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 | | atihṛṣṭa | pp. greatly rejoiced. | | | atiharṣula | a. highly rejoiced. | | | anavalambana | n. non-adher ence to, rejection. | | | anupapatti | f. not coming to pass, impossibility; a. inadmissible, impossible; -upa-panna, pp. unsuitable; unproved, in admissible; -upa-bhugyamâna, pr. pt. ps. not being enjoyed (riches); -upa-bhogya, fp. not to be enjoyed; -upama, a. incomparable; -upa-yat, pr. pt. not cohabiting with; -upa-yukta, pp. unserviceable, useless; unfit; -upa-yugyamâna, pr. pt. ps. good for nothing; -upayogin, a. unserviceable:(i)-tva, n. abst. n.; -uparodha, m. not prejudicing, not injur ing: -tas, ad. without inconvenience; -upa-lakshita, pp. unnoticed; -upalabdhi, f. non perception; imperceptibility; -upalambha, m. id.; -upasamhârin, a. non-exclusive (fallacious middle term); -upasarga, a. not combined with a preposition; -upa-skrita, pp. unprepared; simple; unfurnished with (in.); disinterested; blameless; -upa-hata, pp. healthy; undisputed: -½âtmaka, a.not dejected, cheerful; -upa-hita, pp. unconditioned, unappropriated. | | | anyathādarśana | n. wrong in vestigation (leg.); -prathâ, f. becoming dif ferent; -buddhi, f. prejudice; -bhâva, m. change; difference; -½abhidhâna, n. false evi dence; -vâdin, a. giving false evidence, rais ing a false suit: (di)-tva, n. abst. n.; -vritti, a. of changed mood, agitated; -sambhâvanâ, f. false supposition; distrust; -sambhâvin, a. distrustful; -siddha, pp. falsely proved; -siddhi, f. false proof; -stotra,n. ironical praise. | | | amogha | a. not vain, unerring; in fallible; -krodha-harsha, a. not angry or rejoicing in vain; -darsana, a. not appearing in vain, i. e. bringing luck (Pr.); -patana, a. not falling in vain, hitting themark; -vakana, a. whose word is not idle. | | | arinandana | a. rejoicing one's foes. | | | aviruddha | pp. unhindered; un opposed to (in., g., --°ree;); not at enmity with; not unpleasant; -roddhri, a. not fighting; -rodha, m. no conflict with, no disadvantage for (--°ree;); -rodhin, a. not conflicting with, not prejudicing (g., --°ree;). | | | āhāra | a. (î) fetching; m. fetching, taking; food, sustenance (--°ree;, a. f. â): -m kri, take food; -dâna, n. giving of food; -nirgama sthâna, n. anus; -nihsarana-mârga, m. id.; -parityâga, m. rejection of food; -bhûmi, f. feeding-ground. | | | uccaiḥkula | n. high family; -pada, n. high position; -pramodam, ad. with loud rejoicings. | | | uttarottara | a. ever increas ing; following in succession: -m, ad. higher and higher; more and more; in constant suc cession; n. reply to answer, rejoinder; dis cussion: -bhâva, a. in which one is always above the other, -½ukta, pp. subsequently stated in each case. | | | girvaṇas | a. rejoicing in praise. | | | canasya | den. P. rejoice in (ac.): pp. kanasita, welcome! (voc.); gentle -(with N. of Brâhman, or, according to some, with that of a Kshatriya or Vaisya). | | | canas | n. gladness: only with dhâ, rejoice in (ac., lc.); grant. | | | tyāgin | a. abandoning, deserting; sacrificing: âtmanah, throwing away one's life, suicide; --°ree;, giving up, rejecting, renouncing. | | | nandin | a. (--°ree;) rejoicing in; glad dening; m. son (--°ree;); ep. of Siva; N. of an attendant of Siva; N. of Siva's bull. | | | nandaka | a. rejoicing in (--°ree;); m. N. of a bull; N. of a village. | | | nirasana | a. (î) casting out; n. driving away, expulsion; removal, abandon ment, rejection: î-ya, fp. to be expelled from (ab.); -asta, pp. of √ as, throw; -astra, a. unarmed; -asya, fp. deserving expulsion. | | | nirākaraṇa | n. expulsion; re pudiation of a wife; removal; disproval; -âkaranîya, fp. to be disproved; -âkari shnu, a. repudiating (ac.); seeking to remove from (ab.); forgetful; -âkartavya, fp. to be disproved; -âkartri, m. contemner of (g.); a. disproving; -âkâ&ndot;ksha, a. expecting nothing; having no desires; requiring no supplement; -âkâra, a. formless, bodiless; having no object, vacant; -âkula, a. not crowded, unfrequented; not confused, orderly; unconcerned, calm; -â kriti, a. formless; neglecting one's religious duties; -âkranda, a. unprotected; affording no protection; m. or n. unsheltered place; -âkri yâ, f.expulsion; disproval; -âgas, a. guiltless; -âgraha, a. not obstinately insisting on any thing; -âkikîrshu, des. a. wishing to refute any one (ac.); -âgîvya, a. affording no livelihood; -âdambara, ad. without much talk (°ree;--); -âta&ndot;ka, a. free from ailment or anxiety; causing no ailment or anxiety; -â- tapa, a. sheltered from the heat of the sun, shady; -âtapatra, a. destitute of an umbrella; -âtithya, n. inhospitable (forest); -âdara, a.showing no respect towards (lc.); -âdhi, a. free from care; -ânanda, a. joyless, sad; -ântra, a. disembowelled; -âpad, a. free from adversity; -âbâdha, a. undisturbed; harm less; frivolous, futile; -âmaya, m. health, welfare; a. healthy, well; salubrious; in fallible; -âmarsha, a. putting up with every thing, apathetic; -âmisha, a. fleshless; hav ing no sensual desires: -½âsin, a. not eating flesh, not carnivorous; -âyata-tva, n. lack of extension, shortness; -âyati, a. having no future; -âyâsa, a. involving no trouble; causing no fatigue; -âyudha, a. unarmed; -ârambha, a. unenterprising, inactive; -â lamba, a. having no support; suspended in the air; self-supported, isolated, affording no support; -âlâpa, a. not talking; -âloka, a. devoid of light, dark; blind, foolish; -âvar ana, a. uncovered, manifest; -âsa, a. having given up all hope or expectation, despairing (of, ac. with prati, d., ab., lc., or --°ree;): -kara, a. taking away all hope of, rendering impos sible, -tva, n. hopelessness; -âsa&ndot;ka, a. fear less; not afraid of (lc.); -âsa&ndot;kya, fp. not to be feared; -âsâ, f. renunciation of all hopes: -½âsanna, pp. verging on despair; -âsitva, n. despair; -âsin, a. having renounced all hope, hopeless; -âsis, a. having no desires or hopes; -âsî-bhû, lose all hope; -âsrama, a. being in none of the four stages of a Brâh man: -pada, a. having no hermitages (forest); -âsramin, a. id.; -âsraya, a. shelterless, un supported; independent; unprotected; -âsa, m. expulsion, exclusion, rejection, repudiation; -âstha, a. taking no interest in, not caring about (--°ree;); -âhâra, m. fasting; a. abstaining from food, having nothing to eat: -tâ, f. abst. n. | | | paramaśobhana | a. exceedingly beautiful; -samhrishta, pp. exceedingly rejoiced; -hamsa, m. ascetic of the highest order; universal soul; -½akshara, n. syllable om or the Absolute; -½a&ndot;ganâ, f. most excellent woman. | | | paripaṇa | n. playing for (--°ree;); -pat ana, n. flying about, hovering; -pantha-ka, m. (obstructor of one's path), adversary, enemy; -pantha-ya, den. P. oppose, resist (ac.); -panthín, a. besetting one'spath; m. waylayer, opponent, enemy; -panthî-bhû, become the adversary of, oppose (g.); -pava na, n. cleansing (of grain), winnowing; flail; -pasavya, a. relating to the sacrificial animal; -pâka, m. becoming fully cooked; digestion; ripening; maturity; perfection; consequence, effect; fulness, fulfilment (of time): -tas, ab. in consequence of; -pâkana, a. cooking fully; maturing; -pâkayitri, a. id.; -pâtala, a. very pale-red; -pât&ibrevcirc;, f. succession; -pâtha, m. complete enumeration: in. (know) com pletely; -p&asharp;na, n. hiding-place; -pândiman, m. extreme whiteness; -pându, a. very white or pale: -ra, a. very white; -pârsva, a.being at the side, close at hand: -vartin, a. remain ing at one's side, standing beside (g.); -pâ laka, a. protecting; maintaining; -pâlana, n. protection; maintenance; nurture: â, f. protection, nurture, î-ya, fp. to be guarded; -maintained; -pâlya, fp. to be protected; -maintained or observed; -pi&ndot;gî-kri, colour deep red-brown; -piñga, a. full of (in.); -piñg ara, a. brownish-red, orange-coloured; -pi pâlayishâ, f. desire to maintain; -pîdana, n. squeezing out; injuring, prejudicing (--°ree;); -pushta-tâ, f. being nourished by, feeding on (--°ree;); -pûti, f. complete purification; -pûra ka, a. fulfilling; bestowing abundance; -pûr ana, n. filling; completion; -pûrin, a. be stowing abundantly; -pûrna, pp. (√ 1. pri) filled with (--°ree;); -pûrnendu, m. full moon; -pûrti, f. becoming full of (--°ree;); completion; -pelava, a. very delicate, tiny; -pothaka, a.furthering, confirming; -poshanîya, fp. to be cherished; -prasna, m. enquiry, after (--°ree;); -prâpti, fp. obtainment; -prepsu, des. a. wishing to reach or obtain, seeking after, de siring (ac.); -plavá, a. running to and fro;m. fluctuation; -pluta, pp. (√ plu) over whelmed; bathed (in tears: --°ree;). | | | pratikṣaṇam | ad. every mo ment or instant, continually; -kshapam, ad. every night; -kshipta-tva, n. repudiation, rejection; -kshetra, n. spot, place: lc. in the place of (g.); -kshepa, m. contest; combat ing (--°ree;); rejection; -kshepana, n. combating (--°ree;); -kshonibhrit, m. opposition king. | | | prativighāta | m. warding off; -vitapam, ad. for every branch; -vidyam, ad. at every doctrine; -vidhâtavya, fp. to be employed; -provided against; n. impl. one should take care; -vidhâna, n.counter action, prevention, precaution against (g. or --°ree;); care or provision for (--°ree;); -vidhi, m. remedy for (--°ree;); -vidhitsâ, f. desire or in tention to counteract; -vidheya, fp. to be done against; -rejected; n. impl. one should take precautions; one should take measures against (lc.); -viparîta, pp. exactly opposite; -vibhâga, m. distribution, apportionment; -virati, ad. on each cessation or disappear ance; -visesha, m.peculiarity, particular circumstance; -viseshana, n. detailed speci fication; -visva, a. pl. all and sundry: lc. in all cases; -visha, a. containing an antidote; -vishaya, m. pl. all objects of sense: °ree;-or -m, ad. with regard to each individual object of sense; -vîta, pp. √ vyâ; -vîra, m. op ponent; equal antagonist; -vrittântam, ad. according to the saying, as they say; -vri sha, m. hostile bull; -vedam, ad. in the case of or for every Veda; -vedântam, ad. in every Upanishad; -velam, ad. at every opportunity; -vesa, a. neighbouring; aux iliary, subordinate, minor; m. neighbour; neighbouring house; -vesin, a. neighbouring; m. neighbour; -vesma, ad. in every house; -vesman, n. neighbouring house; -vesya, m. neighbour; -vaira, n. counter-hostility, re venge; -vodhavya, fp. to be carried home. | | | prativaktavya | fp. to be replied to; to be given (answer); to be combated or disputed; to be contradicted (person); -vak ana, n. answer, reply, to (g. or --°ree;): î-kri, give as an answer, reply with (ac.); -vakas, n. answer; -vatsara, m. year; -vatsaram, ad. every year; -vaditavya, fp. to be com bated or disputed; -vanam, ad. in every forest; -vat, a. containing the word &open;prati;&close; -vanitâ, f. female rival; -varna, m. each caste: -m, ad. for every caste; -varnika, a. having a corresponding colour, similar; -var sha, °ree;-or -m, ad. every year; -vallabhâ, f. female rival, concubine; -vasati, ad. in or on every house; -vastu, n. corresponding thing, equivalent, compensation: -½upamâ, f. parallel simile (rh.); -vahni-pradakshi- nam, ad. at every circumambulation of the fire from left to right; -vâkya, n. answer; -vâk, f. yelling orbarking at (pl.); answer; -vâkita, n. answer; -vâta, m. wind blowing in front: -m, ad. against the wind; lc. to the leeward; -vâda, m. refusal, rejection; -vâd in, a. contradicting; refractory; m. oppo nent; defendant (in a lawsuit); -vârana, 1. a. warding off; n. keeping off; 2. hostile elephant; -vârttâ, f. news; -vârya, fp. to be warded off (--°ree;); -vâsaram, m. daily. | | | pratiṣeddhavya | fp. to be re strained; -denied; -sheddhri, m. preventer, restrainer, of (g., sts. ac. of thing); -shedha, m. prevention, determent, restrainment; pro hibition; annulment, negation; negative; refusal: -ka, a. (ikâ) keeping off, forbidding; negativing; -shedana, a. warding off; n. preventing, deterring, restraining, from (ab.); prohibition against (ab.); rejection, refuta tion; -shedanîya, fp. to be restrained or prevented; -shedhayitri, a. (trî) negativing; -shedha½akshara, n. refusal; -shedha½ât maka, a. having a negative form; -she dha½apavâda, m. annulment of a prohibition; -shedha½arthîya, a. having the meaning of a negation; -shedha½ukti, f. negative or pro hibitory expression; -shedha½upamâ, f. com parison having a negative form; -shedhya, fp. to be prevented, prohibited, or rejected; -denied; -shtambha, m.obstruction, hind rance, impediment; annulment; -shtambh in, a. impeding (--°ree;); -shthá, a. steadfast; resisting; -shthâ, f. standing still; stead fastness, stability, perseverance in (--°ree;); stand ing-place, position; repository; foundation; support; abiding-place, homestead, dwelling; pediment, foot (of men or animals); tran quillity; pre-eminence; standing, high posi tion; accession to the throne; erection of an image or Li&ndot;ga;N. of various metres: (â) kâma, a. desiring a fixed abode or high position; -shth&asharp;na, n. firm standing-place, foundation; pedestal, foot; founding of a city; N. of a town situated at the confluence of the Ganges and the Yamunâ; m. N. of a locality on the Godâvarî (the Paithana of the Greeks); -shthâpana, n. erection of an image; establishment, corroboration: â, f. counter-assertion, statement of an antithesis; -shthâpayitavya,fp. to be placed; -shth&asharp;p ya, fp. to be placed or based on (lc.); to be entrusted to (d. or lc.); -shthâsu, des. a. in tending to depart; -shthí, f. resistance; -shthita, pp. (√ sthâ) famous, celebrated; expert in (lc.):-pada, n. having verses (pâdas) containing a fixed number of sylla bles); -shthiti, f. firm stand or footing. | | | pratyākalita | (pp.) n. counter investigation: judicial consideration as to which of the litigants is to prove his case, after the defendant has pleaded; -kshepaka, a. mocking, deriding; -khyâta,pp. rejected, refused: -tva, n. rejection; -khyâtavya, fp. to be impugned or denied; -khyâtri, m. re fuser; -khyâna, n. rebuff, rejection; refusal; combating (feelings, etc.); impugnment, de nial, disavowal; -khyâyin, a.rejecting (--°ree;); -khyeya, fp. to be repelled or rejected; curable (disease); -gati, f., -gama, m. return; -gamana, n. coming back, return, to (--°ree;); -ghâta, m. repulse; -kakshâna-ka, a. in tending to dispute anything (ac.); -kâra, m. corresponding conduct. | | | pratyanantara | a. being in the immediate neighbourhood of (g.); next in rank; m. next of kin, heir presumptive: -m, ad. immediately after (ab.); î-bhû, betake oneself close to (g.); -½anîka, a.(having one's face against), hostile, opposing (g.); prejudic ing, injuring; opposite; *rivalling; m. op ponent, enemy; n. hostile army; hostility, rivalry (sg. & pl.); retaliatory revilement of an enemy's following: -bhâva, m.condition of being the opposite; -½anumâna, n. counter or opposite inference; -½anuyoga, m. counter question; -½anta, m. boundary: pl. barbar ous tribes: -desa, m. frontier country; -½an tarî-bhû, betake oneself close to any one (*g.); -½antât, ad. to the end in each case; -½antika, a. situated on the frontier. | | | pratyātāpa | m. sunny spot; -½âtma, °ree;-or -m, ad. for or in every soul; singly; -½âtmaka, -½âtmika, a. belonging to oneself, severally one's own; -½âtmya, n. likeness to oneself: in. after his own image; -½âdarsa, m. incorrect for pratyâdesa; -½âdâna, n. re covery, re-acquisition; reiteration, repetition; -½âditya, 1. m. mock sun; 2. ad, towards the sun (°ree;--); -½âditsu, des. a. desirous of gaining or regaining; -½âdeya, fp. to be received; -½âdesa, m. injunction, order; repudiation, rejection; refusal; prevention, determent, (deterrent) example; casting into the shade, eclipsing. | | | pratyukta | pp. √ vak; n. answer: -tva, n. refutation; -½ukti, f. reply; -½uggîv ana, n. revival; resuscitation; -½uta, ad. on the contrary, rather, even; -½utkarsha, m. surpassing; -½úttabdhi, f.supporting, propping; -½uttambha, m.: -na, n. id.; -½ut tara, n. reply to an answer, rejoinder; an swer; -½uttarî-karana, n. making a reply, answer; -½uttarî-kri, answer; -½utthâna, n. rising up to meet (a guest), respectful recep tion; rising up against, hostility; -½uttheya, fp. to whom respect should be shown by rising; -½utpanna, pp. prompt, ready: -mati, a. possessed of presence of mind; m. Ready wit, N. of a fish; -½udadhi,ad. at the sea; -½udâharana, n. counter-example; -½udâ hârya, fp. to be given as a counter-example; -½udgati, f., -½udgama, m.: -na, n. going to meet, esp. as a mark of respect; -½udgaman îya, fp. suitable for the respectful reception of a guest; -½udyama, m. counter-weight, balance; -½udyamin, a. balancing; -½udyâ tri, m. assailant; -½udyâmín, a. rebellious; -½unnamana, n. rebounding. | | | pramukti | f. liberation; -mukha, a. having the face turned towards (ac.); foremost, first, chief, principal: gnly. --°ree;, having as the foremost=preceded or led by, and so forth; n. beginning (of a chapter); present time: lc. in front, opposite (w. g. or --°ree;): °ree;--, before one's face, in one's presence; -tas, ad. in front, at the head; opposite; in the presence of, before (g. or --°ree;); -múd, f. pleasure, de light; joy of love; -mudita, pp. √ mud; n. mirth, gaiety: -vat, act. pp. (he) rejoiced. | | | prahṛta | pp. √ hri; n. combat with (--°ree;); -hrishta, pp. greatly rejoiced, de lighted: -manas, a. having a delighted mind or heart, exceedingly glad, -roman, a. having the hair of one's body erect,m. N. of an Asura, -½âtman, a. having a joyful mind. | | | prahaṇana | n. striking; -hata, pp. (√ han) struck, beaten, etc.; -hati, f. stroke, blow; -hantavya, fp. to be killed; -han trí, a. striking down (ac.); -hara, m. (stroke on a gong), watch (period of about three hours): -ka, m. id.; -harana, n. strik ing, beating; pecking; attacking; combat; removing, dispelling; weapon; -haranîya, fp. to be attacked; -removed or expelled; n. weapon, missile; -hartavya, fp. to be at tacked; n. imps. one must strike or attack (d. or lc.); -hartri, m. sender; assailant, combatant, warrior; -harsha, m. great joy, rapture: -m kri, delight in (lc.); -harshana, a. causing (the hair of the body) to stand on end; making very glad, enrapturing; n. erection (of the hair of the body); joy, rap ture; -harsha-vat, a. rejoicing; -harshin, a. gladdening; -hasana, n. laughter; deri sion; kind of comedy, farce; -hasita, (pp.) n. breaking out into a laugh; -hasta, m. hand with extended fingers; a. long-handed; m. N.; -hâna, n. 1. abstraction, speculation; 2. abandonment, avoidance; -hâni, f. dis appearance; -hâtavya, fp. to be abandoned; -hâra, m. stroke, blow, thump, cut, thrust, shot, kick (with, --°ree;; on, lc., sts. --°ree;): -da, a. giving a blow to, striking (--°ree;), -varman, m. N. of a prince, -½ârta, pp. wounded; -hârin, a. striking, with (--°ree;); fighting against (g. or --°ree;); m. good fighter; -hâsa, m. laughter; derision, irony; -hasín, a. laughing, derisive. | | | bādha | m. tormentor; resistance; m., â, f. pain, affliction, distress, suffering, annoyance, from (ab. or --°ree;); injury, damage, hurt, prejudice to (--°ree;); exclusion from (--°ree;); obstruction, annulment, suspension; contra diction, absurdity; -aka, a. (ikâ) distressing, harassing; injuring, prejudicing; setting aside, annulling; m. a tree: -tva, n. annulment; -ana, a. harassing, distressing; n. annoyance, molestation, pain (sts. pl.); annulment; removal; hindrance to (d.): â, f. trouble, affliction; -anîya, fp. to be removed; -ayitri, m.: trî, f. injurer, oppressor; -itatva, n. annulment; -itavya, fp. to be distressed, afflicted, ortroubled; -annulled or removed; -itri, m. troubler, afflicter. | | | bhaṅga | a. breaking (V.1); m. breaking (also of waves), -down or off; plucking off; falling out; injury; fracture (of bones); separation, analysis (of words); bend, curve; collapse, downfall, fall, ruin, destruction, decay; interruption, disturbance; frustration, failure; infringement, diminution; non-performance (of an order); dispersion, discomfiture, rout, defeat (also in a lawsuit); fear; rejection, refusal; refutation; fragment; contraction, knitting (of the brows); fold; wave: -kara, a. breaking; m. breaker, infringer. | | | mahe | d. inf. to rejoice (RV.). | | | modana | a. gladdening; n. act of gladdening; -anîya, fp. to be rejoiced at; -in, a. glad, cheerful; gladdening (--°ree;). | | | yāpaka | cs. a. conferring, bestow ing; -ana, cs. a. causing to pass; alleviat ing; supporting life; n., â, f. causing time to pass by, delay, procrastination; allevia tion; support, maintenance; practice, exer cise; -ayitavya, cs. fp. (to be rejected), trifling, unimportant; -ya, cs. fp. to be dis charged or expelled (witness); to be alleviated (disease); trifling, unimportant; base (action). | | | līlāya | den. play, sport, amuse oneself: pp. i-ta, sporting, rejoicing; n. sport, amusement; exploit easily accom plished. | | | varāka | a. (î) [rejected: √ 1. vri] wretched, miserable, pitiable (gnly. of living beings); vile (gold). | | | vidāra | m. tearing or hewing in pieces: -ka, a. tearing, cleaving, lacerating; -dârana, a. (î) rending, cleaving, ripping up, crushing; n. id.; boring, piercing, cutting down (branches etc.); refusal, rejection; -dârin, a. (n-î) cleaving, shattering, etc.; -dârva or -dârvya, m. N. of a snake demon; -dâsin, a. [√ das] drying up (only in a-); -dâha, m. heat. | | | vidhūta | pp. (√ dhû) shaken, etc.; n. repugnance; -dhûti, f. shaking, agitation; -dhûnana, a. (î) causing to shake; n. shak ing; surging; refusal, rejection; -dhûma, a. smokeless, not smoking (fire): lc. when no smoke rises from the kitchen; m. N. of a Vasu. | | | vimati | f. divergence of opinion, regarding (lc.); aversion; a. dull, stupid: -tâ, f. stupidity; -matsara, a. free from jealousy; -mada, a. free from intoxication, grown sober; free from rut; free from pride; á, m. N. of a protégé of the gods; N. of a composer of Vedic hymns; (ví)-madhya, n. (?) middle; -manas, a. out of one's senses, beside oneself, discomposed, downcast, dis consolate; -manâ-ya, den. Â. be disconsolate or downcast; -manî-kri, make angry; -man yu, a. free from anger; -marda, m. crush ing, bruising, rubbing, friction; trampling; conflict, encounter, scuffle, fight; destruction, devastation; interruption, disturbance of (--°ree;); contact (rare); refusal, rejection (rare); total eclipse (rare); -marda-ka, a. crushing, destroying; m. N.; -mardana, a. pressing, crushing; destroying; m. N. of a fairy; n. crushing; encounter, conflict; destruction, devastation; -mardin, a. (--°ree;) shattering, destroying, devastating; dispelling; -marsa, m. examination, consideration, reflection; discussion; intelligence (rare); crisis in the plot (of a play); -marsana, n. examination, reflection. | | | vṛttyanuprāsa | m. alliteration; -½artham, ad. for the sake of a subsistence; -½uparodha, m. prejudice to maintenance; -½upâya, m. means of subsistence. | | | vṛdha | a. rejoicing (RV.); m. glad dener, increaser, friend (RV.). | | | vṛdhasāna | RV. pt. (√ vridh) growing; rejoicing. | | | vyuccha | pr. base, √ 3. vas; -½ukkh- antî, f. pr. pt. id.; -½ukkhân, 3 pl. pr. subj. √ 3. vas; -½ukkhiti, f. interruption; -½uk- kheda, m. id.; -½úkya, fp. n. imps. [√ vak] one should interrupt (V.); -½ũta, pp. √ 4. vâ; -½utkrama, m. transgression; inverted order; -½utkrânta, pp. (√ kram) departed: -gîvita, a. whose life has departed, lifeless; -½ut-thâ tavya, fp. n. one should desist from; -½ut thâna, n. awaking (a certain stage in Yoga); neglect of duties; -½utpatti, f. derivation, etymology; growth in knowledge, education, culture, comprehensive learning: -mat, a. cultured; -½utpâdaka, a. deriving, explaining etymologically; -½utpâdana, n. derivation from (ab.); -½utpâdya, fp. to be derived; - explained; -½udaka, a. waterless; -½udâsa, m. abandonment (rare); rejection, exclusion; end (rare); -½uparama, m.tranquillization, cessation; close (of day); -½upasama, m. cessation; -½ushita, pp. 1. √ vas, dwell; 2. √ vas, shine; n. daybreak (only lc.); -½ũsh- ta, pp. (√ vas) dawned etc.; (ví)-½ushti, f. flush of dawn (V.); reward for (g., lc., --°ree;), requital (good or evil); grace, beauty (rare). | | | samud | a. rejoicing. | | | saharṣa | a. rejoicing, glad: -m, ad. joyfully: -mrigayu-grâma-ninâda-maya, a. filled with the shouts of the rejoicing throng of hunters; -sâdhvasam, ad. with joy and yet alarm; -½âkûtam, ad. joyfully and emphatically. | | | sormi | a. having waves, billowy, surging; speeding along (horses); -½ullâsa, a. delighted, rejoicing: -m, ad. joyfully; -½ulluntha, a. ironical, sarcastic: -m, ad. ironically; -½ûsha, a. mixed with salt earth; -½ûshma-tâ, f. heat; aspiration (gr.); -½ûsh man, a. warm, hot; aspirated; m. aspirate; -½ûshma-snâna-griha, n. room with hot baths, bath-room. | | | hṛṣṭacitta | a. rejoiced at heart; -pushta½a&ndot;ga, a. frisky and fat(-bodied); -roman, a. having the hair of the body erect; m. N. of an Asura. | | | heya | fp. [√ 2. hâ] to be left, abandoned, avoided, rejected, or eschewed. | |
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| | āktākṣya | Is mentioned as a teacher who had peculiar views on the fire ritual (agni-citi), which are rejected in the śatapatha Brāhmana. | | | ūrṇāvatī | In the hymn of the Rigveda which celebrates the rivers Ludwig finds a reference to an affluent of the Indus called Urnāvatī. This interpretation, however, seems certainly wrong. Roth renders the word merely as ‘ woolly,’ and Zimmer rejects Ludwig’s explanation on the ground that it throws the structure of the hymn into confusion. Pischel makes the word an epithet of the Indus, ‘rich in sheep.’ | | | oṣadhi | Roughly speaking, the vegetable world is divided in Vedic literature between Osadhi or Vīrudh ‘plants’ and Vana or Vrksa ‘trees.’ Osadhi is employed in opposition to Vīrudh to denote plants as possessing a healing power or some other quality useful to men, while Vīrudh is rather a generic term for minor vegetable growths, but sometimes, when occurring beside Osadhi, signifies those plants which do not possess medicinal properties. A list of the minor parts of which a plant is made up is given in the later Samhitās. It comprises the root 0mfdd), the panicle (tfda), the stem (kāηda), the twig (valśa), the flower (puspa), and the fruit (phala), while trees have, in addition, a corona (skaηdha), branches [śākhā), and leaves (parηa). The Atharvaveda gives an elaborate, though not very intelligible, division of plants into those which expand (pra-strηatīh), are bushy (stambiηīh), have only one sheath (eka-śtmgāh), are creepers (pra-taηvatīh), have many stalks (amśumatīh), arejointed (kāndinīh), or have spreading branches (vi-śākhāh). In the Rigveda plants are termed ‘ fruitful ’ (phalinīh), blossom¬ing ’ (puspavatīh), and ‘ having flowers ’ (pra-sūvarīh). | | | gaṅgā | The modern Ganges, is mentioned directly in the Rigveda only once, in the Nadī-stuti or Praise of Rivers.’ But it is also referred to in the derivative form gāúgyah as an epithet of Urukaksa. The name of this river does not occurin the other Samhitās, but appears in the śatapatha Brāhmana, where victories of Bharata Dauhsanti on both Gañgā and Yamunā are referred to, and in the Taittirīya Aranyaka especial honour is assigned to those who dwell between the Gañgā and the Yamunā, this being, no doubt, the region in which that text originated. The identification of the Gañgā with the Apayā made by Ludwig must be rejected: see Apayā. | | | gāndhāra | A king of Gandhāra ’ named Nagnajit, is mentioned in the Aitareya Brāhmana. In the śatapatha Brāhmana he or some descendant figures as Svarjit Nāgnajita or Nagnajit, and as giving an opinion on the ritual, which is rejected with the observation that the author was merely a princely person (rājaηya-baηdhu). | | | graha | (‘Seizing ’) is a term applied to the sun in the śatapatha Brāhmana, most probably not in the later sense of ‘ planet,’ but to denote a power exercising magical influence. The sense of ‘ planet ’ seems first to occur in the later literature, as in the Maitrāyanī Upanisad. The question whether the planets were known to the Vedic Indians is involved in obscurity. Oldenberg recognizes them in the Adityas, whose number is, he believes, seven : sun, moon, and the five planets. But this view, though it cannot be said to be impossible or even unlikely, is not susceptible of proof, and has been rejected by Hillebrandt, Pischel, von Schroeder,Macdonell, and Bloomfield, among others. Hillebrandt sees the planets in the five Adhvaryus mentioned in the Rigveda, but this is a mere conjecture. The five bulls (uksānah) in another passage of the Rigveda have received a similar interpretation with equal uncertainty, and Durga, in his commentary on the Nirukta, even explains the term bhūmija, ‘ earth-born,’ which is only mentioned by Yāska, as meaning the planet Mars.Thibaut, who is generally sceptical as to the mention of planets in the Veda, thinks that Brhaspati there refers to Jupiter; but this is extremely improbable, though in the Taittirīya Samhitā Brhaspati is made the regent of Tisya. A reference to the planets is much more probable in the seven suns (sapta sūryāh) of the late Taittirīya Áranyaka. On the other hand, Ludwig’s efforts to find the five planets with the sun, the moon, and the twenty-seven Naksatras (lunar mansions) in the Rigveda, as corresponding to the number thirty-four used in connexion with light19 (jyotis) and the ribs of the sacrificial horse, is far¬fetched. See also Sukra, Manthin, Vena. | | | cyavana | Are variant forms of the name of an ancient Ṛṣi, or seer. The Rigveda represents him as an old decrepit man, to whom the Aśvins restored youth and strength, making him acceptable to his wife, and a husband of maidens. The legend is given in another form in the śatapatha Brāh¬mana, where Cyavana is described as wedding Sukanyā, the daughter of śaryāta. He is there called a Bhrgu or Añgirasa, and is represented as having been rejuvenated by immersion in a pond—the first occurrence of a motive, later very common in Oriental literature. Another legend about Cyavāna is apparently alluded to in an obscure hymn of the Rigveda, where he seems to be opposed to the Paktha prince Tūrvayāna, an Indra worshipper, while Cyavāna seems to have been specially connected with the Aśvins. This explanation of the hymn, suggested by Pischel, is corroborated by the Jaiminīya Brāhmana, which relates that Vidanvant, another son of Bhrgu, supported Cyavana against Indra, who was angry with him for sacrificing to the Aśvins; it is also note¬worthy that the Aśvins appear in the śatapatha Brāhmana as obtaining a share in the sacrifice on the suggestion of Sukanyā. But a reconciliation of Indra and Cyavana must have taken place, because the Aitareya Brāhmana relates the inauguration of śāryāta by Cyavana with the great Indra consecration (aindrena mahābhisekena). In the Pañcavimśa Brāhmaça Cyavana is mentioned as a seer of Sāmans or Chants. | | | tugrya | Occurs in the Rigveda as a patronymic of Bhujyu, but also in a passage in which no reference to Bhujyu appears to be meant, and in which it may mean ‘ a man of the house of Tugra.’ A similar sense seems to occur in the locative plural feminine in the Rigveda, where (supplying viksu) the meaning must be ‘among the Tugrians.’ This explanation may also apply to the epithet of Indra or Soma, tugryā-vrdh, ‘ rejoicing among the Tugrians. | | | parivṛkta | Are variant forms of the name of the rejected one among the royal wives. See Pati. | | | bṛhaspati | ‘Lord of prayer,’ is the name of a god in the Vedic texts. The view of Thibaut, that the name designates the planet Jupiter, is certainly not supported by good evidence. Oldenberg seems clearly right in rejecting it. | | | bhiṣaj | ‘Physician is a word of common occurrence in the Rigveda and later. There is no trace whatever in the former text of the profession being held in disrepute: the Aśvins, Varuṇa, aṇd Rudra are all called physicians. On the other hand, in the Dharma literature this profession is utterly despised. This dislike is found as early as the Yajurveda Sarphitās, where the Aśvins are condemned because of their having to do with the practice of medicine (bhe§aja), on the ground that it brings them too much among men, an allusion to the caste dislike of promiscuous contact. despised. This dislike is found as early as the Yajurveda Sarphitās, where the Aśvins are condemned because of their having to do with the practice of medicine (bheṣaja), on the ground that it brings them too much among men, an allusion to the caste dislike of promiscuous contact. The Rigveda contains a hymn in which a physician celebrates his plants and their healing powers. Moreover, wonder¬ful cures are referred to as performed by the Aśvins: the healing of the lame and of the blind ; the rejuvenation of the aged Cyavana and of Puramdhi’s husband; the giving of an iron leg {jañghā āyasī) to Viśpalā, a deed only more wonderful if we assume that Viśpalā was a mare, as has been suggested by Pischel. It would in all probability be a mistake to assume that the Vedic Indians had any surgical skill: they no doubt applied simples to wounds, but both their medicine and their surgery must have been most primitive. All that the Atharvaveda shows in regard to medicine is the use of herbs combined with spells, and of water {cf. Jalāça), remedies Indo-European in character, but not of much scientific value. On the other hand, the knowledge of anatomy shown (see śarīra), though betraying grave inaccuracies, is not altogether insignificant; but that was due no doubt mainly to the practice of dissecting animals at the sacrifice.There is some evidence in the Rigveda that the practice of medicine was already a profession; this is supported by the inclusion of a physician in the list of victims at the Puruṣa- medha (‘human sacrifice’) in the Yajurveda. According to Bloomfield, a hymn of the Atharvaveda contains a physician’s deprecation of the use of home-made remedies instead of reliance on his professional training. | | | mṛtyu | ‘Death,’ is repeatedly mentioned in the Rigveda and later as a thing of terror. There are a hundred and one forms of death, the natural one by old age (jam), and a hundred others, all to be avoided. To die before old age (purā jarasah) is to die before the allotted span (purā āy«sa#),β the normal length of life being throughout Vedic literature spoken of as a hundred years. On the other hand, the evils of old age in the loss of physical strength were clearly realized : one of the feats of the Aśvins was to restore old Cyavāna to his former youth and powers, and another was the rejuvenation of Kali. The Atharvaveda is full of charms of all sorts to avert death and secure length of years (āytisya). The modes of disposing of the dead were burial and cremation (see Ag’nidag’dha). Both existed in the early Vedic period, as in Greece; but the former method was on the whole less favoured, and tended to be regarded with disapproval. The bones of the dead, whether burned or not, were marked by the erection of a tumulus (śmaáāna): the śatapatha Brāhmana preserves traces of strong differences of opinion as to the mode in which these tumuli should be constructed. There is little or no trace of the custom common in northern lands of sending the dead man to sea in a burning ship: the reference to a ship seems to point to mythical perils after death, not to the mode of burial. The life after death was to the Vedic Indian a repetition of the life in this world. He passed into the next world sarυa- tanuh sūñgah, ‘ with whole body and all his members,’ enjoying there the same pleasures as he had enjoyed on earth. Even in the Rigveda there are hints of evil awaiting evil-doers, but it is not until the Atharvaveda and the Brāhmaṇas that a hell of punishment is set out, and it is in the Brāhmaṇas that good and evil deeds are said to produce happiness or hell hereafter. But there is no hint of extinction in the Rigveda as the fate of the wicked, as Roth inclined to think. The Vedic poet not being deeply moral, his verses do not convey, as would those of a man convinced of sin, warnings of future judgment. | | | vrṣadamśa | ‘Strong-toothed,’ is the name of the cat in the Yajurveda Samhitās, where it figures as a victim at the Aśvamedha (‘ horse sacrifice’). It also appears in the Pañcavimśa Brāhmaṇa; the fact that the sneeze of the cat is here referred to renders it likely that the animal was already tamed. Geldner sees a house cat in the animal alluded to in a hymn of the Atharvaveda by a set of curious epithets, including vrsadatī, ‘ strong-toothed,’ but Whitney decisively rejects the idea that the hymn refers to the domestic cat. | | | sarpis | Denotes ‘melted butter,’ whether in a liquid or solidified condition, and not differing from Ghrta according to the St.Petersburg Dictionary. Roth there rejects the definition cited by Sāyaṇa in his commentary on the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, which discriminates Sarpis as the liquid and Ghṛta as the solid condition of the butter. The word is repeatedly mentioned in the Rigveda and later. | | | savyaṣṭhā | Are all various forms of the word for ‘car-fighter,’ as opposed to Sārathi, ‘charioteer,’ showing that, as was natural, the fighter stood on the left of the driver. The commentators are inclined to see in the Savyaṣthā merely another ‘charioteer/ but this is quite unjustifiable, and is perhaps due to later caste prejudice against a śūdra charioteer. | |
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