Sanskrit Dictionary

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245 results for k/a

abhikaraṇa

See svapnābhik/araṇa-.

abhikḷp

A1. (parasmE-pada -k/alpamāna-) to be adequate to, be in accordance with (accusative)

: Causal -kalpayati-, to put in order

abhikrand

(Aorist 2. sg. -kran-) to shout at, roar at, neigh or whinny at

: Causal (Aorist -acikradat-), idem or 'mfn. insolent, haughty '

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -k/anikradat-) idem or 'mfn. insolent, haughty '

addhyālohakarṇa

mfn. having ears quite red

see adhirūḍha-k/arna-.

adhīlohakarṇa

mfn. equals addhyāloha-k/arna- q.v

adhirūḍhākarṇa

mfn. equals addhyā-loha-k/arṇa-, q.v

adhirūḍhākarṇa

mfn. see adhīloha-k/arṇa-.

adhiṣkand

( skand-), (Aorist 3. sg. -ṣk/an-) to cover in copulation

aikṣvāku

Epic for aikṣvāk/a- above.

ājap

to mutter or whisper into (the ear, k/arṇe-)

;

akāvaṅka

n. water (= aṅkā- ṅk/a-),

anikāmatas

([

]) or a-nik/āmam- ([

]) ind. involuntarily, unintentionally.

aṅkāvaṅka

n. water (= aṅkā- ṅk/a-, confer, compare akāvaṅk/a-),

araṃkṛ

(subjunctive -k/arat-or -karat-,1. plural -kṛṣṇavāma-;Imper. 1. sg. -karaṇ- Aorist 3. pl. -/akran-) to prepare, make ready

; to serve (with or without dative case)

arbhaka

mfn. (used together with kumārak/a-) young, childish

arkasāti

(ark/a--) f. invention of hymns, poetical inspiration

arkavat

mfn. (ark/a--) possessing or holding the thunderbolt

arkavat

mfn. containing the word ark/a-

arkavidha

(ark/a-) mfn. arka- like

asakau

mf. equals asau- (See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ad/as-), only used in connection with yak/aḥ- and yak/ā- (for y/aḥ-and y/ā-)

(see

)

āskand

P. -skandati-, to leap, skip (See ā-sk/andam-) ; to invade, attack, assault

asmāka

mfn. (fr. asma-+ añc-? see /apāka-etc.) our, ours

(see āsmāk/a-.)

astaka

n. home

(see sv-astak/a-)

astamīke

locative case ind. (fr. 2. añc- see samīk/a-,etc.) at home

atiṣkand

( skand-) to cover (said of a bull)

,; to leap or jump over, Vedic or Veda infinitive mood (dative case) ati-ṣk/ade-

; Ved. infinitive mood (ablative) -ṣk/adas-

; to omit ; /an-atiskandat- (mfn.) not omitting anything, uniform

avacarantikā

f. (diminutive of pr. p. f. ntī-) stepping down from (ablative)

(see pravar tamanak/a-.)

āvapantaka

mf(ik/ā-)n. scattering

avata

m. a well, cistern

(see avatk/a-.)

ayaskarṇī

f.? (see adhīloha-k/arṇa-and adhirūḍhā-k-)

balāhaka

m. or valāhak/a- (

) a rain or thunder -cloud, any cloud

etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).)

bṛhatī

f. fr. bṛk/at- Name of a particular metre of 36 (originally 8+ 8+12+8) syllables or (later) any metre containing 36 syllables (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' (tīka-) mfn.)

etc.

ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= , Latin que,placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form(exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ava ca m/ama ca-[not te ca me ca-],"both of thee and me") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented

;it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;in

the double ca-occurs more frequently than the single(exempli gratia, 'for example' ah/aṃ ca tv/aṃ ca-,"I and thou",

);the double ca-may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit(exempli gratia, 'for example' kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te-,"where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?"

);in later literature, however, the first ca-is more usually omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' ahaṃ tvaṃ ca-),and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca-is often found(exempli gratia, 'for example' tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā-,"in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position"

);elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca-is placed after some and omitted after others(exempli gratia, 'for example' ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī-,"the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river"

);in Vedic or Veda and even in class. Sanskrit[

] , when the double ca-would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' indraś ca soma-,"both indra- [and thou] soma-"

; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ-,"both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united"

);with lexicographers ca-may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed(exempli gratia, 'for example' kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ-,"the word karaka-has the meaning "pitcher"and other meanings");sometimes ca-is equals eva-,even, indeed, certainly, just(exempli gratia, 'for example' su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam-,"even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name"

; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ-,"as great as they [were] just so great was he"

);occasionally ca-is disjunctive,"but","on the contrary","on the other hand","yet","nevertheless"(varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ-,"better the two first but not the last"

; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ-,"this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs"

); ca-ca-,though-yet

; ca-na ca-,though - yet not

; ca-- na tu-(varia lectio nanu-) idem or 'm. the letter or sound ca-.',

; na ca-- ca-,though not - yet

; ca-may be used for vā-,"either","or"(exempli gratia, 'for example' iha cāmutra vā-,"either here or hereafter"

; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam-,"either a woman or a man or any other being"

) , and when a negative particle is joined with ca-the two may then be translated by"neither","nor";occasionally one ca-or one na-is omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum-,"I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon"

; na pūrvāhṇe nā ca parāhṇe-,"neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon"); ca-ca-may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence(exempli gratia, 'for example' mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ-,"no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god",

); ca-is sometimes equals ced-,"if"(confer, compare

;the verb is accented)

; ca-may be used as an expletive(exempli gratia, 'for example' anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca-,"and with other sacrifices"); ca-is often joined to an adverb like eva-, api-, tathā-, tathaiva-,etc., either with or without a negative particle(exempli gratia, 'for example' vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ-,"one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy"

);(See eva-, api-,etc.) For the meaning of ca-after an interrogativeSee 2. k/a-,2. kath/ā-, k/im-, kv/a-); ([ confer, compare , Latin que,pe(innempeetc.); Gothic uh; Zend ca; Old Persian ca1.])

cakhvas

mfn. (perfect tense P. parasmE-pada khan-?[ cakṣ-

], see kh/a-) displaying (?)

cakra

m. the ruddy goose or Brahmany duck (Anas Casarca, called after its cries; see -vāk/a-)

cakṣas

m. "teacher of the gods", bṛhaspati-

(see /apāka--, īya--, upāk/a--, ghor/a--, viśv/a--, s/ūra--, sv/ar--; uru--, duś--, nṛ--and su-c/akṣ-.)

cana

ind. (ca n/a-

) and not, also not, even not, not even (this particle is placed after the word to which it gives force;a preceding verb is accentuated[

];in Vedic language it is generally, but not always, found without any other negative particle, whereas in the later language another negative is usually added exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpaś can/apr/a minanti vrat/aṃ vāṃ-,"not even the waters violate your ordinance"

; n/āha vivyāca pṛthiv/ī can/āinaṃ-,"the earth even does not contain him", iii, 36, 4;in class. Sanskrit it is only used after the interrogatives k/a-, katar/a-, katam/a-, katham-, k/ad-, kad/ā-, kim-, k/utas-, kva-,making them indefinite)

etc. also

candrādiloka

m. equals dra-lok/a-.

dīkṣāpati

(ksk/ā--) m. "consecration-lord", id est soma-

divākara

m. Calotropis Gigantea (see ark/a-)

duḥkha

mfn. (according to grammarians properly written duṣ-kha-and said to be from dus-and kha-[ see su-kh/a-]; but more probably a Prakritized form for duḥ-stha- q.v) uneasy, uncomfortable, unpleasant, difficult

(Comparative degree -tara-

)

dyuka

and k/ari- wrong reading for ghūka- and kāri-.

gam

Ved. cl.1 P. g/amati- (

; subjunctive gamam-, g/amat-[ gamātas-, gamātha-

], gamāma-, gaman-

; Potential gam/ema-

; infinitive mood g/amadhyai-

) : cl.2 P. g/anti- (

; imperative 3. sg. gantu-,[2. sg. gadhi-See ā--,or gahi-See adhi--, abhy-ā--, ā--, upā--],2. plural g/antā-or gantana-

; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /agan-[

] , 1. plural /aganma-[

; confer, compare

] , 3. plural /agman-

; subjunctive [or Aorist subjunctive confer, compare

]1. plural ganma-,3. plural gm/an-

; Potential 2. sg. gamyās-

; preceding 3. sg. gamy/ās-

; pr. p. gm/at-,

) : cl.3 P. jaganti- (

; Potential jagamyām-, yāt-

; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. ajagan-,2. plural ajaganta-or tana-

) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1.

etc.) , with substitution of gacch- ([= ]) for gam-, g/acchati- (confer, compare

; subjunctive gācchāti-

;2. sg. gacchās-[

] or gacchāsi-[

];2. plural gacchāta-

;3. plural g/acchān-

; imperfect tense /agacchat-; Potential gacchet-; pr. p. g/acchat-

etc.; Aorist agamat-

;for A1.with prepositions confer, compare

future gamiṣyati-

etc.; 1st future g/antā-[

]

etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā-[

],3. sg. jagāma-,2. dual number jagmathur-,3. plural jagm/ur-

etc.; parasmE-pada jaganv/as-[

etc.] or jagmivas-

f. jagm/uṣī-

etc.;Ved. infinitive mood g/antave-, g/antav/ai-;Class. infinitive mood gantum-:Ved. ind.p. gatvāya-, gatv/ī-;Class. ind.p. gatv/ā-[

etc.] , with prepositions -gamya-or -gatya-

) to go, move, go away, set out, come

etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with accusative or locative case or dative case [

; confer, compare

] or prati-[

])

etc. ; to go or pass (as time exempli gratia, 'for example' kāle gacchati-,time going on, in the course of time)

; to fall to the share of (accusative)

etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack

; to decease, die

; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (accusative)

etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (exempli gratia, 'for example' mitratāṃ gacchati-,"he goes to friendship" id est he becomes friendly)

etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṃ-gam-,"to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down

; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-gam-,"to go to the earth with the head", make a bow

; m/anasā-gam-, to go with the mind, observe, perceive

; (without m/anasā-) to observe, understand, guess

; (especially Passive voice gamyate-,"to be understood or meant")

and

; doṣeṇa- or doṣato-gam-, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (accusative)

: Causal gamayati- (

; imperative 2. sg. Ved. gamayā-or gāmaya-[

] , 3. sg. gamayatāt-

; perf. gamay/āṃ cakāra-

etc.) to cause to go (

) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dative case

), bring to a place (accusative [

] or locative case)

etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become

etc. ; to impart, grant

; to send away

; "to let go", not care about

; to excel

; to spend time

etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain

; to convey an idea or meaning, denote

; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (accusative) to go by means of jigamiśati- another

: Desiderative j/igamiṣati- (

jigāṃsate-

; imperfect tense ajigāṃsat-

) to wish to go, be going

; to strive to obtain

; to wish to bring (to light, prak/āśam-)

: Intensive j/aṅganti- (

), jaṅgamīti- or jaṅgamyate- (

), to visit

(parasmE-pada g/anigmat-)

(imperfect tense aganīgan-) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic qvam; English come; Latin venioforgvemio.])

hiraṇyaśakla

varia lectio for -śalk/a-

īṅkh

or iṅkh- cl.1 P. (iṅkhati-, iṅkhāṃ-cakāra-,or īṅkhati-, īṅkhāṃ-cakāra-, iṅkhitum-or īṅkhitum-) to go, move

: Causal īṅkh/ayati-, to move backwards and forwards, move up and down, swing

invagā

f. equals invak/ā- above

jānaka

m. (fr. janak/a-) patronymic of kratu-vid-

jman

(only locative case jm/an-) equals kṣ/āman- (see jm/ā-, jm/as- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. ksk/am-)

jyotayamāmaka

some read - mānak/a-,"little shiner".

but the old form kad- is found in the veda- (See

) ; ([ confer, compare Zend ka,ko7,kA7,kat; Greek , (Ion.,) , ; Latin quis,quid; Lithuanian kas k/a-; Gothic hvas,hvo7,hva, Anglo-Saxon hwa1,hwaet; English who,what.]) The interrogative sentence introduced by ka- is often terminated by iti- (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putra iti kathyatām-,let it be said, "whose son is he?") , but iti- may be omitted and the sentence lose its direct interrogative character (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putro na jñāyate-,it is not known whose son he is) . ka- with or without 1. as- may express"how is it possible that?""what power have I, you, they, etc.?" (exempli gratia, 'for example' ke mama dhanvino'nye-,what can the other archers do against me? ke āvām paritrātum-,what power have we to rescue you?) ka- is often connected with a demonstrative pronoun (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko 'yam āyāti-,who comes here?) or with the potential (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko hariṃ nindet-,who will blame hari-?) ka- is sometimes repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaḥ ko 'tra-,who is there? kān kān-,whom? whom? id est which of them? confer, compare Gram. 54) , and the repetition is often due to a kind of attraction (exempli gratia, 'for example' keṣāṃ kiṃ śāstram adhyayanīyam-,which book is to be read by whom? Gram. 836. a-). When kim- is connected with the inst. Calcutta edition of a noun or with the indecl. participle it may express"what is gained by doing so, etc.?" (equals ko'rthas-)

kā

= k/ad-2 and 1. ku- in compound to express depreciation exempli gratia, 'for example' kākṣa-, kā-patha-, kāpuruṣa-, koṣṇa-, qq. vv.

kā

= kan- (perf. cake-, cakān/a-;See k/āyamāna- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order), to seek, desire, yearn, love (with accusative and dative case)

; to like, enjoy, be satisfied with (locative case genitive case or inst.)

: Intensive (parasmE-pada cāk/at-) to please, be sought after, be wished for, satisfy

(see anu--, ā--, saṃ--3. kā-, kāti-.)

kabandha

mn. (sometimes written k/avandha-) a big barrel or cask, a large-bellied vessel (metaphorically applied to a cloud)

kāhan

n. (fr. 3. k/a-), a day of brahmā- (or one thousand yuga-sSee kalpa-)

kairātaka

mfn. belonging to the kirāta-s

(f(tik/ā-).)

(f. takī-).

kakardu

according to to some kak/ardave- is wrong reading for kapardav/e- = kapardin/e-.

kalaṅkaya

Nom. P. k/alaṅkayati-, to spot, soil

; to defame, disgrace

kāleya

n. (fr. 1. kal/i-[see sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order k/ali-]

), the sāman- of kali-

kālpa

mfn. (fr. k/alpa-), preceptive, ritual

kam

ind. a particle placed after the word to which it belongs with an affirmative sense,"yes","well"(but this sense is generally so weak that Indian grammarians are perhaps right in enumerating kam-among the expletives

;it is often found attached to a dative case case, giving to that case a stronger meaning, and is generally placed at the end of the pāda-, exempli gratia, 'for example' /ajījana /oṣadhīr bh/ojanāya k/am-,thou didst create the plants for actual food

)

kāmajyeṣṭha

(k/āma--) mfn. having the god Desire at the head, led by kāma-

kāmakāti

(k/āma--) mfn. requesting the fulfilment of a wish

kāmam

ind. (accusative of k/āma- gaRa svarādi-,not in

) according to wish or desire, according to inclination, agreeably to desire, at will, freely, willingly

etc.

kāmamūta

(k/āma--) mfn. strongly affected or impelled by love

kāmavat

mfn. (k/āma--) being in love, enamoured, wanton

kāmavatsa

(k/āma--) mf(ā-)n. having the wish for a calf, having the wish in place of a calf

kan

(kā-in veda-) cl.1 P. kanati-, cakāna-, cake-, akānīt-, kanitā-, etc.

; (Aorist 1. sg. akāniṣam-,2. sg. kāniṣas-

), to be satisfied or pleased

; to agree to, accept with satisfaction

; to shine ; to go

: Intensive P. (subjunctive cāk/anat-; Potential cākanyāt-; perfect tense 1. sg. cākana-) ; A1. (subjunctive 3. plural cāk/ananta-and cak/ananta-

), to be satisfied with, like, enjoy (with locative case genitive case,or instrumental case)

; to please, be liked or wished for (with genitive case of the person)

; to strive after, seek, desire, wish (with accusative or dative case)

; ([ confer, compare kā-, kai-, kam-, kvan-,and can-: confer, compare also Zend -kan; Greek ; Anglo-Saxon hana; Latin canus,caneo,candeo,candela(?); Hibernian or Irish canu,"full moon."])

kaṇāda

See under k/aṇa-

kaniṣṭhaka

mf(ik/ā-)n. the smallest

kaplaka

mfn. equals kapivad-gamanasamartha-

(the text has the reading k/alpaka-).

karkarāndhaka

m. a blind well (one of which the mouth is over grown with grass etc. so as to be hidden; see kark/andhu-and andhakūpa-)

karkarāndhuka

m. a blind well (one of which the mouth is over grown with grass etc. so as to be hidden; see kark/andhu-and andhakūpa-)

kārma

mf(ī-)n. (fr. k/arman-; gaRa chattrādi-), active, laborious

karmadeva

(k/arma-) m. a god through religious actions (diśrautakarmaṇā devalokaṃ prāpnuvanti te karmadevāḥ&iencoding=&lang='>ye 'gnihotrādiśrautakarmaṇā devalokaṃ prāpnuvanti te karmadevāḥ- commentator or commentary on

)

karṇa

m. ( kṛt-

;1. kṝ-

), the ear

(/api k/arṇe-,behind the ear or back, from behind

[ see apikarṇ/a-]; karṇe-,[in dramatic language ] into the ear, in a low voice, aside

; karṇaṃ- dā-,to give ear to, listen to

; karṇam ā-gam-,to come to one's ear, become known to

)

kārṇa

mfn. (fr. k/arṇa-), relating to the ear

karṇakavat

(k/arṇaka--) mfn. having prominences or handles etc., furnished with tendrils

karṇavat

mfn. (k/arṇa-) having ears

kārṇāyani

mfn. fr. k/arṇa-

karṇayoni

(k/arṇa-) mfn. having the ear as a source or starting-point, going forth from the ear (said of arrows, because in shooting the bow-string is drawn back to the ear)

karṇikā

See k/arṇaka-.

karṣi

mfn. drawing, furrowing

(see k/ārṣi-.)

kārṣin

mfn. See k/ārṣi-.

kārṣīvaṇa

m. (fr. k/ārṣi-with i-lengthened) , one who ploughs a field, husbandman

kartave

([

and

]) and k/artav/ai- ([

]) , Vedic or Veda infinitive mood of 1. kṛ-, to do q.v

kaśa

m. a species of rodent animal

(see kaśīk/ā-)

kaścana

etc. See 2. k/a-.

kaśīkā

f. (equals nakulī-) a weasel (

)

(see k/aśa-, kaṣīkā-,and kaṣ-.)

kasmāt

ind. (ablative fr. 2. k/a-

etc.) where from? whence? why? wherefore?

(see a-kasmāt-.)

kaśojū

m. ūs- (accusative /uvam-) "hastening to the water" (k/aśas-

),"impelling with the whip" (k/aśas- equals k/aśā-

) , Name of divodāsa-

kāṣṭhabhṛt

See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order k/āṣṭhā-.

kāti

mfn. (fr.3. kā-),"wishing, desiring"(only in compound See ṛṇ/a-kāti-and k/āma-kāti- see ṛṇa-c/it-)

katikṛtvas

ind. how many times?

(see k/ati-, k/ṛtvas-

)

kāttreyaka

mfn. (fr. 2. k/ad-+ tri-), produced from or pertaining to any combination of three inferior articles

kaumāra

mf(ī-)n. (fr. kumār/a-,or rī-

), juvenile, youthful, belonging to a youth or young girl, maiden, maidenly, (k/aumāra lok/a-,the youths and girls

; kaumārī bhāryā-[

and

],"a virgin wife, one who has not had a husband previously"

; kaumāra pati-[

;or ra bhartṛ-

],"a man who marries a virgin"

; kaumāra vrata-,a vow of abstinence

)

kauśikatā

(k/a--) f. the state of being kept together by two pins (and"the state of being sūrya-"[see 3. kauśik/a-]) ,

kauśikatā

(k/a--) f. See 1. kauśika-.

kauśikāyani

m. patronymic fr. kauśik/a- Name of a teacher

kauśila

lya- See 3. kauśik/a-.

kava

mfn. (1. ku-) "miserly"(perhaps originally"provident"),"selfish", in /a-kava- q.v , and kavā-sakh/a- below

kāvacika

n. (fr. k/avaca-), a multitude of men in armour

kavandha

and kavandh/in- See k/aban-.

kāvandha

mf(ī-)n. (fr. k/av-) having the appearance of a headless trunk

kavasa

m. a prickly shrub (see k/avaca-.)

kaya

(Ved. for 2. ka-;only genitive case sg. with cid-), every one (exempli gratia, 'for example' n/i ṣ/ū nam/ātimatiṃ k/ayasya cit-,bow well down the haughtiness of every one

)

([ confer, compare Zend kaya; Armenian ui.])

kena

ind. instrumental case (fr. 2. k/a-), by what?

keśa

n. "whose lord is prajā-pati- (See 3. k/a-) ", the lunar mansion rohiṇī-.

khā

f. a fountain, well

(kh/ām ṛt/asya-, see ZendaSahe@khAo) &

khā

mfn. digging (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' kūpa--; bisa-kh/ā-)

khād

cl.1. P. kh/ādati- (Epic also A1. te-; Aorist akhādīt-

; perf. cakhāda-

), to chew, bite, eat, devour, feed, prey upon

etc. ; to hurt

; to ruin

: Causal P. khādayati-, to cause to be eaten or devoured by (instrumental case; see

Va1rtt. 5)

; to eat or devour

: Desiderative cikhādiṣati-, to desire to eat

(varia lectio)

khādihasta

(kh/ādi--) mfn. having the hands ornamented with bracelets or rings (said of the marut-s),

khadūra

raka-, etc. See 3. kh/a-.

khaga

etc. See 3. kh/a-.

khalya

etc. See kh/ala-.

khamaṇi

etc. See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khaṃkara

See 3. kh/a-.

khan

cl.1 P. kh/anati- (imperfect tense /akhanat-; perf. cakhāna-,3. plural cakhnur-

; A1. cakhne-

; pr. p. A1. kh/anamāna-

; imperative khanatāt-

[

]; Potential khanyāt-or khāyāt-

; Passive voice khāy/ate-[

] or khanyate-

; infinitive mood khanitum-

), to dig, dig up, delve, turn up the soil, excavate, root up

etc. ; to pierce (said of an arrow)

(varia lectio): Causal khānayati- (once khan-

), to cause to dig or dig up

etc.: Desiderative cikhaniṣati-

: Intensive caṅkhanyate- or cākhāyate-

; caṅkhanti- or cākhāti-

([ confer, compare, ; Old German gine1m,gino1m; modern German ga0hne; Anglo-Saxon cina,cinan; Latin cuniculus,canalis.])

khāpagā

khāpara- See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khaparāga

See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

kharanāda

etc. See 1. kh/ara-.

kharaṇas

etc. See kh/ara-.

khārkāra

m. (khār- onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds),probably connected with kh/ara-) the braying of an ass

kharvaka

mf(kh/arvikā-)n. mutilated, imperfect

kharya

See kh/ara-.

khasama

etc. See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khaśaya

etc. See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khasindhu

See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khastanī

etc. See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khasūci

See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khaśvāsa

See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khatamāla

etc. See 3. kh/a-.

khātman

See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khavallī

etc. See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

khayoga

See 3. kh/a-, .

khe

locative case of 3. kh/a-, in compound

khegamana

etc. See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

kheparibhrama

See 3. kh/a-.

kheśaya

etc. See 3. kh/a-, p.334.

kheṭa

See 3. kh/a-, .

kholka

etc. See 3. kh/a-, .

khud

cl.6 P. khud/ati-, to sport wantonly or amorously

: Intensive (parasmE-pada canīkhudat-) idem or ' cl.1 A1. ḍate-, to break in pieces ; to limp : cl.10 P. khuṇḍayati- (varia lectio khoḍayati- see kṣodayati-fr. kṣudr/a-), to break in pieces '

; (k/anīkhunat-,fr. khun-)

a pronominal base, like 2. k/a- and 1. ku-, in the words k/im-, k/iyat-, kis-, kī-dṛkṣa-, kī-d/ṛś-, kī-dṛśa-, k/īvat-.

kim

ind. (fr. 1. ki-,originally Nominal verb and accusative sg. n.of 2. k/a- q.v), what? how? whence? wherefore? why?

kiṃcana

See 2. k/a- and k/im- above

kiṃcid

n. (See 2. k/a-) "something", Name of a particular measure (= eight handfuls) commentator or commentary on

kiṃśuka

n. the blossom of this tree

(see palāś/a-and sukiṃśuk/a-)

kiṃvṛtta

n. any form derived from the pronoun k/a-

kiri

kirik/a- See kir-.

kḷp

cl.1 A1. k/alpate- (

; perf. cakḷpe-,3. plural cākḷpr/e-

future kalpiṣyate-and kalpsy-[3. dual number kalpsyete-

; vv.ll. kḷps-and klaps-],or kalpsyati-; Conditional akalpiṣyata-,or lpsyat-; 1st future kalpitā-or kalptā-[see

]; Aorist akḷpta-or pat-; proper and perf. only A1.

), to be well ordered or regulated, be well managed, succeed

etc. ; to bear suitable relation to anything, correspond, be adapted to, in accordance with, suitable to (instrumental case)

etc. ; to be fit for (locative case)

; to accommodate one's self to, be favourable to, subserve, effect (with dative case)

etc. ; to partake of (dative case)

etc. ; to fall to the share, be shared or partaken by (locative case dative case or genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' yajñ/o dev/eṣu kalpatām-,"let the sacrifice be shared by the gods"

)

; to become (with Nominal verb)

; (with dative case [

Va1rtt. 2 ]

) ; to happen, occur

; to prepare, arrange

; to produce, cause, effect, create (with accusative)

; to declare as, consider as (with double accusative)

(perf. p. kḷptavat-): Causal P. A1. kalp/ayati-, te-, (Aorist acīkḷpat-or cākḷpat-[

] subjunctive cīkḷpāti-

), to set in order, arrange, distribute, dispose

; to bring into suitable connection with

; to prepare, arrange

etc. ; to fit out, furnish with (instrumental case)

; to help any one in obtaining anything (dative case or locative case or genitive case)

; to fix, settle

; to declare as, consider as (with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' mātaram enāṃ kalpayantu-,"let them consider her as their mother"

)

etc. ; to make, execute, bring about

etc. ; to frame, form, invent, compose (as a poem etc.), imagine

; to perform (as a ceremony etc.)

; to trim, cut

; (in Prakrit)

; to pronounce a formula or verse which contains the kḷp-

: Desiderative cikḷpsati- or cikalpiṣate-

; ([ confer, compare Gothic hilpa; English help; German helfe; Lithuanian gelbmi.])

kopakrama

n. (fr. 3. k/a-), brahmā-'s creation

kṛ

Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- (

) ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also

), /akran- (Aorist,according to

); A1. /akri- (

), /akṛthās- (

), /akṛta- (

); akrātām- (

), /akrata- (

) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also

), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- (

) , 3. plural kr/anta- (

) : Potential kriyāma- (

); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to

) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- (

) (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (

); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (

), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā-

), kṛṇavase- (also

varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- (

) or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- (

) : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi-

); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after

]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- (

) : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also

), kuruta- or kurutana- (

); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- (

), vāma- or vāmas- (

), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (

; he-

), karavaithe-, vaite- (

), vāmahai-(he-

) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (

); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (

); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam-

); A1. cakrāṇa- (

) : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (

); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (

), acakrat- (

), /acakriran- (

); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (

); Class. akārṣīt- (

;once akāraṣīt-

); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- (

) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([

]) and kṛtv/āya- ([

]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake

etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command)

; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build

; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case)

etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case)

etc. ; to compose, describe

; to cultivate

(confer, compare

) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"

; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"

; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry

; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love

; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider

; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog '

;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-]

; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of

) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[

etc.] or buddhim-[

] or matim-[

]or bhāvam-[

], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief

; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going

; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd

; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him

) ; to think of (accusative)

; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal

)

etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume

; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case)

; to make liable to (dative case)

; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden)

; to appoint, institute

; to give an order, commission

; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-)

; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city)

; to proceed, act, put in practice

etc. ; to worship, sacrifice

; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-)

(

), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula (

) ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram-

; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw

) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-)

The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty

; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([

]) or salilaṃ- ([

]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons

; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute

; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc.

; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate

; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- (

) , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see

;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti-

; imperfect tense akar-

and

;3. plural akran-

and

; preceding kriyāt-

(See

);according to

, also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see

] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made

; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade

; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee

) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate

etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house

)

. Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word

; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly

; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does

) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs-

) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after

etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship

: Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See

), to do repeatedly

; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([

]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator

]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .])

kṝ

cl.6 P. kir/ati- (

; perf. -cakāra-

; 2nd future kariṣyati-; 1st future karitā-or karītā-

; Aorist akārīt-[Ved. s/aṃ k/āriṣat-]; ind.p. -kīrya-; Passive voice kīryate-), to pour out, scatter, throw, cast, disperse

etc. ; to throw up in a heap, heap up

: A1. kirate-, to throw off from one's self

: P. to strew, pour over, fill with, cover with

; (perf. 3. plural cakarur-)

: Desiderative cikariṣati-

: Intensive cākarti-

; ([ confer, compare Greek , .])

krand

cl.1 P. A1. kr/andati-, krandate- (varia lectio kradate-fr. krad-

; subjunctive kr/andat-; imperfect tense krandat-and /akrandat-; Aorist 2. sg. kradas-, cakradas-,and /akrān-,3. sg. akrān-and /akrān-; akrandīt-

; parasmE-pada kr/andat-), to neigh (as a horse), roar (metaphorically applied to the clouds and to wind and water)

; to creak (as a wheel)

; to sound, make a noise

; to cry piteously, weep, lament, grieve, be confused with sorrow

etc. ; to call out piteously to any one (accusative)

(perf. cakranda-)

: Causal krandayati- (Aorist /acikradat-,3. plural dan-), to cause to roar

; to cause to weep or lament

; to roar, rave

; to neigh after (accusative)

: Intensive P. k/anikrantti- (A1. ntte-

; parasmE-pada k/anikradat-,once k/anikrat-

; parasmE-pada A1. kanikrady/amana-

) , to neigh, roar, rave, cry out

; to creak, crackle

; ([ confer, compare Gothic gre1ta,"to lament."])

krī

cl.9 P. A1. krīṇ/āti-, krīṇīte- (future parasmE-pada kreṣyat-

; ind.p. krīv/ā-

), to buy, purchase (with instrumental case of the price, and ablative or genitive case of the person from whom anything is bought exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a im/am indraṃ daś/abhir dhen/ubhir m/ama krīṇāti-,who will buy this indra- of me for ten cows?

; yam mātā-pitror antikāt-[or sakāśāt-] krīṇīyāt-whom he may buy from his father and mother

; krīṇīṣva tad daśabhiḥ suvarṇaih-,buy that for ten suvarṇa-s): Causal P. krāpayati-

([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish creanaim,"I buy, purchase" ; Greek Lithuanian prekis,perku(?); Latin pretium; English hire.])

kṛmuka

m. a kind of tree

(see kārmuka-, krumuk/a-,and kramuka-.)

kṛś

cl.4 P. k/ṛśyati- (perf. cak/arśa-; ind.p. kṛśitvā-or karś-

), to become lean or thin, become emaciated or feeble

; to cause (the moon) to wane

: Causal karśayati-, to make thin or lean, attenuate, emaciate, keep short of food

etc. ; to lessen, diminish

([ confer, compare perhaps Latin parco,parcus.])

kṛṣ

cl.1 P. k/arṣati-, rarely A1. te- (perf. cakarṣa-,2. sg. ṣitha-

; future karkṣyati-or krakṣy-; kṛṣiṣy-

; karṣṭā-or kraṣṭā-

; Aorist akṛkṣat-[or akārkṣīt-]or akrākṣīt-,

Va1rtt. 7; infinitive mood kraṣṭum-), to draw, draw to one's self, drag, pull, drag away, tear

etc. ; to lead or conduct (as an army)

; to bend (a bow)

; to draw into one's power, become master of, overpower

; to obtain

; to take away anything (accusative) from any one (accusative)

; to draw or make furrows, plough

(A1.)

(ind.p. kṛṣṭvā-): cl.6 P. A1. kṛṣ/ati-, te- (parasmE-pada kṛṣ/at-), to draw or make furrows, plough

etc. ; A1. to obtain by ploughing

; to travel over

: Causal karṣayati-, to draw, drag

(Aorist 1. sg. acikṛṣam-)

; to draw or tear out

; to pull to and fro, cause pain, torture, torment

etc. ; "to plough" See karṣita-: Intensive (pr. p. and subjunctive 3. sg. c/arkṛṣat-; imperfect tense 3. plural acarkṛṣur-) to plough

; carīkṛṣyate- or Vedic or Veda karīk-, to plough repeatedly

([ confer, compare Lithuanian karszu,pleszau; Russian c8eshu; Latin verro,vello; Gothic falh.])

krumuka

m. (see kṛmuk/a-, kram-) a piece of wood or match used to catch the sacrificial fire when kindled by friction

kṣulika

for kṣullak/a- q.v

kū

or ku- cl.2 P. kauti- (Ved. kavīti-

), or cl.1 A1. kavate- (

) , or cl.6. kuvate- (

) , or cl.9 P. A1. kūnāti-, kūnāte- (perf. 3. plural cukuvur-

), to sound, make any noise, cry out, moan, cry (as a bird), coo, hum (as a bee) etc.

: cl.1. k/avate-, to move

: Intensive A1. kokūyate- (

) P. A1. kokavīti- and cokūyate- (

), to cry aloud

; ([ confer, compare Greek .])

kulīpaya

See līk/aya-.

kumārikā

f. of rak/a- q.v

kuśā

f. a cord (see k/aśā-)

kuśā

f. a horse's bridle (see k/aśā-)

kutas

ind. (fr. 1. ku-), from whom? (for the ablative case of 2. k/a-)

kva

ind. (fr. 1. ku-

) locative case of 2. k/a- equals kasmin-, or katarasmin-

(kva śreyas-tvam-,in whom is the preference?)

kya

n. (fr. 3. k/a-), anything agreeable to prajā-pati-

likh

(confer, compare the earlier form rikh-) cl.6 P. (

) likh/ati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense lil/ekha-

etc.; Aorist alekhīt-

; future lekhitā-, lekhiṣyati- grammar; likhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood lekhitum-,or likhitum- grammar; ind.p. lekhitvā-

; likhitvā-

; -l/ikhya-

etc.) , to scratch, scrape, furrow, tear up (the ground)

etc. ; to pick, peck (said of birds).

; to scarify, lance

; to produce by scratching etc., draw a line (with or scilicet lekhām-), engrave, inscribe, write, copy, trace, sketch, delineate, paint

etc. ; to make smooth, polish

; to graze, touch

; to unite sexually with a female(?)

(

) : Passive voice likhyate- (Aorist alekhi-), to be written

: Causal lekhayati- (or likhāpayati-; Aorist alīlikhat-), to cause to scratch or write or copy or paint

etc. ; to scratch, lance

; to write, paint

: Desiderative lilikhiṣati- or lilekhiṣati-

[ confer, compare Greek ; Lithuanian re14kti,"to cut."]

loka

m. (connected with roka-;in the oldest texts loka-is generally preceded by u-,which according to to the

= the particle 3. u-;but u-may be a prefixed vowel and ulok/a-,a collateral dialectic form of loka-; according to to others u-loka-is abridged from uru--or ava-loka-), free or open space, room, place, scope, free motion

(accusative with kṛ-or dā-or anu-- nī-,"to make room grant freedom"; loke-with genitive case"instead of")

loka

m. the earth or world of human beings etc.

etc. (ay/aṃ lok/aḥ-,"this world"; as/au-or p/aro lok/aḥ-,"that or the other world"; loke-or iha- loke-,"here on earth", opp. to para-tra-, para-loke-etc.; kṛtsne- loke-,"on the whole earth")

lokampṛṇā

f. (scilicet iṣṭakā-), Name of the bricks used for building the sacrificial altar (set up with the formula lok/am pṛna-etc., those which have a peculiar formula being called yajuṣ-matī- q.v)

lokampṛṇa

f. (scilicet ṛc-), Name of the formula lok/am pṛṇa- etc.

lokeṣṭakā

f. Name of particular bricks

(see logeṣṭak/ā-).

makhavat

mfn. (makh/a--) companion of makha- (a word used to explain magh/avat- q.v)

mroka

m. Name of a destructive agni-

(mrok/ānumroka-,

) .

mūka

mf(ā-)n. (

mūk/a-) "tied or bound"(scilicet tongue-tied), dumb, speechless, mute, silent

etc.

muṣkabhāra

(muṣk/a--) mfn. having large testicles

naghamāra

and naghā-riṣ/a- m. Name of the plant kuṣṭha- = Costus Speciosus

(see nakh/a-).

naiṣka

vṛddhi- form of niṣk/a-.

nakhanirbhinna

(kh/a-n-) mfn. split asunder with the nail

nāraka

m. (with lok/a-) hell

(also nārak/a- m.

)

navadvāra

n. plural the 9 doors or apertures (of the body; see 3. kh/a-)

nīcaśākha

See naicāśākh/a-.

niḥṣku

( sku-), to tear, rend (only ind.p. - ṣk/āvam-),

nikāma

ind. in the beginning of a compound , = (am-) according to wish or desire, to one's heart's content, abundantly, excessively

etc. (see yadā-nik/āmam-)

pac

cl.1 P. A1. (

) p/acati-, te- (cl.4. A1. p/acyate- confer, compare below; parasmE-pada pacāna-

[ confer, compare kim-pacāna-]; perfect tense papāca-[2. sg. papaktha-or pecitha-

], pecur-; pece-, pecire-[ /apeciran-,

; peciran-

]; Aorist p/akṣat-

; apākṣīt-, apakta- grammar; preceding pacyāt-

; future pakṣyati-, te-or paktā-

; ind.p. paktv/ā-

; infinitive mood p/aktave-

; paktum-,

), to cook, bake, roast, boil (A1.also "for one's self")

etc. ; (with double accusative) to cook anything out of (exempli gratia, 'for example' tandulān odanam pacati-,"he cooks porridge out of rice-grains")

; to bake or burn (bricks)

; to digest

; to ripen, mature, bring to perfection or completion

etc. ; (with double accusative) to develop or change into (exempli gratia, 'for example' puṇyāpuṇyaṃ sukhāsukham-,"merit and demerit into weal or woe")

; (intrans.) to become ripe or mature

: Passive voice pacy/ate- (ti-

; Aorist apāci- grammar), to be cooked or burnt or melted or digested or ripened or developed

etc. ; to be tormented

; also intrans. equals p/acyate- (confer, compare above) , to become ripe or mature, to develop or ripen

(with accusative of the fruit that is borne or ripens

; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 14

; lok/aḥ p/acyamānaḥ-,"the developing world"

) : Causal pācayati-, te-

(Aorist apīpacat- grammar; Passive voice pācyate-, parasmE-pada cyamāna-

) ; to cause to cook or be cooked (A1."for one's self") , to have cooked or to cook

etc. (confer, compare

) ; to cause to ripen

; to bring to completion or to an end, cure, heal

: Desiderative pipakṣati- grammar : Intensive pāpacīti- grammar ; pāpacyate-, to be much cooked, to cook very much or burn excessively, to be much afflicted

: Desiderative of Intensive pāpacishati-, te- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin coquo; Slavonic or Slavonian peka,pes8ti.])

paṅkamagna

(paṅk/a-.) mfn. immersed in mud

paryaṅkh

(only 3. sg. subjunctive A1. pary-aṅkh/ayāte-), to clasp or encircle round

pāvakavarcas

(k/a--) mfn. brightly resplendent (as agni-)

pāvakavarṇa

(k/a--) mfn. of pure or brilliant aspect

piṅgalaka

mf(ik/ā-)n. reddish-brown, yellow, tawny

plaka

See kaśa-plak/a-.

pratiṣkabh

( skabh-), only infinitive mood -ṣk/abhe-, for leaning or pressing one's self against

pṛthivīloka

m. varia lectio for vi-lok/a- q.v

puṣ

cl.1 P. (

) poṣati- (trans.) , only

; cl.4 P. (

) p/uṣyati- (trans. and intrans.; mc. also

te-)

etc. etc.; cl.9 P. (

) puṣṇāti- (trans.)

etc. (perfect tense pup/oṣa-, pupuṣyās-

; Aorist apuṣat-or apoṣīt- grammar; Potential puṣeyam-,

; preceding puṣyāsam-, sma-

; future poṣiṣyati-, pokṣyati-; poṣitā-, poṣṭā- grammar; Passive voice puṣyate-

; Aorist apoṣi- grammar; infinitive mood puṣy/ase-

), to be nourished (with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' bhāryayā-

), to thrive, flourish, prosper (also with p/oṣam-, puṣṭim-or vṛddhim-)

(rarely in later language exempli gratia, 'for example'

[see above], and sometimes in

, where also 3 sg. puṣyati-tarām-) ; to cause to thrive or prosper, nourish, foster, augment, increase, further, promote, fulfil (exempli gratia, 'for example' a wish) , develop, unfold, display, gain, obtain, enjoy, possess

etc. etc.: Causal posk/ayati- (Aorist apūpuṣat- grammar), to rear, nourish, feed, cause to thrive or prosper

etc. ; to cause to be reared or fed by (instrumental case)

: Desiderative pupoṣiṣati-, pupuṣithati-, pupukṣati- grammar : Intensive popuṣyate-, popoṣṭi-

ṛc

cl.6 P. ṛcati-, ānarca-, arcitā-, etc., = arc-1, ; to praise

(see ark/a-.)

rocuka

mfn. causing pleasure or delight

(see arocuk/a-).

rudh

(see 1. ruh-,of which this seems to be only another form) cl.1 P. r/odhati-, to sprout, shoot, grow (only r/odhati-

;and vir/odhat-,

; according to to some also parasmE-pada rudhat-,

nad/asya rudhat/aḥ k/āmaḥ-,"the desire of the growing reed" id est of the membrum virile;others,"of the husband who keeps me away", from 2. rudh-; see also nada-).

śakṛt

n. (the weak cases are optionally formed fr. a base śak/an- confer, compare

; śakṛt- Nominal verb accusative sg. and in the beginning of a compound; genitive case sg. śakn/as-

; instrumental case śakn/ā-

, or śakṛtā-

instrumental case plural ś/akabhis-

; accusative plural śakṛtas-

), excrement, ordure, feces, dung (especially cow-dung)

[ confer, compare Greek ,,; according to to some, , and Latin cacare.]

śālāvṛka

m. "house-wolf", a dog, cat, jackal etc.

(see śālāvṛk/a-).

saṃkasuka

mfn. (saṃk/as-), crumbling away

saṃkṛt

(only ind.p. -kṛtya-and -k/artam-), to cut to pieces, cut through, pierce

śaṃyos

ind. equals śaṃ-yor-vāk/a-

śāṅkha

mf(ī-)n. (fr. śaṅkh/a-) relating to or made of a conch or any shell

satya

n. truth, reality (satyena-,"truly","certainly","really"; k/asmāt s/atyāt-,"for what reason, how is it that?"t/ena saty/ena-,"for that reason, so truly"; yathā-tena-[or evaṃ-] satyena-,"as-so truly";with Buddhists truth is of two kinds, viz. saṃvṛti--and paramārtha-satyam-,"truth by general consent"and"self-evident truth"

;for the four fundamental truths of BuddhistsSee

)

etc.

skambh

or skabh- (prob. a mere phonetic variety of stambh- q.v;in native lists written skanbh-) cl.5.9. P. (

) skabhn/oti-, skabhn/āti- (according to to

also cl.1 A1. skambhate-; pr. p. skabhnuv/at-

; skabh/at-

; perfect tense cask/ambha-,2. dual number -skambh/athuḥ-

; parasmE-pada caskabhān/a-

; Aorist askambhīt- grammar; future skambhitā-, skambhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood skambhitum-

; -sk/abhe-

; ind.p. skabhitv/ī-

) to prop, support, make firm, fix, establish

: Causal skambhayati- (Aorist acaskambhat-, grammar;See skambhita-) or skabhāy/ati- (

Va1rtt. 1

;See skabhita-), to prop, support, fix

; to impede, check

skand

(confer, compare skandh-and skund-) cl.1 P. (

) skandati- (mc. also te-; cask/anda-

etc.; caskande-

etc.; Aorist askan-, sk/an-

; /askān-, skān-

; askāntsīt-

; askadat- grammar; preceding skadyāt-

; future skanttā-

; skantsyati-

; infinitive mood skanditum- grammar; -sk/ade-, -sk/adas-

; ind.p. skanttvā- grammar; -sk/andya-or -sk/adya-

; -sk/andam-

), to leap, jump, hop, dart, spring, spurt out, be spilt or effused (especially said of semen)

etc. ; (A1.) to emit seminal fluid

; to leap upon, cover (said of animals)

; to drop, fall down, perish, be lost

: Passive voice skadyate- (perf. caskade-or caskande-; Aorist askandi-) grammar : Causal skandayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist acask/andat-), to cause to jump or leap

(in explaining skanda-) ; to pour out, effuse, shed, spill, emit (especially seminal fluid)

; to omit, neglect

etc. ; to cause to coagulate, thicken

: Desiderative ciskantsati-, grammar : Intensive canīskadyate-, canīskandīti- (grammar), k/aniṣkan-, -caniṣkadat- ; (

), to leap, jump, hop etc. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin scando,de-scendo;scAlaforscant(s)la.]

ślakha

See uc-chlakh/a-.

sukarman

mfn. (-k/ar-) performing good works, virtuous

sukha

etc. See sukh/a- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order

sukha

mfn. (said to be fr. 5. su-+ 3. kha-,and to mean originally"having a good axle-hole";possibly a Prakrit form of su-stha- q.v; see duḥkha-) running swiftly or easily (only applied to cars or chariots, superl. sukh/a-tama-), easy

sukharatha

(sukh/a--) mfn. having an easily running chariot

suṣṭhudvāra

mfn. affording a good entrance (used in explaining sukh/a-)

svāhā

ind. (prob. fr. 5. su-and ah-; see dur-āhā-) hail! hail to! may a blessing rest on! (with dative case;an exclamation used in making oblations to the gods;with kṛ-[ ind.p. -k/āram-,or -kṛtya-]and accusative"to pronounce the exclamation svāhā- over")

etc.

svalpaka

mf(ik/ā-)n. very small or minute or short

svarga

mfn. (or suvarg/a-) going or leading to or being in light or heaven, heavenly, celestial (with lok/a- m.or plural = "the world of light, heavens")

etc.

svid

ind. (prob. fr. 5. su-+ id-; see kuvid-) a particle of interrogation or inquiry or doubt, often translatable by"do you think?""perhaps","pray","indeed","any"(especially used after the interrogative ka-and its derivatives exempli gratia, 'for example' kaḥ svid eṣām brāhmaṇānām anucāna-tamaḥ-,"pray who [or"who do you think"] is the most learned of these brahman-s?"

;but also without another interrogative exempli gratia, 'for example' tvaṃ svin no yājñavalkya brakmiṣṭho 'si-,"do you think yājñavalkya-, you are the greatest Brahman among us?"

;also used after uta-, api-, āho-,and utāho-,and disjunctively in the first or second or both parts of a double interrogation, thus: kiṃnu-svid-; kiṃsvid-svid-; svid-svid-; svid-utāho-; nu-svid-; svid-nu-; svid-uta-; svid-vā-; svid-kimu-; svid-kim-nukim-;sometimes making a preceding interrogative indefinite exempli gratia, 'for example' kv/a svid-,"anywhere"; k/aḥ svid-,"whoever","any one";similarly with yad- exempli gratia, 'for example' yad svid dīyate-,"whatever is given"

;sometimes apparently a mere expletive)

tama

an affix forming the superl. degree of adjectives and rarely of substantives (k/aṇva--,etc.)

tanaya

mfn. propagating a family, belonging to one's own family (often said of tok/a-)

tanaya

n. posterity, family, race, offspring, child ("grandchild" , opposed to tok/a-,"child"

)

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).,

)

tāraka

mf(ikā-[ Va1rtt. 6 ] )n. belonging to the stars

(k/a-)

tarhi

ind. see et/ar-, k/ar-.

for /iti- (after k/ā-)

tokasāti

f. (k/a--) acquisition of offspring

tokavat

mfn. (k/a--) possessing offspring

triṣaṃyukta

mfn. (n. scilicet hav/is-or k/arman-)

and

tuc

f. see t/uj-, tok/a-.

ind. on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative exempli gratia, 'for example' ya u-,he on the contrary who etc.) This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id- and eva-, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu-, vai-, hi-, cid-, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' ay/am u vām purut/amo-.. johavīti-[

], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you etc.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' t/am u stuṣa /indram t/am gṛṇīṣe-[

], him I praise, indra-, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English"now" (exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ad u t/athā n/a kuryāt-[

], that now he should not do in such a manner) , and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a u t/ac ciketa-[

], who, I ask, should know that?) pāṇini- calls this particle uñ- to distinguish it from the interrogative u-. In the pada-pāṭha- it is written ūm-. In the classical language u- occurs only after atha-, na-, and kim-, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (See kim-)

udakavat

(udak/a-) mfn. supplied or filled with water

upākacakṣas

(upāk/a-) mfn. standing present before the eyes, to be seen from near at hand

vailastha

See mak/ā-vaila-stha-.

vaṣkaya

kayaṇi-, kiha- See baṣk/aya- etc.

vaskaya

yaṇī- See baṣk/aya-.

vāva

ind. (a particle laying stress on the word preceding it, especially in relative clauses;also ha v/āv/a-, ha-[ kh/alu-] v/āv/a-, u ha vāva-, ha tv/āv/a-[q.v.]) just, indeed, even

(in

only from book vi)

vayovidyā

f. See vāyovidyik/a-.

vid

cl.2 P. (

) vetti- (vidmahe-

; vedati-, te-

; vid/ati-, te-

etc.; vindati-, te-

etc.; imperative vidāṃ-karotu-

[ confer, compare

];1. sg. imperfect tense avedam-,2. sg. avet-or aves-[

]

etc.;3. plural avidus-

[ confer, compare

]; avidan-

etc.; perfect tense v/eda-[often substituted for proper vetti- confer, compare

], 3. plural vid/us-or vidre-

; viveda-

etc.; vidāṃcak/āra-

etc.[ confer, compare

; according to to

also vidām-babhūva-]; Aorist avedīt-

; vidām-akran-

; future vedit/ā-

; vettā-

future vediṣyati-, te-

; vetsyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood v/editum-, tos-

; vettum-

etc.; ind.p. viditv/ā-

etc.), to know, understand, perceive, learn, become or be acquainted with, be conscious of, have a correct notion of (with accusative,in older, language also with genitive case;with infinitive mood = to know how to)

etc. (viddhi yathā-,"know that"; vidyāt-,"one should know","it should be understood"; ya evam veda-[in

],"who knows thus","who has this knowledge") ; to know or regard or consider as, take for, declare to be, call (especially in 3. plural vidus-,with two accusative or with accusative and Nominal verb with iti-, exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ sthaviraṃ viduḥ-,"they consider or call him aged"; rājarṣir iti māṃ viduḥ-,"they consider me a rājarṣi-")

etc. ; to mind, notice, observe, remember (with genitive case or accusative)

; to experience, feel (accusative or genitive case)

etc. ; to wish to know, inquire about (accusative)

: Causal ved/ayate- (rarely ti-; Aorist avīvidat-; Passive voice vedyate-), to make known, announce, report, tell

etc. ; to teach, explain

; to recognize or regard as, take for (two accusative)

etc. ; to feel, experience

etc.: Desiderative of Causal in vivedayiṣu- q.v : Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, to wish to know or learn, inquire about (acc)

: Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for , for equals veda-; Latin videre; Slavonic or Slavonian ve8de8ti; Gothic witan,wait; German wizzan,wissen; Anglo-Saxon wa7t; English wot.])

vikṣīṇaka

varia lectio for kṣiṇatk/a-

viṣāṇakā

f. (ak/ā-) a species of plant

viṣkambh

( skambh-; see