Sanskrit Dictionary

Select your preferred input and type any Sanskrit or English word. Enclose the word in “” for an EXACT match e.g. “yoga”.

Grammar Search

"ruk" has 4 results

ruk: feminine nominative singular stem: ruc

ruk: feminine nominative singular stem: ruj

ruk: feminine vocative singular stem: ruc

ruk: feminine vocative singular stem: ruj

Amarakosha Search

22 results

Word	Reference	Gender	Number	Synonyms	Definition

āmreḍitam		Neuter	Singular	dvistriruktam	repettition

baliḥ	3.3.203	Masculine	Singular	āyudham, ruk

bhrakuṃsaḥ		Masculine	Singular	bhrukuṃsaḥ, bhrūkuṃsaḥ	a male dancer in woman's appearl

bhrakuṭiḥ		Feminine	Singular	bhrukuṭiḥ, bhrūkuṭiḥ	a frown

bhṛṅgārī	2.5.30	Feminine	Singular	cīrukā, cīrī, jhillikā

cikitsā	2.6.50	Feminine	Singular	rukpratikriyā

gajabhakṣyā		Feminine	Singular	suvahā, hlādinī, surabhī, rasā, maheraṇā, kundurukī, sallakī

kīlālam	3.3.208	Neuter	Singular	chadiḥ, netraruk, samūhaḥ

kośātakī	3.3.8	Feminine	Singular	tāpaḥ, śaṅkā, ruk

maruḥ	3.3.171	Masculine	Singular	bhaṅgaḥ, nārīruk, bāṇaḥ

parighaḥ	3.3.32	Masculine	Singular	mṛdbhedaḥ, dṛgruk, śikyam

prabhā		Feminine	Singular	śociḥ, dyutiḥ, bhā, ruk, rociḥ, chaviḥ, tviṭ, dīptiḥ, bhāḥ, ruciḥ	light

pṛthag	2.4.2	Masculine	Singular	hiruk, nānā, vinā, antareṇa, ṛte

rāmaḥ	3.3.148	Masculine	Singular	ruk, stambaḥ, senā

ratnam	2.9.94	Neuter	Singular	hiraṇyam, ‍tapanīyam, ‍bharma, jātarūpam, rukmam, a‍ṣṭāpadaḥ, suvarṇam, hema, śātakumbham, karburam, mahārajatam, kārtasvaram, kanakam, hāṭakam, gāṅgeyam, cāmīkaram, kāñcanam, jāmbūnadam

rogaḥ	2.6.51	Masculine	Singular	gadaḥ, āmayaḥ, ruk, rujā, upatāpaḥ, vyādhiḥ

śakrapādapaḥ	2.2.53	Masculine	Singular	devadāru, bhadradāru, drukilimam, pītadāru, dāru, pūtikāṣṭham, pāribhadrakaḥ

samayā	2.4.7	Masculine	Singular	nikaṣā, hiruk

dārukaḥ		Masculine	Singular		charioteer of krishna

gāṅgerukī		Feminine	Singular	nāgabālā, jhaṣā, hrasvagavedhukā

kaśerukā	2.6.70	Feminine	Singular

adhorukam	2.6.120	Neuter	Singular	caṇḍātakam

Monier-Williams Search

496 results for ruk

ruk

(for 2.See under1. ruj- column 3) , in compound for 2. ruc-.

ruk

(for 1.See column 1) , in compound for 2. ruj-.

ruka

mfn. liberal, bountiful

rukkāma

(r/uk--) mfn. desiring splendour, eager for lustre

rukkeśa

m. a particular medical compound

rukma

rukmin- See next page.

rukma

m. "what is bright or radiant", an ornament of gold, golden chain or disc

(here n.)

rukma

m. Mesua Roxburghii

rukma

m. the thorn-apple

rukma

m. Name of a son of rucaka-

rukma

n. gold

rukma

n. iron

rukma

n. a kind of collyrium

rukmabāhu

m. Name of a son of bhīṣmaka-

rukmābha

mfn. shining like gold, bright as the purest gold

rukmadhara

m. Name of a king

rukmakāraka

m. a worker in gold, goldsmith

rukmakavaca

m. Name of a grandson of uśanas-

rukmakeśa

m. Name of a son of bhīṣmaka-

rukmala

n. gold,

rukmalalāṭa

mfn. having a golden ornament on the forehead (said if a horse)

rukmalauha

n. a particular drug

rukmaloha

n. a particular drug

rukmamālin

m. Name of a son of bhīṣmaka-

rukmamaya

mf(ī-)n. made of gold, golden

rukmāṅgada

mfn. wearing a golden bracelet on the upper arm

rukmāṅgada

m. Name of various men

rukmāṅgadacarita

n. Name of work

rukmāṅgadacaritra

n. Name of work

rukmāṅgadīya

n. Name of work

rukmapāśa

m. a string on which golden ornaments are worn

rukmapattra

mfn. decorated with gold-leaf,

rukmaprastaraṇa

(rukm/a--) mfn. having a gold-ornamented outer garment

rukmapṛṣṭha

mfn. having a gold surface, coated with gold, gold-plated, gilded

rukmapuṅkha

mfn. gold-shafted (as an arrow)

rukmapura

n. "city of gold", Name of the city inhabited by garuḍa-

rukmapuruṣa

m. dual number Name of particular bricks

rukmaratha

m. a golden chariot

rukmaratha

m. the chariot of rukma-ratha- id est of droṇa-

rukmaratha

mfn. having a gold chariot

rukmaratha

m. Name of droṇa-

rukmaratha

m. of various men (also plural)

rukmasteya

n. stealing gold

rukmat

(r/uk--) mfn. possessed of brightness, shining (said of agni-)

rukmavāhana

mfn. having a golden chariot

rukmavāhana

m. Name of droṇa-

rukmavakṣas

(rukm/a--) mfn. golden-breasted, having gold ornaments on the breast (said of the marut-s)

rukmavat

mfn. possessing gold, ornamented with gold

rukmavat

m. Name of the eldest son of bhīṣmaka- (equals rukmin-)

rukmavat

m. Name of a granddaughter of rukmin- and wife of aniruddha-

rukmavatī

f. a particular metre

rukmeṣu

m. "golden-arrowed", Name of a king

rukmi

m. (only accusative rukmim-) equals rukmin- (son of bhīṣmaka-)

rukmi

in compound for rukmin-.

rukmibhid

m. "destroyer of rukmin-", Name of bala-deva-

rukmidāraṇa

m. "destroyer of rukmin-", Name of bala-deva-

rukmidārin

m. "destroyer of rukmin-", Name of bala-deva-

rukmidarpa

m. Name of bala-deva- (so called as proud of having overcome rukmin-)

rukmin

mfn. (iṇī-)n. wearing golden ornaments, adorned with gold

rukmin

m. Name of the eldest son of bhīṣmaka- and adversary of kṛṣṇa- (he was slain by bala-rāma-;See rukmiṇī-above )

rukmin

m. Name of a mountain

rukmiṇī

f. (of rukmin-) a species of plant (= svarṇa-kṣīrī-)

rukmiṇī

f. Name of a daughter of bhīṣmaka- and sister of rukmin- (betrothed by her father to śiśu-pāla- but a secret lover of kṛṣṇa-, who, assisted by bala-rāma-, carried her off after defeating her brother in battle;she is represented as mother of pradyumna-, and in later mythology is identified with lakṣmī-)

rukmiṇī

f. Name of dākṣāyaṇī- in dvāravatī-

rukmiṇī

f. of various other women

rukmiṇī

f. See above.

rukmiṇīcampu

f. Name of work

rukmiṇīharaṇa

n. Name of work

rukmiṇīhrada

n. Name of a tīrtha-

rukmiṇīkalyāṇa

n. Name of work

rukmiṇīkṛṣṇavallī

f. Name of work

rukmiṇinandana

m. (for rukmiṇī-n-) Name of pradyumna-

(see next) .

rukmiṇīnāṭaka

rukmiṇīpariṇaya

m. Name of two dramas.

rukmiṇīśa

m. (ṇīśa-) "lord of rukmin-", Name of viṣṇu-kṛṣṇa-

rukmiṇīśavijaya

m. Name of a poem.

rukmiṇīsvayaṃvara

m. Name of work

rukmiṇītīrtha

n. Name of a tīrtha-

rukmiṇīvrata

n. a particular observance and Name of a chapter of the

rukmisāsana

m. "chastiser of rukmin-", Name of viṣṇu-kṛṣṇa-

rukpratikriyā

f. counteraction or treatment of disease curing, remedying.

rukṣa

m. (prob.) a tree (see vṛkṣa-)

rukṣa

wrong reading for rūkṣa- q.v

ruksadman

n. "seat of disease", excrement, feces

abhinimrukta

mfn. upon whom while not doing any work or while sleeping the sun has set

abhinimrukta

mfn. (wrongly written abhi-nir-mukta-)

abhīruka

mfn. fearless

adhirukma

mfn. wearing gold

anabhyavacāruka

mf(ā-)n. not attacking

anabhyavacāruka

mfn. not rushing against,

anirukta

mfn. unuttered, not articulated

anirukta

mfn. not explained (because of being clear by itself)

anirukta

mfn. unspeakable

aniruktagāna

n. indistinct singing

aniruktagāna

n. humming (of hymns), a particular mode of chanting the sāma-veda-.

anyakārukā

f. a worm bred in excrement

apunarukta

n. no (superfluous) repetition.

apunarukti

f. no (superfluous) repetition.

apurorukka

mfn. without a puroruc-

ardhoruka

mfn. reaching to the middle of the thighs

ardhoruka

n. a short petticoat

arthapunarukta

n. (in nyāya-) repetition of the same meaning in other words

āruka

mfn. hurting, injuring

āruka

n. the fruit of a medicinal plant growing on the himālaya- mountains

ārurukṣu

mfn. desirous to rise or ascend or advance

āśīrukti

f. benediction

asnigdhadāruka

m. a kind of pine tree

aśrukarman

n. shedding tears

atsaruka

mfn. (a vessel) having no handle,

aurukṣaya

n. (fr. uru-kṣaya-), Name of a sāman-.

aurukṣayasa

m. a descendant of urukṣaya-s

babhruka

mfn. brownish

babhruka

m. (prob.) a kind of ichneumon

babhruka

m. Name of a constellation (near which all planets pass when in the 7th and 10th houses)

bābhruka

mfn. (fr. babhru-) like an ichneumon id est (prob.) brown, brownish gaRa aṅguly-ādi-.

babhrukarṇa

(bhr/u--) mf(/ī-)n. brown-eared

babhrukeśa

mf(ī-)n. brown-haired

bākarukā

f. a kind of crane

bakerukā

f. a small crane

bakerukā

f. the branch of a tree bent by the wind

bhandhruka

m. Name of a place

bharuka

m. Name of a prince

(varia lectio kuruka-,or ruruka-).

bharukaccha

m. Name of country or (plural) a people

(varia lectio kacchapa-,or marukaccha-; see)

bharukaccha

m. of a nāga-

bharukacchanivāsin

m. an inhabitant of bharu-kaccha-

bhīruka

mfn. fearful, timorous, shy, afraid of (compound)

bhīruka

mfn. formidable

bhīruka

m. an owl

bhīruka

m. a bear

bhīruka

m. a kind of sugar-cane

etc. (varia lectio raka-)

bhīruka

m. Name of a man

bhīruka

n. a wood, forest

bhirukaccha

n. Name of a town

bhīrukaccha

m. plural Name of a people

(prob. w.r. for bharu-k-).

bhīrukajana

m. one whose servants are cowards

bhrukaṃsa

m. equals bhrūkuṃśa-

bhrukuṃśa

bhru-kuṭi- See under bhrū-.

bhrukuṃśa

m. equals bhrūkuṃśa-

bhrukuṭi

f. equals bhrū-kuṭi- (also ti-bandha-, ṭi-racanā-etc.)

etc.

bhrukuṭi

m. (also) a kind of snake

bhrukuṭī

f. equals bhrū-kuṭi- (also ti-bandha-, ṭi-racanā-etc.)

etc.

bhrukuṭīkṛt

mfn. contracting the brows

bhrukuṭīmukha

n. and mfn. equals bhrū-kuṭī-m-

bhrukuṭīmukha

m. (also) a kind of snake

brahmanirukta

n. Name of work

cāruka

m. the seed of Saccharum śara-

cāruka

m. Name of a man

cārukarṇa

mfn. beautiful-eared

cārukesarā

f. "beautiful-filamented", a kind of Cyperus

cārukesarā

f. another plant (taruṇī-)

cīruka

n. a kind of fruit

cīrukā

f. equals rī-vāka-

dadruka

m. equals drū-

dadrukuṣṭha

n. idem or 'f. (also dara- k.) equals drū- ' ,

ḍamaruka

mf(ā- ī-)n. (n.

) equals rin-

daṃśabhīruka

m. "afraid of gad-flies", a buffalo

dāruka

m. Name of kṛṣṇa-'s charioteer

dāruka

m. of an incarnation of śiva-

dāruka

n. Pinus Devadaru

dārukā

f. a wooden doll or puppet

dārukaccha

m. or n. Name of a district

dārukacchaka

mfn. relating to it

dārukadalī

f. a kind of wild plantain (equals vana--)

dārukarman

n. wood-carving

dārukarṇin

m. "having wooden earrings", Name of bhavila-

dārukāvana

n. Name of a wood

dārukeśvaratīrtha

n. Name of a tīrtha-

dāruki

m. (patronymic fr. ka-) Name of pradyumna-'s charioteer

dārukṛtya

n. anything to be made of wood

dharmabhīruka

mfn. tremblingly alive to duty

drukilima

n. Pinus Deodora

dudhrukṣu

mfn. ( druh- Desiderative) wishing to harm, malicious

dudrukṣu

wrong reading for dudhrukṣu- q.v

durukta

mfn. "badly spoken", harsh, injurious

durukta

mfn. harshly addressed

durukta

n. bad or harsh word

etc.

durukti

f. harsh or injurious speech (personified as a daughter of krodha- and hiṃsā- and sister and wife of kali-)

duruktokta

mfn. ill spoken of

dvirukta

mfn. twice said, repeated, doubled, reduplicated

dvirukta

mfn. said or told in 2 ways

dvirukta

n. repetition

dvirukti

f. repetition, tautology, telling anything in two or various ways

dvirukti

f. (grammar) repetition of a syllable

dvirukti

f. twofold way of expression or of spelling a word

dviruktikośa

m. Name of a dictionary

dviruktiprakriyā

f. Name of chapter of the madhya-siddhānta-kaumudī-.

ekaguruka

m. having the same teacher, pupil of the same preceptor.

ervāruka

m. Cucumis Utilissimus

gaṇeruka

m. (equals ru-) Pterospermum acerifolium

gaṇerukā

f. a bawd

gaṇerukā

f. a female servant

gāṅgeruka

n. the grain of kī-

gāṅgerukī

f. the plant Uraria lagopodioides, 25.

gaveruka

n. (equals vedkuka-) red chalk

ghurghuruka

m. equals raka-

grahāntarukthya

n. a particular ekāha-,

guruka

mfn. a little heavy

guruka

mfn. (said of limbs slightly affected with sickness)

guruka

mfn. (in prosody) long

gurukaṇṭha

m. a peacock

(see guruṇṭaka-.)

gurukāra

m. worship, adoration

gurukarman

n. any affair of a spiritual teacher

gurukārya

n. a serious or momentous affair

gurukārya

n. equals -karman-

gurukopa

m. violent wrath

gurukrama

m. succession of teachers or (with śākta-s) of authors of mantra-s.

gurukratu

m. a great sacrifice

gurukṛta

mfn. highly prized or praised

(

)

gurukṛta

mfn. worshipped

gurukṣopa

m. Name of a prince

gurukula

n. the house of a Guru

vArttika

gurukulavāsa

m. residence in the house of a Guru, a pupil's life

gurukulāvāsin

m. "abiding in la- ", a pupil

haridruka

mfn. dealing in Curcuma Aromatica gaRa kisarādi-.

hāruka

mf(ā-)n. seizing, consuming

heruka

m. Name of gaṇeśa-

heruka

m. of an attendant on mahā-kāla- or śiva-

heruka

m. of an inferior buddha-

heruka

m. plural Name of a class of heretics

herukā

f. a species of plant

hiruk

ind. (see huruk-) off, away, out of sight of(ablative)

hiruk

ind. aside, apart, without

hiruk

ind. in the midst of, amongst

hiruk

ind. near

hiruk

ind. below

hrasvaśigruka

m. a species of Moringa

huruk

ind. equals hiruk-

jatruka

n. the collar-bone

jhirukā

f. idem or 'f. idem or 'f. a cricket ' '

jhīrukā

f. equals jhir-

kadruka

See tri-ka-.

kākaruka

mfn. faint-hearted, cowardly, timid

kākaruka

mfn. a coward, craven

kākaruka

mfn. naked

kākaruka

mfn. poor, indigent

kākaruka

m. a henpecked husband (governed by his wife)

kākaruka

m. an owl

kākaruka

m. deceit (dambha-)

(see kāka-rava-.)

kakeruka

m. a worm in the stomach

kalpadrukalikā

f. Name of work by lakṣmī- vallabha- expounding the kalpa-sūtra- of the jaina-s.

karkāruka

m. Beninkasa Cerifera

karkāruka

n. its fruit

kāruka

mf(ā-) an. artisan, artificer

kārukasiddhāntin

m. plural Name of a śaiva- sect commentator or commentary on

kaśeruka

fn. (

) equals kaśeru-, the back-bone

kaśeruka

mfn. the root of Scirpus Kysoor

kaśeruka

mfn. (sometimes spelt kaseruka-.)

kaṣerukā

f. the back-bone, spine (varia lectio for kaśer-, q.v)

kaurukātya

m. patronymic fr. kuru-kata- gaRa gargādi-.

kaurukṣetra

m. plural the inhabitants of kuru-kṣetra- (wrong reading kur-),

kaurukullaka

m. plural (fr. kuru-kullā-), Name of a Buddhist school.

kesārukā

f. for kaśer-, the back-bone

keśārukā

f. for kaśer-, the back-bone

khurukhurāya

Nom. A1. yate-, to rattle (as the throat)

khurukhurāya

See khurakhura-.

kroḍakaseruka

m. Cyperus rotundus

kṛṣṇāgarukāṣṭha

n. a black variety of Aloe wood

krukta

See 1. kruñc-.

krukta

mfn. crooked, curved

kunduruka

m. Olibanum

kundurukā

f. idem or 'm. Olibanum '

kundurukī

f. Boswellia thurifera

kuruka

m. Name of a prince (varia lectio for ruruka-)

kurukandaka

n. horse-radish (Raphanus sativus)

kurukata

m. Name of a man gaRa gargādi- and anuśatikādi-.

kurukṣetra

n. "the field of the kuru-s", Name of an extensive plain near Delhi (the scene of the great battles between the kuru-s and pāṇḍu-s)

etc.

kurukṣetra

m. plural the inhabitants of that country (renowned for their bravery)

kurukṣetra

m. plural (wrong reading for kaurukṣ-)

kurukṣetraka

m. plural the inhabitants of the kuru-kṣetra-

kurukṣetrin

mfn. (with yoga-) a solar day, in the course of which three lunar days, three asterisms, and three yogas occur.

kurukullā

f. (fr. ru-kulyā-,"belonging to the kuru- race"?) , Name of a Buddhist deity.

kurukurujāṅgala

n. the country of the kuru-s and kuru-jāṅgala-

kurukurukṣetra

n. the country of the kuru-s and kuru-kṣetra-

macakruka

m. Name of a yakṣa- and of a sacred spot guarded by him near the entrance to kuru-kṣetra-

(see maṅkaṇaka-).

madhuśigruka

(

) m. Moringa Pterygosperma (Rubriflora).

mādrukasthalaka

mfn. (fr. madruka-sthalī-) gaRa dhūmādi-.

madrukasthalī

f. gaRa dhūmādi-.

makeruka

m. a kind of parasitical worm

maraṇabhīruka

mfn. afraid to die

(in Prakrit) .

maruka

m. (see marūka-) a peacock

maruka

m. a deer, antelope

māruka

mf(ā-)n. dying, perishing

māruka

m. pl. Name of a people

marukaccha

m. Name of a country

marukacchanivāsin

mfn. inhabiting it

marukucca

(?) m. Name of a country

meruka

m. fragrant resin, incense

meruka

m. or n. (?) Name of a people or country

merukalpa

m. Name of a buddha-

merukūṭa

mn. the summit of meru-

merukūṭa

m. Name of a buddha-

mithyātvanirukti

f. Name of work

mṛgairvāruka

m. equals mṛ-'erv- q.v

mrigervāruka

m. a species of animal dwelling in holes or caves

mṛṣṭeruka

mfn. eating dainties or delicacies, luxurious, selfish

mṛṣṭeruka

mfn. liberal

mrukta

See abhi-ni-mrukta-.

nāgaruka

m. (fr. -vṛkṣa-) the orange-tree

(see -raṅga-).

nairukta

mfn. based on etymology, explained etymologically

nairukta

mfn. relating to the nirukta- (q.v), explaining it gaRa ṛgayanādi-

nairukta

m. (also -uktika- gaRa ukthādi-) a knower of the derivation of words, an etymologist

niḥsāruka

m. (in music) a kind of measure,

nimrukti

(n/i--) f. sunset, evening

nirukṣ

P. -ukṣati-, to remove by sprinkling

nirukta

mfn. ( vac-) uttered, pronounced, expressed, explained, defined

etc.

nirukta

mfn. declared for (Nominal verb)

nirukta

mfn. explicitly mentioned or enjoined

nirukta

mfn. containing the name of a god (as a verse)

nirukta

mfn. distinct, loud (opp. to upāṃśu-)

nirukta

mfn. interpreted id est become manifest, fulfilled, accomplished (as a word)

nirukta

n. explanation or etymological interpretation of a word

nirukta

n. Name of several works., especially of a commentator or commentary on the nighaṇṭu-s by yāska-.

niruktabhāṣya

n. Name of Comm. (prob. = -vṛtti-).

niruktaga

m. "penetrater of mysteries", Name of brahmā-

niruktaja

m. Name of a class of sons

niruktakāra

m. Name of Scholiast or Commentator on

(quoted by

)

niruktakṛt

m. " nirukta--composer", Name of yāska-

niruktakṛt

m. of a pupil of śāka-pūṇi-

niruktapariśiṣṭa

n. Name of work

niruktavat

mfn. "author of the nirukta-", Name of yāska-

niruktavṛtti

f. Name of a commentator or commentary on yāska-'s nirukta- by durgācārya-.

nirukti

f. etymological interpretation of a word

nirukti

f. (in rhetoric) an artificial explanation or derivation of a word

nirukti

f. (in dramatic language) communication of an event that has taken place

nirukti

f. Name of yāska-'s commentator or commentary on the nighaṇṭu-s

nirukti

f. of a commentator or commentary on the tarka-saṃgraha- etc.

niruktikhaṇḍa

m. or n. Name of chapter of

niruktilakṣaṇa

n. Name of work

niruktiprakāśa

m. Name of work

niśāruka

m. (in music) a kind of measure.

pañcakārukī

f. the 5 artisans in a village

parāruka

m. a stone or rock

(varia lectio pavāruka-).

pārāruka

m. a rock

(see paraṭīṭa-).

paunarukta

n. repetition, tautology, kad-.

paunaruktika

mfn. equals punaruktam adhīte veda vā- gaRa ukthādi-.

paunaruktya

n. equals -ukta-

paurukutsa

m. patronymic of trasa-dasyu-

etc. (f(ī-).

)

paurukutsi

(p/auru--) m. idem or 'm. patronymic of trasa-dasyu- etc. (f(ī-). )'

paurukutsya

m. idem or '(p/auru--) m. idem or 'm. patronymic of trasa-dasyu- etc. (f(ī-). )' '

peruka

m. Name of a man

prahāruka

mfn. carrying off, tearing away

prākāruka

mfn. (prob.) scattering about,

praśuśruka

m. Name of a prince (a son of maru-)

(Bombay edition praśuśruva-; see pra-suśruta-).

pṛthurukma

m. Name of a son of parā-jit- (or parā-vṛt-)

pṛthurukman

m. Name of a son of parā-jit- (or parā-vṛt-)

prukṣi

(probably) m. fire,

prukṣi

a well,

punarukta

mf(ā-)n. said again, reiterated, repeated

etc. (in the beginning of a compound and punaruktam am- ind.repeatedly)

punarukta

mf(ā-)n. superfluous, useless

punarukta

n. repetition, useless repetition, tautology

etc.

punaruktabhuktaviṣaya

mfn. (an occupation) in which the objects of sense are repeatedly enjoyed

punaruktajanman

m. "whose birth is repeated", a Brahman

punaruktam

ind. punarukta

punaruktatā

f. repetition, (especially) useless repeated, tautology

punaruktatva

n. repetition, (especially) useless repeated, tautology

punaruktavadābhāsa

m. seeming tautology (a figure of speech)

punaruktavādin

mfn. repeating the same things, talking idly

punaruktāya

Nom. A1. yate-, to occur repeatedly

punarukti

f. equals -ukta- n.

punarukti

f. a mere empty word

punaruktīkṛ

to render superfluous or useless

punaruktimat

mfn. tautological

purorukka

See a-puror-.

purukārakavat

mfn. having many agents or factors

purukṛpā

f. abundant mercy or compassion

purukṛt

mfn. equals -kṛtvan-

purukṛt

mfn. increasing (with genitive case)

purukṛtvan

mfn. achieving great deeds, efficacious

purukṣu

mfn. rich in food

purukṣu

mfn. liberally granting (with genitive case)

purukutsa

m. Name of a man

purukutsa

m. of a descendant of ikṣvāku-

purukutsa

m. of a son of māndhātṛ-

purukutsa

m. of another man

purukutsānī

f. Name of a woman (prob. wife of puru-kutsa-)

purukutsava

m. Name of an enemy of indra-

pūrvapakṣanirukti

f. Name of work

raupyarukmamaya

mf(ī-)n. consisting or made of silver and gold

raurukin

m. plural (fr. ruruka-) the school of ruruka-

raurukin

n. plural the yajus- handed down by this school

raurukīya

mfn. (fr. prec.)

roruka

m. or n. (?) Name of a country or a town

rūpyarukmamaya

mf(ī-)n. made or consisting of silver or gold

ruruka

m. Name of a king

rurukṣaṇi

mfn. (fr. Desiderative) wishing or able to destroy

rurukṣaṇi

See under 1. ruj-.

rurukvas

See 1. ruc-, p.881.

sāmāntarukthya

m. an ukthya- (q.v) in a sāman-.

sāmānyanirukti

f. explanation of the meaning or idea of samanya-

sāmānyanirukti

f. Name of various works.

sāmānyaniruktididhitiṭīkā

f. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktidvitīyatakṣaṇa

n. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktigrantharahasya

n. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktigranthārtha

m. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktikroḍa

m. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktilakṣaṇa

n. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktipattra

n. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktiprathamalakṣaṇa

n. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktiṭīkā

f. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktivivecana

n. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktivyākhyā

f. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktyabhinavavyākhyā

f. Name of work

sāmānyaniruktyanugama

m. Name of work

samārarukṣu

mfn. (fr. Desiderative) wishing to mount or ascend (accusative)

saṃdigdhapunaruktatva

n. uncertainty and tautology

saṃśāruka

mfn. breaking down (in a-s-) Kap

samūruka

m. idem or 'or samūru- m. a kind of deer (the skin of which may be used as a student's seat etc.; according to to some it has a white mane; see camūru-) '

śaṅkatvanirukti

f. Name of work

śapharuka

m. a box, box-like receptacle, pot

śāruka

mfn. one who injures or destroys (with accusative)

śāruka

mfn. mischievous, injurious

śatadāruka

m. a kind of venomous insect

śatadrukā

f. equals -dru-, the Sutlej

śatāruka

m. a kind of leprosy

śatruka

m. an enemy

śatrukarśana

mfn. harassing enemies

śatrukarśaṇa

mfn. harassing enemies

śatrukula

n. the house of an enemy

saumeruka

n. gold (prob. wrong reading for prec.)

savyabhicāranirukti

f. Name of work

savyabhicārasāmānyanirukti

f. Name of work

savyabhicārasāmānyaniruktikroḍa

m. Name of work

śigruka

m. equals śigru- m.

śigruka

n. any potherb

śītabhīruka

mfn. sensitive to cold

śītabhīruka

m. a kind of rice

śmaśrukara

m. "beard-maker","beard-cutter", a barber

śmaśrukarman

n. "beard-cutting", shaving

sruk

in compound for sruc-.

srukka

sruk-kāra- etc. See p.1275.

srukka

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) equals sruc-

srukkāra

m. the exclamation" sruk-"

srukpātra

n. the ladle sruc- and other sacrificial implements

srukpraṇālikā

f. the spout of a ladle

sruksammārjana

n. cleaning the sacrificial ladle

sruksammārjana

n. an implement for cleaning it

sruksruva

n. sg. the two sacrificial ladles sruc- and sruva-

sruksruvalakṣaṇa

n. Name of work

subhīruka

n. silver

sudurukti

f. very harsh language

sūktāmṛtapunaruktopadaṃśanadaśana

n. Name of a medicine work by saj-jana-.

sundaragurukāvya

n. Name of a poem.

surabhidāruka

(

) m. Pinus Longifolia.

surukma

mfn. beautifully shining or adorned

sūryābhinimrukta

mfn. one upon whom (while sleeping) the sun has set

suśruk

See -śr/ut-.

tarukhaṇḍa

mn. (

varia lectio) equals -ṣaṇḍa-

tarukoṭara

n. the hollow of a tree

tarukṣa

m. (gaRa 2. lohitādi-,not in

) Name of a man

tarukṣa

m. see talukṣa-.

tārukṣāyaṇi

m. patronymic fr. t/arukṣa-

(

; rkṣyāy-,VRJ.)

tārukṣya

m. (gaRa 2. lohitādi-) idem or 'm. patronymic fr. t/arukṣa- (; rkṣyāy-,VRJ.)'

tārukṣyāyaṇī

f. of kṣya- gaRa 2. lohitādi-.

tarukūṇi

m. a kind of bird

trikadruka

m. plural (tr/i--) the 3 soma- vessels

trikadruka

m. the first 3 days of the abhi-plava- festival

trikadruka

mfn. containing the word tr/i-kadruka- (

)

trikadrukīya

mfn. idem or 'mfn. containing the word tr/i-kadruka- () '

(pratipad-)

(scilicet ṛc-).

tsaruka

mfn. making hilts of swords gaRa ākarṣādi-.

tsāruka

mfn. skilful in handling (tsaru-) a sword

urukāla

m. the creeper Cucumis Colocynthis

urukālaka

m. the creeper Cucumis Colocynthis

urukīrti

mfn. of far-reaching fame

urukrama

mfn. far-stepping, making wide strides (said of viṣṇu-)

urukrama

m. (viṣṇu-'s) wide stride

urukrama

m. Name of viṣṇu-

urukrama

m. of śiva-.

urukṛt

mfn. causing to extend or spread out, increasing

urukṣaya

mfn. (ur/u-kṣaya-

) occupying spacious dwellings

(said of varuṇa-)

(said of the marut-s)

urukṣaya

m. a spacious dwelling, wide habitation

urukṣaya

m. Name of a king

urukṣiti

f. spacious dwelling or habitation

urvāruka

n. idem or 'n. (u-) the fruit of Cucumis Usitatissimus (see irvāru-.)'

vabhruka

varia lectio for b/abhruka-

vāgdurukta

n. hard or injurious words

vakerukā

vakoṭa- See bak-.

vākpāṭavanirukti

f. Name of a kāvya-.

varadāruka

a kind of plant with poisonous leaves

varuka

m. a species of inferior grain

vāruka

mfn. choosing (with accusative)

vihvāruka

mfn. tumbling, falling

vīrāruka

n. a medicinal plant (equals āruka-)

virukmat

mfn. shining

virukmat

m. a brilliant ornament, bright armour

virukmat

mfn. shining, brilliant, bright

virukmat

m. a bright weapon or ornament

viśeṣanirukti

f. (in the beginning of a compound) "explanation of differences"

f. Name of work

m. Name of work

m. Name of work

f. Name of work

m. Name of work

m. a horse (described as one of a pale red colour)

vṛtticandrapradīpikānirukti

f. Name of work

yamerukā

f. a kind of drum or gong on which the hours are struck

yāskanirukta

n. yāska-'s nirukta-

Apte Search

46 results


ruka	रुक a. Liberal, bountiful.

rukma	रुक्म a. [रुच्-मन् नि˚ कुत्वम् Uṇ.1.135] 1 Bright, radiant. -2 Golden; गरुडो रुक्मपक्षो वै Rām.1.14.29. -क्मः 1 A golden ornament; परितश्च धौतमुखरुक्मविलसत् Śi.15.78. -2 A thorn-apple. -क्मम् 1 Gold; निक्षेपस्याप- हरणं ...... रुक्मस्तेयसमं स्मृतम् Ms.11.57. -2 Iron. -Comp. -अङ्गद a. wearing golden armlets. -आभ a. shining like gold, bright; Ms.12.122. -कारकः a goldsmith. -पात्री a golden dish; भुञ्जते रुक्मपात्रीषु युधिष्ठिरनिवेशने Mb.3.233.42. -पुङ्ख a. gold-shafted. -पृष्ठक a. gilded, coated with gold. -रथः, -वाहनः N. of Droṇa.

rukmin	रुक्मिन् a. 1 Wearing golden ornaments. -2 Gilded. -m. N. of the eldest son of Bhīṣmaka and brother of Rukmiṇī.

rukmiṇī	रुक्मिणी The daughter of Bhīṣmaka of Vidarbha. [She was betrothed by her father to Śiśupāla, but she secretly loved Kṛiṣṇa and sent him a letter praying him to take her away. Kṛiṣṇa with Balarāma came and snatched her off after having defeated her brother in battle. She bore to Kṛiṣṇa a son named Pradyumna.].

rukṣ	रुक्ष् 1 U. (रूक्षयति-ते) 1 To be rough or harsh. -2 To be unkind. -3 Ved. To make dry.

rukṣa	रुक्ष a. 1 Ved. Shining, brilliant. -2 = रूक्ष q. v.

atsarukaḥ	अत्सरुकः [नास्ति त्सरुर्यस्य] N. of a sacrificial vessel.

adhirukma	अधिरुक्म a. [अधिगतं रुक्मम् आभरणं येन] Having ornaments (of gold &c.).

anirukta	अनिरुक्त a. 1 Not articulated or clearly spoken. -2 Not clearly stated or explained, vague, not plain or well-defined; ˚क्तप्रातःसवनः प्रथमः Kāty.; एतास्मिन्नदृश्ये$- नात्म्ये$निरुक्ते Ait. Br. -Comp. -गानम् indistinct singing or humming, a particular mode of chanting the सामवेद.

ārukaḥ	आरुकः A medicinal plant having cooling properties (growing on the Himālayas).

ārurukṣu	आरुरुक्षु a. Wishing to ascend, mount or reach; कैलासगौरं वृषमारुरुक्षोः R.2.35; आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगम् Bg.6.3.

āśrukarṇa	आश्रुकर्ण a. One whose ears hear all around (Ved.).

irvārukaḥ	इर्वारुकः An animal living in caves.

urvārukam	उर्वारुकम् The fruit of the above. उर्वारुकमिव बन्धनान् मृत्योर्मुक्षीय मा$मृतात् Rv.7.59.12.

kakerukaḥ	ककेरुकः A worm in the stomach,

karkārukaḥ	कर्कारुकः A gourd; Mk.1.51.

gaṇerukā	गणेरुका 1 A bawd, procuress. -2 A female servant.

gaverukam	गवेरुकम् Red chalk.

gāṅgerukī	गाङ्गेरुकी f. The N.of a plant (Mar. नागबला, नाडेधामण).

guruka	गुरुक a. (-की f.) 1 A little heavy. -2 Long (in prosody).

grāmerukam	ग्रामेरुकम् A variety of sandal; Kau. A.2.11.

jhīrukā	झीरुका A cricket; also झीरिका.

tsāruka	त्सारुक a. Skilful in handling a sword; Mb.1. 132.62.

dadrukaḥ	दद्रुकः Leprosy.

dārukaḥ	दारुकः 1 The Devadāru tree. -2 N. of Kṛiṣṇa's charioteer; उत्कन्धरं दारुक इत्युवाच Śi.4.18. -का 1 A puppet. -2 A wooden figure.

nāgarukaḥ	नागरुकः Orange.

nirukta	निरुक्त a. 1 Expressed, pronounced, explained, defined. -2 Loud, distinct. -3 Enjoined, decided; पात्रं त्वत्र निरुक्तं वै कविभिः पात्रवित्तमैः Bhāg.7.14.34. -4 Interpreted, accomplished (as a word); proved from शब्दप्रमाण (as शब्दैकगम्य); वेदांश्च वेद्यं तु विधिं च कृत्स्नमथो निरुक्तं परमार्थतां च Mb.12.245.3. -क्तम् 1 Explanation, derivation, etymological interpretation. स वा एष आत्मा हृदि तस्यैतदेव निरुक्तं हदयमिति Ch. Up.8.3.3; महत्त्वाद्भारवत्त्वाच्च महाभारत- मुच्यते । निरुक्तमस्य यो वेद सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ Mb.1.1.274. -2 N. of one of the six Vedāṅgas, that which contains glossarial explanation of obscure words, especially those occurring in the Vedas; नाम च धातुजमाह निरुक्ते Nir. -3 N. of a celebrated commentary on the Nighaṇṭus by Yāska. -Comp. -कारः N. of the sage Yāska. -जः one of the twelve kinds of sons allowed by the old Hindu law (= क्षेत्रजः q. v.); आत्मा पुत्रश्च विज्ञेयस्तस्यानन्त- रजश्च यः । निरुक्तजश्च विज्ञेयः सुतः प्रसृतजस्तथा ॥ Mb.13.49.3. -वृत्तिः N. of a com. on Yāska's निरुक्त by Durgāchārya.

niruktiḥ	निरुक्तिः f. 1 Derivation, etymological interpretation of words; जरत्कारुनिरुक्तिं त्वं यथावद्वक्तुमर्हसि Mb.1.4.2. -2 (In Rhet.) An artificial explanation of the derivation of a word; thus defined:-- निरुक्तिर्योगतो नाम्नामन्यार्थत्व- प्रकल्पनम् । ईदृशैश्चरितैर्जाने सत्यं दोषाकरो भवान् ॥ Chandr.5.168 (where दोषाकरः is equal to दोषाणामाकरः). -3 (In drama.) communication of an event that has taken place. -4 N. of Yāska's commentary on the Nighaṇṭus.

niśārukaḥ	निशारुकः One of the seven Rūpakas in music; दृढः प्रौढो$थ खचरो विभवश्चतुरक्रमः । निशारुकः प्रतीतालः कथिताः सप्त रूपकाः ॥ -कम् An air, a sort of musical compositon played as an accompaniment to dancing.

parārukaḥ	परारुकः A stone or rock.

bakerukā	बकेरुका 1 A small crane. -2 The branch of a tree bent by the wind.

babhrukaḥ	बभ्रुकः N. of a constellation.

bābhruka	बाभ्रुक a. (-की f.) Brown, brownish.

bharukacchaḥ	भरुकच्छः N. of a country (v. l. मरुकच्छ).

bhrukuṭiḥ	भ्रुकुटिः टी See भ्रूकुटि; समर्प्यमाणं सुदृशा नाग्रहीद्भ्रुकुटीमुखः Bm.1.266.

marukaḥ	मरुकः 1 A peacock. -2 A deer, antelope.

mṛṣṭeruka	मृष्टेरुक a. 1 Eating dainties, luxurious. -2 Selfish. -3 Liberal.

merukaḥ	मेरुकः Incense.

yamerukā	यमेरुका A kind of gong on which the hours are struck.

virukmat	विरुक्मत् m. A bright weapon.

vorukhānaḥ	वोरुखानः A kind of red horse.

śakrukaḥ	शक्रुकः A kind of poison (cf. सक्रुकः); L. D. B.

śapharukaḥ	शफरुकः A box, pot; Hch.4.

śāruka	शारुक a. (-की f.) Noxious, hurtful, mischievous.

hiruk	हिरुक् ind. Ved. 1 Without, except. -2 Amongst, in the midst of. -3 Near. -4 Below.

herukaḥ	हेरुकः 1 An attendant on Śiva. -2 N. of Gaṇeśa. -3 N. of a Buddha (= चक्रसम्बर).

Macdonell Vedic Search

4 results


rukma	ruk-má, m. golden gem, vii. 63, 4 [ruc shine].

urukrama	uru-kramá, a. (Bv.) wide-striding, i. 154, 5 [kráma, m. stride].

trikadruka	trí-kadruka, m. pl. three Soma vats, x. 14, 16 [kadrú̄, f. Soma vessel].

virukmant	vi-rúk-mant, m. shining weapon, i. 85, 3 [ruc shine].

Macdonell Search

25 results


rukma	m. (n. AV.) gold ornament (V.); disc of gold (Br.); n. gold (C.): -pura, n. Gold-town, N. of Garuda's city; -maya, a. made of gold, golden; -½a&ndot;gada, m. N.

rukmin	a. adorned with gold (V.); m. N. of the eldest son of Bhîshmaka and adversary of Krishna.

adhirukmamandiragavākṣam	ad. at the window of the golden palace.

anirukta	pp. unexpressed; im plicit: said of verses in which the deity is not expressly named.

apunarukta	pp. never palling.

ārurukṣu	des. a. desirous of as cending or climbing to (ac.).

urukrama	a. far-striding; -gâyá, id.; far-extending; m. ep. of Vishnu; -vi krama, a. of great courage; -vyákas, a. capacious; -vyañk, a. id.; extensive: f. urûk&isharp;, earth; -sámsa, a. praising aloud; far-ruling.

kurukṣetra	n. plain of Kuru; m. pl. people of Kurukshetra; N. of a country.

gurukarman	n. affair of the teacher; -kârya, n. important business; -kula, n. teacher's house: -vâsa, m. sojourn in a teacher's house, tutelary stage in a Brâhman's life; -krita, pp. made much of, lauded; -kratu, m. great sacrifice; -griha, n. pre ceptor's house; -gana, m. venerable person, father, mother, parents; -talpa, m. teacher's conjugal bed; violation of one's preceptor's bed: -ga, -gâmin, a. defiling a teacher's conjugal bed, -½abhigamana, n. violation of one's teacher's bed; -talpin, a. = -talpa ga; -tâ, f. heaviness; importance; dignity; condition of a teacher; -tva, n. id.; proso dical length: -ka, n. heaviness; -darsana,n. sight of one's teacher; -dâra, m. teacher's wife; -dhur, f. pl. severe task; -patnî, f. teacher's wife; -pûgâ, f. reverence towards a teacher; -prasâdanîya, fp. obliging to one's teacher; -prasûta, pp. permitted or bidden by elder relatives; -bhâryâ, f. teacher's wife.

trikadruka	m. pl. N. of certain three Soma vessels; -kapâla, a. distributed on three dishes; -karma-krit, a. performing the three chief actions of a Brâhman (sacri fice, Vedic study, and charity); -karman, a. id.

dārukarman	n. wood-carving; -kritya, n. function of wood; -ga, a. wooden.

dudhrukṣu	a. wishing to hurt, treacherously inclined.

durukta	pp. spoken falsely, rashly, or offensively (n. word --); harshly addressed; n. false, rash, or offensive word; -ukti, f. harsh or offensive word; -ukkheda, a. hard to exterminate; -uttara, a. hard to overcome; -utsaha, a. hard to bear; -resist; -udâhara, a. hard to utter; -udvaha, a. hard to bear; -upakâra, a. hard to approach, dangerous to molest; hard to deal with; -upadishta, pp. badly instructed; -upadesa, m.bad advice; -upapâda, a. hard to bring about or manage; difficult to prove; -upalaksha, a. hard to perceive; -upasarpin, a. approaching incau tiously.

dvirukta	pp. said twice, repeated; reduplicated; n. reduplication; -ukti, f. repetition, doubling.

nimrukti	f. sunset, evening; -mrúk, f. id.

nirukta	pp. √ vak; n. explanation; etymological interpretation; esp. T. of Yâs ka's commentary on the Nighantus; -ukti, f. etymological explanation; -uñkhana, n. = nî-râgana; -uttara, a.having no superior; unable to give an answer; -utsava, a. devoid of festivals; -utsâha, a. destitute of energy, unenterprising, spiritless: -tâ, f. cowardice; -utsuka, a. unconcerned; having no desire for (prati); -utseka, m.modesty; a. unpre tentious, modest; -udara, a. trunkless; -ud desam, ad. without making any statement; -udyama, a. avoiding exertion, indolent; -udyoga, a. id.; -udvigna, pp. untroubled, unagitated: -manas, a. havingone's mind undisturbed; -udvega, a. free from agitation, calm; -unmâda, a. free from arrogance; -upakârin, a. unable to render a service; -upakriya, a. rendering no service; -upa-drava, a. unassailed by mischances orcalami ties, prosperous, faring well; free from danger, safe: -tâ, f. security; -upadhi, a. free from guile, honest; blameless; -upapatti, a. un suitable; -upapada, a. unaccompanied by a secondary word; -upaplava, a.undisturbed, uninterrupted; -upabhoga, a. not enjoying; -upama, a. having no equal; -upayoga, a. useless; -upâkhya, a. indescribable: -tva, n. abst. n.; -upâya, a. futile; -ushna-tâ, f. coldness: -m nî, make cold, kill; -ushnîsha, a. turbanless, bareheaded.

punarukta	pp. said over again, repeated; superfluous, useless: -m or °ree;--, ad. repeatedly; n. repetition, tautology: -tâ, f., -tva, n. repetition, tautology; -ukta-vad- âbhâsa, m. seeming tautology (rh.); -ukti, f. repetition; useless repetition, tautology; useless or empty word: -mat, a. tautological; -uktî-kri, render superfluous; -upagamana, n. return; -upasadana, n. repeated performance; -upâkarana, n. renewal of study; -upâgama, m. return.

purukṣu	a. rich in food; -git, m. N.; -táma, spv. ever-recurring; -tr&asharp;, (V.) ad. in many ways, places, or directions; fre quently; -dhá (only before two consonants) or -dh&asharp;, ad. in many ways; frequently; -v&isharp;ra, a. rich or abounding in men (RV.).

paunaruktya	n. repetition; tautology.

bhrukuṭi	f. contraction of the brow, frown: î, f. id.; (i)-bandha, m., (i)-rak anâ, f. knitting of the brows; (î)-krit, a. contracting the brow, frowning; (î)-mukha, n. frowning face; a. having a frowning face.

śapharuka	m. small box.

māruka	a. perishing.

hiruk	ad. away, out of sight of (ab.; V.); apart (C.).

huruk	ad. aside (RV.1; cp. hiruk).

heruka	m. ep. of Ganesa; N.

Vedic Index of
Names and Subjects

25 results13 results


rukma	In the Rigveda denotes an ornament, probably of gold, usually worn on the breast. Being in several passages used of the sun, it probably had the form of a disk. In the Brāhmanas it designates a gold plate. See also Rajata.

rukmapaśa	Denotes the ‘cord’ on which ‘the gold plate’ is hung.

urukakṣa	Occurs in only one passage of the Rigveda, where the sense of the word is much disputed. The reading of the text is imih kakso na gāñgyah, which may refer to a man, Urukaksa, ‘dwelling on the Ganges, or to a man, son of Gañgā, or to a wood so called, or may simply denote the ‘ broad thicket on the Ganges.

urukṣaya	A family of Uruksayas, singers and worshippers of Agni, is referred to in one hymn of the Rigveda.

kurukṣetra	(‘ land of the Kurus ’) is always regarded in the Brāhmana texts as a particularly sacred country. Within its boundaries flowed the rivers Drsadvatī and Sarasvatī, as well as the Apayā. Here, too, was situated Saryanāvant, which appears to have been a lake, like that known to the Satapatha Brāhmana by the name of Anyatah-plaksā. According to Pischel, there was also in Kuruksetra a stream called Pastyā, which he sees in certain passages of the Rigveda. The boun¬daries of Kuruksetra are given in a passage of the Taittirīya Áranyaka as being Khāndava on the south, the Tūrghna on the north, and the Parīnah on the west. Roughly speaking, it corresponded to the modern Sirhind.

tarukṣa	Is the name of a man in the Rigveda who is mentioned along with Balbūtha, the Dāsa, in a Dāna-stuti, or ‘Praise of Gifts.

tārukṣya	Is the name of a teacher in the Aitareya and śāñkhāyana Aranyakas. In the former passage Tārksya is a variant reading, and in the latter Tārksya is read, but this is probably only due to confusion with Tārksya, the reputed author of a Rigvedic hymn.

trikadruka	A term used in the plural only, appears to denote three vessels of some kind for holding Soma.

nirukta	Explanation ’ of a word or passage, is found in the Chāndogya Upanisad, but does not appear as the name of a work before the later Upanisads. It is, however, probable that Yāska’s Nirukta is not later than the rise of Buddhism. Cf. Nirvacana.

nairukta	In the Nirukta denotes a man who knows the true etymology of words, and explains their meaning accordingly. Yāska’s Nirukta is the classic work of this school, and forms a commentary on an earlier Nirukta, the so-called Naighantuka, a glossary consisting of five collections of Vedic words.

purukutsa	Is the name of a king who is mentioned several times in the Rigveda. In one passage he is mentioned as a contemporary of Sudās, but whether as a foe, according to Ludwig, or merely as a contemporary, according to Hillebrandt, is uncertain. In two other passages he is mentioned as victorious by divine favour, and in another he appears as a king of the Pūrus and a conqueror of the Dāsas. His son was Trasadasyu, who is accordingly called Paurukutsya or Paurukutsi. Different conclusions have been drawn from one hymn of the Rigveda in which the birth of Purukutsa’s son, Trasadasyu, is mentioned. The usual interpretation is that Purukutsa was killed in battle or captured, whereupon his wife secured a son to restore the fortunes of the Pūrus. But Sieg offers a completely different interpretation. According to him the word daurgahe, which occurs in the hymn, and which in the ordinary view is rendered descendant of Durgaha,' an ancestor of Purukutsa, is the name of a horse, the hymn recording the success of an Aśvamedha (‘horse sacrifice’) undertaken by Purukutsa for his wife, as by kings in later times, to secure a son. This interpretation is supported by the version of daurgahe given in the śatapatha, but is by no means certain. Moreover, if Purukutsa was a contemporary of Sudās, the defeat of the Pūrus by Sudās in the Dāśarājña might well have been the cause of the troubles from which Purukutsānī, by the birth of Trasadasyu, rescued the family. In the śatapatha Brāhmana Purukutsa is called an Aiksvāka.

purukutsánī	‘ Wife of Purukutsa,’ is mentioned as the mother of Trasadasyu in one hymn of the Rigveda.

peruka	occurs in an obscure verse of the Rigveda as the name of a patron of the poet.

Bloomfield Vedic
Concordance

25 results13 results100 results


ā	rukmair ā yudhā naraḥ RV.5.52.6a.

bhrājante	rukmair āyudhais tanūbhiḥ RV.7.57.3b.

divi	rukma ivopari RV.5.61.12c.

divīva	rukmam uruvyañcam aśret RV.5.1.12d; VS.15.25d; TS.4.4.4.2d; MS.2.13.7d: 155.17.

divo	rukma urucakṣā ud eti RV.7.63.4a; KS.10.13a; TB.2.8.7.3a; Apś.16.12.1a. P: divo rukmaḥ śś.3.18.6.

dṛśāno	rukma urvyā (RV.KS. urviyā; MS. uruyā) vy adyaut (MS. vi bhāti) RV.10.45.8a; VS.12.1a,25a; TS.1.3.14.5a; 4.1.10.4a; 2.2.4a; MS.2.7.8a: 84.10; 3.2.1: 14.5; KS.16.8a,9a; 19.11; śB.6.7.2.2; ApMB.2.11.31a (ApG.6.15.1). P: dṛśāno rukmaḥ Kś.16.5.1; Apś.16.10.9; Mś.6.1.4.1.

dyāvākṣāmā	rukmo antar vi bhāti RV.1.96.5c; VS.12.2c; 17.70c; TS.4.1.10.4c; 4.6.5.2c; 7.12.3c; MS.2.7.8c: 84.13; 3.21: 14.13; KS.16.8c; 18.4c; śB.6.7.2.3. P: dyāvākṣāmā Kś.16.5.4.

eṣa	rukmibhir īyate RV.9.15.5a; SV.2.620a.

mayi	ruk TA.4.6.2; 5.5.3.

niṣke	rukme ca yad varcaḥ AVP.2.34.2c.

pañca	rukmā jyotir asmai bhavanti AVś.9.5.26a.

pañca	rukmā pañca navāni vastrā AVś.9.5.25a. P: pañca rukmā Kauś.64.25.

piṣṭaṃ	rukmebhir añjibhiḥ RV.5.56.1b.

agnir	na ye bhrājasā rukmavakṣasaḥ # RV.10.78.2a; N.3.15.

agne	carur yajñiyas tvādhy arukṣat # AVś.11.1.16a; Kauś.2.7. P: agne caruḥ Kauś.61.31.

atikrāmanto	duritā padāni (N. duritāni viśvā) # AVś.12.2.28c; N.6.12d (see Roth's Erl"auterungen zum Nirukta, p. 80). Cf. ati viśvāni, aty enaṃ, antar dadhānā, apaghnā no, apa bādhatāṃ, and taranto viśvā.

adān	me paurukutsyaḥ pañcāśatam # RV.8.19.36a. Cf. BṛhD.6.51.

adhīlodhakarṇās	trayo viṣṇava urukramāya # TS.5.6.16.1; KSA.9.6.

anu	mṛkṣīṣṭa tanvaṃ duruktaiḥ # RV.1.147.4d.

apāṃ	tvā goṣṭho adhy arukṣad bharāya # AVś.11.1.13b.

apo	na vāṃ sunoty akṣṇayādhruk # RV.1.122.9b.

asmin	have (AVP. vāje) puruhūtaḥ purukṣuḥ (AVśṭS. -kṣu) # RV.10.128.8b; AVP.5.4.7b; AVś.5.3.8b; TS.4.7.14.3b; KS.40.10b.

ākāyyasya	dāvane purukṣoḥ # RV.4.29.5d.

ā	tvārukṣad vṛṣabhaḥ pṛśnir agriyaḥ # Kauś.89.6a.

āditya	nāvam ārukṣaḥ (SMB. ārokṣam) # AVś.17.1.25a; SMB.2.5.14a. P: āditya nāvam GG.4.6.12; KhG.4.1.25. See imāṃ su nāvam, imāṃ nāvam, sunāvam ā ruheyam, and sūrya nāvam.

ādityo	dyām adhyarukṣad vipaścit # Vait.14.1d.

ā	dyām arukṣad uttarāṇi sadma # RV.10.67.10b; AVś.20.91.10b; MS.4.12.1b: 178.1.

ā	mārukṣat (AVP. mā ru-) parṇamaṇiḥ # AVś.3.5.5a; AVP.3.13.5a. See next.

ā	mārukṣad devamaṇiḥ # AVś.8.5.20a. See prec.

ā	me graho bhavatv (KSA. grahā bhavantv) ā puroruk # TS.7.3.13.1a; KSA.3.3a.

indra	dyām ārurukṣataḥ # RV.8.14.14b; AVś.20.29.4b.

iyaṃ	duruktāt (PG. duruktaṃ) paribādhamānā # śG.2.2.1a; SMB.1.6.27a; GG.2.10.37; PG.2.2.8a; ApMB.2.2.9a (ApG.4.10.11); MG.1.22.10a; JG.1.12a; VārG.5.7a. P: iyaṃ duruktāt KhG.2.4.19; JG.1.12. See yā duritā pari-.

ījānaś	cittam ārukṣad agnim # AVś.18.4.14a; Kauś.80.52.

uta	tye mā paurukutsyasya sūreḥ # RV.5.33.8a.

utaivādya	purukṛt sāsy ukthyaḥ # RV.2.13.8d.

ud	rāyo aśyāṃ sadanaṃ purukṣoḥ # RV.3.54.21d; KS.13.15d.

uruka	urukasya te vācā vayaṃ saṃ bhaktena gamemahy agne gṛhapate # MS.1.5.4: 72.1. P: urukaḥ MS.1.5.11: 80.13. See uruga.

uruga	urugasya te vācā vayaṃ saṃ bhaktena gamemahi # Apś.6.19.1. See uruka.

urvyā	urukṣitaḥ # AVP.4.21.7a.

uṣāś	ca tasmai nimruk ca # TB.3.7.6.23c; TA.2.5.2c; Apś.4.15.1c.

ṛtāvā	sa rohidaśvaḥ purukṣuḥ # RV.10.7.4c.

etāni	vai trīṇi trikadrukāṇi yad ṛcaḥ sāmāni yajūṃṣi brāhmaṇam # AVP.9.21.3.

emaṃ	panthām arukṣāma # AVś.14.2.8a; AVP.2.31.4a. P: emaṃ panthām Kauś.77.2. See sugaṃ panthām.

evā	daha mitramaho yo asmadhruk # RV.8.60.7c.

kanyā	bhūtvā sragviṇī rukmaṇī dṛśe # AVP.7.9.6d.

gṛṇānaḥ	śatrūṃr aśṛṇād virukmatā # RV.10.138.4d.

gohya	upagohyo marūko (PG. mayūkho) manohāḥ # SMB.1.7.1b; PG.2.6.10b. Cf. gṛhyo.

cittiḥ	(TA. citti) sruk # MS.1.9.1: 131.1; TA.3.1.1; śś.10.14.4; Mś.5.2.14.1. Designated as caturhotāraḥ: see Pet. Lex., s.v.

jano	yo mitrāvaruṇāv abhidruk # RV.1.122.9a.

tat	te rukmo na rocata svadhāvaḥ # RV.4.10.6d; TS.2.2.12.7d; MS.4.12.4d: 190.5.

tanūṣu	śubhrā dadhire virukmataḥ # RV.1.85.3b.

taṃ	tvā gīrbhir urukṣayāḥ # RV.10.118.9a.

tan	nas turīpam adbhutam (AVś.AVP.KS. adbhutaṃ purukṣu) # RV.1.142.10a; AVś.5.27.10a; AVP.9.1.9a; VS.27.20a; TS.4.1.8.3a; MS.2.12.6a: 150.16; KS.18.17a; N.6.21a.

taṃ	no agne maghavadbhyaḥ purukṣum # RV.7.5.9a.

tapurjambha	yo asmadhruk # RV.1.36.16b.

tā	asmabhyaṃ puruvāraṃ purukṣum # MS.4.14.1c: 215.4. See tāv etc.

tāṃs	te aśyāma purukṛt purukṣo # RV.9.91.5d.

tāv	asmabhyaṃ puruvāraṃ purukṣum # RV.2.40.4c; TB.2.8.1.5c. See tā etc.

tuvijātā	urukṣayā # RV.1.2.9b; SV.2.199b.

trikadrukeṣu	mahiṣo yavāśiraṃ tuviśuṣmaḥ # RV.2.22.1a; AVś.20.95.1a; SV.1.457a; 2.836a; KB.27.2; śś.15.2.1; TB.2.5.8.9a. Ps: trikadrukeṣu mahiṣo yavāśiram AB.4.3.5; JB.2.412; ā.5.1.1.7; Aś.6.2.6; 8.12.16; 10.10.4; trikadrukeṣu mahiṣaḥ śś.12.4.23; Vait.34.19; trikadrukeṣu Svidh.1.7.2. Designated as trikadrukīyā (sc. ṛk) śś.10.13.7.

tribhiḥ	kāṇḍais trīn svargān arukṣat # AVś.12.3.42d.

tvaṃ	hotā mandratamo no adhruk # RV.6.11.2a.

tvayā	juṣṭā juṣamāṇā (TA. var. lect. nudamānā) duruktān (var. lect. duruktāt) # TA.10.39.1c; MahānU.16.4c.

tvaṣṭā	suvīryaṃ rāyaspoṣam # AVP.9.1.9b. See under purukṣu tvaṣṭā.

dātāro	bhūta nṛvataḥ purukṣoḥ # RV.6.50.11b.

diva	ugro avārukṣat (AVP. -kṣaḥ) # AVP.14.3.2a; NīlarU.2a.

divye	yoṣaṇe bṛhatī surukme # RV.10.110.6c; AVś.5.12.6c; VS.29.31c; MS.4.13.3c: 202.6; KS.16.20c; TB.3.6.3.3c; N.8.11c.

duvas	tve kṛṇavate yatasruk # RV.4.2.9b.

deva	tvaṣṭā rāyaspoṣam # AVś.5.27.10b. See under purukṣu tvaṣṭā.

devānāṃ	devaṃ yajataḥ surukme # VS.20.41d; MS.3.11.1d: 140.7; KS.38.6d; TB.2.6.8.3d.

dyauḥ	pitaḥ pṛthivi mātar adhruk # MS.4.14.11a: 232.11; TB.2.8.6.5a. See dyauṣ etc.

dyauṣ	pitaḥ pṛthivi mātar adhruk # RV.6.51.5a. See dyauḥ etc.

dhruve	pade tasthatur jāgarūke # RV.3.54.7b.

na	duruktāya spṛhayet # RV.1.41.9c; N.3.16c.

pibendra	vajrin purukṛj juṣāṇaḥ # RV.10.179.3d; AVś.7.72.3d.

puruvīrasya	nṛvataḥ purukṣoḥ # RV.6.22.3b; AVś.20.36.3b.

puro	vajrin purukutsāya dardaḥ # RV.1.63.7b.

pauro	aśvasya purukṛd gavām asi # RV.8.61.6a; AVś.20.118.2a; SV.2.930a; JB.3.217a.

pratnāsa	āsuḥ purukṛt sakhāyaḥ # RV.6.21.5b.

pra	paurukutsaṃ trasadasyum āvaḥ # RV.7.19.3c; AVś.20.37.3c.

prādityaṃ	divyaṃ rukmam amukthāḥ # AVP.14.8.8d. See prati tvaṃ divyās.

babhruś	ca babhrukarṇaś ca # AVś.5.23.4c; 6.16.3c; AVP.7.2.4c; NīlarU.22a.

bibhran	niṣkaṃ ca rukmaṃ ca # ApMB.2.16.3a,6a (ApG.7.18.1); HG.2.7.2d.

bṛhad	vayo dadhire rukmavakṣasaḥ # RV.5.55.1b.

bhartā	yo vajraṃ naryaṃ purukṣuḥ # RV.10.74.5d.

bhavas	tvā abhy arukṣat # AVP.9.11.2a.

martaś	cid vo nṛtavo rukmavakṣasaḥ # RV.8.20.22a.

mahāvṛkṣāḥ	śikhaṇḍinaḥ # AVś.4.37.4b. See mahārukmāḥ.

mitajñubhiḥ	purukṛtvā jigāya # RV.6.32.3b.

mūlam	urvārvā iva # AVś.6.14.2d. Cf. urvārukam.

yad	ejathā maruto rukmavakṣasaḥ # AVś.6.22.2b.

yad	yuñjate maruto rukmavakṣasaḥ # RV.2.34.8a.

yam	aśvattho adhyarukṣat # AVP.1.79.2a.

yas	taṃnāsūrukṣu sa janāsa indraḥ # AVP.12.15.2d. Cf. yasminn amūrchat.

yas	tvām agna inadhate yatasruk # RV.4.12.1a.

yasminn	amūrchat sa janāsa indraḥ # AVś.20.34.12d. Cf. yas taṃnāsūrukṣu.

yā	duritā paribādhamānā # HG.1.4.4a. See iyaṃ duruktāt.

yābhiḥ	pṛśniguṃ purukutsam āvatam # RV.1.112.7c.

yūne	vṛtraṃ purukutsāya randhīḥ # RV.1.174.2d.

yūpo	hy arukṣad dviṣatāṃ vadhāya # Kauś.125.2a.

Dictionary of Sanskrit Search

"ruk" has 52 results

ruk	augment र् added optionally with रिक् to the reduplicative syllable; (see रिक् a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.); e.gचर्कर्ति, नर्नर्त्ति; cf P. VII. 4. 91, 92 as also VII. 4.65.

krukan	kṛt affix रुक; e.g, भीरुकः; confer, compare(भियः) क्रुकन्नपि वक्तव्यः P.III.2.174 Vārttika.

trirukta	repeated thrice, occurring thrice; a term used in the PratiSakhya works in respect of a word which is repeated in the krama and other artificial recitations.

dvirukti	repetition of a word, or of a letter or of a root. See द्वित्व.

nirukta	name of a class of works which were composed to explain the collections of Vedic words by means of proposing derivations of those words from roots as would suit the sense. The Nirukta works are looked upon as supplementary to grammar works and there must have been a good many works of this kind in ancient times as shown by references to the writers of these viz. Upamanyu, Sakatayana,Sakapuni,Sakapurti and others, but, out of them only one work composed by Yaska has survived; the word, hence has been applied by scholars to the Nirukta of Yaska which is believed to have been written in the seventh or the eighth century B. C. i. e. a century or two before Panini. The Nirukta works were looked upon as subsidiary to the study of the Vedas along with works on phonetics ( शिक्षा ), rituals ( कल्प ), grammar (व्याकरण) prosody (छन्दस्) and astronomy(ज्योतिष)and a mention of them is found made in the Chandogyopanisad. As many of the derivations in the Nirukta appear to be forced and fanciful, it is doubtful whether the Nirukta works could be called scientific treatises. The work of Yaska, however, has got its own importance and place among works subsidiary to the Veda, being a very old work of that kind and quoted by later commentators. There were some glosses and commentary works written upon Yaska's Nirukta out of which the one by Durgacarya is a scholarly one.It is doubtful whether Durgacarya is the same as Durgasimha, who wrote a Vrtti or gloss on the Katantra Vyakarana. The word निरुक्त is found in the Pratisakhya works in the sense of 'explained' and not in the sense of derived; confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XV 6; V.Pr. IV. 19, 195.

niruktabhāṣya	a gloss on Yaska's Nirukta written by a modern scholar of grammar named Ugracarya in the eighteenth century A. D.

nairukta(1)	obtained by derivation, etymological; (2) etymologist, writer of a Nirukta work.

punarukta	a passage which is repeated in the क्रमपाठ and the other Pāțhas or recitals; the word is also used in the sense of the conventional repetition of a word at the end of a chapter. The word पुनर्वचन is used also in the same sense; confer, compare यथोक्तं पुनरुक्तं त्रिपदप्रभृति त्रिपदप्रभृति । T.Pr.I.6l: confer, compare also Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) X.8 and 10.

rukman	the primary Yama letter; a term used in the Śikșā treatises.

avyutpattipakṣa	the view held generally by grammarians that all words are not necessarily susceptible to analysis or derivation, an alternative view opposed to the view of the etymologists or Nairuktas that every word is derivable; confer, compare पाणिनेस्त्वव्युत्पत्तिपक्ष एवेति शब्देन्दुशेखरे निरूपितम् Pari. Śekh. Pari. 22; वाचक उपादान: स्वरूपवानिति अव्युत्पत्तिपक्षे Vyāḍi's Saṁgraha.

as	affix अस mentioned in the Nirukta in the word अवस ( अव् + अस ) confer, compare असो नामकरणः । तस्मान्नावगृह्णन्ति NirI.17.

aākhyāta	verbal form, verb; confer, compare भावप्रधानमाख्यातं सत्त्वप्रधानानि नामानि Nirukta of Yāska.I.1; चत्वारि पदजातानि नामाख्यातोपसर्गनिपाताश्च Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). I.1. Āhnika 1 ; also A.Prāt. XII. 5, अाकार अाख्याते पदादिश्च Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). I.2.37 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2, आख्यातमाख्यातेन क्रियासातत्ये Sid. Kau. on II.1.72, क्रियावाचकमाख्यातं Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.V.1; confer, compare भारद्वाजकमाख्यातं भार्गवं नाम भाष्यते । भारद्वाजेन दृष्टत्वादाख्यातं भारद्वाजगोत्रम् V. Prāt. VIII. 52; confer, compare also Athar. Prāt.I.I.12, 18; 1.3.3,6; II.2.5 where ākhyāta means verbal form. The word also meant in ancient days the root also,as differentiated from a verb or a verbal form as is shown by the lines तन्नाम येनाभिदधाति सत्त्वं, तदाख्यातं येन भावं स धातुः R.Pr.XII.5 where 'आख्यात' and 'धातु' are used as synonyms As the root form such as कृ, भृ et cetera, and others as distinct from the verbal form, is never found in actual use, it is immaterial whether the word means root or verb.In the passages quoted a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. from the Nirukta and the Mahābhāṣya referring to the four kinds of words, the word ākhyāta could be taken to mean root (धातु) or verb (क्रियापद). The ākhyāta or verb is chiefly concerned with the process of being and bccoming while nouns (नामानि) have sattva or essence, or static element as their meaning. Verbs and nouns are concerned not merely with the activities and things in this world but with every process and entity; confer, compare पूर्वापूरीभूतं भावमाख्यातेनाचष्टे Nir.I.;अस्तिभवतिविद्यतीनामर्थः सत्ता । अनेककालस्थायिनीति कालगतपौर्वापर्येण क्रमवतीति तस्याः क्रियात्वम् । Laghumañjūṣā. When a kṛt (affix). affix is added to a root, the static element predominates and hence a word ending with a kṛt (affix). affix in the sense of bhāva or verbal activity is treated as a noun and regularly declined;confer, compareकृदभिहितो भावे द्रव्यवद् भवति M.Bh. on II.2.19 and III. 1.67, where the words गति, व्रज्या, पाक and others are given as instances. Regarding indeclinable words ending with kṛt (affix). affixes such as कर्तुं, कृत्वा, and others, the modern grammarians hold that in their case the verbal activity is not shadowed by the static element and hence they can be,in a way, looked upon as ākhyātas; confer, compare अव्ययकृतो भावे Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇa.

aāgantuka	literally adventitious, an additional wording generally at the end of roots to show distinctly their form exempli gratia, for example वदि, एधि, सर्ति et cetera, and others; confer, compare इन्धिभवतिभ्यां च P I.2.6: confer, compare also भावलक्षणे स्थेण्कृञ्वदिचरिहृतभिजनिभ्यस्तोमुन्, P.III.4.16, सृपिवृदो. कसुन् P. III.4.17 and a number of other sūtras where इ or तिं is added to the root confer, compare इक्श्तिपौ धातुनिर्देशे, वर्णात्कारः, रादिफः P.III.3.108 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2.3. 4, where such appendages to be added to the roots or letters are given. The word अागन्तु is an old word used in the Nirukta, but the term आगन्तुक appears to be used for the first time for such forms by Haradatta; confer, compare ह्वरोरिति ह्वृ कौटिल्ये, आगन्तुकेकारे गुणेन निर्देशः Padamañjarī, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Haradatta. on VII.2.31. In the traditional oral explanations the second part of a reduplicated word is termed अागन्तुक which is placed second i. e. after the original by virtue of the convention आगन्तूनामन्ते निवेशः, although in fact, it is said to possess the sense of the root in contrast with the first which is called abhyāsa.A nice distinction can, however be drawn between the four kinds of adventitious wordings found in grammar viz.आगन्तु, इत्, अभ्यास and आगम which can be briefly stated as follows; The former two do not form a regular part of the word and are not found in the actual use of the word; besides, they do not possess any sense, while the latter two are found in actual use and they are possessed of sense. Again the agantu word is simply used for facility of understanding exactly and correctly the previous word which is really wanted; the इत् wording, besides serving this purpose, is of use in causing some grammatical operations. अभ्यास, is the first part of the wording which is wholly repeated and it possesses no sense by itself, while, āgama which is added to the word either at the beginning or at the end or inserted in the middle, forms a part of the word and possesses the sense of the word.

aāgrāyaṇa	an ancient scholar of Nirukta quoted by Yāska confer, compare अक्षि अष्टेः । अनक्तेरिति आग्रायणः Nirukta of Yāska.I.9.

ugrabhūti	or उग्राचार्य writer of a gloss on the Nirukta, called Niruktabhāṣya believed to have lived in the 18th century A. D; writer also of a grammatical work Śiṣyahitāvṛtti or Śiṣyahitānyāsa, which was sent to kāshmir and made popular with a large sum of money spent upon it, by his pupil Ānanadpāla.

upajana	literallyorigin; one that originates, augment, उपजायते असौ उपजन: । The word is used in the sense of 'additional phonetic element'; confer, compare उपजन आगमः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Śivasūtra 5; confer, compare also वर्णव्यत्ययापायोपजनविकारेष्वर्थदर्शनात् । Māheśvarasūtras. 5 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 15. The Ṛk Prātiśākhya gives स् in पुरुश्चन्द्र as an instance ofeminine. उपजन confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) IV. 37. In the Nirukta उपजन is given as the sense of the prefix 'उप'; confer, compare उपेत्युपजनम्: The commentary on the Nirukta explains the word उपजन as अाधिक्य.

upamanyu(1)	the famous commentator on the grammatical verses attributed to Nandikeśvarakārikā. which are known by the name नन्दिकेश्वरकारिका and which form a kind of a commentary on the sūtras of Maheśvara; (2) a comparatively modern grammarian possibly belonging to the nineteenth century who is also named Nandikeśvarakārikā.kārikābhāṣya by Upamanyu.and who has written a commentory on the famous Kāśikāvṛtti by Jayāditya and Vāmana. Some believe that Upa-manyu was an ancient sage who wrote a nirukta or etymological work and whose pupil came to be known as औपमन्यव.

upamā	a well-known term in Rhetorics meaning the figure of speech ' simile ' or ' comparison '. The word is often found in the Nirukta in the same sense; confer, compare अथात उपमाः \| 'यत् अतत् तत्सदृशम्'इति गार्ग्यः । Nir III.13. Generally an inferior thing is compared to another that is superior in quality.

ekavacana	singular number; affix of the singular numberin Pāṇini's grammar applied to noun-bases ( प्रातिपदिक) and roots when the sense of the singular number is to be conveyed; the singular sense can be of the form of an individual or collection or genus. The word एकवचन in the technical sense of singular number is found used in the Prātiśākhyas and Nirukta also.

aaudumvarāyaṇa	an ancient sage whose doctrine of 'evanescence of words' (literally existence as long as its cognition is had by the sense organs) is seen quoted in the Nirukta; confer, compare इन्द्रियनित्यं वचनमौदुम्बरायणस्तत्र चतुष्टयं नोपपद्यते Nirukta of Yāska.I.1.

aupamanyava	name of an ancient etymologist referred to by Yaska in his Nirukta possibly as a commentator on निघण्टु; confer, compare निगन्तव एव सन्तो निगमनान्निघण्टव उच्यन्यन्ते इत्यौपमन्यवः Nirukta of Yāska.I.1. line 4.

kātthakya	an ancient writer of Nirukta quoted by Yāska in his Nirukta.

kārmanāmika	the word is found used in Yāska's Nirukta as an adjective to the word संस्कार where it means belonging to nouns derived fromroofs (कर्मनाम)"like पाचक,कर्षक et cetera, and othersThe changes undergone by the roots in the formation of such words i. e. words showing action are termed कार्मनामिकसंस्कार; confer, compare कर्मकृतं नाम कर्मनाम। तस्मिन् भवः कार्मनामिकः Durgavṛtti on Nirukta of Yāska.I.13. कार्य(l) brought.into existence by activity (क्रियया निर्वृत्तं कार्यम् ) as oppo- sed to नित्य eternal; confer, compare एके वर्णाञ् शाश्वतिकान् न कार्यान् R.Pr. XIII.4 confer, compare also ननु च यस्यापि कार्याः ( शब्दाः ) तस्यापि पूजार्थम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.44 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 17;(2) which should be done, used in connection with a grammatical operation: confer, compare कार्य एत्वे सयमीकारमाहुः ।\| अभैष्म इत्येतस्य स्थाने अभयीष्मेति । R.Pr. XIV.16; confer, compare also विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् P. I.4.2; (3) a grammatical opera- tion as for instance in the phrases द्विकार्ययोगे, त्रिकार्ययोगे et cetera, and others; confer, compare also गौणमुख्ययोर्मुख्ये कार्यसंप्रत्ययः Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 15;(4) object of a transitive verb: confer, compare शेषः कार्ये Śāk.

kṛt	literally activity; a term used in the grammars of Pāṇini and others for affixes applied to roots to form verbal derivatives; confer, compare कृदतिङ् । धातोः ( ३ ।१।९१ ) इत्यधिकारे तिङ्कवर्जितः प्रत्ययः कृत् स्यात् । Kāś. on III.1.93, The kṛt affixes are given exhaustively by Pāṇini in Sūtras III.1.91 to III.4. I17. कृत् and तद्धित appear to be the ancient Pre-Pāṇinian terms used in the Nirukta and the Prātiśākhya works in the respective senses of root-born and noun-born words ( कृदन्त and तद्धितान्त according to Pāṇini's terminology), and not in the sense of mere affixes; confer, compare सन्त्यल्पप्रयोगाः कृतोप्यैकपदिकाः Nirukta of Yāska.I.14: अथापि भाषिकेभ्यो धातुभ्यो नैगमाः कृतो भाष्यन्ते Nirukta of Yāska.II.2; तिङ्कृत्तद्धितसमासा: शब्दमयम् V.Pr. I.27; also confer, compare V.Pr. VI.4. Patañjali and later grammarians have used the word कृत् in the sense of कृदन्त; confer, compare गतिकारकोपपदानां कृद्भिः सह समासवचनं प्राक् सुबुत्पत्तेः Pari Śek.Pari.75. The kṛt affixes are given by Pāṇini in the senses of the different Kārakas अपादान, संप्रदान, करण, अाधकरण, कर्म and कर्तृ, stating in general terms that if no other sense is assigned to a kṛt affix it should be understood that कर्ता or the agent of the verbal activity is the sense; confer, compare कर्तरि कृत् । येष्वर्थनिर्देशो नास्ति तत्रेदमुपतिष्ठते Kāś. on III.4.67. The activity element possessed by the root lies generally dormant in the verbal derivative nouns; confer, compare कृदभिहितो भावो द्रव्यवद्भवति, क्रियावदपि । M.Bh.on V.4.19 and VI. 2.139

kṣīrasvāmin	a grammarian of Kashmir of the 8th century who wrote the famous commentary क्षीरतरङ्गिणी on the Amarakośa and a commentary on the Nirukta of Yāska.

gārgya	an ancient reputed grammarian and possibly a writer of a Nirukta work, whose views, especially in.connection with accents are given in the Pratisakhya works, the Nirukta and Panini's Astadhyayi. Although belonging to the Nirukta school, he upheld the view of the Vaiyakaranas that all words cannot be derived, but only some of them: cf Nirukta of Yāska.I. 12.3. cf, also Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.IV. 167, Nirukta of Yāska.I. 3.5, III. 14.22: Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I. 13; XIII. 12: P. VII. 3.99, VIII. 3.20, VIII. 4.69.

gālava	an ancient grammarian and niruktakara quoted by Panini; confer, compare P. VI 3.60, VII. I.74, VII. 3,99, VIII. 4.67, confer, compare also Nirukta of Yāska.IV. 3.

guṇa(1)	degree of a vowel; vocalic degree, the second out of the three degrees of a vowel viz. primary degree, guna degree and vrddhi degree exempli gratia, for example इ, ए and ऐ or उ, ओ and औ. अ is given as a guna of अ; but regarding अ also,three degrees can be stated अ, अ and आ. In the Pratisakhya and Nirukta ए is called गुण or even गुणागम but no definiti6n is given ; confer, compare गुणागमादेतनभावि चेतन R.Pr.XI.6;शेवम् इति विभीषितगुणः। शेवमित्यपि भवति Nir.X.17: (2) the properties of phonetic elements or letters such as श्वास,नाद et cetera, and others: confer, compareṚgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) Ch.XIII : (3) secondary, subordinate;confer, compare शेषः,अङ्गं, गुणः इति समानार्थाः Durgācārya's commentary on the Nirukta.on Nirukta of Yāska.I.12: (4) properties residing in a substance just as whiteness, et cetera, and others in a garment which are different from the substance ( द्रव्य ). The word गुण is explained by quotations from ancient grammarians in the Maha bhasya as सत्वे निविशतेsपैति पृथग्जातिषु दृश्यते । अाघेयश्चाक्रियाजश्च सोSसत्त्वप्रकृतिर्गुणः ॥ अपर आह । उपैत्यन्यज्जहात्यन्यद् दृष्टो द्रव्यान्तरेष्वपि। वाचकः सर्वलिङ्गानां द्रव्यादन्यो गुणः स्मृतः ; Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on IV.1.44;cf also शब्दस्पर्शरूपरसगन्धा गुणास्ततोन्यद् द्रव्यम् ,M.Bh.on V.1.119 (5) properties of letters like उदात्तत्व, अनुदात्तत्व, स्वरितत्व, ह्र्स्वत्व, दीर्घत्व, प्लुतत्व, अानुनासिक्य et cetera, and others; confer, compare भेदकत्वाद् गुणस्य । आनुनासिक्यं नाम गुणः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.1.. Vart, 13: (6) determinant cf भवति बहुव्रीहौ तद्गुणसंविज्ञानमपि Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I. 1.27; (7) technical term in Panini's grarnmar standing for the vowels अ, ए and ओ, confer, compare अदेङ्गुणः P.I.1.2. For the various shades of the meaning of the word गुण, see Mahabhasya on V.1.119. " गुणशब्दोयं बह्वर्थः । अस्त्येव समेष्ववयवेषु वर्तते ।...... चर्चागुणांश्च ।

carmaśiras	name of a Nirukta writer quoted by Yaska; confer, compare Nir.III.15.

taddhita	a term of the ancient prePaninian grammarians used by Panini just like सर्वनामन् or अव्यय without giving any specific definition of it. The term occurs in the Nirukta of Yaska and the Vajasaneyi-Pratisakhya ; confer, compare अथ तद्वितसमासेषु एकपर्वसु चानेकपर्वसु पूर्वे पूर्वमपरमपरं प्रविभज्य निर्ब्रूयात् । द्ण्डय्ः पुरुषः । दण्डमर्हतीति वा, दण्डेन संपद्यते इति वा Nirukta of Yāska.II.2; also confer, compare तिङ्कृत्तद्धितचतुथ्यसमासाः इाब्दमयम् Vaj Prati.I. 27. It is to be noted that the word तद्वित is used by the ancient grammarians in the sense of a word derived from a substantive ( प्रातिपादक ) by the application of suffixes like अ, यत् et cetera, and others, and not in the sense of words derived from roots by affixes like अन, ति et cetera, and others which were termed नामकरण, as possibly contrasted with the word ताद्धित used by Yaska in II. 5. Panini has used the word तद्धित not for words, but for the suffixes which are added to form such words at all places (e. g. in I. 1.38, IV.1.17, 76, VI.1.61 et cetera, and others). in fact, he has begun the enumeration of taddhita affixes with the rule तद्धिता: (P.IV.1. 76) by putting the term तद्धित for affixes such as ति, ष्यङ्, अण् et cetera, and others which are mentioned thereafter. In his rule कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and in the Varttika समासकृत्तद्धिताव्यय(I.4.1Vart. 41) which are similar to V.Pr.1. 27 quoted a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. the word तद्धित appears to be actually used for words derived from nouns by secondary affixes, along with the word कृत् which also means words derived from roots, although commentators have explained there the terms कृत् and तद्धित for कृदन्त and तद्धितान्त. The term तद्वित is evidently echoed in the Sutra तस्मै हितम् which, although it is not the first Sutra there were possibly long lists of secondary nouns with the senses of secondary suffixes, and तद्धित was perhaps,the first sense given there. The number of taddhita suffixes mentioned by Panini is quite a large one; there are in fact 1110 rules given in the taddhita section covering almost two Adhyayas viz. from P. IV. 1.76 to the end of the fifth Adhyaya. The main sub-divisions of taddhita affixes mentioned by commentators are, Apatyadyarthaka (IV. 1.92 to 178), Raktadyarthaka (IV.2.1 to 91), Saisika {IV.2. 92 to IV.3.133), Pragdivyatiya (IV. 3 134 to 168), Pragvahatiya (IV.4.1 to IV.4.74), Pragghitiya (IV.4.75 to IV.4.109), Arhiya (V.1.1 to 71),Thanadhikarastha (V. 1.72 to V. 1.1.114), Bhavakarmarthaka (V. 1.115 to V.1.136), Pancamika (V. 2.1 to V. 2.93), Matvarthiya (V. 2.94 to V. 2. 140), Vibhaktisamjaaka (V. 3.1 to V. 3.26) and Svarthika (V. 3.27 to V. 4.160). The samasanta affixes (V.4.68 to V.4.160) can be included in the Svarthika affixes.

durgasiṃha	the famous commentator of the Katantra sutras, whose Vrtti on the sutras is the most popular one. It is called , कातन्त्रसूत्रवृत्ति or कातन्तवृत्ति or दौर्गसिंहीवृत्ति , also. A work on Paribhasas named परिभाषावृति, in which Paribhasas are explained and established as based on the Katantra Vyakarana sutras, is attributed to Durgasimha. It is doubtful whether this commentator Durgasimha is the same as Durgacarya, the famous commentator of Yaska's Nirukta. There is a legend that Durgasimha was the brother of Vikramaditya, the founder of the Vikrama Era. Besides the gloss on the Katantra sutras, some grammar works such as a gloss on the unadi sutras, a gloss ( वृत्ति ) on Kalapa-Vyakarana Sutras, a commentary on Karakas named षट्कारकरत्न, Namalinganusasana and Paribhasavrtti are ascribed to Durgasimha. Some scholars believe that the term अमरसिंह was only a title given to Durgasimha for his profound scholarship, and it was Durgasimha who was the author of the well-known work Amarakosa.

dhātu	a root; the basic word of a verbal form,defined by the Bhasyakara as क्रियावचनो धातुः or even as भाववचने धातु:, a word denoting a verbal activity. Panini has not defined the term as such, but he has given a long list of roots under ten groups, named dasagani, which includes about 2200 roots which can be called primary roots as contrasted with secondary roots. The secondary roots can be divided into two main groups ( l ) roots derived from roots ( धातुजधातवः ) and (2) roots derived from nouns ( नामधातवः ). The roots derived from roots can further be classified into three main subdivisions : (a) causative roots or णिजन्त, (b) desiderative roots or सन्नन्त, (c) intensive roots or यङन्त and यङ्लुगन्त: while roots derived from nouns or denominative roots can further be divided into क्यजन्त, काम्यजन्त, क्यङन्त, क्यषन्त, णिङन्त, क्विबन्त and the miscellaneous ones ( प्रकीर्ण ) as derived from nouns like कण्डू( कण्ड्वादि ) by the application of the affix यक् or from nouns like सत्य,वेद, पाश, मुण्ड,मिश्र, et cetera, and others by the application of the affix णिच्. Besides these, there are a few roots formed by the application of the affix अाय and ईय (ईयङ्). All these roots can further be classified into Parasmaipadin or Parasmaibhasa, Atmanepadin or Atmanebhasa and Ubhayapadin. Roots possessed of a mute grave ( अनुदात्त ) vowel or of the mute consonant ङ् added to the root in the Dhatupatha or ending in the affixes यड्, क्यङ् et cetera, and others as also roots in the passive voice are termed Atmanepadin: while roots ending with the affix णिच् as also roots possessed of a mute circumflex vowel or a mute consonant ञ़़् applied to them are termed Ubhayapadin. All the rest are termed Parasmaipadin. There are some other mute letters or syllables applied by Panini to the roots in his Dhatupatha for specific purposes; exempli gratia, for example ए at the end to signify prohibition of vrddhi to the penultimate अ in the aorist, exempli gratia, for example अकखीत् confer, compare P. VII.2.5; इर् to signify the optional substitution of अ or अङ् for the affix च्लि of the aorist, exempli gratia, for example अभिदत्, अभैत्सीत् ; confer, compare P.III. 1.57; उ to signify the optional application of the augment इ ( इट् ) before क्त्वा exempli gratia, for example शमित्वा, शान्त्वा; confer, compare P.VII. 2. 56; ऊ to signify the optional application of the augment इ ( इट् ) exempli gratia, for example गोप्ता, गेीपिता, confer, compare P.VII.2.44; अा to signify the prohibition of the augment इट् in the case of the past passive voice. participle. exempli gratia, for example क्ष्विण्णः, स्विन्नः, confer, compare P. VII.2.16; इ to signify the addition of a nasal after the last vowel e. g. निन्दति from निदि, confer, compare P. VII.1.58: ऋ to signify the prohibition of ह्रस्व to the penultimate long vowel before णिच्, e. g. अशशासत्, confer, compare P.VII. 4.2;लृ to signify the substitution of अङ् for च्लि in the aorist, exempli gratia, for example अगमत् confer, compare P. III.1.55: ओ to signify the substitution of न् for त् of the past passive voice.participle. exempli gratia, for example लग्नः, अापीनः, सूनः, दून: et cetera, and others; confer, compare P. VIII. 2.45. Besides these,the mute syllables ञि, टु and डु are prefixed for specific purposes; confer, compare P. III.2.187, III.3.89 and III. 3.88. The term धातु is a sufficiently old one which is taken by Panini from ancient grammarians and which is found used in the Nirukta and the Pratisakhya works, signifying the 'elemental (radical)base' for nouns which are all derivable from roots according to the writers of the Nirukta works and the grammarian Siktaayana; confer, compare नाम च धातुजमाह निरुक्ते व्याकरणे शकटस्य च तोकम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. III.3.1. Some scholars have divided roots into six categories; confer, compare तत्र धातवः षोढा (a) परिपठिताः भूवादयः, (b) अपरिपठता अान्दोलयत्यादयः, (c) परिपठितापरिपठिताः ( सूत्रपठिताः ) स्कुस्कम्भस्तम्भेत्यादयः, (d) प्रत्ययधातवः सनाद्यन्ताः, (e) नामघातवः कण्ड्वादयः, (f) प्रत्ययनामधातवः होडगल्भक्ली. बप्रभृतयः; cf Sringara Prak. I. For details see M.Bh. on P.I.3.I as also pp 255, 256 Vol. VII Vyakarana-Mahabhasya published by the D.E. Society, Poona.

nāman	noun, substantive; one of the four categories of words given in the Nirukta and other ancient grammer works; confer, compare चत्वारि पदजातानि नामाख्याते चोपसर्गनिपाताश्च, Nirukta of Yāska.I.1. The word is defined as सत्त्वप्रधानानि नामानि by standard grammarians; confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska.I. 1.; confer, compare also सत्त्वाभिधायकं नाम, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XIII.8; Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.VIII. 49 and commentary thereon. Panini divides words into two categories only, viz. सुबन्त and तिङन्त and includes नामन् ,उपसर्ग and निपात under सुबन्त. The Srngarapraksa defines नामन् as follows-अनपेक्षितशब्दव्युत्पत्तीनि सत्त्वभूतार्थाभिधायीनि नामानि। तानि द्विविधानि। आविष्टलिङ्गानि अनाविष्टलिङ्गानि च । The word नामन् at the end of a sasthitatpurusa compound signifies a name or Samjna e. g. सर्वनामन्, दिङ्नामन् , छन्दोनामन्; confer, compare also. Bhasavrtti on संज्ञायां कन्थोशीनरेषु P. II.4. 20 and संज्ञायां भृत्. P. III. 2.46 where the author of the work explains the word संज्ञायां as नाम्नि. The word is used in the sense of 'a collection of words' in the Nirukta, confer, compare अन्तरिक्षनामानि, अपत्यनामानि, ईश्वरनामानि, उदकनामानि, et cetera, and others

nighaṇṭu	a name given to a collection of words which are mainly Vedic. In ancient times such collections were possibly very general and numerous and the works or treatises on derivation such as the Nirukta of Yaska were based upon them; confer, compare निघण्टवः कस्मात् । निगमा इमे भवन्ति । छन्दोभ्यः समाहृत्य समाहृत्य समाम्नातास्ते निगन्तव एव सन्तो निगमनान्निघण्टव उच्यन्ते इत्यौपमन्यवः । अपि वा आहननादेव स्युः \| समाहता भवन्ति । यद्वा समाहृता भवन्ति (Nir.I.1) where the word is derived from गम्,or हन् or हृ. The word निघण्टु is taken as synonymous with निगम by Durgacarya.

nipāta	a particle which possesses no gender and number, and the case termination after which is dropped or elidedition Nipata is given as one of the four categories of words viz नामन्, आख्यात, उपसर्ग and निपात by all the ancient writers of Pratisakhya, Vyakarana and Nirukta works;confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska.I. 4, M.Bh. on I. 1. Ahnika l, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XII. 8 et cetera, and others The word is derived from the root पत् with नि by Yaska who has mentioned three subdivisions of Niptas उपमार्थे, कर्मोपसंग्रहार्थे and पदपूरणे; confer, compare अथ निपाताः । उच्चावचेष्वर्थेषु निपतन्ति । अप्युपमार्थे । अपि कर्मोपसंग्रह्यार्थे । अपि पदपूरणाः । Nirukta of Yāska.I. 4. The Nipatas are looked upon as possessed of no sense; confer, compare निपातः पादपूरणः Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XII. 8, Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.VIII. 50, ( commentary by Uvvata ). Panini has not given any definition of the word निपात, but he has enumerated them as forming a class with च at their head in the rule चादयोऽसत्वे where the word असत्वे conveys an impression that they possess no sense, the sense being of two kinds सत्त्व and भाव, and the Nipatas not possesssing any one of the two. The impression is made rather firm by the statement of the Varttikakra'निपातस्यानर्थकस्य प्रातिपदिकत्वम्' P. I. 2. 45 Vart. 12. Thus, the question whether the Nipatas possess any sense by themselves or not, becomes a difficult one to be answeredition Although the Rkpratisakhya in XII.8 lays down that the Nipatas are expletive, still in the next verse it says that some of them do possess sense; confer, compare निपातानामर्थवशान्निपातनादनर्थकानामितरे च सार्थकाः on which Uvvata remarks केचन निपाताः सार्थकाः, केचन निरर्थकाः । The remark of Uvvata appears to be a sound one as based on actual observation, and the conflicting views have to be reconciledition This is done by Bhartrhari who lays down that Nipatas never directly convey the sense but they indicate the sense. Regarding the sense indicated by the Nipatas, it is said that the sense is never Sattva or Dravya or substance as remarked by Panini; it is a certain kind of relation and that too, is not directly expressed by them but it is indicatedition Bhoja in his Srngaraprakasa gives a very comprehensive definition of Nipata as:-जात्यादिप्रवृत्तिनिमित्तानुपग्राहित्वेनासत्त्वभूतार्थाभिधायिनः अलिङ्गसंख्याशक्तय उच्चावचेष्वर्थेषु निपतन्तीत्यव्ययविशेषा एव चादयो निपाताः । He gives six varieties of them, viz. विध्यर्थ, अर्थवादार्थ, अनुवादार्थ, निषेधार्थ, विधिनिषेधार्थ and अविधिनिषेधार्थ, and mentions more than a thousand of them. For details see Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya II. 189-206.

nirvacana	interpretation by means of etymology as found in the Nirukta works; the act of fully uttering the meaning hidden in words that are partially or wholly unintelligible in respect of their derivation, by separating a word into its component letters; confer, compare निष्कृष्य विगृह्य निर्वचनम्, Durgavrtti on Nirukta of Yāska.II. 1.For details see Nirukta II.1.

naigama(1)	belonging to the Veda, Vedic as opposed to लौकिक or भाषिक; confer, compare नैघण्टुकानि नैगमानीहेह Nir.I. 20; (2) name given to Kāndas 4, 5 and 6 of the Nirukta of Yāska; confer, compare अनवगतसंस्कारा जहादयो यस्मिन्निगम्यन्ते तन्नैगमं Durga Vr. on Nir IV.1.

naighaṇṭuka	mentioned as secondary; literally निघण्टुकाण्डे वर्तमानानि पदानि; the term is applied to the first three Kāndas or sections of the Nirukta.

paṇḍita	writer of Citprabhā, a commentary on the Paribhāșenduśekhara. A commentary on the Laghuśabdenduśekhara is also ascribed to him. He was a Gauda Brāhmaņa whose native place was Kurukșetra. He lived in the beginning of the nineteenth century.

pada	a word; a unit forming a part of a sentence; a unit made up of a letter or of letters, possessed of sense; confer, compare अक्षरसमुदायः पदम् । अक्षरं वा । V.Pr. VIII. 46, 47. The word originally was applied to the individual words which constituted the Vedic Samhitā; confer, compare पदप्रकृतिः संहिता Nir.I.17. Accordingly, it is defined in the Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya as ' अर्थः पदम् ' (Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.III. 2) as contrasted with ' वर्णानामेकप्राणयोगः संहिता ' (V.Pr.I.158). The definition ' अर्थः पदम् ' is attributed to the ancient grammarian 'Indra', who is believed to have been the first Grammarian of India. Pāņini has defined the term पद as ' सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् ' P.I.4.14. His definition is applicable to complete noun-forms and verb-forms and also to prefixes and indeclinables where a case-affix is placed and elided according to him; confer, compare अव्ययादाप्सुपः P. II. 4. 82. The noun-bases before case affixes and taddhita affix. affixes, mentioned in rules upto the end of the fifth adhyāya, which begin with a consonant excepting य् are also termed पद by Pāņini to include parts of words before the case affixes भ्याम् , भिस्, सु et cetera, and others as also before the taddhita affix. affixes मत्, वत् et cetera, and others which are given as separate padas many times in the pada-pātha of the Vedas; confer, compare स्वादिष्वसर्वनामस्थाने P. I. 4. 17. See for details the word पदपाठ. There are given four kinds of padas or words viz. नाम, अाख्यात, उपसर्ग and निपात in the Nirukta and Prātiśākhya works; confer, compare also पदमर्थे प्रयुज्यते, विभक्त्यन्तं च पदम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I. 2. 64 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 19, वर्णसमुदायः पदम् M.Bh. on I.1.21 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 5, पूर्वपरयोरर्थोपलब्धौ पदम् Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra.I.1.20, पदशब्देनार्थ उच्यते Kaiyata on P.I.2.42 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2; confer, compare also पद्यते गम्यते अर्थः अनेनेति पदमित्यन्वर्थसंज्ञा Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. on P.III. 1.92. The verb endings or affixs ति, तस् and others are also called पद. The word पद in this sense is never used alone, but with the word परस्मै or अात्मने preceding it. The term परस्मैपद stands for the nine affixes तिप्, तस्, ...मस्,while the term आत्मनेपद stands for the nine affixes त, आताम् ... महिङ्. confer, compare ल: परमैपदम्, तङानावात्मनेपदम्. It is possible to say that in the terms परस्मैपद and अात्मनेपद also, the term पद could be taken to mean a word, and it is very likely that the words परस्मैपद and अात्मनेपद were originally used in the sense of 'words referring to something meant for another' and 'referring to something meant for self' respectively. Such words, of course, referred to verbal forms, roughly corresponding to the verbs in the active voice and verbs in the passive voice. There are some modern scholars of grammar, especially linguists, who like to translate परस्मैपद as 'active voice' and आत्मनेपद as ' passive voice'. Pāņini appears, however, to have adapted the sense of the terms परस्मैपद and आत्मनेपद and taken them to mean mere affixes just as he has done in the case of the terms कृत् and तद्धित. Presumably in ancient times, words current in use were grouped into four classes by the authors of the Nirukta works, viz. (a) कृत् (words derived from roots)such as कर्ता, कारकः, भवनम् et cetera, and others, (b) तद्धित (words derived from nouns ) such as गार्ग्यः , काषायम् , et cetera, and others, (c) Parasmaipada words viz. verbs such as भवति, पचति, and (d) Ātmanepada words id est, that is verbs like एधते, वर्धते, et cetera, and othersVerbs करोति and कुरुते or हरति and हरते were looked upon as both परस्मैपद words and आत्मनेपद words. The question of simple words, as they are called by the followers of Pāņini, such as नर, तद् , गो, अश्व, and a number of similar underived words, did not occur to the authors of the Nirukta as they believed that every noun was derivable, and hence could be included in the kŗt words.

padakāra	literally one who has divided the Samhitā text of the Vedas into the Pada-text. The term is applied to ancient Vedic Scholars शाकल्य, आत्रेय, कात्यायन and others who wrote the Padapātha of the Vedic Samhitās. The term is applied possibly through misunderstanding by some scholars to the Mahābhāsyakāra who has not divided any Vedic Samhitā,but has, in fact, pointed out a few errors of the Padakāras and stated categorically that grammarians need not follow the Padapāțha, but, rather, the writers of the Padapāțha should have followed the rules of grammar. Patañjali, in fact, refers by the term पदकार to Kātyāyana, who wrote the Padapātha and the Prātiśākhya of the Vājasaneyi-Samhitā in the following statement--न लक्षणेन पदकारा अनुवर्त्याः। पदकारैर्नाम लक्षणमनुवर्त्यम्। यथालक्षणं पदं कर्तव्यम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. III.1. 109; VI. 1. 207; VIII. 2.16; confer, compare also अदीधयुरिति पदकारस्य प्रत्याख्यानपक्षे उदाहरणमुपपन्नं भवति ( परिभाषासूचन of व्याडि Pari. 42 ) where Vyādi clearly refers to the Vārtika of Kātyāyana ' दीधीवेव्योश्छन्दोविषयत्वात् ' P. I. 1.6 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). I. The misunderstanding is due to passages in the commentary of स्कन्दस्वामिन् on the Nirukta passage I. 3, उब्वटटीका on ऋक्प्रातिशाख्य XIII. 19 and others where the statements referred to as those of Patañjali are, in fact, quotations from the Prātiśākhya works and it is the writers of the Prātiśākhya works who are referred to as padakāras by Patañ jali in the Mahābhāsya.

pārṣada parṣadi bhavaṃ pārṣadam	literally the interpretation or theory discussed and settled at the assembly of the learnedition The word is used in the sense of works on Nirukti or derivation of words as also works of the type of the Prātiśākhyās; confer, compare पदप्रकृतीनि सर्वचरणानां पार्षदानि Nirukta of Yāska.I. 17 and the commentary of, दुर्गाचार्यः confer, compare also पार्षदकृतिरेषा तत्रभवतां नैव लोके नान्यस्मिन्वेदे अर्ध एकारः अर्ध ओकारो वास्ति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I. 1. 48: see also pp. 104, 105 Vol. VII Mahābhāsya D. E. Society's edition. See पारिषद.

pravāda	a grammatical explanation; detailed explanation by citing the gender, number, krt affix, taddhita affix.affix and the like: confer, compare लिङ्गसंख्यातद्धितकृतरूपभेदाः प्रवादाः । पाण्यादिशब्दानां प्रवादेषु प्रथमो (original) नकारो णत्वमाप्नोति स च प्राकृतः । Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XIII. 9. The word is explained as a change in the form of a word, as for instance, by the substitution of स् for विसर्ग where विसर्ग is, in fact, expected; confer, compare कबन्धं पृथु इत्येतेषां पदानां प्रवादा रूपभेदा उदये परत्रावस्थिताः दिव इत्येतस्य उपचारं जनयन्ति । यथा दिवस्कबन्धम् , दिवस्पृथुः Uvvata on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) IV. 22; confer, compare also प्रवादाः षडितः परे, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) IX. 18. In the Nirukta, the word is used in the sense of 'distinct mention'; confer, compare एवमन्यासामपि देवतानामादित्यप्रवादाः स्तुतयो भवन्ति ( deities are mentioned under the name of Aditya) Nir II.13; cf also वैश्वानरीयाः प्रवादाः Nir, VII. 23.

prāgdeśa	districts of the east especially districts to the east of Ayodhya and Pataliputra, such as Magadha, Vanga and others; nothing can definitely be said as to which districts were called Eastern by Panini and his followers Katyayana and Patanjali. A Varttika given in the Kasika but not traceable in the Mahabhasya defines Pragdesa as districts situated to the east of शरावती (probably the modern river Ravi or a river near that river ): confer, compare प्रागुदञ्चौ विभजते हंसः क्षीरोदके यथा । विदुषां शब्दसिद्ध्यर्थे सा नः पातु शरावती ॥ Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on एङ् प्राचां देशे P. I. 1.75. There is a reading सरस्वती in some manuscript copies and सरस्वती is a wellknown river in the Punjab near Kuruksetra, which disappears in the sandy desert to the south: a reading इरावती is also found and इरावती may stand for the river Ravi. शरावती in Burma is simply out of consideration. For details see Vyakarana Mahabhasya Vol. VII. pp. 202-204 and 141-142 D. E. Society's Edition.

yāska	a reputed ancient Niruktakara or etymologist, of the 6th century B.C. or even a few centuries before that, whose work, the Nirukta, is looked upon as the oldest authoritative treatise regarding derivation of Vedic words. Yaska was preceded by a number of etymologists whom he has mentioned in his work and whose works he has utilisedition Yaska's Nirukta threw into the back-ground the older treatises on etymology, all of which disappeared gradually in the course of time.

vārṣyāyaṇi	an ancient grammarian quoted in the Mahabhasya and the Nirukta in connection with the six-fold division of bhava or verbal activity; confer, compare षड् भावविकारा भवन्तीति वाप्यार्यणि: l जायते अस्ति विपरिणमते वर्धते अपक्षीयते विनश्यतीति Nirukta of Yāska.I. 3.

vicikitsārthīya	the indeclinable नूनम् called विचिकित्साथीर्य in the Nirukta; the word विचिकित्सा is explained as confirmation after deliberation by Durgacarya. cf भाषायाम् । उभयमन्वध्यायम् \| विचिकित्सार्थीयश्च पदपूरणश्च । नूनमिति विचिकित्साथींय: Nirukta of Yāska.I.5.

vyutpatti	derivation of a word from a root which formed a special feature of the Nairukta school of Vedic scholars in ancient times; the word निर्वचन is used in the same sense: confer, compare सति संभवे व्युत्पत्तिरन्यथा कर्तव्या रूढेरनियमात् Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P.V. 2.93.

śabda	literally "sound" in general; confer, compare शब्दं कुरु शब्दं मा कार्षीः \| ध्वनिं कुर्वनेवमुच्यते \| M.Bh. in Ahnika I; confer, compare also शब्दः प्रकृतिः सर्ववर्णानाम् \| वर्णपृक्तः: शब्दो वाच उत्पत्तिः Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XXIII.1, XXIII.3.In grammar the word शब्द is applied to such words only as possess sense; confer, compare प्रतीतपदार्थको लोके ध्वनि: शब्द: Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). in Ahnika 1: confer, comparealso येनोच्चरितेन अर्थः प्रतीयते स शब्दः Sringara Prakasa I; confer, compare also अथ शब्दानुशासनम् M.Bh. Ahnika 1. In the Vajasaneyi-Pratisakhya, शब्द् is said to be constituted of air as far as its nature is concerned, but it is taken to mean in the Pratisakhya and grammar works in a restricted sense as letters possessed of sense, The vajasaneyiPratisakhya gives four kinds of words तिडू, कृत्, तद्धित and समास while नाम, आख्यात, निपात and उपसर्ग are described to be the four kinds in the Nirukta. As शब्द in grammar, is restricted to a phonetic unit possessed of sense, it can be applied to crude bases, affixes, as also to words that are completely formed with case-endings or personal affixes. In fact, taking it to be applicable to all such kinds, some grammarians have given tweive subdivisions of शब्द, vizप्रक्रुति, प्रत्यय,उपत्कार, उपपद, प्रातिपदिक, विभक्ति, उपसर्जन, समास, पद, वाक्य, प्रकरण and प्रबन्ध; confer, compare Sringara Prakasa I.

śākaṭāyana(1)	name of an ancient reputed scholar of Grammar and Pratisakhyas who is quoted by Panini. He is despisingly referred to by Patanjali as a traitor grammarian sympathizing with the Nairuktas or etymologists in holding the view that all substantives are derivable and can be derived from roots; cf तत्र नामान्याख्यातजानीति शाकटायनो नैरुक्तसमयश्च Nir.I.12: cf also नाम च धातुजमाह निरुक्ते व्याकरणे शकटस्य च तोकम् M. Bh on P.III.3.1. Sakatayana is believed to have been the author of the Unadisutrapatha as also of the RkTantra Pratisakhya of the Samaveda ; (2) name of a Jain grammarian named पाल्यकीर्ति शाकटायन who lived in the ninth century during the reign of the Rastrakuta king Amoghavarsa and wrote the Sabdanusana which is much similar to the Sutrapatha of Panini and introduced a new System of Grammar. His work named the Sabdanusasana consists of four chapters which are arranged in the form of topics, which are named सिद्धि. The grammar work is called शब्दानुशासन.

śākapūṇi	an ancient writer of Nirukta who is quoted by Yaska; confer, compare विद्युत् तडिद्भवतीति शाकपूणि; Nirukta of Yāska.III. 11, or मानेन अन्यत् जहातीति महानिति शाकपूणिः Nirukta of Yāska.III. 13 or ऋत्विक्कस्मात् । ईरणः । ऋग्यष्टा भवतीति शाकपूणिः Nir.III.19

sāmānya	literally resemblance in any one or many respects. In the Nirukta the word is used in the sense of resemblance between the word to be derived, and any form of a root; the term refers there to grammatical resemblance and may therefore mean grammatical consideration in general; confer, compare अविद्यमाने सामान्येप्यक्षरवर्णसामान्य त् निर्ब्रूयात् Nir.II.1.

Vedabase Search

300 results


ruk	mental distress	SB 1.14.44

rukma	(covered with) gold	SB 10.70.7-9

rukma	gold	SB 10.69.13

		SB 10.75.11

		SB 10.82.9

		SB 3.8.24

rukma	golden	SB 10.75.18

		SB 10.81.29-32

		SB 3.33.16

		SB 4.9.61

		SB 9.10.35-38

rukma	of gold	SB 10.45.27

		SB 10.57.38-39

rukma	reddish	SB 3.14.25

rukma	Rukma	SB 9.23.34

rukma-bhūṣite	being decorated with golden ornaments	SB 4.9.41

rukma-bhūṣite	being decorated with golden ornaments	SB 4.9.41

rukma-keśaḥ rukma-mālī	Rukmakeśa and Rukmamālī	SB 10.52.22

rukma-keśaḥ rukma-mālī	Rukmakeśa and Rukmamālī	SB 10.52.22

rukma-keśaḥ rukma-mālī	Rukmakeśa and Rukmamālī	SB 10.52.22

rukma-keśaḥ rukma-mālī	Rukmakeśa and Rukmamālī	SB 10.52.22

rukma-mālinīḥ	and with garlands of gold	SB 10.7.16

rukma-mālinīḥ	and with garlands of gold	SB 10.7.16

rukma-paṭṭa	possessing plates made of gold	SB 8.15.15

rukma-paṭṭa	possessing plates made of gold	SB 8.15.15

rukma-rathaḥ rukmabāhuḥ	Rukmaratha and Rukmabāhu	SB 10.52.22

rukma-rathaḥ rukmabāhuḥ	Rukmaratha and Rukmabāhu	SB 10.52.22

rukma-rathaḥ rukmabāhuḥ	Rukmaratha and Rukmabāhu	SB 10.52.22

rukma-viṣāṇīnām	whose horns were covered with gold plate	SB 9.4.33-35

rukma-viṣāṇīnām	whose horns were covered with gold plate	SB 9.4.33-35

rukmavatyām	in Rukmavatī	SB 10.61.18

rukmeṣu	Rukmeṣu	SB 9.23.34

rukmī	Rukmī	SB 10.52.22

		SB 10.52.25

		SB 10.54.18

		SB 10.54.19-20

		SB 10.60.18

		SB 10.61.20

		SB 10.61.23

		SB 10.61.25

		SB 10.61.27-28

		SB 10.61.29

		SB 10.61.30

rukmī	Rukmī	SB 10.61.30

		SB 10.61.32

		SB 10.61.33

rukmi-mukhyāḥ	the brother of Rukmiṇī, the first queen of Kṛṣṇa at Dvārakā	SB 2.7.34-35

rukmi-mukhyāḥ	the brother of Rukmiṇī, the first queen of Kṛṣṇa at Dvārakā	SB 2.7.34-35

rukmiṇā	by Rukmī	SB 10.53.2

		SB 10.61.36

rukmiṇaḥ	of Rukmī	SB 10.61.18

		SB 10.90.37

rukmiṇaḥ	of Rukmī (the oldest brother of Rukmiṇī)	SB 10.90.36

rukmiṇam	Rukmī	SB 10.54.26

		SB 10.54.31

		SB 10.54.36

rukmiṇam	to Rukmī	SB 10.61.27-28

rukmiṇī	of Rukmiṇī	CC Adi 17.241

		MM 30

rukmiṇi	Rukmī	SB 10.61.39

rukmiṇī	Rukmiṇī	SB 10.52.22

		SB 10.53.37

		SB 10.55.38

		SB 10.61.26

rukmiṇī	Śrīmatī Rukmiṇī	SB 10.54.32

rukmiṇī	the wife of Kṛṣṇa named Rukmiṇī	SB 3.1.28

rukmiṇī-ādi	headed by Rukmiṇī	CC Adi 6.72

rukmiṇī-ādi	headed by Rukmiṇī	CC Adi 6.72

rukmiṇī-ādira	of the queens, headed by Rukmiṇī	CC Madhya 24.51

rukmiṇī-ādira	of the queens, headed by Rukmiṇī	CC Madhya 24.51

rukmiṇī-ādyāḥ	led by Queen Rukmiṇī	SB 11.31.20

rukmiṇī-ādyāḥ	led by Queen Rukmiṇī	SB 11.31.20

rukmiṇī-balayoḥ	of Rukmiṇī and Balarāma	SB 10.61.39

rukmiṇī-balayoḥ	of Rukmiṇī and Balarāma	SB 10.61.39

rukmiṇī-devīra	of Rukmiṇīdevī	CC Antya 7.144

rukmiṇī-devīra	of Rukmiṇīdevī	CC Antya 7.144

rukmiṇī-pramukhāḥ	headed by Rukmiṇī	SB 10.90.30

rukmiṇī-pramukhāḥ	headed by Rukmiṇī	SB 10.90.30

rukmiṇī-sutaḥ	son of Rukmiṇī	SB 10.90.35

rukmiṇī-sutaḥ	son of Rukmiṇī	SB 10.90.35

rukmiṇī-sutaḥ	the son of Rukmiṇī (Pradyumna)	SB 10.76.17

rukmiṇī-sutaḥ	the son of Rukmiṇī (Pradyumna)	SB 10.76.17

		SB 10.77.2

rukmiṇī-sutaḥ	the son of Rukmiṇī (Pradyumna)	SB 10.77.2

rukmiṇī-udvāhe	to Rukmiṇī's wedding	SB 10.76.2

rukmiṇī-udvāhe	to Rukmiṇī's wedding	SB 10.76.2

rukmiṇīm	Rukmiṇī	SB 10.54.19-20

		SB 10.71.41-42

rukmiṇīm	Śrīmatī Rukmiṇī-devī	SB 10.52.18

rukmiṇīra	of Queen Rukmiṇī	CC Madhya 5.27

rukmiṇīra	of Rukmiṇī	CC Madhya 19.201

rukmiṇīra mane	in the mind of Rukmiṇīdevī	CC Antya 7.147

rukmiṇīra mane	in the mind of Rukmiṇīdevī	CC Antya 7.147

rukmiṇīre	unto Rukmiṇī, the first queen	CC Madhya 19.201

rukmiṇyā	with Rukmiṇī	SB 10.54.60

rukmiṇyāḥ	of Rukmiṇī	SB 10.53.4

		SB 10.54.59

		SB 10.61.24

		SB 12.12.38

rukmiṇyām	in Rukmiṇī	SB 10.61.8-9

rukṣāḥ	harsh	SB 10.68.39

sruk-sruva-ādi-upalakṣaṇaḥ	decorated with the sacrificial spoon, ladle and so on	CC Madhya 20.333

dāruka-jaitra-ādīn	headed by Dāruka and Jaitra	SB 10.71.12

kurukṣetre āilāńa	I have come to Kurukṣetra	CC Antya 14.34

anārurukṣave	who was unwilling to climb up	CC Madhya 18.25

urukrama-ańghrim	the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is famous for performing uncommon activities	SB 7.5.32

urukrama-ańghrim	the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is credited with uncommon activities	CC Madhya 22.53

urukrama-ańghrim	the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is credited with uncommon activities	CC Madhya 25.85

anirukta	inconceivable	SB 6.4.27-28

aniruktam	indescribable	SB 8.5.26

anirukte	who is beyond the mind and speech	SB 5.19.20

ārurukṣamāṇaḥ	desiring to ascend	SB 5.14.18

ārurukṣantam	trying to get on	SB 4.8.9

ārurukṣantam	trying to rise onto it	SB 4.8.67

ārurukṣanti	persons who desire to come to the upper planetary systems	SB 8.11.5

ārurukṣatīm	who was ready to mount	SB 10.53.51-55

ārurukṣet	can aspire to attain	SB 4.12.43

ārurukṣoḥ	who has just begun yoga	BG 6.3

ārurukṣoḥ	of a person desiring to rise to the platform of yogic perfection	CC Madhya 24.159

yoga-ārurukṣu	persons desiring elevation to the platform of yogic perfection	CC Madhya 24.158

ārurukṣuḥ	one who aspires to reach	SB 3.31.39

ārurukṣuḥ	one desiring to climb	SB 5.13.8

ātma-dhruk	envious of himself	SB 4.23.28

dāruka-ātmajaḥ	the son of Dāruka (Lord Kṛṣṇa's driver)	SB 10.76.27

urukrama-ātmanaḥ	of he (Prahlāda Mahārāja) whose mind is always engaged upon the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who always acts uncommonly	SB 7.11.1

bharukaḥ	by the name Bharuka	SB 9.8.2

bhrukuṭī-mukha	due to His frowning face	SB 7.8.19-22

bhrukuṭī	frowning brows	SB 7.9.15

tila-go-bhūmi-rukmaiḥ	along with grains, cows, land and gold	SB 1.13.31

bhūta-dhruk	he who harms others	SB 6.18.25

bhūta-dhruk	a person who does not accept the śāstric injunctions and is unnecessarily envious of other living entities	SB 10.10.10

brahma-dhruk	the ultimate truth in Brahman	SB 2.7.22

brahma-dhruk	unworthy to be a brāhmaṇa	SB 4.4.30

brahma-dhruk	the killer of a brāhmaṇa	SB 5.26.14

ḍamaruka	small drum	SB 12.10.11-13

dāruka-sārathiḥ	whose chariot driver was Dāruka	SB 10.50.16

dāruka	O Dāruka	SB 10.53.4

dāruka-jaitra-ādīn	headed by Dāruka and Jaitra	SB 10.71.12

dāruka-ātmajaḥ	the son of Dāruka (Lord Kṛṣṇa's driver)	SB 10.76.27

dārukaḥ	Dāruka	SB 10.77.11

dārukaḥ	Dāruka (Lord Kṛṣṇa's chariot driver)	SB 10.83.33

dārukaḥ	Dāruka, the chariot driver of Lord Kṛṣṇa	SB 11.30.41

dārukaḥ	Dāruka	SB 11.31.15

dārukaḥ	Dāruka, the Lord's chariot driver	CC Adi 4.202

dārukam	to Dāruka, His chariot driver	SB 10.77.9

dārukeṇa	by Dāruka	SB 10.86.17

devī rukmiṇī	the divine Rukmiṇī	SB 10.56.34

turuka-dhārī	Turkish Muslim soldiers	CC Madhya 18.27

dhruk	rebellious	SB 1.8.43

brahma-dhruk	the ultimate truth in Brahman	SB 2.7.22

brahma-dhruk	unworthy to be a brāhmaṇa	SB 4.4.30

yajña-dhruk	creating a disturbance in the performance of the sacrifice	SB 4.19.36

ātma-dhruk	envious of himself	SB 4.23.28

brahma-dhruk	the killer of a brāhmaṇa	SB 5.26.14

mitra-dhruk	one who turns against a friend or relative	SB 6.2.9-10

bhūta-dhruk	he who harms others	SB 6.18.25

bhūta-dhruk	a person who does not accept the śāstric injunctions and is unnecessarily envious of other living entities	SB 10.10.10

dhruk	the opponent	SB 10.14.40

dhruk	causing harm	SB 10.44.47

dhruk	who have committed violence	SB 10.78.5

dhruk	an enemy	SB 12.2.41

dhruk	rebellious	SB 12.11.25

durukta	by the abusive words	SB 3.18.6

duruktaiḥ	with harsh words	SB 3.4.1

duruktaiḥ	by abusive words	SB 3.18.9

duruktaiḥ	by unkind words	SB 4.6.6

duruktaiḥ	harsh words	SB 4.6.47

duruktaiḥ	and by bad words	SB 5.5.30

duruktaiḥ	by harsh words	SB 7.8.14

duruktaiḥ	by insulting words	SB 11.23.2

duruktam	the harsh words	SB 10.79.28

duruktau	in Durukti	SB 4.8.4

durukti	unkind words	SB 4.7.15

durukti	harsh words	SB 4.8.14

duruktibhiḥ	by harsh words	SB 4.3.19

duruktiḥ	Harsh Speech	SB 4.8.3

ghana-ruk	of black color	SB 4.5.3

tila-go-bhūmi-rukmaiḥ	along with grains, cows, land and gold	SB 1.13.31

śikṣā-guruke	the spiritual master who instructs	CC Adi 1.47

guruke	to the spiritual master	CC Madhya 24.264

guruke kahe	said to his spiritual master	CC Antya 8.20

sruk-hastān	with the sacrificial ladle in hand	SB 4.19.29

dāruka-jaitra-ādīn	headed by Dāruka and Jaitra	SB 10.71.12

guruke kahe	said to his spiritual master	CC Antya 8.20

karuka	let him do	CC Madhya 16.176

tāra karuka vyaya	let him spend that	CC Antya 9.33

karuka	let him do	CC Antya 12.38

karuka	let her do	CC Antya 14.26

kuruka	let him do	CC Antya 9.33

kurukṣetra-patiḥ	the King of Kurukṣetra	SB 9.22.3

kurukṣetra	to the pilgrimage site known as Kurukṣetra	CC Madhya 2.53

kurukṣetram	the place where the battle was fought	SB 1.10.34-35

kurukṣetram	the Battle of Kurukṣetra	SB 3.3.12

kurukṣetram	a particular sacred place (dharma-kṣetra)	SB 7.14.30-33

kurukṣetre	at the place known as Kurukṣetra	SB 9.14.33

kurukṣetre	in Kurukṣetra	CC Antya 14.34

kurukṣetre āilāńa	I have come to Kurukṣetra	CC Antya 14.34

maruka	let them die	CC Antya 12.20

maruka	let die	CC Antya 12.23

mitra-dhruk	one who turns against a friend or relative	SB 6.2.9-10

bhrukuṭī-mukha	due to His frowning face	SB 7.8.19-22

nirukta	comprising the essential understanding presented in the Nirukta	SB 11.6.11

niruktaḥ	described	SB 12.11.24

niruktam	falsely described	SB 5.12.9

niruktam	expressed	SB 6.4.29

niruktam	everything manifested	SB 7.9.48

niruktam	decided	SB 7.14.34

sa-niruktām	along with a glossary explaining obscure terms	SB 12.6.58

niruktyā	by example	SB 5.11.3

urukrama-pāda-śaucam	the water washed from the feet of the personality of Godhead	SB 2.7.18

urukrama-parigraham	the wives of the all-powerful	SB 1.15.20

kurukṣetra-patiḥ	the King of Kurukṣetra	SB 9.22.3

paurukutsaḥ	the son of Purukutsa	SB 9.7.4

urukrama-priyaḥ	Dhruva Mahārāja, who was very dear to the Lord	SB 4.12.28

punarukti	repetition	CC Madhya 4.6

punarukti	repetition	CC Madhya 16.213

su-purukha	of a beautiful person	CC Madhya 8.194

purukutsam	Purukutsa	SB 9.6.38

purukutsāya	unto Purukutsa	SB 9.7.2

ghana-ruk	of black color	SB 4.5.3

śukhā-rukhā	not very luxurious	CC Madhya 3.39

tila-go-bhūmi-rukmaiḥ	along with grains, cows, land and gold	SB 1.13.31

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.52.37

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.54.33

devī rukmiṇī	the divine Rukmiṇī	SB 10.56.34

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.60.34

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.83.8

sa-niruktām	along with a glossary explaining obscure terms	SB 12.6.58

urukrama-śabde	by the word urukrama	CC Madhya 24.19

urukrama-śabdera	of the word urukrama	CC Madhya 24.23

sphuruka sakala	let it be manifested	CC Madhya 23.123

dāruka-sārathiḥ	whose chariot driver was Dāruka	SB 10.50.16

urukrama-pāda-śaucam	the water washed from the feet of the personality of Godhead	SB 2.7.18

se turuk	that Turk	CC Antya 6.19

śikṣā-guruke	the spiritual master who instructs	CC Adi 1.47

sphuruka sakala	let it be manifested	CC Madhya 23.123

sphuruka tomāre	let it be manifested to you properly	CC Madhya 23.124

sphuruka tomāre	let them be awakened in you	CC Madhya 25.108

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.52.37

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.54.33

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.60.34

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.83.8

sruk-hastān	with the sacrificial ladle in hand	SB 4.19.29

sruk-sruva-ādi-upalakṣaṇaḥ	decorated with the sacrificial spoon, ladle and so on	CC Madhya 20.333

sruk-sruva-ādi-upalakṣaṇaḥ	decorated with the sacrificial spoon, ladle and so on	CC Madhya 20.333

su-purukha	of a beautiful person	CC Madhya 8.194

śukhā-rukhā	not very luxurious	CC Madhya 3.39

tāra karuka vyaya	let him spend that	CC Antya 9.33

tila-go-bhūmi-rukmaiḥ	along with grains, cows, land and gold	SB 1.13.31

sphuruka tomāre	let it be manifested to you properly	CC Madhya 23.124

sphuruka tomāre	let them be awakened in you	CC Madhya 25.108

se turuk	that Turk	CC Antya 6.19

turuka-dhārī	Turkish Muslim soldiers	CC Madhya 18.27

sruk-sruva-ādi-upalakṣaṇaḥ	decorated with the sacrificial spoon, ladle and so on	CC Madhya 20.333

urukrama-parigraham	the wives of the all-powerful	SB 1.15.20

urukrama	the Lord, who acts marvelously	SB 2.3.20

urukrama-pāda-śaucam	the water washed from the feet of the personality of Godhead	SB 2.7.18

urukrama	O great actor	SB 3.9.8

urukrama-priyaḥ	Dhruva Mahārāja, who was very dear to the Lord	SB 4.12.28

urukrama-ańghrim	the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is famous for performing uncommon activities	SB 7.5.32

urukrama-ātmanaḥ	of he (Prahlāda Mahārāja) whose mind is always engaged upon the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who always acts uncommonly	SB 7.11.1

urukrama	whose activities are very glorious	SB 8.17.25

urukrama	of Lord Vāmanadeva, Lord Kṛṣṇa's dwarf incarnation, who covered the entire universe in three mighty steps	SB 10.30.10

urukrama	of Lord Kṛṣṇa	SB 10.44.15

urukrama	O You who perform transcendental feats	SB 10.60.35

urukrama-ańghrim	the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is credited with uncommon activities	CC Madhya 22.53

urukrama-śabde	by the word urukrama	CC Madhya 24.19

urukrama-śabdera	of the word urukrama	CC Madhya 24.23

urukrama-ańghrim	the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is credited with uncommon activities	CC Madhya 25.85

urukramaḥ	the all-powerful Lord	SB 1.3.13

urukramaḥ	the supreme powerful	SB 3.6.2

urukramaḥ	Urukrama	SB 6.6.38-39

urukramaḥ	the Lord, whose every action is uncommon	SB 7.8.8

urukramaḥ	who is prominent by His wonderful activities	SB 8.20.32-33

urukramaḥ	Lord Urukrama	SB 10.6.21

urukramaḥ	Lord Kṛṣṇa	SB 10.42.17

urukramasya	of the one who performs supernatural activities (God)	SB 1.5.13

urukramasya	of the great adventurer	SB 1.11.2

urukramasya	of Lord Viṣṇu (far-stepping)	SB 3.23.8

urukramasya	of Urukrama	SB 6.18.8

urukramasya	of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who was acting wonderfully	SB 8.20.24

urukramasya	of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who performs uncommon activities	SB 8.20.34

urukramasya	of Lord Viṣṇu	SB 8.21.4

urukramasya	of the Supreme Personality of Godhead	SB 8.23.28

urukrame	unto the great adventurer	SB 1.7.10

urukrame	unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, whose actions are uncommon	SB 4.9.1

urukrame	unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, whose activities are wonderful	CC Madhya 6.186

urukrame	unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, whose activities are wonderful	CC Madhya 17.140

urukrame	unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, whose activities are wonderful	CC Madhya 24.5

urukrame	unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who acts uncommonly	CC Madhya 24.163

urukrame	unto the most powerful	CC Madhya 24.305

urukrame	unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, whose activities are wonderful	CC Madhya 25.159

ūrukriyaḥ	Ūrukriya	SB 9.12.10

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.52.37

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.54.33

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.60.34

śrī-rukmiṇī uvāca	Śrī Rukmiṇī said	SB 10.83.8

tāra karuka vyaya	let him spend that	CC Antya 9.33

yajña-dhruk	creating a disturbance in the performance of the sacrifice	SB 4.19.36

yoga-ārurukṣu	persons desiring elevation to the platform of yogic perfection	CC Madhya 24.158

DCS with thanks

127 results


ruk	noun (masculine) [gramm.] augment ruk Frequency rank 63694/72933

rukma	noun (masculine) Rukmin, son of Bhīṣmaka an ornament of gold (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) golden chain or disk (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Mesua Roxburghii (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of a son of Rucaka (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) the thorn-apple (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 17160/72933

rukma	noun (neuter) svarṇamākṣika a kind of collyrium (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) gold (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) iron (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) the Nāgakesara flower Frequency rank 2722/72933

rukmaka	noun (neuter) gold Frequency rank 63697/72933

rukmaka	noun (masculine) name of a son of king Bhīṣmaka; Rukmin Frequency rank 63696/72933

rukmakavaca	noun (masculine) name of a grandson of Uśanas and son of Kambalabarhis (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 16054/72933

rukmamākṣika	noun (neuter) a kind of mineral Frequency rank 38765/72933

rukmamālin	noun (masculine) name of a son of Bhīṣmaka (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 63698/72933

rukmaratha	noun (masculine) name of Droṇa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of various men (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) the chariot of Rukmaratha i.e. of Droṇa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 10483/72933

rukmavant	noun (masculine) name of the eldest son of Bhīshmaka (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 63699/72933

rukmavāhana	noun (masculine) name of Droṇa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 38766/72933

rukmeṣu	noun (masculine) name of a king and son of Parājit or Parāvṛt [Li.pur.] (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 25207/72933

rukmi	noun (masculine) Frequency rank 38764/72933

rukmin	noun (masculine) name of a mountain (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of the eldest son of Bhīshmaka and adversary of Kṛṣṇa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 13719/72933

rukmiṇinandana	noun (masculine) name of Pradyumna (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 29921/72933

rukmiṇī	noun (feminine) a species of plant (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of a daughter of Bhīṣmaka and sister of Rukmin (Rukmaka) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of Dākṣāyaṇī in Dvāravatī (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of various other women (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 5937/72933

rukmiṇītīrtha	noun (neuter) name of a Tīrtha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 38767/72933

rukmiṇītīrthamāhātmyavarṇana	noun (neuter) name of Skandapurāṇa, Revākhaṇḍa, 142 Frequency rank 63700/72933

rukmāṅgada	noun (masculine) name of various men (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 22131/72933

rukpratikriyā	noun (feminine) counteraction or treatment of disease curing (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) remedying (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 63695/72933

aguruka	noun (masculine) aguru Frequency rank 41658/72933

atipaunaruktya	noun (neuter) excessive repitition Frequency rank 42121/72933

anirukta	adjective not articulated (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) not explained (because of being clear by itself) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) unspeakable (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) unuttered (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 22969/72933

apunarukta	adjective not (uselessly) repeated Frequency rank 13317/72933

apunarukta	noun (neuter) no (superfluous) repetition (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 32175/72933

abhīruka	adjective fearless (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 44432/72933

ardhoruka	noun (neuter) a short petticoat (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 32568/72933

aśrukarman	noun (neuter) shedding tears (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 45657/72933

asnigdhadāruka	noun (masculine) a kind of pine tree (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 46032/72933

āruka	noun (neuter) the fruit of a medicinal plant growing on the Himālaya mountains (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 14739/72933

āruka	adjective hurting (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) injuring (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 46608/72933

ārurukṣ	verb to wish to ascend Frequency rank 33157/72933

ārurukṣu	adjective desirous to rise or ascend or advance (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 16556/72933

unduruka	noun (masculine) a mouse (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) a rat (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 33460/72933

undurukarṇikā	noun (feminine) Salvinia cucullata Roxb. Frequency rank 27159/72933

urukālaka	noun (masculine) the creeper Cucumis Colocynthis (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 47799/72933

urukrama	noun (masculine) (Viṣṇu's) wide stride (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of Viṣṇu (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of Śiva (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 15580/72933

urukrama	adjective far-stepping (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) making wide strides (said of Viṣṇu) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 33594/72933

urukṣaya	noun (masculine) name of a king (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of a son of Mahāvīrya Frequency rank 27233/72933

urukṣava	noun (masculine) name of a son of Āhārya the descendants of Urukṣava Frequency rank 33595/72933

urvāruka	noun (masculine neuter) Cucumis Usitatissimus (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 20968/72933

ervāruka	noun (masculine neuter) Cucumis Utilissimus (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 12423/72933

kakeruka	noun (masculine) a kind of worm in the stomach (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 23581/72933

kadrukā	noun (feminine) Frequency rank 48461/72933

karkāruka	noun (neuter) fruit of Beninkasa Cerifera (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 48717/72933

karkāruka	noun (masculine) Beninkasa Cerifera (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 27414/72933

kaśeruka	noun (masculine neuter) name of a Dvīpa the root of Scirpus Kysoor (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 10060/72933

kaserukā	noun (masculine feminine) Frequency rank 12441/72933

kārukā	noun (masculine feminine) artificer (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of a son of Vijaya Frequency rank 14816/72933

kundarukī	noun (feminine) a kind of plant Frequency rank 49670/72933

kunduruka	noun (masculine) Olibanum (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 16692/72933

kundurukī	noun (feminine) Boswellia thurifera (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 34129/72933

kurukullā	noun (feminine) name of a Buddhist deity (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 49765/72933

kurukṣetra	noun (masculine) name of a people Frequency rank 49766/72933

kurukṣetra	noun (neuter) name of an extensive plain near Delhi; the scene of the great battles between the Kurus and a famous place of pilgrimage (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) the inhabitants of that country (renowned for their bravery) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 3163/72933

kroḍakaseruka	noun (masculine) Cyperus rotundus (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 50388/72933

khurukhurāy	verb (denominative ātmanepada) Frequency rank 50912/72933

gaḍūruka	noun (masculine) a kind of bird (a quail?) Frequency rank 50984/72933

gāṅgeruka	noun (neuter) the grain of ūkī (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 23872/72933

gāṅgerukī	noun (feminine) the plant Uraria lagopodioides (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 17865/72933

guruka	adjective (in prosody) long (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) a little heavy (said of limbs slightly affected with sickness) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 27853/72933

grāmeruka	noun (neuter) (a substance) Frequency rank 51742/72933

carukā	noun (feminine) name of a river Frequency rank 34918/72933

carukeśvara	noun (neuter) name of a Tīrtha Frequency rank 34919/72933

cārukeśī	noun (feminine) name of an Apsaras Frequency rank 52240/72933

cārukesarā	noun (feminine) a kind of Cyperus (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) another plant (taruṇī) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 34952/72933

cārukaila	noun (neuter) pāṃśulavaṇa Frequency rank 52241/72933

cīrukā	noun (feminine) Frequency rank 52404/72933

jatruka	noun (neuter) the collar-bone (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 52646/72933

ḍamaruka	noun (masculine) the drum called ḍamaru a kind of alchemical apparatus Frequency rank 8783/72933

ḍāmaruka	noun (neuter) ḍamaru Frequency rank 53179/72933

tsāruka	adjective skilful in handling a sword (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 54113/72933

dāruka	noun (neuter) Pinus Devadaru (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 54369/72933

dāruki	noun (masculine) name of Pradyumna's charioteer (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 28335/72933

dāruka	noun (masculine) name of an incarnation of Śiva (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of Kṛṣṇa's charioteer (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 5615/72933

dārukaṇṭaka	noun (masculine) rītikā Frequency rank 54370/72933

dārukatīrthamāhātmyavarṇana	noun (neuter) name of SkPur, Revākhaṇḍa 36 Frequency rank 54371/72933

dārukadalī	noun (feminine) a kind of wild plantain (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 54372/72933

dārukeśvaratīrtha	noun (neuter) name of a Tirtha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 35632/72933

durukta	adjective harsh (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) harshly addressed (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) injurious (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 28389/72933

durukta	noun (neuter) bad or harsh word (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 12070/72933

devadāruka	noun (masculine) Pinus Devadāru Frequency rank 35824/72933

drukāla	noun (masculine) a kind of tree Frequency rank 55137/72933

drukilima	noun (neuter) Pinus Deodora (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 28487/72933

dvirukta	noun (neuter) repetition (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 35939/72933

nirukti	noun (feminine) (in dram.) communication of an event that has taken place (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) (in rhet.) an artificial explanation or derivation of a word (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) etymological interpretation of a word (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 18066/72933

nirukta	noun (neuter) explanation or etymological interpretation of a word (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of several wks (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 6514/72933

niruktaga	noun (masculine) name of Brahmā (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 36291/72933

nairukta	adjective based on etymology (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) explained etymologically (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) relating to the Nirukta (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 56779/72933

piruka	noun (neuter) a kind of ?? Frequency rank 58043/72933

punarukti	noun (feminine) Frequency rank 29049/72933

punarukta	noun (neuter) tautology (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) useless repetition (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 8643/72933

purukutsa	noun (masculine) name of a descendant of Ikṣvāku (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of a man (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of a son of Māndhātṛ (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of another man (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 13633/72933

purukṛtsara	noun (masculine) name of a man (?) Frequency rank 58216/72933

pṛthurukma	noun (masculine) name of a son of Parājit (or Parāvṛt) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 21765/72933

paunaruktya	noun (neuter) Frequency rank 16995/72933

paurukutsa	noun (masculine) name of a king Frequency rank 58486/72933

praśuśruka	noun (masculine) name of a prince (a son of Maru) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 24766/72933

bālabhīruka	noun (masculine) a kind of plant Frequency rank 60187/72933

bhadradāruka	noun (neuter) Frequency rank 72877/72933

bhārukaccha	noun (masculine) name of a people Frequency rank 60680/72933

bhīruka	noun (masculine) a bear (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) a kind of sugar-cane (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) an owl (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) name of a man (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 37826/72933

bhīruka	adjective afraid of (comp.) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) fearful (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) formidable (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) shy (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) timorous (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 24910/72933

bhrukuṭi	noun (feminine) contraction of the brows Frequency rank 7596/72933

bhrukuṃsa	noun (masculine) a male actor in female attire Frequency rank 61069/72933

makeruka	noun (masculine) a kind of parasitical worm (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 24945/72933

macakruka	noun (masculine) name of a Yakṣa and of a sacred spot guarded by him near the entrance to Kurukṣetra (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 37947/72933

madhuraśigruka	noun (masculine) a kind of plant Frequency rank 61367/72933

madhuśigruka	noun (masculine) Moringa Pterygosperma (Rubriflora) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 24970/72933

māruka	adjective dying (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) perishing (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 62101/72933

mṛgervāruka	noun (masculine) a kind of animal Frequency rank 62438/72933

rājakaśeruka	noun (masculine neuter) a kind of plant Frequency rank 25192/72933

ruruka	noun (masculine) name of a king [son of Vijaya] (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 38786/72933

rūpyaśatruka	noun (masculine) a kind of metal Frequency rank 63964/72933

varuka	noun (masculine) a species of inferior grain (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 25294/72933

vīrāruka	noun (neuter) a medicinal plant (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 66379/72933

vṛddhadāruka	noun (masculine) Argyreia speciosa Sweet. a kind of plant Frequency rank 15230/72933

śatrukaṇṭaka	noun (masculine) a kind of jujube Frequency rank 67193/72933

śigruka	noun (masculine feminine neuter) śigru (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) any potherb Frequency rank 9963/72933

śītabhīruka	noun (masculine) a kind of rice (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 40064/72933

śmaśrukarman	noun (neuter) shaving (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 22444/72933

sucāruka	noun (masculine) name of a son of Kṛṣṇa Frequency rank 70778/72933

suradāruka	noun (neuter) Pinus deodora Frequency rank 71103/72933

surabhidāruka	noun (masculine) Pinus Longifolia (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 71127/72933

snigdhadāruka	noun (neuter) Pinus Deodora Frequency rank 71861/72933

hiruk	indeclinable amongst (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) apart (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) aside (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) away (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) below (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) in the midst of (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) near (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) off (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) out of sight of (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) without (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 72611/72933

hrasvaśigruka	noun (masculine) a species of Moringa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988)) Frequency rank 72776/72933

Ayurvedic MedicalDictionary Dr. Potturu with thanks

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āruka	1. hurting, injuring; 2. yak; 3. peach fruit, Prunus persica.
bhāruka	women whose child dies on the seventh day after delivery.
ḍamaruyantra,ḍamarukayantra	hour-glass apparatus used in medicinal alchemy; two small drums or earthen pots joined at mouths.
gaṅgeruki	Plant carray cheddie, Canthium parviflorum.
kāruka	Go to karmaraṅga
krukāṭika	a lethal point on the nape of neck.
nirukti	syntactical derivation, etymology (one of the vedāngas)
śiroruka	headache.
vedāṅga	vedic auxiliary disciplines; phonetics (śikṣa), ritual (kalpa), grammar (vyākaraṇa), etymology (nirukti), meter (chandas) and astrology (jyotiṣa).

Wordnet Search

"ruk" has 74 results.


ruk	kuvacanam, duruktiḥ, apaśabdaḥ, durālāpaḥ kutsitaṃ vacanam। kuvacanasya prayogaṃ na kartavyam।
ruk	pṛṣṭhāsthimān, pṛṣṭhavaṃśaviśiṣṭaḥ, kaśerukī, merudaṇḍī pṛṣṭhāsthidhārakaḥ prāṇī। mānavaḥ pṛṣṭhāsthimān jantuḥ asti।
ruk	upacāraḥ, upacaryā, cikitsā, rukpratikriyā, nigrahaḥ, vedanāniṣṭhā, kriyā, upakramaḥ, śamaḥ rogasya dūrīkaraṇārthe kṛtā prakriyā। asya rogasya upacāraḥ kathaṃ bhavati।
ruk	vyādhiḥ, gadaḥ, āmayaḥ, apāṭavaḥ, āmaḥ, ātaṅkaḥ, bhayaḥ, upaghātaḥ, bhaṅgaḥ, artiḥ, ruk, rujā, upatāpaḥ śarīrādiṣu āgataḥ doṣaḥ। śarīraṃ vyādhīnāṃ gṛham।
ruk	bhīruḥ, bhītaḥ, bhīrukaḥ, bhīruhṛdayaḥ, bhayaśīlaḥ, hariṇahṛdayaḥ, kātaraḥ, trasruḥ, dīnacetanaḥ, dīnaḥ, asāhasikaḥ, bhayāturaḥ yaḥ bibheti। bhīruḥ mriyate naikavāraṃ vīraḥ ekavāram।
ruk	nirāmaya, vārta, kalya, uttama, kuśala, kuśalavat, nīruja, kuśalin, kuśali, nirvyādhi, paṭu, ullāgha, laghu, agada, nirjvara, vigada, viroga, anāmaya, aruk aroga, arogin, arogya āyuṣmat, ārogyavat, nirātaṅka, ayakṣma, sahārogya, sustha, susthita nirgataḥ āmayo yasmāt। sarve nirāmayāḥ santu।
ruk	ulūkaḥ, ūlūkaḥ, pecakaḥ, kauśikaḥ, vāyasārātiḥ, divāndhaḥ, divābhītaḥ, niśāṭaḥ, naktañcaraḥ, niśādarśī, naktacārū, rajanīcaraḥ, kākabhīruḥ, kāvarukaḥ, ghūkaḥ, vakranāsikā, raktanāsikaḥ pakṣiviśeṣaḥ yaḥ niśāyām aṭati। ulūkaḥ niśācaraḥ asti।
ruk	baladevaḥ, balabhadraḥ, saṃkarṣaṇaḥ, haladharaḥ, balaḥ, madhupriyaḥ, balarāmaḥ, tālāṅkaḥ, pralambaghnaḥ, acyutāgrajaḥ, revatīramaṇaḥ, rāmaḥ, kāmapālaḥ, halāyudhaḥ, nīlāmbaraḥ, rauhiṇeyaḥ, tālāṅkaḥ, suṣalī, halī, saṅkarṣaṇaḥ, sīrapāṇiḥ, kālindībhedanaḥ, rukmidarpaḥ, halabhṛt, hālabhṛt, saunandī, guptavaraḥ, saṃvartakaḥ, balī, musalī kṛṣṇasya jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā yaḥ rohiṇyāḥ putraḥ āsīt। balarāmaḥ śeṣanāgasya avatāraḥ asti iti manyante।
ruk	icchā, ākāṅkṣā, vāñchā, dohadaḥ, spṛhā, īhā, tṛṭ, lipsā, manorathaḥ, kāmaḥ, abhilāṣaḥ, tarṣaḥ, ruk, iṣā, śraddhā, tṛṣṇā, ruciḥ, matiḥ, dohalam, chandaḥ, iṭ manodharmaviśeṣaḥ। nirduḥkhatve sukhe cecchā tajjñānādeva jāyate। icchā tu tadupāye syādiṣṭopāyatvadhīryadi।।
ruk	suvarṇam, svarṇam, kanakam, hiraṇyam, hema, hāṭakam, kāñcanam, tapanīyam, śātakumbham, gāṅgeyam, bharmam, karvaram, cāmīkaram, jātarūpam, mahārajatam, rukmam, kārtasvaram, jāmbunadam, aṣṭāpadam, śātakaumbham, karcuram, rugmam, bhadram, bhūri, piñjaram, draviṇam, gairikam, cāmpeyam, bharuḥ, candraḥ, kaladhautam, abhrakam, agnibījam, lohavaram, uddhasārukam, sparśamaṇiprabhavam, mukhyadhātu, ujjvalam, kalyāṇam, manoharam, agnivīryam, agni, bhāskaram, piñajānam, apiñjaram, tejaḥ, dīptam, agnibham, dīptakam, maṅgalyam, saumañjakam, bhṛṅgāram, jāmbavam, āgneyam, niṣkam, agniśikham dhātuviśeṣaḥ-pītavarṇīyaḥ dhātuḥ yaḥ alaṅkāranirmāṇe upayujyate। suvarṇasya mūlyaṃ vardhitam।
ruk	nāgaramustā, nāgarotthā, nāgarādighanasaṃjñakā, cakrāṅkā, nādeyī, cūḍālā, piṇḍamustā, śiśirā, vṛṣadhmāṅkṣī, kaccharuhā, cārukesarā, uccaṭā, pūrṇakoṣchasaṃjñā, kalāpinī, jaṭā tṛṇaviśeṣaḥ yasya mūlāni kaphapittajvarātisārārucyādiṣu bheṣajarupeṇa yujyate। vaidyena bheṣajārthe samūlaṃ nāgaramustā ānītā।
ruk	nagna, vivastra, nirvastra, anambara, avastra, udghāṭitāṅga, kākaruka, kīśa, āśāvāsas, digambara, digvāsas yaḥ āvaraṇaprāvaraṇavirahitaḥ asti। nagnaḥ bālakaḥ bhūmyāṃ krīḍati।
ruk	anulāpaḥ, punaruktiḥ punaḥ punaḥ uktam। kīrtane anulāpaḥ āvaśyakaḥ।
ruk	gurukulam jñānārjanārthe gurugṛhe vasanam। saṅgītakṣetre adhunā api gurukulaṃ dṛśyate।
ruk	dyumat, dyutikar, dyutimat, dyotana, dyoti, dyotamāna, ujvala, kāntimat, kiraṇamaya, utprabha, ullasa, ullasita, prakāśavat, prakāśaka, prakāśamāna, prakāśat, prakāśin, citra, tejasvat, tejasvin, tejomaya, taijasa, añjimat, atiśukra, abhirucira, abhivirājita, abhiśobhita, abhīṣumat, amanda, avabhāsita, avabhāsin, ābhāsvara, ārocana, ābhāsura, iddha, utprabha, udīrṇadīdhiti, uddyota, uddyotita, kanakatālābha, kanakaprabha, kanala, kāśī, kāśīṣṇu, ketu, taijasa, dīdi, dīdivi, dīpta, dīptimat, dyotamāna, dhauta, punāna, prakhya, prabhāvat, bṛhajjyotis, bhāskara, bhāsura, bhāsvara, bhāsvat, bhāsayat, rukmābha, rucita, rucira, rucya, ruśat, roca, rocana, rocamāna, rociṣṇu, varcasvin, vidyotamāna, virukmat, vicakṣaṇa, virājamāna, śuklabhāsvara, śundhyu, śubhāna, śubhra, śubhri, śumbhamāna, śobha, śobhamāna, sutāra, suteja, sudīpta, sudyotman, supraketa, suprabha, suruk, suvibhāta, sphurat, hiraṇyanirṇij, hiraṇyanirṇig yasmin dīptiḥ asti athavā yasya varṇaḥ ābhāyuktaḥ asti। prācyadeśāt āgatena tena dūtena tat dyumat ratnaṃ rājasabhāyāṃ rājñe samarpitam।
ruk	vānaraḥ, kapiḥ, plavaṅgaḥ, plavagaḥ, śākhāmṛgaḥ, valīmukhaḥ, markaṭaḥ, kīśaḥ, vanaukāḥ, markaḥ, plavaḥ, pravaṅgaḥ, pravagaḥ, plavaṅgamaḥ, pravaṅgamaḥ, golāṅgulaḥ, kapitthāsya, dadhikṣoṇaḥ, hariḥ, tarumṛgaḥ, nagāṭanaḥ, jhampī, jhampārukalipriyaḥ, kikhiḥ, śālāvṛkaḥ vanyapaśuḥ yaḥ vṛkṣe vasati bhramati ca। vālī nāma vānaraḥ rāmeṇa hataḥ।
ruk	viṣama, asama, asamāna, aślakṣṇa, rukṣa, rūkṣa yasya pṛṣṭhabhāgaḥ samatalaḥ nāsti। takṣakaḥ viṣamaṃ pṛṣṭhabhāgaṃ gharṣitvā samatalīkaroti।
ruk	darvikaḥ, camasaḥ, camasaṃ, darviḥ, darvī, dārvī, kambiḥ, khajaḥ, khajikā, pāṇikā, sruc, sruk laghuḥ camasaḥ। mātā darvikena bālaṃ dugdhaṃ pāyayati।
ruk	jāgaruka yaḥ jāgarti। rāṣṭrasya unnatyarthe deśavāsibhiḥ jāgarukaiḥ bhavitavyam।
ruk	jhillikā, jhirī, cīlīkā, jhīrukā, cīllī, cīrī kīṭaviśeṣaḥ yaḥ jhirijhirī iti avyaktaśabdena śabdāyate। jhillikāyāḥ śabdena karṇaśūlaḥ ajāyata।
ruk	jihma, vakra, tiryañc, añcita, arāla, ānata, ābhogin, kuñcita, kuṭila, kuṭilaka, kubja, krukta, kṣveḍa, pratikuñcita, bandhura, bandhurita, manthara, vaṅkya, vijihma, vellita asaralaḥ vakratāpūrṇaḥ ca। mandiraṃ prati gamyamānā paddhatiḥ jihmā asti।
ruk	rukmiṇī, īḥ, ramā, sindhujā, sāmā, calā, hīrā, caṭhcalā, vṛṣākapāyī, capalā, indirā, lakṣmīḥ, padamālayā, padmā, kamalā, śrīḥ, haripriyā kṛṣṇasya rājñī vaidarbhaputrī ca। rukmiṇeḥ garbhāt pradyumnaḥ jātaḥ।
ruk	nindā, nindāvākyam, ākṣepaḥ, adhikṣepaḥ, nirbhartsanā, duruktiḥ, apavādaḥ, parivādaḥ, garhā, duṣkṛtiḥ, nindanam, avarṇaḥ, nirvvādaḥ, parīvādaḥ, upakrośaḥ, jugubhā, kutsā, garhaṇam, jugubhanam, kutsanam, apakrośaḥ, bhartsanam, avavādaḥ, dhikkriyā, garhaṇā kasyāpi vāstavikaṃ kalpitaṃ vā doṣakathanam। asmābhiḥ kasyāpi nindā na kartavyā।
ruk	devadāru, śakrapādapaḥ, paribhadrakaḥ, bhadradāru, drukilimam, pītudāru, dāru, dārukam, snigdhadāru, amaradāru, śivadāru, śāmbhavam, bhūtahāri, bhavadāru, bhadravat, indradāru, mastadāru, surabhūruhaḥ, surāvham, devakāṣṭham vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ- yasmāt tailaṃ prāpyate। devadāruṇaḥ kāṣṭham dṛḍham asti।
ruk	padīnam, ūrukam, āprapadīnam adhovastraviśeṣaḥ। śaitye ūrṇasya padīnam sukhadāyakaṃ bhavati।
ruk	rukṣatā, rukṣatva rukṣasya avasthā bhāvo vā। adya tena rukṣatayā vārtā kṛtā।
ruk	rukmī vidarbhadeśasya rājñaḥ bhīṣmakasya jyeṣṭhaḥ putraḥ। rukmī rukmiṇyaḥ bhrātā āsīt।
ruk	pṛśniparṇikā, pṛśniparṇī, pṛthakparṇī, citraparṇī, aṅghrivallikā, kroṣṭuvinnā, siṃhapucchī, kalaśiḥ, dhāvaniḥ, guhā, pṛṣṇiparṇī, lāṅgalī, kroṣṭupucchikā, pūrṇaparṇī, kalaśī, kroṣṭukamekhalā, dīrghā, śṛgālavṛntā, triparṇī, siṃhapucchikā, siṃhapuṣpī, dīrghapatrā, atiguhā, ghṛṣṭhilā, citraparṇikā, mahāguhā, śṛgālavinnā, dhamanī, dhāmanī, mekhalā, lāṅgūlikā, lāṅgūlī, lāṅgūlikī, pṛṣṭiparṇī, pṛṣṭaparṇī, dīrghaparṇī, aṅghriparṇī, dhāvanī, kharagandhā, kharagandhanibhā, gorakṣataṇḍulā, catuṣphalā, jhaṣā, dhāvanī, nāgabalā, mahāgandhā, mahāpattrā, mahāśākhā, mahodayā, viśvadevā, viśvedevā, hrasvagavedhukā, ghaṇṭā, ghoṇṭāphala, gorakṣataṇḍula, gāṅgerukī, golomikā, dyutilā, brahmaparṇī, rasālihā, śīrṇanālā, sumūlā, khagaśatruḥ, śvapuccham auṣadhopayogī latāviśeṣaḥ। pṛśniparṇikāyāḥ śvetavarṇayuktaṃ vartulākārarūpaṃ puṣpaṃ bhavati।
ruk	asnigdhadārukaḥ, asnigdhadāru devadāruvṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ। kānane asmin asnigdhadārukāṇām ādhikyaṃ vartate।
ruk	kurukṣetram dhārmikeṣu grantheṣu varṇitaṃ tad sthānaṃ yatra kauravapāṇḍavayoḥ yuddhaṃ sañjātam। kurukṣetraṃ dehalyāḥ samīpe asti।
ruk	cārukeśī ekā apsarāḥ। cārukeśīnāmikāyāḥ apsarasaḥ varṇanaṃ purāṇeṣu labhyate।
ruk	purukutsaḥ harivaṃśe varṇitaḥ ekaḥ sūryavaṃśī rājā। purukutsaḥ māndhātuḥ putraḥ āsīt।
ruk	dārukaḥ kṛṣṇasya ekaḥ sārathiḥ। dārukasya varṇanaṃ purāṇeṣu vartate।
ruk	rukmamālī bhīṣmakasya ekaḥ putraḥ। rukmamālī śrīkṛṣṇasya patnyāḥ rukmiṇyāḥ bhrātā āsīt।
ruk	rukmamāhuḥ bhīṣmakasya ekaḥ putraḥ। rukmamālī rukmamāhuḥ ca bhrātarau।
ruk	rukmarathaḥ bhīṣmakasya ekaḥ putraḥ। rukmarathasya varṇanaṃ purāṇeṣu vartate।
ruk	rukmarathaḥ śalyasya ekaḥ putraḥ। rukmarathasya varṇanaṃ purāṇeṣu vartate।
ruk	rukmasenaḥ bhīṣmakasya ekaḥ putraḥ। rukmasenaḥ rukmaṇyāḥ anujaḥ āsīt।
ruk	gāṅgerukam gāṅgerukyāḥ bījam। gāṅgerukīṃ khādan api vānaraḥ gāṅgerukān nīcaiḥ pātayati।
ruk	punarukta punaḥ uktam। vyākhyātuḥ punaruktena kathanena mama bhramaḥ apagataḥ।
ruk	āvṛtta, punarukta yaḥ punaḥ uktaḥ। āvṛttaḥ pāṭhaḥ kaṇṭhasthībhūtaḥ।
ruk	punaruktam nyāyasiddhānte nigrahasthānaviśeṣaḥ। mama punaruktasya bodhaḥ nāsti।
ruk	rukṣatā, rukṣatvam, raukṣyam, pāruṣyam asamasya avasthā bhāvaḥ vā। avagaṇḍānāṃ kāraṇāt vadane rukṣatā āgatā।
ruk	pharukhābādanagaram uttarapradeśe vartamānam ekaṃ nagaram। ayaṃ kaviḥ pharukhābādanagarasya nivāsī।
ruk	pharukhābādamaṇḍalam uttarapradeśe vartamānam ekaṃ maṇḍalam। pharukhābādamaṇḍalasya mukhyālayaḥpharukhābādanagare asti।
ruk	kurukṣetramaṇḍalam bhāratasya hariyāṇārājye vartamānaṃ maṇḍalam। kurukṣetramaṇḍalasya mukhyālayaḥ kurukṣetre asti।
ruk	kurukṣetram, kurukṣetranagaram bhāratasya hariyāṇārājye vartamānaṃ nagaram। mahābhāratasya yuddhaṃ kurukṣetre jātam iti manyate।
ruk	kaśerukin yasya kaśerukadaṇḍaḥ asti। manuṣyaḥ kaśerukī prāṇī asti।
ruk	vānaraḥ, kapiḥ, plavaṅgaḥ, plavagaḥ, śākhāmṛgaḥ, valīmukhaḥ, markaṭaḥ, kīśaḥ, vanaukāḥ, markaḥ, plavaḥ, pravaṅgaḥ, pravagaḥ, plavaṅgamaḥ, pravaṅgamaḥ, golāṅgulaḥ, kapitthāsya, dadhikṣoṇaḥ, hariḥ, tarumṛgaḥ, nagāṭanaḥ, jhampī, jhampārukalipriyaḥ, kikhiḥ, śālāvṛkaḥ puṃjātiviśiṣṭavānaraḥ। saḥ manuṣyaḥ vānaraṃ vānarīṃ ca nartayati।
ruk	praśuśrukaḥ rāmasya pūrvajaḥ। praśuśrukaḥ maroḥ putraḥ āsīt।
ruk	jāgarukatā, sāvadhānatā jāgarukasya avasthā। janeṣu śikṣāyāḥ jāgarukatāyāḥ pracāraḥ kartavyaḥ।
ruk	ātmaghnaḥ, ātmaghātī, ātmahā, ātmaghātakaḥ, ātmatyāgī, ātmadhruk, jīvitatyāgī svam eva hanyamānaḥ। ātmaghnaḥ kaḥ asti iti ito'pi na jñāyate।
ruk	nāgabalā, gāṅgerukī, hrasvagavedhukā, gāṅgeruhī, gorakṣataṇḍulā, bhadrodanī, kharagandhā, catuḥpalā, mahodayā, mahāpatrā, mahāśākhā, mahāphalā, viśvadevā, aniṣṭā, devadaṇḍā, mahāgandhā, ghaṇṭā auṣadhīyaḥ kṣupaviśeṣaḥ। nāgabalā puruṣasya kāmaśaktiṃ vardhayati।
ruk	ārukam himācale vartamānaḥ prasiddhaḥ auṣadhīviśeṣaḥ। ārukasya upayogaḥ mūtrāvarodhasya nivāraṇe bhavati।
ruk	āśīḥ, āśāsyam, maṅgalecchā, āśīruktiḥ, āśīrvacanam, āśīrvādaḥ anyasya kasyāpi māṅgalyārthaṃ īśvare kṛtā prārthanā। kadācit auṣadhasya apekṣayā āśīḥ eva adhikā prabhāvaśālinī bhavati।
ruk	purukutsaḥ ekaḥ puruṣaḥ । purukutsasya ullekhaḥ ṛgvede vartate
ruk	kurukaḥ, rurukaḥ eko rājaputraḥ । kurukaḥ viṣṇupurāṇe ullikhitaḥ asti
ruk	kurukataḥ eka: puruṣaḥ । kurukataḥ gargādiṣu aśatikādiṣu gaṇeṣu paṭhitaḥ asti
ruk	bhīrukaḥ ekaḥ puruṣaḥ । bhīrukasya ullekhaḥ bauddhasāhitye vartate
ruk	perukaḥ ekaḥ puruṣaḥ । ṛgvede perukaḥ samullikhitaḥ/u॒ta ma॑ ṛ॒jre pura॑yasya ra॒ghvī su॑mī॒ḻhe śa॒taṃ pe॑ru॒ke ca॑ pa॒kvā
ruk	kurukaḥ, rurukaḥ eko rājaputraḥ । kurukaḥ viṣṇupurāṇe ullikhitaḥ asti
ruk	kurukataḥ eka: puruṣaḥ । kurukataḥ gargādiṣu aśatikādiṣu gaṇeṣu paṭhitaḥ asti
ruk	bharukaḥ, kurukaḥ, rurukaḥ ekaḥ rājaputraḥ । bhāgavata-purāṇe bharukaḥ ullikhitaḥ
ruk	bharukacchaḥ, bharukacchapaḥ, marukacchaḥ ekaḥ deśaḥ tasya deśasya nivāsinaḥ । mahābhārate tathā ca varāha-mihireṇa bharukacchasya ullekhaḥ prāpyate
ruk	sāmānyaniruktiḥ kṛtiviśeṣaḥ । sāmānyaniruktiḥ iti nāmakānāṃ naikāsāṃ kṛtīnām ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
ruk	gurukṣopaḥ ekaḥ rājaputraḥ । gurukṣopasya varṇanaṃ kośe vartate
ruk	marukacchaḥ ekaḥ deśaḥ । prācīna-bhāratīya-pradeśa-racanāyāṃ marukacchaḥ ullikhitaḥ
ruk	marukuccaḥ ekaḥ deśaḥ । varāha-mihirasya bṛhatsaṃhitāyāṃ marukuccaḥ ullikhitaḥ
ruk	urukṣayaḥ ekaḥ rājā । urukṣayasya ullekhaḥ viṣṇupurāṇe asti
ruk	cārukaḥ ekaḥ puruṣaḥ । cārukasya varṇanaṃ viṣṇupurāṇe vartate
ruk	niruktavṛttiḥ yāskācāryasya niruktam ityasya granthasya durgācāryeṇa racitaḥ ṭīkāgranthaḥ । niruktavṛtteḥ ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
ruk	niruktabhāṣyam ekaḥ ṭīkāgranthaḥ । niruktabhāṣyasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
ruk	niruktajaḥ putrāṇām ekaḥ vargaḥ । niruktajasya ullekhaḥ mahābhārate asti
ruk	dviruktikośaḥ ekaḥ kośaḥ । dviruktikośasya ullekhaḥ kośe vartate

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