m. (4. ṛ-) "goer", a chariot, car, especially a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the anas-q.v), any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods), waggon, cart etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'f(ā-).)
(r/athas--) m. (r/athas-prob. a form of the genitive case; seev/anas-p/ati-) the"lord of chariots", a deity presiding over chariots or over pleasure and enjoyment
m. (prob. fr. bhagin-+ ratha-,"having a glorious chariot"), Name of an ancient king (son of dilīpa- and great-grandfather of sagara-, king of ayodhyā-;he brought down the sacred gaṅgā- from heaven to earth and then conducted this river to the ocean in order to purify the ashes of his ancestors, the 60,000 sons of sagara-; see) etc.
m.Name of a vāsiṣṭha- (supposed author of ), Auukr.
प्रथ
m. fame, celebrity (thāṃ-gam-or gā-,to become famous or celebrated ; prathāpahathāpaha-mfn.destroying fame )
प्रथम
mf(/ā-)n. (for pra-tama-,superl. of 1. pra-;rarely declined as a pronounexempli gratia, 'for example'm/asyāḥ-; me-; see) foremost, first (in time or in a series or in rank)
प्रथम
mf(/ā-)n. earliest, primary, original, prior, former
प्रथम
mf(/ā-)n. preceding, initial, chief, principal, most excellent etc.
प्रथम
mf(/ā-)n. often translatable adverbially = in the beginning of a compound (see below) and ( prathamamam-ind.) firstly, at first, for the first time
प्रथम
mf(/ā-)n. just, newly, at once, forthwith (also āt-)
प्रथम
mf(/ā-)n. formerly, previously (am-also as preposition with genitive case = before, exempli gratia, 'for example'; prathamam-anantaram-or paścāt-,first--afterwards; prathamam-tatas-,first--next)
प्रथम
m. (in gram., scilicetvarṇa-), the first consonant of a varga-, a surd unaspirate letter
प्रथम
m. (scilicetpuruṣa-), the first (= our 3rd) person or its terminations
रथः [रम्यतेनेन अत्र वा, रम्-कथन्; cf. Uṇ.2.2] 1 A carriage, chariot, car, vehicle; especially, a war-chariot. -2 A hero (for रथिन्); अपवातेषु पार्येषु त्रयस्ते$भावञ् रथाः Mb.1.2.92. -3 A foot. -4 A limb, part, member. -5 The body; cf. आत्मानं रथिनं विद्धि शरीरं रथमेव तु Kaṭh. 1.3.3. -6 A reed. -7 Pleasure, delight. -Comp. -अक्षः 1 a carriage-axle. -2 a measure of length (= 14 aṅgulas). -अङ्गम् 1 any part of a carriage. -2 particularly, the wheels of a carriage; रथो रथाङ्गध्वनिना विजज्ञे R.7.41; Ś.7.1. -3 a discus, especially of Viṣṇu; चक्रधर इति रथाङ्गमदः सततं विभर्षि भुवनेषु रूढये Śi.15.26. -4 a potter's wheel. (-ङ्गः) the ruddy goose. ˚आह्वयः, ˚आह्वानः, ˚नामकः, ˚नामन् m. the ruddy goose (चक्रवाक); रथाङ्गनामन् वियुतो रथाङ्गश्रोणिबिम्बया । अयं त्वां पृच्छति रथी मनोरथशतैर्वृतः ॥ V.4. 18; Ku.3.37; R.3.24; रथाङ्गाह्वानानां भवति विधुरम् Udb.; (the male bird is said by poets to be separated from the female at night, and to be united at sun-rise). ˚पाणिः N. of Viṣṇu; रथाङ्गपाणेः पटलेन रोचिषा Śi.1.21; दुरन्तवीर्यस्य रथाङ्गपाणेः Bhāg. -अभ्रः a reed cane. -अर्थकः a small carriage. -अश्वः a carriage-horse -आयुधकः a kind of bow. -आरोहः one who fights from a chariot. -ईशः a warrior fighting from a chariot. -ईषा, -शा the pole of a carriage; रथेषाश्च रथेषाभिः ... संगतैः सहिताः Mb.6.46.5. -उडुपः, -पम् the body of a chariot. -उद्वहः, -उपस्थः the seat of a chariot, the driving-box; रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् Bg.1.47. -कट्या, -कड्या an assemblage of chariots. -कल्पकः an officer who is in charge of a king's chariots. -करः, -कारः 1 a coachbuilder, carpenter, wheel-wright; रथकारः स्वकां भार्यां सजारां शिरसा- वहत् Pt.4.54. -2 N. of a caste called सौधन्वन (q. v.); तस्मादत्रैवर्णिको रथकारः ŚB. on MS.6.6.47; परिशेषाद- त्रैवर्णिको रथकारः स्यात् ŚB. on MS.6.1.44. ˚न्यायः The rule according to which the रूढ अर्थ is stronger than the यौगिक अर्थ; cf. योगाद्रूढिर्बलीयसी. This is discussed and established in connection with the word रथकार by Jaimini and शबर in MS.6.1.44-5. -सुटुम्बिकः, -कुटुम्बिन् m. a charioteer, coachman. -कूबरः, -रम् the pole or shaft of a carriage; कूबरा रथकूबरैः ... संगतैः सहिताः Mb.6. 46.5. -केतुः the flag of a chariot. -क्षोभः the jolting of a chariot; रथक्षोभपरिश्रमम् R.1.58. -गणकः an officer who counts chariots. -गर्भकः a litter, palanquin. -गुप्तिः f. a fence of wood or iron with which a chariot is provided as a protection from collision. -घोषः the rattling of a chariot. -चरणः, -पादः 1 a chariot-wheel; धृतरथचरणो$भ्ययाच्चलद्गुः Bhāg.1.9.37; Dk.2.7. -2 the सुदर्शन wheel; रथाङ्गे चन्द्रार्कौ रथचरणपाणिः शर इति Śivamahimna 18. -2 the ruddy goose. -चर्या chariot-exercise, the use of a chariot, travelling by carriage; अनभ्यस्त- रथचर्याः U.5; सारथे रथचर्यासु सज्जो भव सुशिक्षितः Bm.1.684. -जङ्घा the hinder part of a chariot. -ज्वरः a crow. -दुर्गम् the throng of chariots. -धुर् f. the shaft or pole of a chariot. -नाभिः f. the nave of the wheel of a chariot; रथनाभिरिवाभिख्यायेत Ait. Up.2.4.5. -नीडः the inner part or seat of a chariot. -पुंगवः a chief or distinguished warrior. -बन्धः 1 the fastenings or harness of a chariot. -2 a league of warriors. -महोत्सवः,
-यात्रा the solemn procession of an idol placed in a car (usually drawn by men). -मुखम् the forepart of a carriage. -युद्धम् 'a chariot-fight', a fight between combatants mounted on chariots. -योगः a team (of horses etc.) on a chariot; Bri. Up. -योजकः a charioteer, harnesser of a chariot. -वंशः a number of chariots. -वर्त्मन् n., -वीथिः f. highway, main road. -वारकः son of a Śūdra and a Sairandhrī. -वाहः 1 a carriagehorse. -2 charioteer. -विज्ञानम्, -विद्या the art of driving chariots. -शक्तिः f. the staff which supports the banner of a war-chariot; रथशक्तिं मुमोचासौ दीप्तामग्नि- शिखामिव Mb.1.6.13. -शाला a coach-house, carriageshed. -शास्त्रम्, -शिक्षा the art of driving a chariot, coachmanship. -सप्तमी the seventh day in the bright half of Māgha.
अतिरथः [अतिक्रान्तो रथं रथिनमू] An unrivalled warrior, fighting from his car (अमितान् योधयेद्यस्तु संप्रोक्तो$तिरथस्तु सः); दत्त्वा$भयं सो$तिरथः Ve.3.28. Several Atirathas are mentioned in Bhārata Udyogaparvan (रथातिरथसंख्यान- पर्ब 9) मद्रराजो महेष्वासः शल्यो मे$तिरथो मतः Mb.5.165.26.
अधिरथ [अध्यारूढो रथं रथिनं वा] Being on or over a car. -थः 1 A charioteer, driver. -2 N. of a charioteer who was king of Aṅga and foster-father of Karṇa. -थम् Ved. A cart-load.
अप्रतिरथ a. or -थः (A hero) who has no प्रतिरथ or rival warrior, a matchless or unrivalled warrior; दौष्यंतिमप्रतिरथं तनयं निवेश्य Ś.4.2, Ś.7,7.33. -2 Matchless; अप्रतिहतैस्तेजोभिः एकैकस्य योग्यता Mv.1.46. -थः N. of a Ṛiṣi (Composer of the hymn Rv.1.13); N. of a son of Rantināra. -थः, -थम् N. of a hymn composed by अ˚; यद्यात्रामङ्गलं साम तदप्रतिरथं विदुः.
ग्रथनम् 1 Coagulation, thickening, becoming obstructed or clogged with knotty lumps. -2 Stringing together. -3 Composing, writing; (ना also in these senses).
जयद्रथ: A king of the Sindhu district and brother-in-law of Duryodhana, having married Duhśalā, daughter of Dhṛitarāṣṭra. [Once while out on hunting, he chanced to see Draupadī in the forest, and asked of her food for himself and his retinue. Draupadī, by virtue of her magical sthālī, was able to supply him with materials sufficient for their break-fast. Jayadratha was so much struck with this act, as well as her personal charms, that he asked her to elope with him. She, of course, indignantly refused, but he succeeded in carrying her off, as her husbands were out on hunting. When they returned they pursued and captured the ravisher and released Draupadī, and he himself was allowed to go after having been subjected to many humiliations. He took a leading part in compassing the death of Abhimanyu, and met his doom at the hands of Arjuna in the great war.]
दाशरथ a. 1 Relating to sacrifice ['एकः पशुः, द्वौ पत्नी- यजमानौ, त्रयो वेदाः, चत्वार ऋत्विजः इति दशरथाश्च प्रचरन्ति यस्मिन्' com. on Mb.12.8.37. -महान् दाशरथः पन्थाः]. -2 A road affording space for ten waggons (according to M. W.).
दाशरथः dāśarathḥ दाशरथिः dāśarathiḥ
दाशरथः दाशरथिः 1 A son of Daśaratha in general R.1.44; अजीगणद्दाशरथं न वाक्यम् Bk. -2 N. of Rāma and his three brothers, but especially of Rāma; R. 12.45; प्रदीयतां दाशरथाय मैथिली Mahānāṭaka; यथा यथा दाशरथिर्धर्ममेवाश्रितो$भवत् । तथा तथा प्रकृतयो रामं पतिमकामयन् ॥ Rām.
द्वैरथम् 1 A single combat in chariots; एकः सुभद्रामा- रोप्य द्वैरथे कृष्णमाह्वयत् Mb.4.49.6. -2 A single combat in general. -थः An adversary; अलक्षितद्वैरथमत्यमर्षणं प्रचण्ड- वक्त्रं न बभाज कश्चन Bhāg.7.8.34.
प्रथम [प्रथ्-अमच्] (Nom. pl. m. प्रथमे or प्रथमाः) 1 First, foremost; मखांशभाजां प्रथमो मनीषिभिस्त्वमेव देवेन्द्र सदा निगद्यसे R.3.44; H.2.39; Ki.2.44. -2 First, chief, principal, most excellent or eminent, matchless, incomparable; Śi.15.42; एष वै प्रथमः कल्पः प्रदाने हव्यकव्ययोः Ms.3.147. -3 Earliest, most ancient, primary. -4 Prior, previous, former, earlier; प्रथमसुकृता- पेक्षया Me.17; नामधेयं गुरुश्चक्रे जगत्प्रथममङ्गलम् R.1.67. -5 (In gram.) The first person (= third person according to European phraseology). -मः 1 The first (third) person. -2 The first consonant of a class. -3 (In math.) The sum of the products divided by the difference between the squares of the cosine of the azimuth and the sine of the amplitude. -मा The nominative case. -मम् ind. 1 first, firstly, at first; उमास्तनो- द्भेदमनुप्रवृद्धो मनोरथो यः प्रथमं बभूव Ku.7.24; R.3.4. -2 Already, previously, formerly; प्रथमोदितम् aforesaid; तमभ्यनन्दत् प्रथमं प्रबोधितः प्रजेश्वरः शासनहारिणा हरेः R.3.68. -3 At once, immediately. -4 Before; यात्रायै चोदयामास तं शक्तेः प्रथमं शरत् R.4.24; उत्तिष्ठेत् प्रथमं चास्य चरमं चैव संविशेत् Ms.2.194. -5 Newly, recently, प्रथमम्-अनन्तरम् or ततः or पश्चात् first, afterwards; प्रथमात् firstly, for the first time; प्रथमतः 1 At first, firstly. -2 previously. -3 immediately. -4 before, in preference to (gen.) -Comp. -अर्धः, -र्धम् the first half. -आगामिन् a. first mentioned. -आदेशः placing at the beginning. -आश्रमः the first of the four stages in the religious life of a Brāhmaṇa; i. e. Brahmacharya; शरीरबद्धः प्रथमाश्रमो यथा Ku.5.3. -इतर a. 'other than first', the second. -उदित a. first uttered; उवाच धात्र्या प्रथमोदितं वचः R.3.25. -उत्पन्न a. first-born. -कल्पः 1 the best course to adopt. -2 an excellent suggestion or idea. -कल्पित a. 1 first thought out. -2 first in rank or importance. -कुसुमः white marjoran. -गर्भः a. pregnant for the first time, -गिरिः the Eastern mountain; द्वित्रेषु द्युमणिकरेषु शेखरत्वं प्राप्तेषु प्रथमगिरिः प्रयाति सो$यम् Rām. Ch.7.49. -ज a. 1 first-born. -2 original, primary. -दर्शनम् first sight. -दिवसः the first day; आषाढस्य प्रथमदिवसे Me.2. -नवनीतम् 1 the butter which appears first after churning. -2 the milk of a cow at the time when hundred days have elapsed after her delivery. -निर्दिष्ट p. p. first mentioned. -पुरुषः the first person (= third person according to the English system of treating Sanskrit grammar); अथवा अस्तिर्भवतीतिपरः प्रथमपुरुषे प्रयुज्यमानो$प्यस्तीति ŚB. on MS.11.2.2. -मङ्गल a. highly auspicious. -यौवनम् early youth or age, youthful state. -वयस् n. early age, youth. -वसतिः the original home. -वित्ता Ved. a first wife. -विरहः separation for the first time. -वृत्तान्तः antecedents, former circumstances. -वैयाकरणः 1 the most distinguished grammarian. -2 a beginner in grammer. -श्री a. One who has just become rich or fortunate. -श्रुत a. heard for the first time; न हि प्रथम- श्रुताच्छब्दात् कश्चिदर्थं प्रत्येति ŚB. on MS.1.1.6. -साहसः the first or lowest of the three degrees of punishment or fine; पणानां द्वे शते सार्धे प्रथमः साहसः स्मृतः Ms.8.138. -सुकृतम् former kindness or service.
भगीरथः N. of an ancient king of the solar dynasty, the great-grandson of Sagara, who brought down, by practising the most austere penance, the celestial river Gaṅgā from heaven to the earth and from earth to the lower regions to purify the ashes of his 6, ancestors, the sons of Sagara. -Comp. -पथः, -प्रयत्नः the path or effort of Bhagīratha, used figuratively to denote any great or Herculean effort. -सुता an epithet of the Ganges.
m. wheelwright, car penter; a mixed caste (offspring of a Mâhishya and a Karanî): -tva, n. trade of a carpenter; -krit, m. wheelwright, carpenter; -kshobha, m. jolting of a chariot; -gritsá,m. skilful charioteer; -ghosha, m. sound or rumbling of a chariot; -kakrá, n. chariot-wheel; -karana, m. id.; -karyâ, f. driving in a chariot (often pl.); -gñâna, n. skill in driving; -gñânin, a. skilled in driving; -dhur, f. pole of a chariot; -nâbhí, f. nave of a chariot-wheel; -nirghosha, m. rum bling of a chariot; -nisvana, m. sound of a chariot; -nîda, m. n. interior or seat of a chariot; -nemi, f. felly of a chariot-wheel; -m-tará, n. N. of various Sâmans; m. a form of Agni (son of Tapas); -bandha, m. fastenings of a chariot; -bha&ndot;ga, m. break down of a chariot; -mahotsava, m. solemn procession of an idol in a car; -yâtrâ, f. id.; -mârga, m.carriage road; -yúg, a. yoking or yoked to a car (RV.); m. charioteer; -yuddha, n. chariot fight; -yoga, m. chariot team; use of a chariot, art of driving; -yog aka, m. yoker of a car; -yodha, m. chariot fighter; -rasmi, m.chariot-trace; -vamsa, m. multitude of chariots; (rátha)-vat, a. having a chariot, consisting in chariots (RV.); containing the word ratha; -vara, m. excellent chariot; -vartman, n. chariot-road, high road; -vâhá, a.(&isharp;) drawing a chariot; m. chariot-horse; charioteer: -ka, m. charioteer; -vigñâna, n., -vidyâ, f. knowledge of or skill in driving; -vîthî, f. carriage road, high road; -sakti, f. flagstaff on a war-chariot; -sâlâ, f.carriage-shed, coach-house; -sikshâ, f. art of driving; -siras, n. fore-part of a chariot; -stha, a. standing on or fighting from a chariot; -svana, m. sound or rattle of a chariot.
a. having a brilliant car; m. N.; -likhana, n. painting; -likhita, pp. painted; -lekhâ, f. picture; N.; -vat, a. adorned with pictures, painted; -vana, n. (va riegated wood), N. of a forest on the Gandakî; -varti, f. paint-brush; -varti-kâ, f. id.; -varman, m. N. of a son of Dhritarâshtra.
a. whose car is in front of others; surpassing others, pre-eminent; -rúk, a. shining before; f. kind of Nivid verse to be recited before the hymn (sûkta) or its parts at the morning sacrifice during the recitation of the Âgya and Praüga; -vartin, a. being before any one's eyes; for ward, obtrusive; -vâtá, m. wind from the front, east wind (which brings rain); -vâda, m. previous mention; -vritta, pp. being in front, preceding.
a. first; -kalpa, m. primary ordinance; -kalpita, pp. first in rank; -garbha, m. first pregnancy; a. f. â, pregnant for the first time; -ga or -g&asharp;, a. first-born; original; firstling; born in the first (i. e. first mentioned) wedlock; -gâta, pp. first-born; -tara, °ree;-or -m, (cpv.) ad. first; -tas, ad. first; forthwith; before, in preference to (g.); be fore, previously to (--°ree;); -darsana, n. first sight (lc. at --): -dina, n. first day of seeing any one (g.); -dugdhá, pp. just milked; -dhâra, m. (?) first drop; -nirdishta, pp. first stated or mentioned; -purusha, m. first (our third) person (gr.); -pravada, a. utter ing the first sound (child); -prasûtâ, pp. f. having calved for the first time; -bh&asharp;g, a. obtaining the first share; -yagñá, m. first sacrifice; -râtra, m. beginning of the night; -vayas-ín, a. young; -vasati, f. original or old home; -vittâ, f.first wife; -samgama, m. N.; -samâvritta, pp. only just turned to wards (lc.); -½âgâmin, a. coming or men tioned first; -½âdesa, m. initial position (of a word); -½abhidheya, n. fundamental meaning: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -½ardha, m. n. first half; -½ava ra-tva, n. higher and lower rank, seniority and juniority; -½astamita, n. recent setting of the sun; -½ahám, ad. on the first day; -½âhâra, m. first employment; -½itara, a. re verse of the first, second.
spv. foremost], a. first; earliest; original; prior, pre vious, former; chief, most excellent, eminent, leading: it may often be translated by an ad.: first, for the first time; previously; just; forthwith: °ree;-or -m, ad. first, first of all, for the first time; only just; forthwith; for merly, previously: with g. before, previously to; ab. first; m. first consonant of a class, unaspirated tenuis; first (=our third) per son; personal endings of the third person; â, f. first or nominative case (including the vocative), termination of the nominative (in cluding the vocative): du. the two first cases, the terminations of the two first cases (=nm. and ac.); n. sg. coll. the first.
n. breadth; extension: -vat, a. broad, extensive; -â, f. spreading out; fame, celebrity; origin (--°ree;); -ita, pp. √ prath; -i-mán, m. breadth; extension, enlargement; -ishtha, spv., -îyas,cpv. of prithú; -u, a. distant, long (journey); reaching farther than (ab.).
a. (î) relating to Bha gîratha: î, f. ep. of the Ganges (also N. of one of the three sources and of an arm of the Ganges): -nâtha, m. lord of the Ganges, the ocean, -vallabha, m. lover of the Ganges, id.
V. ad. on the same car with (in.); together with (in.); -randhra, a. having apertures, perforated; -rabhasa, a. impetuous, violent: °ree;-or -m, ad. impetuously, hurriedly, suddenly, immediately.
m. car (full) of gold (V.); (hí-)-rûpa, a. resembling gold (RV.); -retas, m. (whose seed is gold), fire; (hí-)-vat, V. a. possessing, consisting of, or provided with, gold; n. possession of gold (RV.): -î, f. N.; N. of Uggayinî in the third age; (hí-)-varna, a. golden-coloured, resem bling gold (V., rare in C.); (hí-)-vartani, a. having a golden track or course (V.); -varsha, m. N.; (hí-)-vâsî, a. wielding a golden axe (V.): -mat, a. (only spv. -tama) id. (RV.1); -vâha, m. ep. of the river Sone; -vimitá, n. golden palace: -sarîra, a. golden bodied; (hí-)-stûpa, m. (gold-tuft), N.; (hí) hasta, a. golden-handed (V.); m. N.; -½ak shá, a.golden-eyed (V.); m. N. of a Daitya slain by Vishnu in the shape of a boar; N.; -½abga, n. golden lotus.
in the Rigveda and later denotes ‘chariot’ as opposed to Anas, ‘cart,’ though the distinction is not absolute. Of differences in the structure of the two we have no information, except that the Kha, or nave hole, in the wheel of the chariot was greater than in that of the cart. The chariot has, as a rule, two wheels (Cakra), to which reference is frequently made. The wheel consisted of a rim (Pavi), a felly (Pradhi), spokes (Ara), and a nave (Nabhya). The rim and the felly together constitute the Nemi. The hole in the nave is called Kha: into it the end of the axle was inserted; but there is some uncertainty whether Ani denotes the extremity of the axle that was inserted in the nave, or the lynch-pin used to keep that extremity in the wheel. Sometimes a solid wheel was used. The axle (Akṣa) was, in some cases, made of Araψu. wood; round its ends the wheels revolved. To the axle was attached the body of the chariot (Kośa). This part is also denoted by the word Vandhura, which more precisely means the ‘ seat ’ of the chariot. The epithet tri-vandhura is used of the chariot of the Aśvins, seemingly to correspond with another of its epithets, tri-cakra: perhaps, as Weber thinks, a chariot with three seats and three wheels was a real form of vehicle; but Zimmer considers that the vehicle was purely mythical. Garta also denotes the seat of the warrior. At right angles to the axle was the pole of the chariot (īçā, Praiiga). Normally there was, it seems, one pole, on either side of which the horses were harnessed, a yoke (Yuga) being laid across their necks; the pole was passed through the hole in the yoke (called Kha or Tardman ), the yoke and the pole then being tied together. The horses were tied by the neck (grīva), where the yoke was placed, and also at the shoulder, presumably by traces fastened to a bar of wood at right angles to the pole, or fastened to the ends of the pole, if that is to be regarded, as it probably should, as of triangular shape, wide at the foot and coming to a point at the tip. The traces seem to be denoted by Raśmi and Raśanā. These words also denote the ‘ reins,’ which were fastened to the bit (perhaps śiprū) in the horse’s mouth. The driver controlled the horses by reins, and urged them on with a whip (Kaśā). The girths of the horse were called Kakṣyā. The normal number of horses seems to have been two, but three or four10 were often used. It is uncertain whether, in these cases, the extra horse was attached in front or at the side; possibly both modes were in use. Even five steeds could be employed. Horses were normally used for chariots, but the ass (gardabha) or mule (aśvatarī) are also mentioned. The ox was employed for drawing carts, and in fact derived its name, Anadvāh, from this use. Sometimes a poor man had to be content with a single steed, which then ran between two shafts. In the chariot the driver stood on the right, while the warrior was on the left, as indicated by his name, Savyeṣtha or Savyaṣhā. He could also sit when he wanted, for the chariot had seats, and an archer would naturally prefer to sit while shooting his arrows. The dimensions of the chariot are given in the śulba Sūtra of Apastamba at Angulis (finger-breadths) for the pole, for the axle, and 86 for the yoke. The material used in its construction was wood, except for the rim of the wheel. Many other parts of the chariot are mentioned, their names being often obscure in meaning: see Añka, Nyanka, Uddhi, Paksas, Pātalya, Bhurij, Rathopastha, Rathavāhana.
Occurs once in the Rigveda, where the sense is doubtful. Roth thought that some part of the chariot was meant, but the sense is perhaps only the ‘ pathway of the chariot.’
In the Atharvaveda is either an adjective meaning ‘driving swiftly in a chariot,’ or a proper name, as Roth in the St. Petersburg Dictionary suggests.
‘Chariot-maker,’ is mentioned in the Atharvaveda as one of those who are to be subject to the king, seeming to stand generally as an example of the industrial population. He is also referred to in the Yajurveda Samhitās and in the Brāhmaṇas: in all these passages, as well as probably in the Atharvaveda also, the Rathakāra already forms a caste. The later system4 regards the Rathakāra as the offspring of a Māhiṣya (the son of a Kṣatriya husband and a Vaiśya wife) and a Karanī (the daughter of a Vaiśya husband and a śūdra wife), but it is unreasonable^to suppose that such an origin is historically accurate. The Rathakāras must rather be deemed to have been a functional caste. Hillebrandt6 suggests that ♦.he Anu tribe formed the basis of the Rathakāra caste, referring to their worship of the Rbhus, who are, of course, the chariot- makers par excellence. But there is little ground for this view.
Is the name in the Rigveda and later for a movable stand to hold the chariot. According to Roth, it corresponds to the Greek βωμός, on which the chariot rested when out of use. The word Rathavāhana-vāha is employed in the sense of the two horses that draw the stand. Weber thinks it was used to convey the war chariot to the scene of action.
(‘Descendant of Darbha ’) is mentioned once in the Rigveda as residing in places abounding in kine (gomatīranu) far away among the hills, possibly the Himālayas, and as the patron of the singer of the hymn. Later the tradition makes him the king, whose daughter śyāsvāśva won for his wife by his father’s and the Maruts’ aid.
(‘ He who has no match in fight ’) is the name of an obviously invented Rsi, to whom is ascribed by the Aitareya Brāhmana and śatapatha Brāhmana the composition of a Rigveda hymn celebrating Indra as the invincible warrior.
(‘Having a brilliant car ’) is the name of two persons. (a) It designates an Aryan prince, who, with Arna, was defeated by Indra for the Turvaśa-Yadus on the Sarayu (perhaps the modern Sarju in Oudh), according to the Rigveda. The locality would accord with the close connexion of Turvaśa and Krivi or Pañcāla. (b) Citraratha is also the name of a king for whom the Kāpeyas performed a special kind of sacrifice (dvirātra), with the result, according to the Pañcavimśa Brāhmana, that in the Caitrarathi family only one member was a Ksatra-pati, the rest dependents. Apparently this must mean that the Caitrarathis were distinguished from other families of princes by the fact that the chief of the clan received a markedly higher position than in most cases, in which probably the heads of the family were rather an oligarchy than a monarch and his dependents. See Rājan.
(Descendant of Ikṣvāku’) is the name of a king in the Jaiminiya Upanisad Brāhmaṇa. It is important to note that he is regarded as being on friendly terms with the Kuru-Pañcālas, which points to the Ikṣvākus being allied to that people, and not belonging (as is the case in the Buddhist books) to the east of India.
Is mentioned in one passage of the Rigveda, where Ludwig thinks a place-name is meant. Griffith is doubtful whether the word is the name of a place or a man. Roth was inclined to see a corruption of the text. Cf. Bhagīratha.
‘Having a great car’—i.e., a great chariot fighter/ is an epithet of the hero who is prayed for in the ritual of the Aśvamedha (‘horse sacrifice’) in the Yajurveda Samhitās.
noun (masculine) pauruṣa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a chariot (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a limb (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a warrior (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
Calamus Rotang (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
car (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
cart (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
champion (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
Dalbergia Ougeinensis (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
esp. a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the anas) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
hero (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
member (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
part (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the body (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
waggon (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) a carriage-driver (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
charioteer (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
coachman (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) a carriage-driver (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
charioteer (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
coachman (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) a chariots-maker (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
carpenter (regarded as the son of a Māhishya by a Karaṇī) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
carriage-builder (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
wheelwright (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (feminine) name of the 7th day in the light half of the month Āśvina (so called as the beginning of a Manvantara when a new sun ascended his car) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) a form of Agni (regarded as a son of Tapas) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a particular cosmic period (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a Sādhya (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a race (always named together with the Kaiśikas and belonging to the Yādava people) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Vidarbha and brother of Kaiśika (ancestor of the Krathas) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of an Asura (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of an attendant in Skanda's retinue (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (neuter) cutting through (as with an ax) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
killing (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
slaughter (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
sudden interruption of breath (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a monkey (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a Nāga (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of an Asura (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (neuter) (in dram.) intimation of the issue of a plot (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
becoming obstructed or clogged with knotty lumps (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
binding-stringing together (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
thickening (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
tying (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a descendant of Aṅga and son of Dharmaratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a king (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a king of the Aṅgas (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a man (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a prince of Mṛttikāvati (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a Sūta (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a snake-demon (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Gada or Kṛṣṇa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a Vidyādhara (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of an officer (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the king of the Gandharvas (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the polar star (Dhruva) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the sun (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a Dvyaha ceremony (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of Śaśabindu (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
patr. from Citra-ratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
adjective (a road) affording space for ten waggons (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
belonging to or coming from Daśaratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Jayadratha and father of Viśvajit (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of the father of the 10th Arhat of the 10th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a son of Diviratha
name of a son of Sagara (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of Diviratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a son of Bhīmasa or Bhīmaratha [Li.pur.] (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the 9 sentiments or passions (dram.) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) an adversary in war (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
an opposite fighter in a war-chariot (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
equal adversary (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a descendant of Atri (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Matināra and father of Kaṇva (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Vajra and father of Sucāru (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (neuter) celebrating (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
displaying (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
extending (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
flattening (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
projecting (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
showing (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
spreading out (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the place for spreading (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
throwing (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
unfolding (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
adjective chief (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
earliest (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
first (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
most excellent (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
original (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
preceding (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
primary (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (feminine) (in gram.) the first or nominative case and its terminations (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the first two cases and their terminations (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
indeclinable at first (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
before (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
before (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
first (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
firstly (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
forthwith (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
immediately (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
in preference to (with gen.) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
sooner than (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
verb (class 10 ātmanepada) to celebrate (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to disclose (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to extend (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to extend over i.e. shine upon (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to give light to (acc.) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to increase (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to proclaim (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to reveal (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to show (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to spread (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to spread abroad (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
to unfold (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) a partic. Mantra (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a powerful hero (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a sacrificial vessel (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Titikṣu
name of Indra (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of several men (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a mountain (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of an ancient king (son of Dilīpa and great-grandfather of Sagara) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of an architect of recent date (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of several authors (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine neuter) (in dram.) a wish expressed in an indirect manner (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a wish (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
desire (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
fancy (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
hint (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
illusion (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a poet (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a teacher (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of various men (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the heart compared to a car (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of Droṇa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of various men (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the chariot of Rukmaratha i.e. of Droṇa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a descendant of Vṛṣṇi (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a king (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a Muni (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a man who was killed by his wife (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Bhajamāna and father of Śūra (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Citraratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Kuru (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Suratha and father of kṣa (Sārvabhauma) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of the 12th Manu (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of the father of Suniti and Sumati (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) name of a king of Vidarbha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Citraratha
name of a son of Mīnaratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Samaratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) a good chariot (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a son of Adhiratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Caitra (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Drupada (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Jahnu (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Janamejaya (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Jayadratha (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Kurṇḍaka (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of Raṇaka (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a son of the king Sudeva and brother of Śveta (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of various kings (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
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