽ प्रगृह्यस्य. P.VIII.4.57: (3) tad, affix. a ( अ ) prescribed generally in the various senses such as 'the offspring', 'dyed in,' 'belonging to' et cetera, and others except in cases where other specific affixes are prescribed cf प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् P. IV.1.83; (4) kṛ. affix a ( अ ), applied, in the sense of an agent, to a root with an antecedent word (उपपद) standing as its object. e. g. कुम्भकारः, see P.III.2.1: काण्डलावः, see P.III.3.12. aṇu the minimum standard of the guantity of sound, which is not perceived by the senses, being equal to one-fourth of a Mātrā; confer, compare अणोस्तु तत्प्रमाणं स्यात् मात्रा तु चतुराणवात् ॥ see T.Pr. 21.3, Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. 1.60, A.Pr. III.65. Ṛk. tantra, however, defines अणु as half-a-mātrā. confer, compare अर्धमणु ( R.T. 1.41 ). aṇudicchāstra the rule prescribing cognateness (सावर्ण्य) of letters. The term refers to Pāṇini's sūtra अणुदित्सवर्णस्य चाप्रत्ययः P.I.1.69. The terms ग्रहणकशास्त्र and सवर्णशास्त्र are used in the same sense. at (1) tech. term in Pāṇini's grammar for short अ, cf तपरस्तत्कालस्य P. I. 1. 70; अदेङ् गुणः P.I.1.2; (2) personal ending अ for इ ( इट् ) of the Ist person. singular. or Ātmanep. Ātmanepada in the Potential, P III. 4. 106; (3) caseaffix in the case of युष्मद् and अस्मद् for ablative case. singular. and plural P.VII. 1.31,32: (4) tad-affix अत् (अ) prescribed after किम् in the sense of the locative case case before which किम् is changed to कु, क्व being the taddhita affix. formation; confer, compare P. V.3.12 and VII.2.105:(5) substitute अत्(शतृ) for लट् forming the present and future participles in the Parasmaipada. active voice confer, compare लटः शतृशानचौ. P.III. 2.124 and लृटः सद्वा P. III.3.14. atatkāla not taking that much time only which is shown by the letter (vowel) uttered, but twice or thrice, as required by its long or protracted utterance ; the expression is used in connection with vowels in Pāṇini's alphabet, which, when used in Pāṇini's rules, except when prescribed or followed by the letter त्, includes their long, protracted and nasalized utterances: confer, compare अणुदित्सवर्णस्य चाप्रत्ययः I.1.69. atantra implying no specific purpose: not intended to teach anything, अविवक्षित; exempli gratia, for example ह्रस्वग्रहणमतन्त्रम् Kāś and Si. Kau. on तस्यादित उदात्तमर्धह्रस्वम् P.1.2.32: confer, compare also अतन्त्रं तरनिर्देशः ( the use of तरप् does not necessarily convey the sense of the comparative degree in Pāṇini's rules) Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I.2.33. This statement has been given as a distinct Paribhāṣa by Vyāḍiparibhāṣāsūcana. and Sākaṭāyana. The author of the Mahābhāṣya appears to have quoted it from the writings of Vyāḍiparibhāṣāsūcana. and the earlier grammarians See also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on अल्पाच्तरम् P. II.2.34. atijagatī one of the varieties of-in fact, the first variety of-the Aticchandas metre, which see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. : this Atijagatī consists of 52 syllables.e. g. तमिन्द्रे जोहवीमि मघवानमुग्रम् Ṛk. Saṁh.8.97.13 cf, प्रथमातिजगत्यासां सा द्विपञ्चाशदक्षरा Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XVI.80. atideśa extended application; transfer or conveyance or application of the character or qualities or attributes of one thing to another. Atideśa in Sanskrit grammar is a very common feature prescribed by Pāṇini generally by affixing the taddhita affix. affix मत् or वत् to the word whose attributes are conveyed to another. e. g. लोटो लङ्वत् P. III. 4.85. In some cases the atideśa is noticed even without the affix मत् or वत्; exempli gratia, for example गाङ्कुटादिभ्योऽञ्णिन् ङित् P. 1.2.1 . Atideśa is generally seen in all grammatical terms which end with 'vadbhāva' e. g. स्थानिवद्भाव (P.I.1.56-59), सन्वद्भाव (P.VII.4.93), अन्तादिवद्भाव (P. VI.1.85), अभूततद्भाव (P.IV.60) and others. Out of these atideśas, the स्थानिवद्भाव is the most important one, by virtue of which sometimes there is a full representation id est, that is substitution of the original form called sthānin in the place of the secondary form called ādeśa. This full representation is called रूपातिदेश as different from the usual one which is called कार्यातिदेश, confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). VIII.1.90 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1 and VIII.1.95. Vart.3. Regarding the use of अतिदेश there is laid down a general dictum सामान्यातिदेशे विशेषानतिदेशः when an operation depending on the general properties of a thing could be taken by extended application, an operation depending on special properties should not be taken by virtue of the same : e. g. भूतवत् in P. III.3.132 means as in the case of the general past tense and not in the case of any special past tense like the imperfect ( अनद्यतन ) , or the perfect ( परोक्ष ). See Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 101, Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. III. 3. 132. There is also a general dictum अतिदेशिकमनित्यम्whatever is transferred by an extended application, need not, be necessarily taken. See Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. 93.6 as also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.I.1.123 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 4, I.2.1 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 3, II.3.69 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2 et cetera, and others , Kaiyaṭa on II. 1.2 and VI.4.22 and Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. on P. I.1.56 and P. I.2.58 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 8. The dictum अातिदेशिकमनित्यम् is given as a Paribhāṣā by Nāgeśa confer, compare Pari. Śek. 93. 6. atipatti absence of any possibility ; Sec क्रियातिपत्ति. confer, compare P. III.3.139 Cān. 1.3.107. atiprayatna intense effort; characteristic effort as required for uttering a vowel with विक्रमस्वरित. atiprasaṅga over-application of a definition which is looked upon as a serious fault: e. g. अतिप्रसङ्गो व्रश्चा दिषु P.VI.1.66 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 3. atirikta surplus, redundant: confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska. IV.20; see Kaiyaṭa on Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). V. 1.131. ativyakta quite distinct; used with respect to pronunciation नातिव्यक्तं न चाव्यक्तमेवं वर्णानुदीरयेत् confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. XVII.8. ativyasta quite apart, used with respect to lips which are widely apart ( विश्लिष्टौ ) in the utterance of long अा and ओ; confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. II.12, 13. ativyāpti the same as अतिप्रसङ्ग, which see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. . Extensive application with respect to a rule which applies to places where it should not apply. See Par. Śekh on Pari. 28, Pari. 85; also Padamañj. on Kāś. II.I.32. atiśāyana excellence, surpassing; the same as अतिशय in Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. V. 2 confer, compare अतिशायने तमबिष्ठनौ P. V. 3.55, also confer, compare भूमनिन्दाप्रशंसासु नित्ययोगेऽतिशायने । संसर्गेऽ स्तिविवक्षायां भवन्ति मतुबादय: Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on V.2.94, where अतिशायन means अतिशाय. Patañjali, commenting on P. V.3.55 clearly remarks that for अतिशय, or for अतिशयन, the old grammarians, out of fancy only, used the term अतिशायन as it was a current term in popular usage; confer, compare देश्याः सूत्रनिबन्धाः क्रियन्ते यावद् ब्रूयात् प्रकर्षे अतिशय इति तावदतिशायन इति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on , P. V.3.55. ātisparśa excess of contact, which to a certain extent spoils the pronunciation and leads to.a fault. अतिस्पर्श is the same as दुःस्पर्श, the letter ळ being called दुःस्पृष्ट on account of excess of contact. This excess of contact ( अतिस्पर्श) in the case of the utterance of the letter र् results into a fault as it practically borders on stammering; confer, compare अतिस्पर्शो बर्बरता च रेफे, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XIV. 26. atisvārya (अतिस्वार also) name of the seventh musical note in the singing of Sāman. confer, compare क्रष्टुप्रथमद्वितीयतृतीयचतुर्थमन्द्रातिस्वार्याः Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. XXIII. 13. atu short term used by Pāṇini to signify together the five affixes क्तवतु, ड्वतुप्, ड्मतुप् मतुप् and वतुप् ;confer, compare अत्वसन्तस्य चाधातोः P. VI.4.14. atṛn krt affix अत् applied to the root जॄ in the sense of past time. cf जीर्यतरेतृन् P. III.2.104. ate personal ending of present tense. 3rd per. plural substituted for झ ( अन्त ), the अ of झ ( अन्त ) being changed into ए and न being omitted: see झोन्त: (P.VII.1.3) अदभ्यस्तात् (P. VII. 1.4) and टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे (P. III. 4.79). atyalpa rather too little, an expression used by Patanjali idiometically confer, compare अत्यल्पमिदमुच्यते Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.69 et cetera, and others atyalpaspṛṣṭa having a very slight contact (with the organ producing sound),as in the case of the utterance of a vowel. atyādigaṇa the group of prepositions headed by अति which are compounded with a noun in the acc. case ; confer, compare अत्यादयः क्रान्ताद्यर्थे द्वितीयया Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). om P. II. 2.18. atyupasaṃhṛta very closely uttered, uttered with close lips and jaws, (said in connection with the utterance of the vowel अ ); confer, compare T. Pr II. 12. See अतिसंश्लिष्ट. atvat possessing or having a short अ vowel in it; archaic form used by Pāṇini in उपदेशेsत्वतः (P. VII. 2.62) instead of अद्वत् the correct one; confer, compare छन्दोवत्सूत्राणि भवन्ति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.1 and I.4.3. atha Uṇādi affix अथ prescribed in Uṇādi Sūtras 393-396 exempli gratia, for example see शपथ, अवभृथ, आवसथ ctc. athuc kṛt (affix). affix अथु with उ accented, applied to roots marked by Pāṇini with the mute syllable टु in the sense of verbal activity: c. g. वेपथुः श्वयथुः, cf ट्वितोथुच् P.III.3.89. adarśana a term in ancient grammars and Prātiśākhyas meaning nonappearance of a phonetic member वर्णस्यादर्शनं लोपः (V. Pr 1. 141),explained as अनुपलब्धिः by उव्वट. Later on, the idea of non-appearance came to be associated with the idea of expectation and the definition of लोप given by Pāṇini in the words अदर्शनं लोपः (as based evidently on the Prātiśākhya definition) was explained as non-appearance of a letter or a group of letters where it was expected to have been present. See Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.60 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 4 and Kaiyaṭa thereon. adādi name given to the class of roots belonging to the second conjugation, as the roots therein begin with the root अद्. The word अदिप्रभृति is also used in the same sense; confer, compare अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः p.II. 4.72: confer, compare also अदाद्यनदाद्योरनदादेरेव given by Hemacandra as a Paribhāṣā corresponding to the maxim लुग्विकरणालुग्विकरणयोरलुग्विकरणस्य Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. Pari.61. adṛṣṭa not seen properly; doubtful; indistinct;said with respect to a letter which is not distinctly deciphered in the Saṁhitāpātha: exempli gratia, for example तन्नः ( R. Saṁh. I. 107. 3 ): the last letter त् of तत् is deciphered in the Pada-pātha which is given as तत्न: confer, compare अदृष्टवर्णे प्रथमे चोदकः स्यात् प्रदर्शकः Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) X. 15. adoṣa absence of fault; absence of inconvenience. The expression सोप्यदोषो भवति often occurs in the Mahābhāṣya: confer, compare MBh. on I. 3.62; I. 4.108, et cetera, and others adṅ substitute for case affixes सु and अम् added to words ending with the affixes डतर and डतम and to the words अन्य, अन्यतर and इतर. confer, compare P,VII.1.25. adyatanī tech. term of ancient grammarians signifying in general the present time of the day in question, the occurrence of the immediate past or future events in which is generally expressed by the aorist (लुड्) or the simple future ( लृट् ); the other two corresponding tenses imperfect and first future (viz. लड् and लुट्) being used in connection with past and future events respectively, provided the events do not pertain to that day which is in question; confer, compare 'वा चाद्यतन्याम्' M.Bh. P.III.2.102 Vār.6, वादृतन्याम् P, VI.4.114. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 3; (2) term for the tense showing immediate past time called लुङ् in Pāṇini's grammar e. g. मायोगे अद्यतनी । मा कार्षीत् Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. III. 1.22, Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. III. 3.11. adviyoni literally not made up of two elements, and hence, produced with a single effort, an expression used for simple vowels ( समानाक्षर ) such as अ, इ, उ, ऋ, लृ and simple consonants क्, ख्, ग् et cetera, and others as distinguished from diphthongs ( सन्ध्यक्षर ) such as ए, ऐ, ओ, औ and conjunct consonants क्व, ध्र , et cetera, and others which appear to have been termed द्वियोनि confer, compare अपृक्तमेकाक्षरमद्वियोनि यत् R.Pr.XI.3. adhikaraṇa (1) support: a grammatical relation of the nature of a location : place of verbal activity. confer, compare अाधारोsधिकरणम् P.I.4.45; (2) one of the six or seven Kārakas or functionaries of verbal activity shown by the locative case. cf सप्तम्यधिकरणे च P.II.4.36;(3)substance, 'dravya' confer, compare अनधिकरणवाचि अद्रव्यवाचि इति गम्यते M.Bh. on II.1.1. adhikāra governing rule consisting of a word (exempli gratia, for example प्रत्ययः, धातोः, समासान्ताः et cetera, and others ) or words (exempli gratia, for example ङ्याप्प्रातिपदिकात्, सर्वस्य द्वे et cetera, and others ) which follows or is taken as understood in every following rule upto a particular limit. The meaning of the word अधिकार is discussed at length by Patañjali in his Mahābhāṣya on II.1.1, where he has given the difference between अधिकार and परिभाषा; confer, compare अधिकार: प्रतियोगं तस्यानिर्देशार्थ इति योगे योगे उपतिष्ठते। परिभाषा पुनरेकदेशस्था सती सर्वं शास्त्रमभिज्वलयति प्रदीपवत् । See also Mahābhāṣya on I.3.11, I. 4.49 and IV. I.83. The word or wording which is to repeat in.the subsequent rules is believed to be shown by Pāṇini by characterizing it with a peculiarity of utterance known as स्वरितोच्चार or स्वरितत्वेन उच्चारणम्. The word which is repeated in the following Sūtras is stated to be अधिकृत. The Śabda Kaustubha defines adhikāra as एकंत्रोपात्तस्यान्यत्र व्यापार: अधिकारः Śab. Kaus. on P.1.2.65. Sometimes the whole rule is repeated e. g. प्रत्यय: P.III.1.1, अङ्गस्य P.VI.4.1 समासान्ताः P.V.4.68 while on some occasions a part only of it is seen repeatedition The repetition goes on upto a particular limit which is stated as in असिद्धवदत्राभात् P.VI.4.22, प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः P.I.4.56. Many times the limit is not stated by the author of the Sūtras but it is understood by virtue of a counteracting word occurring later on. On still other occasions, the limit is defined by the ancient traditional interpreters by means of a sort of convention which is called स्वरितत्वप्रतिज्ञा. This अधिकार or governance has its influence of three kinds: ( 1 ) by being valid or present in all the rules which come under its sphere of influence, e. g. स्त्रियाम् or अङ्गस्य; (2) by showing additional properties e. g. the word अपादान being applied to cases where there is no actual separation as in सांकाश्यकेभ्यः पाटलिपुत्रका अभिरूपतराः: (3) by showing additional force such as setting aside even subsequent rules if opposingular. These three types of the influence which a word marked with स्वरित and hence termed अधिकार possesses are called respectively अधिकारगति, अधिक क्रार्य and अधिक कार. For details see M.Bh. on I.3.11. This अधिकार or governing rule exerts its influence in three ways: (1) generally by proceeding ahead in subsequent rules like the stream of a river, (2)sometimes by jumps like a frog omitting a rule or more, and (3)rarely by proceeding backward with a lion's glance; confer, compare सिंहावलोकितं चैव मण्डूकप्लुतमेव च ।; गड्गाप्रवाहवच्चापि अधिकारास्त्रिधा मताः ॥ aghikārasūtra a superintending aphorism, which gives no meaning of itself where it is mentioned, but gives its meaning in the number of aphorisms that follow: e. gthe rules प्रत्यय:, परश्च and अाद्युदात्तश्च P. III.1.1, 2, 3 or सह सुपा. P.II.1.4. adhunā taddhita affix. affix applied to the pronoun इदम् which is changed into इ before the affix and then elided by P. VI.4.148, or changed into अ in which case धुना or अधुना could be looked upon as a taddhita affix. affix. adhyātmādi name of a class of words headed by the word अध्यात्मन् to which the taddhita affix. affix ठञ् is added in the sense of 'तत्र भवः' id est, that is found therein, or existing therein. e. g. आध्यात्मिकम्, आधिदैविकम्, et cetera, and others cf M.Bh. on IV.3.60. adhyāsa superimposition : a relation between a word and its sense according to the grammarians; confer, compare Vāk. Pad. II.240. (2) appendage; confer, compare आहुस्त्वेकपदा अन्ये अध्यासानेकपातिनः Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XVII.43. an taddhita affix. affix अ ( अन् ) ( 1) added to the word नीली in the sense of 'dyed in', to form the word नील,confer, compare P. IV.2.2. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2; (2) added to the word अषाढा in the sense of 'produced in' cf अषाढाः उपदधाति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on IV.3.34 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2; (3) added after the affix तीय in the same sense as तीय exempli gratia, for example द्वितीयो भागः, तृतीयो भागः confer, compare पूरणाद् भागे तीयादन् P.V.3.48. anaḍ (1) substitute अन् as Samāsānta at the end of a Bahuvrīhi compound in the feminine for the last letter of the word ऊधस् and for that of धनुस् in all genders exempli gratia, for example कुण्डोघ्नी (by applying ई to कुण्डोधन्), शार्ङ्गधन्वा, अधिज्यधन्वा; confer, compare P V.4.131, 132; (2) substitute अन् for the last letter of the words अस्थि, दधि et cetera, and others before the affixes of the instrumental and the following cases beginning with a vowel e. g. अस्थ्ना, दध्ना, अक्ष्णा et cetera, and others confer, compare P. VII. 1.75; (3) substitute अन् for the last letter of the word सखि, of words ending in ऋ,as also of उशनस् and others before the nominative singular. affix सु. e. g. सखा, कर्ता, उशना confer, compare P. VII.1.93, 94. anacka possessing no अच् or vowel in it. cf इन्द्रे द्वौ अचौ, एको यस्येतिलोपेनापहृतोऽपर एकादेशेन ततः अनच्कः इन्द्रशब्दः संपन्नः confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. on Par. 52.: M.Bh. on I. 4.2 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 22. anañ a word without the negative particle ( नञ् ) before it, e. g. धेनुरनञि कमुत्पादयति, a sūtra in Āpiśali's grammar quoted in Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on IV.2.45 see also P. II. 1. 60, VII. 1. 37. anatyantagati absence of the verbal activity in all ways or respects incomplete activity; exempli gratia, for example छिन्नकम् not completely cut, confer, compare अनत्यन्तगतौ क्तात् P. V.4.4. anadyatana period of time not pertaining to the day in question; used in connection with past time, to express which the imperfect is generally used; also in connection with the future time, to express which the first future is generally used e gह्यः अपचत्, श्वः कर्ता et cetera, and others confer, compare P.III.2.111,113; III. 3.15,135: V.3.21. ananubanghaka without any mute significatory letter attached; अननुबन्धकपरिभाषा is the short name given to the maxim-'अननुबन्धकग्रहणे न सानुबन्धकस्य ग्रह णम्' See M.Bh. on I.3.1: V.2.9. There is a reading in the Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. निरनुबन्धकग्रहणे for अननुबन्धकग्रहणे, in which case the परिभाषा is called निरनुबन्धकपरिभाषा. See Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 81. ananya not different, the same: confer, compare एकदेशविकृतमनन्यवत् that which has got a change regarding one of its parts is by no means something else; Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 37. anabhidhāna inability to express the meaning desiredition The expression न वा अनभिधानात् frequently occurs in the Mahābhāṣya referring to such words or phrases as could be formed by rules of grammar or could be used according to rules but,are not found in current use recognized by learned persons or scholars; confer, compare तच्चानभिधानं यत्राप्तैरुक्तं तत्रैव, अन्यत्र तु यथालक्षणं भवत्येव Padamañj. on III. 2.1;also confer, compare अनभिधानाद् व्यधिकरणानां बहुव्रीहिर्न भविष्यति । यत्र त्वभिधानमस्ति तत्र वैयधिकरण्येपि भवत्येव समासः, कण्ठेकाल इति; Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. on II. 2.24: for examples of अनभिधान, sec also M.Bh.अभिधानलक्षणाः कृत्तद्धितसमासाः अनभिधानान्न भविष्यन्ति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on III.3.19. also on III. 2.1. V.5, IV.2.1. See Kāś. on III,1.22, III.3.158. anabhihita not conveyed or expressed by another id est, that is by any one of the four factors viz.verbal affix, kṛt affix,taddhita affix and compound. The rule अनभिहिते (P. II.3.I) and the following rules lay down the different case affixes in the sense of the different Kārakas or auxiliaries of the verbal activity, provided they are not shown or indicated in any one of the a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. mentioned four ways; e. g. see the acc. case in कटं करोति, the inst, case in दात्रेण लुनाति, the dative case case in देवदत्ताय गां ददाति, the ablative case. case in ग्रामादा गच्छति, or the locative case case in स्थाल्यां पचति. anabhyāsa a wording which does not contain any reduplicative syllable; an epithet applied to such roots as are not to be reduplicated a second time before affixes of the perfect, as they are already reduplicated; confer, compare लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य P. VI.1.8. anarthaka (1) without any signification;literally having no meaning of themselves, id est, that is possessing a meaning only when used in company with other words or parts of words which bear an independent sense;(the word is used generally in connection with prepositions); exempli gratia, for example अधिपरी अनर्थकौ P.1.4.93, confer, compare अनर्थान्तरवाचिनावनर्थकौ । धातुनोक्तां क्रियामाहतुः । तदविशिष्टं भवति यथा शङ्के पय: ॥ Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.I.4.93; confer, compare न निर्बद्धा उपसर्गा अर्थान्निराहुरिति शाकटायनः Nirukta of Yāska. I. 1.3: confer, compare also अनर्थकौ अनर्थान्तरवाचिनौ Kāś. on I.4.93, explained as अनर्थान्तरवाचित्वादनर्थकावित्युक्तम् न त्वर्थाभावादिति दर्शयति by न्यासकार; (2) meaningless, purposeless: confer, compare प्रमाणभूत आचार्यो दर्भपवित्रपाणिः महता यत्नेन सूत्रं प्रणयति स्म । तत्राशक्यं वर्णेनाप्यनर्थकेन भवितुं किं पुनरियता सूत्रेण M.Bh. on I.1.1, as also सामर्थ्ययोगान्न हि किंचिदस्मिन् पश्यामि शास्त्रे यदनर्थकं स्यात् M.Bh. on P. VI.I.77. See for details M.Bh. on I.2.45 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 12: III.1.77 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2 and Kaiyaṭa and Mahābhāṣya-Pradīpoddyota by Nāgeśa. thereon; (3) possessed of no sense absolutely as some nipātas केचन निपाताः सार्थकाः केचन च निरर्थकाः U1. varia lectio, another reading, on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XII.9; निपातस्यानर्थकस्यापि प्रातिपदिकत्वम् P. I. 2.45 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 12 confer, compare also जन्या इति निपातनानर्थक्यं P. IV. 4.82. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1, एकागारान्निपातनानर्थक्यं P. V.1.113 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1, also 114 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1. anarthāntaram synonym, synonymous, conveying no different sense, exempli gratia, for example सङ्घः समूहः समुदाय इत्यनर्थान्तरम् । M.Bh. on P. V.1.59; अपि च बुद्धिः संप्रत्यय इत्यनर्थान्तरम् M.Bh. on P.I.1.56. anarthāntaravācinaḥ not conveying any different sense, अनर्थान्तरवाचिनौ अनर्थकौ M.Bh. on I.4.93. anavakāśa having no occasion or scope of application; used in connection with a rule the whole of whose province of application is covered by a general rule, and hence which becomes technically useless, unless it is allowed to set aside the general rule: confer, compare अनवकाशा हि विधयो बाधका भवन्तिrules which have no opportunity of taking effect( without setting aside other rules ) supersede those rules; M.Bh. on V.4.154, also Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. on Pari. 64. anavakāśatva absence of any opportunity of taking effect, scopelessness considered in the case of a particular rule, as a criterion for setting aside that general rule which deprives it of that opportunity confer, compare अनवकाशत्वं निरवकाशत्वं वा बाधकत्वे बीजम्. This अनवकाशत्व is slightly different from अपवादत्व or particular mention which is defined usually by the words सामान्यविधिरुत्सर्गः । विशेषविधिरपवादः । anavagatasaṃskāra (a word) whose formation and accents have not been ekplained; confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska. IV.1 ; V.2. anavayava literally having no parts; impartite; without any concern with the individual component parts; application in totality; confer, compare सिद्धं तु धर्मोपदेशने अनवयवविज्ञानाद्यथा लौकिकवैदिकेषु P. VI. 1.84 Vārt 5 and the Bhāṣya thereon; अस्मिञ् शास्त्रे अनवयवेन शास्त्रार्थसंप्रत्ययः स्यात् । a rule in grammar applies to all cases where its application is possible; it cannot be said to have its purpose served by applying to a few cases only. anavasthita undetermined, indefinite; See M.Bh. quoted a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. on अनवस्थान; cf also आर्धधातुकीयाः सामान्येन भवन्ति अनवस्थितेषु प्रत्ययेषु । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.56; III.1.4, VII.2.10, VII.4.9. The substitutes caused by an ārdhadhātuka affix are, in fact, effected by virtue of the prospective application of the ārdhadhātuka affix before its actual application. anahva tech. term used by the writers; of the Prātiśākhya works for frequentative formations such as रीरिष:, चाक्लृपत् et cetera, and others ; cf Atharvaveda Prātiśākhya. 4.86. anākāṅkṣa not depending on another for the completion of its sense: confer, compare न यद्यनाकाङ्क्षे P. III.4.23, and Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. thereon which explains अनाकाङक्षे as न विद्यते आकाङ्क्षा अपेक्षा यस्य तस्मिन्. anākṛti not capable of presenting (on its mere utterance) any tangible form or figure the word is used in connection with a technical term (संज्ञाशब्द) which presents its sense by a definition actually laid down or given in the treatise: confer, compare अनाकृति: संज्ञा । अाकृतिमन्तः संज्ञिनः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.1. anādara absence of consideration; disregard: confer, compare षष्ठी चानादरे P.II.3.38. anādeśa (1) original, not such as is substituted: exempli gratia, for example युष्मदस्मदोरनादेशे P.VII. 2.86; (2) absence of statement, अनिर्देश exempli gratia, for example कर्तरि कृद्वचनमनादेशे स्वार्थविज्ञानात् P. III.4.67, Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1: cf the Pari. अनिर्दिष्टार्थाः प्रत्ययाः स्वार्थे भवन्ति Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 113. anānantarya not a close relation; distance: confer, compare क्वचिच्च संनिपातकृतमानन्तर्य शास्त्रकृतमनान्तर्ये क्वचिच्च नैव संनिपातकृतं नापि शास्त्रकृतम् । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on VIII.3.13. anānupūrvyasaṃhitā that saṁhitā text which has an order of words in it, which is different from what obtains in the Pada-pāṭha, and which appears appropriate according to the sense intended in the passage. There are three places of such combinations of words which are not according to the succcession of words in the Pada-pāṭha, quoted in the R.Pr. शुनश्चिच्छेपं निदितं सहस्रात् Rk. Saṁ. V.2.7, नरा वा शंसं पूषणमगोह्यम् Rk. Saṁ. X. 64.3; नरा च शंसं दैव्यम् Rk. Saṁh. IX. 86. 42. confer, compare एता अनानुपूर्व्यसंहिताः । न ह्येतेषां त्रयाणां पदानुपूर्व्येण संहितास्ति Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works. on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) II.78. anāntarya absence of proximity, absence of cognateness; confer, compare इह तर्हि खट्वर्श्यो मालर्श्य इति दीर्घवचनादकारो न, अनान्तर्यादेकारौकारौ न । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Māheśvarasūtras. s 3-4. anāpya having or possessing no āpya or object; intransitive (root): confer, compare चालशब्दार्थाद् अनाप्याद् युच् Cāndra I.2 97 standing for चलनशब्दार्थाद् अकर्मकाद् युच् P. III.2.148. ani kṛt affix in the sense of curse, exempli gratia, for example अजीवनिस्ते शठ भूयात्; confer, compare आक्रोशे नञि अनिः P.III.3.112. This affix अनि gets its न् changed into ण् after ऋ or रेफ of the preceding preposition as in अप्रयाणिः;confer, compare Kāś, on VIII.4.29. aniṭ (1) not admitting the augment इट् to be prefixed to it; the term is strictly to be applied to ārdhadhātuka affixes placed after such roots as have their vowel characterized by a grave accent ( अनुदात्तस्वर ); the term अनिट् being explained as अनिडादि qualifying the अार्धधातुक affix; (2) in a secondary way, it has become customary to call such roots अनिट् as do not allow the augment इट् to be prefixed to an ārdhadhātuka affix placed after them. Such roots are termed अनुदात्त verily because they are possessed of an anudātta vowel. e. g. कृ, भृ, जि, गम् , हन् et cetera, and others as against भु, धू, तॄ, श्वि, वृ, वद्, फल्, चल्, et cetera, and others which have their vowel characterized by an acute (उदात्त ) accent. For a complete list of such roots see the well-known stanzas given in the Siddhāntakaumudī incidentally on अात्मनेपदेष्वनतः P. VII.1.5. ऊदॄदन्तैर्यौतिरुक्ष्णुशीङ्स्नु....निहताः स्मृताः ॥ १ ॥ शक्लृपच्मुचिरिचवच्विच् .........धातवो द्व्यधिकं शतम् ॥ as also some lists by ancient grammarians given in the Mahābhāṣya on एकाच उपदेशेनुदात्तात्. P. VII. 2.10 or in the Kāśikā on the same rule P. VII.2.10. aniṭkārikā (1) name given to Stanzas giving a complete list of such roots as do not allow the augment इ ( इट् ) to be prefixed to an ārdhadhātuka affix placed after them. For such Kārikās see Sid. Kaum. on VII.1.5 as also Kāśikā on VII. 2.10; ( 2 ) a short treatise enumerating in 11 verses the roots which do not admit the augment इट् before the ārdhadhatuka affixes. The work is anonymous, and not printed so far, possibly composed by a Jain writer. The work possibly belongs to the Kātantra system and has got short glosses called व्याख्यान, अवचूरि, विवरण, टीका, टिप्पणी and the like which are all anonymous. aniṭkārikāvivaraṇa a short commentary by Kṣamāmāṇikya on the work Aniṭkārikā, which see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. . aniṅgya not separable into two padas or words by means of avagraha; confer, compare संध्य ऊष्माप्यनिङ्ग्ये: Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) V.41; confer, compare also Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) IX.25, XIII.30. See इङ्ग्य below. anitya (1) not nitya or obligatory optional; said of a rule or paribhāṣā whose application is voluntary). Regarding the case and con= jugational affixes it can be said that those affixes can, in a way: be looked upon as nitya or obligatory, as they have to be affixed to a crude nominal base or a root; there being a dictum that no crude base without an affix can be used as also, no affix alone without a base can be usedition On the other hand, the taddhita and kṛt affixes as also compounds are voluntary as, instead of them an independent word or a phrase can be used to convey the sense. For a list of such nitya affixes see Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on V. 4.7; (2) the word अनित्य is also used in the sense of not-nitya, the word नित्य being taken to mean कृताकृतप्रसङ्गि occurring before as well as after another rule has been applied, the latter being looked upon as अनित्य which does not do so. This 'nityatva' has got a number of exceptions and limitations which are mentioned in Paribhāṣās 43-49 in the Paribhāṣenduśekhara. anirdaprathama an underived word: an ancient term used by writers of the Prātiśākhyas to signify 'original' words which cannot be subjected to निर्वचन. animitta ot serving as a cause, not possessing a causal relation; e. g. संनिपातलक्षणे विधिरनिमित्तं तद्विघातस्य Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 85. See also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.39. aniyata not subject to any limitation confer, compare प्रत्यया नियताः, अर्था अनियताः, अर्था नियताः, प्रत्यया अनियताः M.Bh. on II. 3.50. In the casc of नियमविधि (a restrictive rule or statement ) a limitation is put on one or more of the constituent elements or factors of that rule, the limited element being called नियत, the other one being termed अनियत; also see Kāś. on II.2.30. aniyatapuṃska whose sex-especially whether it is a male or a female-is not definitely known from its mere sight; small insects which are so. The term क्षुद्रा in P. IV.1.131 is explained in the Mahābhāṣya as क्षुद्रा नाम अनियतपुंस्का अङ्गहीना वा Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. IV.1.131. anirdiṣṭārtha whose sense has not been specifically stated ; the word is used with reference to such affixes as are not prescribed in any specific sense or senses and hence as are looked upon as possessing the sense which the base after which they are prescribed has got: confer, compare अनिर्दिष्टार्थाः प्रत्ययाः स्वार्थे भवन्ति -affixes, to which no meaning has been assigned, convey the meaning of the bases to which they are added; confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 113; confer, compare also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on III.2.4, III, 2.67, III.3.19, III. 4.9, VI.1.162. aniṣṭa an undesired consequence or result; confer, compare अनिष्टं च प्राप्नोति इष्टे च न सिध्यति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.3.1 , also confer, compare नानिष्टार्था शास्त्रप्रवृत्तिः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on VI.1.2. anīyar kṛt affix, termed कृत्य also forming the pot. passive voice. participle. of a root; confer, compare तव्यत्तव्यानीयरः P.III.1.96. exempli gratia, for example see the forms करणीयं, हरणीयं, the mute र् showing the acute accent on the penultimate vowel, anukta not actually stated or expressed in a rule; confer, compare चकारोऽनुक्तसमुच्चयार्थ: Kāś. on II.4.18, III.2.26, VII. 1.48; also confer, compare Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. on P.II.2.9 anukramaṇa enumeration (in the right order as.opposed to व्युत्क्रम ); e. g. अथ किमर्थमुत्तरत्र एवमादि अनुक्रमणं क्रियते Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on II.1.58; also on IV. 2.70; verbal forms of the root क्रम् with अनु occur in this sense very frequently; exempli gratia, for example यदित ऊर्ध्वं अनुक्रमिष्यामः; so also the past passive participle. अनुक्रान्तं occurs frequently in the same sense. अनुतन्त्र literally that which follows Tantra id est, that is Śāstra which means the original rules of a Śāstra; technical term for Vartika used by Bhartṛhari;confer, compare सूत्राणां सानुतन्त्राणां भाष्याणां च प्रणेतृभिः Vāk. Pad. I.23, where the word अनुतन्त्र is explained as Vārtika by the commentator. anudātta non-udatta, absence of the acute accent;one of the Bāhyaprayatnas or external efforts to produce sound. This sense possibly refers to a stage or a time when only one accent, the acute or उदात्त was recognized just as in English and other languages at present, This udatta was given to only one vowel in a single word (simple or compound) and all the other vowels were uttered accentless.id est, that is अनुदात्त. Possibly with this idea.in view, the standard rule 'अनुदात्तं पदमेकवर्जम्'* was laid down by Panini. P.VI.1.158. As, however, the syllable, just preceding the accented ( उदात्त ) syllable, was uttered with a very low tone, it was called अनुदात्ततर, while if the syllables succeeding the accented syllable showed a gradual fall in case they happened to be consecutive and more than two, the syllable succeeding the उदात्त was given a mid-way tone, called स्वरितः confer, compare उदात्तादनुदात्तस्य स्वरितः. Thus, in the utterance of Vedic hymns the practice of three tones उदात्त, अनुदात्त and स्वरित came in vogue and accordingly they are found defined in all the Prātiśākhya and grammar works;confer, compare उच्चैरुदात्तः,नीचैरनुदात्तः समाहारः स्वरितः P.I.2.29-31, T.Pr.I.38-40, V.Pr.I.108-110, Anudātta is defined by the author of the Kāśikāvṛtti as यस्मिन्नुच्चार्यमाणे गात्राणामन्ववसर्गो नाम शिथिलीभवनं भवति, स्वरस्य मृदुता, कण्ठविवरस्य उरुता च स: अनुदात्तः confer, compare अन्ववसर्गो मार्दवमुरुता स्वस्येति नीचैःकराणि शब्दस्य Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.2.29,30. Cfeminine. also उदात्तश्चानुदात्तश्च स्वरितश्च त्रयः स्वराः । अायामविश्रम्भोक्षपैस्त उच्यन्तेSक्षराश्रयाः ॥ Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) III.1. The term anudātta is translated by the word 'grave' as opposed to acute' (udātta,) and 'circumflex' (svarita); (2) a term applied to such roots as have their vowel अनुदात्त or grave, the chief characteristic of such roots being the non-admission of the augment इ before an ārdhadhātuka affix placed after them. ( See अनिट्, ). anudāttatara quite a low tone, completely grave; generally applied to the tone of that grave or anudātta vowel which is immediately followed by an acute ( उदात्त ) vowel. When the three Vedic accents were sub-divided into seven tones viz. उदात्त, उदात्ततर्, अनुदात्त, अनुदात्ततर, स्वरित, स्वरितस्थोदात्त and एकश्रुति corresponding to the seven musical notes, the अनुदात्ततर was the name given to the lowest of them all. अनुदात्ततर was termed सन्नतर also; confer, compare उदात्तस्वरितपरस्य सन्नतरः P.I.2.40; confer, compare also M, Bh. on I.2.33. anudāttā a term meaning 'having a grave accent,' used by ancient grammarians.Cfeminine. किमियमेकश्रुतिरुदात्ता उत अनुदात्ता Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I. 2.33. anudāttet literally one whose mute significatory letter is uttered with a grave accent: a term applied to a root characterized by an indicatory mute vowel accented grave, the chief feature of such a root being that it takes only the Ātmanepada affixes c. g. आस्ते, वस्ते, et cetera, and others ; confer, compare अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् P. I.3.12; such a root, in forming a derivative word in the sense of habit, takes the affix युच् e. g. वर्त्तनः, वर्धन: et cetera, and others provided the root begins with a consonant; confer, compare अनुदात्तेतश्र हलादेः P. III.2.149. anudāttopadeśa (a root) pronounced originally i. c. pronounced in the Dhātupāṭha with a grave accent; see the word अनुदात्त a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. : confer, compare अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि ङ्किति P. VI.4.37. See also the word अनिट् a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. . anudeśa (1) reference, mention, statement referring to a preceding element. confer, compare यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम् P.I. 3.10; confer, compare आसिद्धवचनात् सिद्धमिति चेद् उत्सर्गलक्षणानामनुदेशः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). I.1.57, Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 3. (2) declaration, prescription : the same as अतिदेश. confer, compare स्थान्यादेशपृथक्त्वादेशे स्थानिवद् अनुदेशो गुरुवद् गुरुपुत्र इति यथा P. I.1.56 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1; (3) a grammatical operation confer, compare यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम् ! समसंबन्धी विधिर्यथासंख्यं स्यात् Sid. Kau. on P.I. 8.10. See the word अनुद्देश in this sense confer, compare संख्यातानामनूद्देशो यथासंख्यम् V, Pr.I.143. anunāsika (a letter) uttered through the nose and mouth both, as different from anusvāra which is uttered only through the nose. confer, compare मुखनासिकावचनोनुनासिकःP.I.1.8, and Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). thereon. The anunāsika or nasal letters are the fifth letters of the five classes ( id est, that is ङ्, ञ्, ण्, न्, म् ) as also vowels अ, इ, उ and semivowels when so pronounced, as ordinarily they are uttered through the mouth only; ( exempli gratia, for example अँ, आँ, et cetera, and others or य्यँ, व्वँ, ल्लँ et cetera, and others in सय्यँन्ता, सव्वँत्सरः, सँल्लीनः et cetera, and others ) The अनुनासिक or nasalized vowels are named रङ्गवर्ण and they are said to be consisting of three mātras. confer, compare अष्टौ आद्यानवसानेsप्रगृह्यान् आचार्या आहुरनुनासिकान् स्वरान् । तात्रिमात्रे शाकला दर्शयन्ति Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I.63.64; confer, compare also अप्रग्रहाः समानाक्षराणि अनुनासिकानि एकेषाम् T. Pr XV.6. Trivikrama, a commentator on the Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. Sūtras, explains अनुनासिक as अनु पश्चात् नासिकास्थानं उच्चारणं एषां इत्यनुनासिकाः । पूर्वं मुखस्थानमुच्चारणं पश्चान्नासिकास्थानमुच्चारणमित्यर्थः । अनुग्रहणात्केवलनासिकास्थानोच्चारणस्य अनुस्वारस्य नेयं संज्ञा । and remarks further पूर्वाचार्यप्रसिद्धसंज्ञेयमन्वर्था । Com. by Tr. on Kat. I 1.13. Vowels which are uttered nasalized by Pāṇini in his works viz. सूत्रपाठ, धातुपाठ, गणपाठ et cetera, and others are silent ones i. e. they are not actually found in use. They are put by him only for the sake of a complete utterance, their nasalized nature being made out only by means of traditional convention. e. g. एध, स्पर्ध et cetera, and others confer, compare उपदेशेSजनुनासिक इत् P.I.3.2; confer, compare also प्रतिज्ञानुनासिक्याः पाणिनीयाः Kāś on I.3.2. anunyāsa a commentary on न्यास (काशिकाविवरणपञ्जिका by जिनेन्द्रबुद्धि). The work is believed to have been written by इन्दुमित्र. It is not available at present except in the form of references to it which are numerous especially in Siradeva's Paribhāṣāvṛtti. anupapatti discord, absence of validity, incorrect interpretation; confer, compare प्रथमानुपपत्तिस्तु M.Bh on I.4.9. anupradāna an effort outside the mouth in the production of sound at the different vocal organs such as कण्ठ, तालु et cetera, and others which is looked upon as an external effort or bāhyaprayatna. अनुप्रदान is one of the three main factors in the production of sound which are ( 1 ) स्थान, ( 2 ) करण or आभ्यन्तरप्रयत्न and ( 3 ) अनुप्रदान or बाह्यप्रयत्न; confer, compare स्थाकरणप्रयत्नेभ्यो वर्णा जायन्ते Cān. The commentator on Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. describes अनुप्रदान as the मूलकारण or उपादानकारण, the main cause in the production of articulate sound confer, compare अनुप्रदीयते अनेन वर्णः इति अनुप्रदानम्: cf also अनुप्रदीयते इत्यनुप्रदानं प्रयत्न इत्यर्थः; Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works. on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XIII. I. Generally two main varieties of बाह्यप्रयत्न are termed अनुप्रदान which are mentioned as (i) श्वासानुप्रदान (emission of breath) and नादानुप्रदान (resonance), the other varieties of it such as विवार, संवार, घोष, अघोष, अल्पप्राण, मह्मप्राण, उदात्त, अनुदात्त and स्वरित being called merely as बाह्यप्रयत्न. anuprayoga subsequent utterance; literally post-position as in the case of the roots कृ, भू and अम् in the periphrastic perfect forms; confer, compare आम्प्रत्ययवत् कृञोऽ नुप्रयोगस्य, P.I.3.63; यथाविध्यनुप्रयोगः पूर्वस्मिन् III.4.4. anubandha a letter or letters added to a word before or after it, only to signify some specific purpose such as (a) the addition of an afix (e. g. क्त्रि, अथुच् अङ् et cetera, and others ) or (b) the substitution of गुण, वृद्धि or संप्रसारण vowel or (c) sometimes their prevention. These anubandha letters are termed इत् (literally going or disappearing) by Pāṇini (confer, compare उपदेशेजनुनासिक इत् et cetera, and others I.3.2 to 9), and they do not form an essential part of the word to which they are attached, the word in usage being always found without the इत् letter. For technical purposes in grammar, however, such as आदित्व or अन्तत्व of affixes which are characterized by इत् letters, they are looked upon as essential factors, confer, compare अनेकान्ता अनुबन्धाः, एकान्ता:, etc, Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 4 to 8. Although पाणिनि has invariably used the term इत् for अनुबन्ध letters in his Sūtras, Patañjali and other reputed writers on Pāṇini's grammar right on upto Nāgeśa of the 18th century have used the term अनुबन्ध of ancient grammarians in their writings in the place of इत्. The term अनुबन्ध was chosen for mute significatory letters by ancient grammarians probably on account of the analogy of the अनुबन्ध्य पशु, tied down at sacrifices to the post and subsequently slaughteredition anum not allowing the addition of the augment नुम् (id est, that is letter न् ) after the last vowel; The term is used, in connection with the present participle. affix, by Pāṇini in his rule शतुरनुमो नद्यजादी VI.1.173. anuvartya to be observed, to be obeyed; confer, compare न लक्षणेन पदकाराः अनुवर्त्याः । पदकारिर्नाम लक्षणमनुवर्त्यम् M.Bh. on III.1.109. anuvṛtti repetition or recurrence of a word from the previous to the subsequent rule or rules, which is necessary for the sake of the intended interpretation. The word is of common use in books on Pāṇini's grammar. This recurrence is generally continuous like the stream of a river ( गङ्गास्रोतोवत् ); sometimes however, when it is not required in an intermediate rule, although it proceeds further, it is named मण्डूकप्लुत्यानुवृत्ति. In rare cases it is taken backwards in a sūtra work from a subsequent rule to a previous rule when it is called अपकर्ष. anuṣaṅga (1) literally attaching, affixing: augment, अनुषज्यते असौ अनुषङ्गः; (2) a term for the nasal letter attached to the following consonant which is the last, used by ancient grammarians; confer, compare अव्यात्पूर्वे मस्जेरनुषङ्गसंयेगादिलोपार्थम् confer, compare P.I.1.47 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2 and M.Bh. thereon; confer, compare थफान्तानां चानुषङ्गिणाम् Kat. IV. 1.13. The term अनुषङ्ग is defined in the kātantra grammar as व्यञ्जनान्नः अनुषङ्ग. The term is applied to the nasal consonant न् preceding the last letter of a noun base or a root base; penultimate nasal of a root or noun base: Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. II.1.12. anusaṃhāra independent mention, a second time, of a thing already mentioned,for another purpose; confer, compare 'अलोन्त्यस्य' इति स्थाने विज्ञातस्यानुसंहारः P.I.1.53 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1. anusvāra see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. under अं anūddeśa statement or mention immediately afterwards; the same as the word अनुदेश used by Pāṇini in I.3.10, confer, compare संख्यातानामनूद्देशो यथासंख्यम् । अनूद्देशः पश्चादुद्देशः Uvaṭa on Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. I. 143. anekāc having many vowels (two or more) in it; opp. to एकाच् : a term frequently used in Pāṇini's grammar meaning the same as अनेकस्वर or अनेकाक्षर, which see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. ; confer, compare P. VI.3.42,VI.4.82 anekānta (1) not forming an integral part, the same as अनवयव; confer, compare अनेकान्ताः अनवयवा इत्यर्थः Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari 4. (2) absence of any definite view confer, compare अनेकान्तत्वाच्च । येषां चाप्यारभ्यते तेषामप्यनेकान्तः । .. मामहान उक्थपात्रम् । ममहान इति च । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on VI.I.7 anekārtha (1) possessed of a plural sense referring to many things. confer, compare अनेकार्थे युष्मदस्मदी Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.II. 2.98 also अनेकार्थाश्रयश्च पुनरेकशेषः P. I. 2.64 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 15; (2) possessed of many senses, confer, compare अनेकार्था अपि धातवो भवन्ति M. Bh, on P.III.2.48; also confer, compare यान्यनेकार्थानि एकशब्दानि तान्यतोनुक्रमिष