Sanskrit Dictionary

mfn. (grammar 223; gaRa sarvādi-

) this, this here, here (especially as pointing to what is nearest to the speaker exempli gratia, 'for example' eṣa bāṇaḥ-,this arrow here in my hand; eṣa yāti panthāḥ-,here passes the way; eṣa kālaḥ-,here id est now, is the time; etad-,this here id est this world here below)

mfn. sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns (exempli gratia, 'for example' eṣo'ham-,I, this very person here) or with omission of those pronouns (exempli gratia, 'for example' eṣa tvāṃ svargaṃ nayāmi-,I standing here will convey thee to heaven; etau praviṣṭau svaḥ-,we two here have entered)

mfn. as the subject of a sentence it agrees in gender and number with the predicate without reference to the noun to be supplied (exempli gratia, 'for example' etad eva hi me dhanam-,for this [ scilicet cow] is my only wealth

)

mfn. but sometimes the neuter singular remains (exempli gratia, 'for example' etad guruṣu vṛttiḥ-,this is the custom among guru-s

)

mfn. etad- generally refers to what precedes, especially when connected with idam-, the latter then referring to what follows (exempli gratia, 'for example' eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ- anukalpas tv ayaṃ jñeyaḥ-,this before-mentioned is the principal rule, but this following may be considered a secondary rule

)

mfn. it refers also to that which follows, especially when connected with a relative clause (exempli gratia, 'for example' eṣa caiva gurur dharmo yam pravakṣyāmy ahaṃ tava-,this is the important law, which I will proclaim to you

)

etc.

ind. in this manner, thus, so, here, at this time, now (exempli gratia, 'for example' n/a v/ā u et/an mriyase-,thou dost not die in this manner or by that

)

; ([ confer, compare Zend ae7ta; Old Persian aita; Armenian aid; Osk.eiso.])

etadādi

mfn. beginning with this, and so forth.

etadanta

mfn. terminating with this, ending thus

etadartham

ind. on this account, for this end, therefore

etc.

etadatirikta

mfn. besides this.

etadavadhi

ind. to this limit, so far.

etaddā

mfn. granting or bestowing this

etaddevatya

mfn. having this as deity

etaddvitīya

mfn. doing this for the second time

etadīya

mfn. belonging or relating to this (person or thing)

etādṛkṣa

mf(ī-)n. such, such like, so formed, of this kind, similar to this

etādṛś

mf(ī-)n. such, such like, so formed, of this kind, similar to this

etādṛśa

mf(ī-)n. such, such like, so formed, of this kind, similar to this

etadupaniṣad

mfn. following this upaniṣad-,

etadvat

ind. like this, thus.

etadyoni

mfn. of this origin

etajja

mfn. arising from this.

etanmaya

mf(ī-)n. made or consisting of this, of such a kind

etarhi

ind. now, at this time, at present, now-a-days

etc.

etatkṣaṇāt

ind. from this moment, henceforth

etatkṣaṇe

ind. in this moment, now.

etatpara

mfn. intent on or absorbed in this commentator or commentary on

etatprabhṛti

mfn. beginning with this,

etatprathama

mfn. doing this for the first time

etatsama

mfn. equal to this.

etatsamīpa

n. presence of this one.

etattṛtīya

mfn. doing this for the third time

etattulya

mfn. similar to this.

etāvanmātra

mfn. of this measure, of this quantity, so great, such

eva

ind. (in its most frequent use of strengthening the idea expressed by any word, eva-must be variously rendered by such adverbs as) just, exactly, very, same, only, even, alone, merely, immediately on, still, already, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' tvam eva yantā nānyo 'sti pṛthivyām-,thou alone art a charioteer, no other is on earth, i.e. thou art the best charioteer

; tāvatīm eva rātrim-,just so long as a night; evam- eva-or tathaiva-,exactly so, in this manner only;in the same manner as above; tenaiva mantreṇa-,with the same mantra- as above; apaḥ spṛṣṭvaiva-,by merely touching water; tān eva-,these very persons; na cirād eva-,in no long time at all; japyenaiva-,by sole repetition; abhuktvaiva-,even without having eaten; iti vadann eva-,at the very moment of saying so; sa jīvann eva-,he while still living, etc.)

etc.

evam

ind. (fr. pronominal base e-

;probably connected with 1. ev/a-), thus, in this way, in such a manner, such, (it is not found in the oldest hymns of the veda-, where its place is taken by 1. ev/a-,but occurs in later hymns ind. in the brāhmaṇa-s, especially in connection with vid-,"to know", and its derivatives[ exempli gratia, 'for example' ya evaṃ veda-,he who knows so; see evaṃ-v/id-, column 3];in classical Sanskrit evam-occurs very frequently, especially in connection with the roots vac-,"to speak", and śru-,"to hear", and refers to what precedes as well as to what follows[ exempli gratia, 'for example' evam uktvā-,having so said; evam evaitat-,this is so; evam astu-or evam bhavatu-,be it so, I assent; asty evam-,it is so; yady evam-,if this be so; kim evam-,how so? what is the meaning of it? what does this refer to? maivam-,not so! evam-- yathā-or yathā-- evam-,so - as])

etc.

evambhūtavat

mfn. furnished with anything of this kind.

evaṃkāram

ind. in this manner

evaṃnyāya

mfn. following this manner or rule of performance

evampūrva

mfn. preceded by this

gaḍuka

m. Name of a man, (plural) his descendants gaRa upakādi-.

gaganagañja

m. Name of a bodhisattva-,

gajājīva

m. "getting his livelihood by elephants", an elephant-keeper or driver

gajakūrmāśin

m. "devouring an elephant and a tortoise", Name of garuḍa- (in allusion to his swallowing both those animals whilst engaged in a contest with each other see

)

gajamaṇḍana

n. the ornaments with which an elephant is decorated (especially the coloured lines on his head)

galitanakhadanta

mfn. one who has lost his claws and teeth

galitanayana

mfn. one who has lost his eyes, blind,

gaṇa

m. the 9 assemblies of ṛṣi-s under the arhat- mahā-vīra-

gaṇadhara

m. the head of an assemblage of ṛṣi-s under the arhat- mahā-vīra-

gaṇaparvata

m. "the mountain frequented by troops of demi-gods", Name of the kailāsa- (this mountain being the residence of śiva-'s attendants as well as of the kiṃnara-s and yakṣa-s, attendants of kubera-)

gaṇḍagopāla

m. Name of a poet (called so after a verse of his)

gaṇḍavyūha

m. Name of a Buddhist sūtra- work (one of the nine

gandharva

m. a gandharva- [though in later times the gandharva-s are regarded as a class, yet in

rarely more than one is mentioned;he is designated as the heavenly gandharva-(divy/a g-

),and is also called viśvā-vasu-(

)and vāyu-keśa- (in plural

);his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters(

);his especial duty is to guard the heavenly soma-(

) , which the gods obtain through his intervention(

; see

);it is obtained for the human race by indra-, who conquers the gandharva- and takes it by force(

);the heavenly gandharva- is supposed to be a good physician, because the soma- is considered as the best medicine;possibly, however, the word soma- originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly gandharva- may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon;in one passage(

) the heavenly gandharva- and the soma- are identified;he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (

; see

);he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally (

);he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, yama- and yamī-(

) , and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them(

);for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies(

);ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly gandharva-(see -gṛhīta-, -graha-);the gandharva-s as a class have the same characteristic features as the one gandharva-;they live in the sky(

) , guard the soma-(

),are governed by varuṇa- (just as the āpsarasa-s are governed by soma-)

,know the best medicines(

),regulate the course of the asterisms(

;hence twenty-seven are mentioned

),follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them(

);as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to soma-, the gandharva-s, and agni-(

);the wives of the gandharva-s are the āpsarasa-s(see gandharvāpsar/as-),and like them the gandharva-s are invoked in gambling with dice(

);they are also feared as evil beings together with the rākṣasa-s, kimīdin-s, piśāca-s, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them(

);they are said to have revealed the veda-s to vāc-(

; see

),and are called the preceptors of the ṛṣi-s(

); purūravas- is called among them(

);in epic poetry the gandharva-s are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers(see

)who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the āpsarasa-s to indra-'s heaven, sharing also in his battles(

etc.; see

);in the more systematic mythology the gandharva-s constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided(id est gods, manes, gandharva-s

;or gods, asura-s, gandharva-s, men

; see

;or gods, men, gandharva-s, āpsarasa-s, sarpa-s, and manes

;for other enumerations see

[

]

etc.);divine and human gandharva-s are distinguished(

;the divine or deva-gandharva-s are enumerated

);another passage names 11 classes of gandharva-s(

);the chief or leader of the gandharva-s is named citra-ratha-(

);they are called the creatures of prajāpati-(

) or of brahmā-(

) or of kaśyapa- (

) or of the muni-s(

) or of prādhā-(

) or of ariṣṭā-(

)or of vāc-(

);with jaina-s the gandharva-s constitute one of the eight classes of the vyantara-s]

gāṇḍīvadhanvan

m. "having gāṇḍīva- for his bow", arjuna-

gaṇḍola

m. Name of a Buddhist temple.

gaṇeśa

m. (equals ṇa-nātha-) Name of the god of wisdom and of obstacles (son of śiva- and pārvatī-, or according to one legend of pārvatī- alone;though gaṇeśa- causes obstacles he also removes them;hence he is invoked at the commencement of all undertakings and at the opening of all compositions with the words namo gaṇeśāya vighneśvarāya-;he is represented as a short fat man with a protuberant belly, frequently riding on a rat or attended by one, and to denote his sagacity has the head of an elephant, which however has only one tusk;the appellation gaṇeśa-, with other similar compounds, alludes to his office as chief of the various classes of subordinate gods, who are regarded as śiva-'s attendants; see

;he is said to have written down the

as dictated by vyāsa-

;persons possessed, by gaṇeśa- are referred to

)

gaṅgādhara

m. "Ganges-supporter", Name of śiva- (according to the legend the Ganges in its descent from heaven first alighted on the head of śiva- and continued for a long period entangled in his hair see

)

garbha

m. the bed of a river (especially of the Ganges) when fullest id est on the fourteenth day of the dark half of the month bhādra- or in the height of the rains (the garbha- extends to this point, after which the tīra- or proper bank begins, and extends for 150 cubits, this space being holy ground)

garbhasūtra

n. Name of Buddhist sūtra- work.

gārhapatya

mfn. with agnī-, or m. (

) the householder's fire (received from his father and transmitted to his descendants, one of the three sacred fires, being that from which sacrificial fires are lighted

)

etc.

gariman

m. one of the 8 siddhi-s of śiva- (making himself heavy at will)

Introd. 15

gartikā

f. (gaRa kumudādi-) a weaver's workshop (so called because a weaver sits at his loom with his feet in a hole below the level of the floor)

garuḍa

m. (2. gṝ-

,"devourer", because garuḍa- was perhaps originally identified with the all-consuming fire of the sun's rays), Name of a mythical bird (chief of the feathered race, enemy of the serpent-race[ see

],vehicle of viṣṇu-[ see

pp. 65; 104; 288] , son of kaśyapa- and vinatā-;shortly after his birth he frightened the gods by his brilliant lustre;they supposed him to be agni-, and requested his protection;when they discovered that he was garuḍa-, they praised him as the highest being, and called him fire and sun

; aruṇa-, the charioteer of the sun or the personified dawn, is said to be the elder [or younger see

]brother of garuḍa-; svāhā-, the wife of agni-, takes the shape of a female garuḍī- equals suparṇī-

)

etc.

garuḍaketu

m. "having garuḍa- for his symbol", viṣṇu- or kṛṣṇa-.

gati

f. the course of the soul through numerous forms of life, metempsychosis, condition of a person undergoing this migration

etc.

gaura

n. of several rivers (one originally the wife of prasena-jit- or yuvanāśva-, changed by his curse into the river bāhu-dā-

)

([ confer, compare Latin gilvus?])

gavākṣin

m. Trophis aspera

gaya

m. of a son (of amūrta-rajas-,

;of āyus-,

;of a manu-

;of havir-dhāna- by dhiṣaṇā-

;of ūru- by āgneyī-

;of vitatha-,

;of sudyumna-,

;of nakta- by druti-,

)

gayā

f. (gaRa varaṇādi-) the city gayā- (famous place of pilgrimage in Behar and residence of the saint gaya-; see

;sanctified by viṣṇu- as a tribute to the piety of gaya-, the rājarṣi-, or (according to another legend) to gaya-, the asura-, who was overwhelmed here with rocks by the gods;the śrāddha- should be performed once at least in the life of every Hindu to his progenitors at gayā-)

gāyatra

mf(ī-)n. the gāyatrī- (id est

; t/at savit/ur v/areṇyam bh/argo dev/asya dhīmahi dh/iyo y/o naḥ pracod/ayāt-

etc.;this is a very sacred verse repeated by every Brahman at his morning and evening devotions;from being addressed to savitṛ- or the Sun as generator, it is also called sāvitrī-; see

;the gāyatrī- verse is personified as a goddess, the wife of brahmā- and mother of the four veda-s

;it is often mentioned in connection with the amṛta-, both together constituting as it were the essence and type of sacred hymns in general

;the gāyatrī- personified is also considered as the mother of the first three classes in their capacity of twice-born

; see

;some other verse [perhaps

] is denoted by gāyatrī-

;with tāntrika-s a number of mystical verses are called gāyatrī-s, and each deity has one in particular)

ghanavyūha

m. Name of a Buddhist sūtra-.

ghaṇṭāśabdapāṇi

mfn. having a bell in his hand (an executioner)

ghariṇīstūpa

m. Name of a Buddhist tope,

ghora

mf(/ā-)n. (see ghur-) venerable, awful, sublime (gods, the aṅgiras-, the ṛṣi-s)

ghrāṇaśravas

m. "renowned for his nose", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

ghṛtakauśika

m. plural his family

ghṛtapa

mfn. drinking only ghee (a class of ṛṣi-s)

ghṛtapṛṣṭha

mf(ā-)n. (t/a--) one whose back is brilliant with ghee (especially agni- and his horses)

ghṛtapṛṣṭha

m. Name of a son of priya-vrata- by barhiṣmatī- (sovereign of krauñca-dvīpa-)

ghūkāvāsa

m. "abode of owls", Trophis aspera

ghurghurāya

Nom. A1. yate-, to whistle (said of a wound),

gir

f. speech, speaking, language, voice, words (exempli gratia, 'for example' mānuṣīṃ giraṃ-1. kṛ-,to assume a human voice

; girāṃ prabhaviṣṇuḥ-[

]or pati-[

]= gir-īśa- q.v; tad-girā-,on his advice

) ,

etc.

gītārtha

m. an ascetic who has (sung id est) finished his studies

m. Name of two ṛṣi-s of the

(with the patronymic āṅgirasa-[

] and māyūka-)

gocārin

mfn. one who seeks his nourishment like a cow, seeking food with the mouth (said of certain yati-s see mṛga-c-)

(see

gokula

n. a village or tract on the yamunā- (residence of nanda- and of kṛṣṇa- during his youth

;[

] the inhabitants of that place)

gokulika

m. plural Name of a Buddhist sect.

gopadatta

m. Name of a Buddhist author.

gopāṣṭamī

f. the 8th day in the light half of month kārttika- (on which kṛṣṇa- who had formerly been a keeper of calves became a cowherd;cows are especially to be worshipped on this day)

goṣaka

m. (fr. -ṣ/an-), Name of a Buddhist author.

goṣṭhaśva

m. (fr. śv/an-) "a dog in a cow-pen which barks at every one", one who stays at home and slanders his neighbours, malicious or censorious person

gotra

n. "family enclosed by the hurdle", family, race, lineage, kin

etc. (a polysyllabic fem. in ī-shortens this vowel before gotra-in compound [ exempli gratia, 'for example' brāhmaṇigotrā-,"a Brahman woman only by descent or name"

]

)

gotra

n. (in grammar) the grandson and his descendants if no older offspring of the same ancestor than this grandson lives (if the son lives the grandson is called yuvan-)

gotrabhid

m. "splitting the mountains (with his thunderbolt see adri-bh/id-) ", indra-

grahamātṛkā

f. Name of a Buddhist goddess.

graiveyaka

m. plural a class of deities (9 in number) who have their seat on the neck of the loka-puruṣa- or who form his necklace

gṛhabhaṅga

m. "driven from his house", an exile

gṛhamedhin

m. the householder who performs the domestic rites, a married Brahman who has a household, a Brahman in the 2nd period of his life

etc.

gṛhamedhivrata

n. a rite observed by a householder along with his wife

gṛhapati

m. a Brahman of the 2nd order who after having finished his studies marries

gṛhastha

m. a householder, Brahman in the 2nd period of his religious life (performing the duties of the master of a house and father of a family after having finished his studies and after investiture with the sacred thread; see

pp. 138; 150; 362 & 386)

gṛhītākṣara

mf(ā-)n. one who has received into his mind the syllables or the sounds (of speech genitive case)

(in Prakrit).

gṛhītavetana

mfn. one who has received his wages, paid

guhavāhana

n. " skanda-'s vehicle" id est his peacock

guhyaka

m. Name of a class of demi-gods who like the yakṣa-s are attendants of kubera- (the god of wealth) and guardians of his treasures (they may have received their N. from living in mountain caverns)

etc. (identified with yakṣa-s

)

gumpha

m. a whisker

guṇākara

m. of a Buddhist

guṇakaraṇḍavyūha

m. Name of a Buddhist work (see kar-.)

guṇaprabha

m. Name of a Buddhist teacher.

guṇḍaka

m. dust, powder

guṅgu

m. (Intensive 3. gu-) "Name of a man" m. plural his descendants

gurutalpa

m. the violation of a teacher's bed (intercourse with his wife)

gurutalpa

m. a violator of his teacher's bed

gurutalpaga

mfn. one who violates his teacher's bed

etc.

gurvartha

mfn. one who seeks to provide a maintenance for his Guru

halīmaka

m. a particular form of jaundice (in this sense prob. connected with hariman-)

haṃsajihva

m. "goose-tongued", Name of a man, plural his family

haṃsavatī

f. a verse containing the word haṃsa- (applied to

,in which the sun in the form of dadhi-krā-, here called haṃsa-, is identified with para-brahman- or the Supreme Being;this verse is also found in

)

hanumat

m. "having (large) jaws", Name of a monkey-chief (one of the most celebrated of a host of semi-divine monkey-like beings, who, according to

,were created to become the allies of rāma-candra- in his war with rāvaṇa-; hanumat- was held to be a son of pavana- or māruta-,"the Wind";and is fabled to have assumed any form at will, wielded rocks, removed mountains, mounted the air, seized the clouds, and rivalled garuḍa- in swiftness of flight;according to other legends, hanumat- was son of śiva-;his mother's name was añjanā- q.v;in modern times hanumat- is a very common village god in the Dekhan, Central and Upper India see

)

etc.

hāraka

m. Trophis Aspera

haraṇa

n. a gift to a student at his initiation

hari

m. (especially) Name of viṣṇu-kṛṣṇa- (in this sense thought by some to be derived from hṛ-,"to take away or remove evil or sin")

etc.

haricandana

m. yellow sandal

etc. (in this sense prob. only n.), one of the five trees of paradise (the other four being pārijāta-, mandāra-, saṃtāna-, and kalpa-)

haridrā

f. Curcuma Longa, turmeric or its root ground to powder (46 synonyms of this plant are given)

etc.

harihariharivāha

m. (with Buddhists) Name of a lokeśvara-

harikeśa

m. of a yakṣa- (who propitiated śiva- and was made by him a leader of his gaṇa-s and a guardian of fields, and fruits;See daṇḍa-pāṇi-)

harikutsa

m. plural his family

hariścandra

m. Name of the 28th king of the solar dynasty in the tretā- age (he was son of tri-śaṅku-, and was celebrated for his piety; according to to the mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa- he gave up his country, his wife and his son, and finally himself, to satisfy the demands of viśvāmitra-;after enduring incredible sufferings, he won the pity of the gods and was raised with his subjects to heaven : according to to

, his performance of the rāja-sūya- sacrifice was the cause of his elevation, and in the aitareya-brāhmaṇa- quite another legend is told about himSee under śunaḥśepa-, : in later legends hari-ścandra- is represented as insidiously induced by nārada- to relate his actions with unbecoming pride, whereupon he was degraded from svarga-, one stage at each sentence, till stopping in time and doing homage to the gods he was fixed with his capital in mid-air;his aerial city is popularly believed to be still visible in the skies at particular times; see saubha-)

etc.

hariśipra

mfn. (h/ari--) having yellow (golden) cheek-guards on (his) helmet

hārita

m. "descendant of harita-", Name of a son of viśvāmitra- (plural his family, also called haritāḥ-)

harivaṃśa

mn. (scilicet purāṇa-) Name of a celebrated poem supplementary to the mahā-bhārata- on the history and adventures of kṛṣṇa- and his family (it is usually regarded as part of the greater epic, though really a comparatively modern addition to it; see

)

hastāgni

m. plural his family

hastināpura

n. (less correctly hastina-p-or hastinī-.) Name of a city founded by king hastin- q.v (it was situated about fifty-seven miles north-east of the modern Delhi on the banks of an old channel of the Ganges, and was the capital of the kings of the Lunar line, as ayodhyā- was of the Solar dynasty;hence it forms a central scene of action in the mahābhārata-;here yudhi-ṣṭhira- was crowned after a triumphal progress through the streets of the city;See

: other names for this celebrated town are gajāhvaya-, nāga-sāhvaya-, nāgāhva-, hāctina-)

hatadviṣ

mfn. one who has slain his enemies

hatasvara

mfn. one who has lost his voice, hoarse

hatavīrya

mfn. one who has lost his virility or vigour

haviṣmat

m. of one of the 7 ṛṣi-s in the 6th manv-antara- or of one (or two) in the 11sth

havyapa

m. "protector of oblations", Name of one of the 7 ṛṣi-s in the 13th manv-antara-

havyavāhana

m. of one of the 7 ṛṣi-s under manu- rohita- or sāvarṇa-

helārāja

m. Name of a historian (used by kalhaṇa- for his rāja-taraṃgiṇī-) and of a grammarian

hemamṛga

m. a golden deer (according to a story told in

,the rākṣasa- mārīca- transformed himself into a golden deer and so captivated rāma- and his wife sītā-, that the former left his forest-home to pursue it;during his absence rāvaṇa- q.v,disguised as a mendicant, presented himself before sītā- and carried her off).

hetu

m. "impulse", motive, cause, cause of, reason for (locative case,rarely dative case or genitive case; hetunā-, hetoḥ-, hetave-, hetau-,"for a cause or reason","by reason of","on account of"[with genitive case or compound exempli gratia, 'for example' mama hetoḥ-or mad-dhetoḥ-,"on account of me"]; kaṃ hetum-or ko heṭuḥ-,"wherefore?""why?"

; yato hetoḥ-,"because"; anena hetunā-or iti hetoḥ-,"for this reason"; mṛtyu-hetave-,"in order to kill"; hetur alaukikaḥ-,"a supernatural cause"; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' hetu-also ="having as a cause or motive","caused or effected or actuated or attracted or impelled by" exempli gratia, 'for example' karma-hetu-,"caused by the acts [of a former existence]"

; māṃsa-hetu-,"attracted by [the smell of] flesh"

; karma-phala-hetu-,"impelled by [the expectation of] the consequences of any act"

)

etc.

hetu

m. (with Buddhists) primary cause (as opp. to pratyaya- q.v)

hevajra

m. Name of a Buddhist god

hikkala

(?) , the staff of a Buddhist monk

himālaya

m. "abode of snow", the himālaya- range of mountains (bounding India on the north and containing the highest elevations in the world;in mythology personified as husband of menā- or menakā- [by whom he had a son maināka-] and father of pārvatī-,"daughter of the Mountain", and of gaṅgā-, who, as the personified Ganges, is generally regarded as his eldest daughter)

etc.

hinānnavastraveṣa

mfn. (a brahma-cārin-) eating less food (than his preceptor) and wearing an inferior dress

hīnārtha

mfn. one who has fallen short of his object or lost his advantage

hīnayāna

n. "simpler or lesser vehicle", Name of the earliest system of Buddhist doctrine (opp. to mahāyāna-;See yāna-).

hiraṇyagarbha

m. Name of brahmā- (so called as born from a golden egg formed out of the seed deposited in the waters when they were produced as the first creation of the Self-existent;according to

,this seed became a golden egg, resplendent as the sun, in which the Self-existent brahma- was born as brahmā- the Creator, who is therefore regarded as a manifestation of the Self-existent

)

etc. (see

)

hiraṇyakaśipu

m. Name of a daitya- king noted for impiety (he was son of kaśyapa- and diti-, and had obtained a boon from brahmā- that he should not be slain by either god or man or animal; hence he became all-powerful; when, however, his pious son prahlāda- praised viṣṇu-, that god appeared out of a pillar in the form nara-siṃha-,"half man, half lion" , and tore hiraṇya-kaśipu- to pieces; this was viṣṇu-'s fourth avatāra-;See pra-hlāda-, nara-siṃha-)

(see

)

hiraṇyākṣa

m. Name of a noted daitya- (twin brother of hiraṇya-kaśipu-, and killed by viṣṇu-, in his third or varṣa- avatāra-)

(

)

hiraṇyāṅga

m. plural his family

hiraṇyaretasa

m. plural his family

hiraṇyaroman

m. of various ṛṣi-s

hitāvat

mfn. one who has put away or hidden his property

hrīdeva

m. Name of a Buddhist deity

hutasaṃvikta

m. (according to to some) one who has sacrificed his individuality or blended it with the Universal Soul (See saṃvitka-)

base of Nominal verb and accusative sg. dual number and plural of the demonstrative pronoun idam-,"this"or"that"

cl.2 P. /eti- (imperative 2. sg. ih/i-) and 1. P. A1. /ayati-, ayate- ([ confer, compare ay-]), (perfect tense iyāya-[2. sg. iy/atha-

, and iy/etha-

] future eṣyati-; Aorist aiṣīt-; infinitive mood etum-, /etave-

and

, /etav/ai-

/etos-

ity/ai-

) to go, walk ; to flow ; to blow ; to advance, spread, get about ; to go to or towards (with accusative), come

etc. ; to go away, escape, pass, retire

; to arise from, come from

; to return (in this sense only future)

; (with punar-) to come back again, return

etc. ; to succeed

; to arrive at, reach, obtain

etc. ; to fall into, come to ; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (confer, compare ita-) ; to undertake anything (with accusative) ; to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a participle or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti-,"the asura-s and Rakshases are being continually crushed"

; gavāmayaneneyuḥ-,"they, were engaged in the [festival called] gavāmayana-"

) ; to appear, be

: Intensive A1. /īyate- (

; parasmE-pada iyān/a-

; infinitive mood iy/adhyai-

) to go quickly or repeatedly ; to come, wander, run, spread, get about

; to appear, make one's appearance

; to approach any one with requests (with two accusative), ask, request

: Passive voice /īyate-, to be asked or requested

: Causal āyayati-, to cause to go or escape

; ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin e-o,i1-mus,i-ter,etc.; Lithuanian ei-mi4,"I go"; Slavonic or Slavonian i-du7,"I go",i-ti,"to go"; Gothic i-ddja,"I went."])

idā

ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i-

), Ved. now, at this moment

idādika

(idādika-) mfn. beginning now or with this moment.

idadvasu

mfn. rich in this and that

ay/am-, iy/am-, id/am- (fr. id-

; gaRa sarvādi-

;a kind of neut. of the pronominal base 3. i-with am-[ confer, compare Latin is,ea,id,andidem];the regular forms are partly derived from the pronominal base a-;See grammar 224;the veda- exhibits various irregular formations exempli gratia, 'for example' fr. pronominal base a-,an inst. en/ā-, ay/ā-[used in general adverbially], and genitive case locative case dual number ay/os-,and perhaps also av/os-,in

[

];fr. the base ima-,a genitive case singular im/asya-,only

;the

has in a few instances the irregular accentuation /asmai-,

; /asya-,

; /ābhis-,

: the forms derived fr. a-are used enclitically if they take the place of the third personal pronoun, do not stand at the beginning of a verse or period, and have no peculiar stress laid upon them) , this, this here, referring to something near the speaker

(opposed to adas- exempli gratia, 'for example' ayaṃ lokaḥ-or idaṃ viśvam-or idaṃ sarvam-,this earthly world, this universe; ayam agniḥ-,this fire which burns on the earth;but asāv agniḥ-,that fire in the sky, i.e. the lightning: so also idam-or iyam-alone sometimes signifies"this earth"; ime smaḥ-,here we are.) idam- often refers to something immediately following, whereas etad- points to what precedes (exempli gratia, 'for example' śrutvaitad idam ūcuḥ-,having heard that they said this) . idam- occurs connected with yad-, tad-, etad-, kim-, and a personal pronoun, partly to point out anything more distinctly and emphatically, partly pleonastically (exempli gratia, 'for example' tad idaṃ vākyam-,this speech here following; so 'yaṃ vidūṣakaḥ-,this vidūṣaka- here) .

ind. ([Ved. and in a few instances in classical Sanskrit]) here, to this place

ind. in this manner

(varia lectio for iti-in kim iti joṣam āsyate-,

) .

idamdvitīya

mfn. doing this for the second time

idammaya

mf(ī-)n. made or consisting of this

idamprakāram

ind. in this manner

idamprathama

mfn. doing this for the first time

idamprathama

mfn. having this as the first or best

idamprathama

mfn. being by this the first commentator or commentary on

idaṃrūpa

(id/aṃ-) mfn. having this shape

idamtā

f. the being this, identity

idamtana

mfn. being now, living in this time commentator or commentary on

idamtṛtīya

mfn. doing this for the third time commentator or commentary on

idaṃvid

mfn. knowing this or conversant with this

idaṃyu

(idaṃ-), desiring this

idaṃyugīna

mfn. belonging to this cosmic period,

idānīm

ind. now, at this moment, in this case, just, even (with genitive case of ahan- exempli gratia, 'for example' idānīm ahnaḥ-,this present day,"now-a-days"; idānīm eva-,just now;immediately; idānīm api-,in this case too; tata idānīm-,thereupon, then)

īdṛkṣa

mf(ī-)n. (fr. id-,neut. of pronominal base 3. i-,and dṛkṣa-, dṛś-,dropping one d-and lengthening the preceding i-; see tadṛkṣa-from tad-,etc.) , of this aspect, of such a kind, endowed with such qualities, such-like

ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i-), in this place, here

ind. to this place

ind. in this world

ind. in this book or system

ind. in this case (exempli gratia, 'for example' teneha na-,"therefore not in this case" id est the rule does not apply here)