din amfn. do -see svayaṃ -din a(dā -See a -saṃ - din a(accented only mn. gaRa ardharcā -n. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' also in Vedic texts) in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā - confer, compare Latin peren-dinus,nUndinusetc.; Got.sin-teins; Lit.de0na; O.Pr. accusative sg. deinan; Slavonic or Slavonian dr2ni1.] din abalam. Name of the 5th-8th, 11th and 12th signs of the zodiac collectively din abandhum. din abhartṛm. equals nātha -din acaryāf. din acchidrān. din acchidrān. din acchidrān. din ādhinātha m. din ādhīśam. din ādim. din aduḥkhitamfn. din aduḥkhitam. cakra -vāka -din āgamam. din agaṇam. equals ahar -din agaṇitan. Name of work din agraham. din aikam. din ajyotisn. din akaramf(ī - din akaram. din akaram. Name of an āditya -din akaram. work candrārkī -din akaram. Scholiast or Commentator on miśra -d -din akaram. din akarabhaṭṭam. Name of an author din akarabhaṭṭīyan. work din akaradevam. Name of a poet din akaratanayam. din akaraṭippanīf. Name of a commentator or commentary din akarātmajam. patronymic of the yamunā -din akarīf. scilicet ṭīkā -Name of commentator or commentary on the siddhānta -muktāvalī -din akarīyan. Name of work din akaroddyotam. Name of work din akartavyan. din akartṛm. din akāryan. equals kartavya -din akesara(also written śara -m. din akeśava m. din akṛtm. equals kartṛ -din akṛtsutam. equals karatanaya -din akṛtyan. equals kartavya -diva -k -din akṣayam. din akṣayam. equals tithi -din akṣayam. Name of a chapter of din amalan. din amaṇim. din amaṇisārathim. aruṇa -din ammanyāf. din amukhan. din amūrdhanm. see uday/a -din anaktamind. din anātham. din āṇḍan. id est day-veil or day-cover) , darkness din aniśf. dual number din ānśa m. din ānśakam. din āntam. din āntakam. din apam. din apākinmfn. din apatim. idem or 'm. din apatim. din apāṭikāf. varia lectio ) din aprabhāf. equals jyotis -din apraṇīm. see tithi -din arājam. din ārambham. din arāśim. see ahar -gaṇa -din aratnan. equals maṇi -din ārdham. din ārdham. din ārdham. din asaṃcayam. equals rāśi -din aspriśn. din āstran. Name of a magical formula din augham. equals dina -rāśi -din avāram. din āvasānan. din avyāsadalan. din dimam. Name of a man din eśam. equals na -pati -din eśātmajam. din eśvaram. equals na -nā -din ikāf. din īkṛto reduce to days din naprob. equals diṇṇa -q.v ) din nāgrāmam. Name of a village see dharma -din nāram. idem or 'f. idem or 'm. ' din nasūrim. Name of a man din odayam. din opavāsinmfn. din vcl.1 P. dinvati -abhedin mfn. abhimardin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) oppressing abhimardin mfn. abhinandin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) abhiṣyandin mfn. abhiṣyandin mfn. abhiṣyandin mfn. abhiṣyandin syandin mfn. abhiṣyandin syandin mfn. abhiṣyandin syandin mfn. abhivādin mfn. abhivādin m. ācchādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' covering, concealing adhidin a n. adhikadin a n. id est an intercalated day (see adhi -dina -ādin (ad -mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' eating, devouring ādin āntam ind. ādin ātha m. Name of ādibuddha -ādin ātha m. jina -ādin ātha m. ādin ava n. see ādīnava -ādin avadarśa mfn. adrinandin ī f. Name of pārvatī -advaitavadin m. Name (also title or epithet) of śaṃkara -advaitavadin of buddha - advaitavādin m. advayavādin m. advaya -buddha -jaina -see advaita -vadin -adyadin a m. n. āgatanandin ([or /ā -gata -nardin -mfn. gaRa yuktā -ādi -q.v ) agnivādin m. agnyutsādin mfn. aguṇavādin mfn. ahaṃvādin mfn. See an -ahaṃv -ahetuvādin m. ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding ahīnavādin mfn. āhlādin mfn. ājñāsampādin mfn. akhedin mfn. ākrandin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' invoking in a weeping tone alpavādin mfn. āmardin mfn. āmodin mfn. āmodin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' fragrant or perfumed with exempli gratia, 'for example' kadambā -kadamba -āmodin m. amoghanandin ī f. Name of a śikṣā -anādin mfn. anādin idhana mfn. anahaṃvādin mfn. equals an -ahaṃkṛta -ānandin mfn. ānandin mfn. ānandin mfn. Name of a man. ananyavandin mfn. anekāntavādin m. anekāntavādin m. jaina -arhat -jaina -anekātmavādin mfn. Scholiast or Commentator aṅgadin mfn. aṅgamardin m. aṅgamardin m. aṅgamarda -aṅgārakadin a m. n. caitra -anīśvaravādin m. annādin ([ mfn. anṛtavādin mfn. anudin am ind. anugādin mfn. anumodin mfn. genitive case ), anunādin mfn. anupadin m. aṇuvādin mfn. anuvādin mfn. anuvādin mfn. anuvādin ī f. anyathāvādin mfn. anya -vādin -anyathāvādin m. ī -anyathāvādin m. anyūnārthavādin mfn. āpādin mfn. compound ), apavādin mfn. apramādin mfn. aprativādin mfn. apriyavādin ([ mfn. aravindin ī f. gaRa puṣkarā -q.v ) an assemblage of lotus flowers arbudin mfn. arkadin a n. arthavādin mfn. asaṃdin a mfn. idem or 'mfn. asatkāryavādin m. naiyāyika -asatyavādin mfn. askandin mfn. āskandin mfn. āskandin mfn. āskandin mfn. āskandin mfn. aśvasādin m. idem or 'm. aśvavṛndin mfn. atimadhyandin a n. ativādin mfn. ātmanepadin mfn. commentator or commentary ātodin mfn. ātodin and ā -todya -See ā - avabhedin mfn. avādin mfn. gaRa grāhy -ādi -q.v ) not speaking, not disputing, peaceable avaskandin mfn. See gaurā -avaskandin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' attacking avedin mfn. āvedin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' announcing, declaring. aviṣādin mfn. avisaṃvādin mfn. avivādin mfn. abhi -āyurvedin m. idem or 'm. baddhagudin mfn. bāhubhedin m. Name of viṣṇu -bahuvādin mfn. bahvādin mfn. bāhyārthavādavādin mfn. bālavinodin ī f. Name of work balīvardin m. Name of a man gaRa śubhrā -baliv -balīvardin eya m. balīvardī -bālīvardin eya m. patronymic fr. balīvardin -gaRa śubhrā -bālīvardin eya m. balīvardī -gaRa kalyāṇy -ādi -see balīvardineya -bandin m. vandin -q.v ,and metri causa di -kṣatriya -śūdra -bandin m. vandin -bandin m. See grāha -bāṣpadurdin a mfn. bāṣpadurdin ākṣa mf(ā -ī - bhadravādin mfn. bhānudin a n. see vāra -bhāskaradin a n. bhāskaranandin m. bhāṭṭadin akara m. Name of work (and bhāṭṭadinakarīya rīya -n. bhāṭṭadin akarīya n. bhāṭṭadin akarīya n. bhāṭṭadinakara bhavanandin m. Name of a man bhaviṣyadvādin mfn. bhedābhedavādin m. bhedavādin m. bhedavādin m. Name of commentator or commentary on bhedin mfn. bhedin mfn. See dvi -netra -bh -bhedin mfn. bhedin mfn. bhedin mfn. bhedin mfn. bhedin mfn. bhedin mfn. bhedin mfn. ablative ) bhedin mfn. bheda -bhedin mfn. philosophy ) one who separates spirit and matter or holds the doctrine of dualism bhedin m. bhedin ī f. tāntrika -Name of a particular śakti -bhinnamaryādin (mfn. bhovādin mfn. bhoḥ -bhrādin ī f. particular śruti -bhrūbhedin mfn. bhūdin a n. bhūmibhedin mfn. bhūtavādin mfn. brahmadin a n. brahmā -brahmanandin m. Name of two authors brahmānandin m. brahmānanda brahmavādin mfn. veda -f inī - brahmavāditva di -tva -n. brahmavādin mfn. brahma -vedā -brahmavedin mfn. equals vid -veda -bṛhadvādin mfn. budhadin a n. bhaṭṭo -cakrabhedin ī f. cakra -see bāndhava -cakramedin ī for bhedinī - cāruvādin mfn. caturvedin mfn. equals vidya -caturvyūhavādin m. puruṣo -vāsudeva -saṃkarṣaṇa -pradyumna -aniruddha -vaiṣṇava -cedin agarī f. equals tri -purī -chadin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' covering, chadin mfn. See daśa -chadin mfn. pattra -equals dhārā -Scholiast or Commentator ) chādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' hiding, obscuring chādin ī f. chedin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' cutting off, tearing asunder chedin mfn. dādin mfn. dainaṃdin a mf(ī - dainaṃdin adānakāṇḍa mn. Name of work dainaṃdin asadācāradarpaṇa m. Name of work dānadin akara m. Name of work daṇḍavādin mfn. daṇḍavādin m. daśacchadin mfn. dāśanandin ī f. Name of satyavatī -vyāsa -dāsanandin ī See dāśa -dauhṛdin ī (equals daurhṛ -See daur -dauḥ - dauhṛdin ī f. id est a pregnant woman, = dvihṛdayā -confer, compare dohada -daurhṛdin ī f. dehātmavādin m. cārvāka -devadin na m. idem or 'm. datta - , Name of a son of devadatta -devanandin m. Name of one of indra -devanandin m. dhanurvedin mfn. dhanurvedin m. Name of śiva -dharmadin nā f. pāli -equals dattā -Name of a female dharmanandin m. Name of a Buddhist author. dharmavādin mfn. dhātuvādin m. dhṛṣṭavādin mfn. dhvanamodin m. dohadin mfn. locative case or compound ), Vssav. dohadin m. aśoka -dravyavādin mfn. equals prec. (opp. to jāti -duddādin mfn. durdin a n. durdin a mfn. durdin agrastabhāskara mfn. durdin āya Nom. A1. yate -Va1rtt. 1 durdyūtavedin m. wrong reading for devin -Name of śakuni -durmadin m. dūṣaṇatāvādin m. commentator or commentary dvaitavādin m. see a -dv -dvayavādin mfn. dvinetrabhedin mfn. dvivedin mfn. equals veda -ekānnanaktabhojinādin mfn. gadin mfn. da -gadin mfn. dā -kṛṣṇa -gadin m. Name of kṛṣṇa -gajādin āmā f. gaja -equals ja -pippalī -gambhīravedin mfn. gambhīravedin mfn. gandhamādin ī f. gandhamādin ī f. equals danī -gandhamādin ī f. equals dho -gāndin ī f. Name of a princess of kāśi -śvaphalka -a -krūra -gāndin ī f. gāndī -gāndin ī f. Name of gaṅgā -varia lectio ndhinī -gāndin īsuta m. gāndinī -a -krūra -gāndin īsuta m. equals gāṅgāyani -bhīṣma -garbhavedin ī f. equals dana -gardabhanādin mfn. garhyavādin mfn. gatadin a n. gatadin am ind. gehenardin mfn. idem or 'mfn. idem or 'mfn. idem or 'mfn. idem or 'mfn. gaRa pātresamitā -yuktā -ādi - girinandin ī f. girinandin ī f. equals duhitṛ -gītamodin m. kiṃnara -govatsādin m. govindin ī f. Name of a fragrant plant grāmyavādin m. gṛhabhedin mfn. guṇavādin mfn. guṇavedin mfn. guṇavedin mfn. compound ) gurudin a n. haṃsanādin mfn. haṃsanādin ī f. hārdin mfn. locative case ) haribodhadin a n. Name of a festival day haridin a n. viṣṇu -haridin atilaka m. Name of work harinandin m. gaRa kṣubhnā -hetuvādin m. himadurdin a n. hīnavādin mfn. hīnavādin mfn. See hīna -hīnavādin mfn. hīnavādin mfn. hiraṇyakaśipucchedin (m. Name of viṣṇu - hitavādin mfn. hlādin mfn. hlāditva di -tva -n. hlādin mfn. varia lectio hrādin -hlādin ī f. see hrādi -nī -hlādin ī f. indra -hlādin ī f. hlādin ī f. particular śakti -hlādin ī f. Name of the sound d -hlādin ī f. Name of a river hradin mfn. hrādin mfn. See column 2) equals hradin -hrādin mfn. See column 1) sounding, noisy, very loud hradin ī f. hrādin ī f. hrādin ī f. Name of a river (varia lectio hradinī -Scholiast or Commentator ) hrādin ī f. hrādin ī f. indra -hṛdayonmādin ī f. particular śruti -hyastanadin a n. indin dirā f. indramedin (/indra -mfn. indra - indudin a n. iṣṭasaṃpādin mfn. jaladhinandin ī f. equals jā -jambhabhedin m. jambha -indra -janakanandin i f. equals tanayā -janapadin m. janavādin m. janmadin a n. equals tithi -jumaranandin m. idem or 'm. see jaum - jūmaranandin m. equals jum -kadin driya n. plural bad organs of sense kadin driya mfn. kadin driyagaṇa m. mfn. idem or 'mfn. kakubhādin ī f. kakubha -see nalī -kakudin m. kalānunādin m. kalānunādin m. cātaka -kalānunādin m. kālānunādin for kal -q.v kalindanandin ī f. idem or 'f. idem or 'f. Name (also title or epithet) of the river yamunā - kāmaśaronmādin ī f. Name of a surā -kāmavādin mfn. kāmonmādin ī f. Name of a surā -kāñcanāṅgadin mfn. aṅgada -kandin m. kanyāvedin m. kapardin mfn. rudra -pūṣan -kapardin mfn. kapardin m. Name of śiva -kapardin m. rudra -kapardin m. yakṣa -kapardin m. kapardin ī f. Name of a goddess kāraṇavādin m. karmandin m. karmanda -karmandin m. equals bhikṣu -karuṇavedin mfn. kāruṇyavedin mfn. kavitāvedin mfn. kavitāvedin mfn. kevalādin mfn. khādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' eating khādin mfn. marut -equals khād/i -khanyavādin m. kharanādin mfn. kharanādin m. Name of a man gaRa bāhv -ādi -kharanādin m. ṛṣi -kharanādin ī f. khedin mfn. see a -kheditva -khedin ī f. khedin ī f. aśana -parṇī -kimīdin m. Name of a class of evil spirits kimīdin ī f. idem or 'm. Name of a class of evil spirits kledin mfn. kledin ī f. Name of a plant varia lectio ketakī -kokanadin ī f. koṇavādin m. Name of śiva -kosalānandin ī f. Name (also title or epithet) of ayodhyā -kriyāvādin m. commentator or commentary on kriyāvādin m. kṛṣṇanandin m. Name (also title or epithet) of a poet, kṛtavedin mfn. equals jña -kṛtavedin mfn. kṣaṇabhaṅgavādin mfn. kṣāntivādin mfn. kṣāntivādin m. Name of a ṛṣi -kṣāntivarṇavādin mfn. kṣepadin a n. equals kṣayā -q.v ) kṣitidin a n. sāvana -kṣititanayadin a n. kṣuramardin m. kudin a n. kudin a n. kudin a n. equals kṣiti -d -kudin a See 2. ku -kuḍyacchedin m. kujadin a n. id est Tuesday kumudin ī f. gaRa puṣkarā -kumuda -kumudin ī f. Name of the daughter of a daitya -kumudin ī f. raghu -deva -kumudin īnāyaka m. equals kumuda -bandhu -kumudin īpati m. idem or 'm. equals kumuda -bandhu - kumudin īvadhūvara m. idem or 'm. idem or 'm. equals kumuda -bandhu - kumudin īvanitā f. kuṇḍabhedin mfn. kuṇḍabhedin m. Name of a son of dhṛtarāṣṭra -kundin ī f. kuṣīdin m. Name of a teacher (for kuśīti -kusīdin m. idem or 'mf(ī - kusīdin m. See kuśīti -Name of a descendant of kaṇva -kusīdin m. lagnadin a n. lapsudin mfn. lattādin irṇaya m. Name of work by govinda -lokottaravādin m. plural Name of a Buddhist school (prob. so called from their pretending to be superior to or above the rest of the world) loṣṭamardin mfn. madadin gaRa pragady -ādi - madadurdin a n. madhusyandin m. particular stringed instrument, madhyadin a for madhyaṃ -dina -q.v madhyaṃdin a m. madhy/a -n. madhyaṃdin a m. savana -pavamāna -madhyaṃdin a m. madhyaṃdin a m. Name of a disciple of yājñavalkya -madhyaṃdin a n. puṣpā -prabhā -madhyaṃdin a mfn. equals mādhyaṃdina -q.v ) mādhyaṃdin a mf(ī - m/ādh -madhyaṃ -dina -mādhyaṃdin a m. equals mādhyaṃdinaḥ pavanaḥ -mādhyaṃdin a m. plural Name of a branch of she vājasaneyin -see mādhyaṃdin a m. astronomy school who fixed the starting-point of planetary movements at noon mādhyaṃdin a m. mādhyaṃdin a n. equals mādhyaṃdinaṃ savanam -mādhyaṃdin a n. Name of a tīrtha -madhyaṃdin agata mfn. mādhyaṃdin agṛhya n. Name of work mādhyaṃdin āraṇyakavyākhyā f. Name of work madhyaṃdin ārkasaṃtapta mfn. mādhyaṃdin aśākhā f. mādhyaṃdina - mādhyaṃdinaśākhīya khīya -mfn. mādhyaṃdin aśākhīya mfn. mādhyaṃdinaśākhā madhyaṃdin asamaya m. mādhyaṃdin asaṃdhiyāprayoga m. Name of work mādhyaṃdin asaṃhitā f. Name of work mādhyaṃdin avat ind. mādhyaṃdin āyana m. madhyaṃ -dina -Name of a teacher, mādhyaṃdin eya m. plural mādhyaṃdina -mādhyaṃdin ī f. śikṣā -Name of work mādhyaṃdin i m. idem or 'm. madhyaṃ -dina -Name of a teacher, ) Name of a grammarian, madhyaṃdin īya mfn. mādhyaṃdin īya mf(ā - mādhyaṃdina -yaka -mādhyaṃdin īya mf(ā - mādhyaṃdina -madin mfn. Comparative degree din -tara -din -tama -mādin mfn. See gandha -mādinī -mādin ī f. magadin mfn. gaRa pragady -ādi -mahābhisyandin mfn. hā -di -tama -mahādevabhaṭṭadin akara m. Name of learned men mahādevadvivedin m. Name of author. mahānandin m. Name of a king mahāsahasrapramardin ī f. equals prec. f. mahāvādin m. maheśanandin m. Name of author. mahiṣamardin ī f. mahiṣa -Name of durgā -mahiṣamardin ī f. durgā -mahiṣamardin ītantra n. Name of a tantra -mahiṣāsuramardin ī f. equals ghātinī - mahiṣāsuramardinīstotra dinī -stotra -n. Name of a stotra -mahiṣāsuramardin īstotra n. mahiṣāsuramardinī mahiṣāsurārdin ī f. equals ghātinī -malabhedin ī f. māṃsacchedin m. idem or 'm. Name of a mixed caste (f(ī - māṃsādin mfn. idem or 'mfn. idem or 'mfn. mananādin ighaṇṭu m. Name of work mānasanayanaprasādin ī f. Name of commentator or commentary on it. mandārakadin a n. Name of a particular day mandin mfn. soma -mandin mfn. mandin mandira -See above. maṅgalavādin mfn. maṇimañjarīchedin ī f. Name of work mañjunandin m. Name (also title or epithet) of a poet, mañjuvādin mfn. idem or '(mfn. equals bhāṣin - mañjuvādin ī f. Name of a woman mañjuvādin ī f. manohlādin mfn. manoramākucamardin ī f. Name of work mantravādin m. mardin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) crushing, grinding, pounding, destroying see ripu -loṣṭa -m -mardin ī f. see medinī -marmabhedin mfn. equals cchid -literally and figuratively ) marmabhedin m. marmacchedin mfn. equals cchid -marmāvaraṇabhedin mfn. marmavibhedin mfn. equals bhedin -maryādin mfn. maryādin mfn. māsādin irṇaya m. Name of work mātṛnandin m. karañja -medin mfn. medas -medasāyukta -equals bala -vat -medin m. medin f. See next. medin ī f. medin ī f. medin ī f. medin ī f. medin ī f. equals medā -medin ī f. Name of a lexicon (also kośa -medini -k -medin īdāna n. Name of work medin īdhara m. medin īdin a n. medin īdrava m. medin īja m. medin īkara m. Name of the author of the medinī -kośa -medin īkośa m. See above. medin īnandana m. equals ja -medin īpati m. medin īśa m. nī -idem or 'm. medin īśatantra n. Name of a tantra -meghanādin mfn. meghanādin mfn. meghanādin m. meghanādin m. Name of a dānava -meghānandin m. see megha -suhṛd -meghaskandin m. sarabha -merubalapramardin m. Name of a king of the yakṣa -miśradin akara m. Name of a Scholiast or Commentator on śiśupāla -vadha -mithyāpravādin mfn. modamodin ī f. wrong reading for megha -m -modin mfn. modin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) gladdening, delighting modin ī f. modin ī f. equals aja -modā -modin ī f. see modana -modin ī f. modin īśa n. Name of a tantra -see medinī -mṛdin ī f. mṛṣāvādin mfn. mṛṣāvādin m. mūlasarvāstivādin m. plural Name of a Buddhist school nādin mfn. nādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' equals prec. nādin mfn. nādin m. Name of a dānava -nādin m. naganandin ī f. Name of durgā -himā -nagaramardin m. Name of a man gaRa bāhv -ādi -nakhakhādin mfn. literally eating) the nail naktaṃdin a n. sg. night and day naktaṃdin am ind. equals next nānātmavādin m. nandin mfn. n -gaRa kṣubhnā -in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) nandin mfn. nandin m. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ; see bhā -n -nandin m. see nāndin -nandin m. Name of several plants (the Indian fig-tree, Thespesia Opulneoides etc.) nandin m. particular form of temple see ndi -vardhana -nandin m. Name of an attendant of śiva -see nandi -ndī -ndikeśvara -nandin m. śiva -nandin m. several authors nāndin m. equals ndī -kara -nandin āgaraka mfn. Name of a particular written character nandin āgarī f. particular kind of writing nandin ī f. nandin ī f. equals nanāndṛ -nandin ī f. Name of durgā -nandin ī f. gaṅgā -nandin ī f. bāṇa -nāśa -nandin ī f. mātṛ -skanda -nandin ī f. surabhi -vasiṣṭha -nandin ī f. vyāḍi -nandin ī f. Name of several plants (equals tulasī -jaṭāmāṃsī -nandin ī f. reṇukā -nandin ī f. nandin ī f. particular composition nandin ī f. Name of a locality nandin ī f. commentator or commentary on nandin īputra m. kaṇā -nandin īsuta m. equals tanaya -nandin ītanaya m. vyāḍi -see above) . nandin ītīrtha n. Name of a sacred bathing-place nārācadurdin a n. literally bad weather id est storm) of arrows nāradin m. Name of a son of viśvā -mitra -nardin mfn. see gehe -n -nayanaprasādin ī f. Name of work nayavedin mfn. equals vid -nigādin mfn. nihnavavādin m. nihrādin mfn. ninādin mfn. instrumental case or compound ) ninādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' causing to sound, playing (a musical instrument) nindin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) nīradin mfn. nirbhedin mfn. nirdurdin a mfn. nirhrādin mfn. nirīśvaravādin mfn. niṣādin mfn. niṣādin m. see ṣādita -niṣādin m. Name of eka -niśāvedin m. niśumbhamardin ī f. ni -śumbha -Name of durgā -nisyandin (or ṣy -mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) flowing with nītivedin mfn. equals jña -nitodin mfn. nivedin mfn. compound ) nivedin mfn. nivedin mfn. nodin mfn. nṛśaṃsavādin mfn. nyāyavādin mfn. pādaprasvedin mfn. padavedin m. pādin mfn. See m) pādin mfn. pāda -pādin mfn. pādin m. pādin m. padmanandin m. Name of an author paiśunyavādin mfn. paiśunya pāñcajanyanādin m. Name of kṛṣṇa -see above -paṇḍitāhlādin ī f. Name of work paṇḍitavādin mfn. parameśvarāstitvavādin m. parapravādin m. parārthavādin mfn. parāskandin m. parasmaipadin mfn. parasparādin mfn. parasparākrandin mfn. paravādin m. parihāsavedin m. parikledin mfn. paripadin m. wrong reading for parin -pariṣyandin mfn. parisyandin mfn. parivādin mfn. parivādin mfn. parivādin mfn. parivādin m. parivādin f. parivedin mfn. parivedin ī f. parivettṛ -See above) parṇabhedin ī f. priyaṅgu -pārthivanandin ī f. paruṣavādin mfn. pāṣāṇabhedin m. idem or 'm. idem or 'm. equals bheda - or Lycopodium Imbricatum or Coleus Aniboinicus pauruṣeyavedavādin m. veda -pauṣadhadin a n. pauṣadha pīluvādin m. pitṛdin a n. see tithi -pittagadin mfn. pracodin mfn. pracodin ī f. pradhānavādin m. sāṃkhya -pradhāna -prahlādin mfn. prajñaptivādin m. plural Name of a Buddhist school prākāramardin m. Name of a man prakledin mfn. idem or 'mfn. prakledin mfn. prakleditva ditva -n. pramādin mfn. pramādin mfn. pramādin mfn. pramādin mfn. pramāditā tā -f. pramādin n. Name of the 47th (21st) year of a 60 years' cycle of Jupiter see pra -nāthin -pramāṇādin irūpaṇa n. Name of work prāmāṇyavādin mfn. pramardin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) crushing, destroying pramodin mfn. pramodin mfn. pramodin m. equals modaka -pramodin ī f. equals jiṅginī -prapannadin acaryā f. Name of work prasādin mfn. prasādin mfn. prasādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) calming, soothing, gladdening, pleasing prasādin mfn. praskandin mfn. compound ). praskandin mfn. praskandin m. Name of a man praśnavādin m. prasvedin mfn. prasyandin mfn. prasyandin mfn. prasyandin m. prātardin a n. prātarmādhyaṃdin asavana n. Name of work prātarṇādin m. prathamadarśanadin a n. genitive case ) pratidin am ind. pratikūlavādin mfn. equals bhāṣin -pratisaṃvādin (?), m. probably for prati -vādin - pratisaṃvedin mfn. prativādin mfn. See /a -prativ -prativādin mfn. prativādin m. prativādin m. prativāditā di -tā -f. prativedin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) prativedin See prati -pratodin See śroṇi -pratodin -pratyabhinandin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) pratyakṣavādin mfn. pratyakṣavādin m. pravādin mfn. pravādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) stating, declaring, reporting, speaking of pravādin mfn. vāda -pravedin mfn. pretakṛtyādin irṇaya m. Name of work priyavādin mfn. priyavāditā di -tā -f. priyavādin m. inī -f. pṛthagvādin mfn. punaruktavādin mfn. purīṣabhedin mfn. pūrṇabhedin ī f. pūrṇimādin a n. purudin a n. plural many days puruṣāntaravedin mfn. puruṣāntara pūrvadin a n. pūrvakarmakṛtavādin m. pūrvāparadin a n. pūrvasārasārāsvādin ī f. Name of work pūrvavādin m. puṣkarasādin m. equals sāda -putrādin ī f. equals putra -jagdhī -t -exempli gratia, 'for example' puttrā -putraputrādin ī f. See putra -jagdhī -Va1rtt. 2 rabhasanandin m. Name of a Buddhist author rādhābhedin m. Name of arjuna -see vedhin -radin m. rahasanandin m. Name of a grammarian rahasānandin m. Name of a grammarian rāhubhedin m. rāhu -Name of viṣṇu -rājabandin m. Name of a man vandin -rājavandin See bandin -raṅgopamardin m. rāvaṇa -rāsabhavandin ī f. rasabhedin mfn. rasabhedin mfn. rasāsvādin m. rāṣṭrabhedin m. ratnādin andin m. Name of a muni -rātrivedin m. ravidin a n. ravijaputradin a n. ṛgvedin mfn. ṛg -veda -ṛgyajuḥsāmavedin mfn. veda -ripumardin mfn. ṛtavādin mfn. rudranandin m. Name of author. rūkṣavādin mfn. śabdabhedin mfn. equals vedhin -śabdabhedin m. śabdabhedin m. Name of arjuna -śabdabhedin m. śabdin mfn. śabdin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) resounding with varia lectio nādin -sabhāprapādin mfn. ṣaḍbhāvavādin m. bhāva -dravya -guṇa -karman -sāmānya -viśeṣa -samavā -ṣāḍguṇyaguṇavedin mfn. sadhamādin mfn. equals mad -sādhuvādin mfn. sādhuvādin mfn. sādhuvādin mfn. wrong reading for vāhin -sādin mfn. compound ) sādin m. sādin m. Causal ) exhausting, wearying, destroying sadurdin a mfn. sadvādin mfn. sāgaranandin m. Name of a poet sakalavedin mfn. śaktivādin m. śakti -śiva -śākta -samabhiṣyandin mfn. samādhibhedin mfn. samāvadin driya mfn. samayabhedin mfn. saṃhlādin mfn. saṃhrādin mfn. saṃhrādin m. Name of a rākṣasa -sāṃkhyayogavadin m. sāṃkhya -yoga -saṃkrāntivādin m. plural particular Buddhist school sammadin mfn. sammardin mfn. sampadin m. Name of a grandson of aśoka -sampādin mfn. instrumental case or compound ) sampādin mfn. saṃśayacchedin mfn. saṃśayocchedin mfn. saṃsvedin mfn. saṃtodin mfn. saṃvādin mfn. saṃvādin mfn. genitive case or compound ), sāñjhanandin m. Name of a poet saptadin a (in the beginning of a compound ) 7 days, a week saptavādin m. Name of the jaina -see bhaṅgin -śāradin mfn. śaradurdin a n. sārāsvadin ī f. Name of a vedā -work sarvāstitvavādin m. equals sti -vādin -sarvāstivādin mfn. m. sarvasukhaduḥkhanirabhinandin m. particular samādhi -sarvaśūnyatvavādin m. sarvaśūnyatva sarvatūryaninādin m. śiva -sarvavādin m. Name of śiva -sarvavedin mfn. sarvavedin mfn. veda -sarvorutrivedin m. Name of an author ṣaṣṭidin a mfn. śāstravādin m. śāstra -satkāryavādin m. satyabhedin mfn. satyakāruṇyavedin mfn. veda -satyavādin mfn. equals vācaka -satyavādin m. Name of kauśika -satyavādin m. Name of a goddess of the bodhi -satyavādin ī f. dākṣāyaṇī -saunandin m. saunanda -Name of balarāma -śauryonmādin mfn. sauvarṇabhedin ī f. priyaṅgu -savitṛsutadin a n. setubhedin mfn. setubhedin m. siddhanandin m. Name of a grammarian siṃhanādanādin m. Name of a bodhi -sattva -siṃhanādin m. Name of a māra -putra -siṃhanardin mfn. skandin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) effusing, shedding skandin mfn. See a -sk -skandin mfn. skandin mfn. ślakṣṇavādin mfn. ślīpadin mfn. ślīpadin m. somanandin m. Name of one of śiva -somanandin m. spandin mfn. śrāddhadin a n. śrāddha -śravaṇānandin ī f. Name of work śrīdharanandin m. Name of author śṛṅgotpādin ī f. Name of a yakṣiṇī -śṛṅkhalatodin m. Name of a man gaRa bāhv -ādi -see śārṅkhalatodi -śroṇipratodin mfn. śrotravādin mfn. śrutanigadin mfn. śrutanigaditva di -tva -n. Scholiast or Commentator ) śrutinigadin mfn. equals śruta -n -strīśūdrādidin acaryākrama m. Name of work śubhadin a n. sudhāsyandin mfn. sūdin mfn. see sūda -vat -sudin a mf(ā - sudin a n. sudin a n. equals sukha -sudin a n. Name of a tīrtha -sudin āha n. sudin atā f. sudin atva n. sudin āya Nom. A1. yate -Va1rtt. 1. śūdrāvedin mfn. śūdra -sukandin m. sukandin m. sukavihṛdayānandin ī f. Name of work śukradin a n. śumbhamardin ī f. śumbha -Name of a durgā -sunandin ī f. sunandin ī f. ati -jagatī -equals mañju -bhāṣiṇī -śūnyavādin m. id est of the non-existence of any Spirit, divine or human) , a Buddhist, atheist sūryānuvādin ī f. Name of commentator or commentary suvarṇamedin ī f. suvarṇamedinīdāna dāna -n. suvarṇamedin īdāna n. suvarṇamedinī svabdin mfn. equals svabhūta -śabda -śabdaṃ kurvat -svabhāvavādin m. svādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) svayaṃdin a mfn. See 1. dina -svedin mfn. a -sv -syādvādavādin m. equals next syādvādin m. idem or 'm. jaina - syādvādin m. Name of a jaina -syandin mfn. syandin mfn. compound ) syandin mfn. syandin ī f. syandin ī f. taddin a n. taddin am ind. taddin am ind. taddin am ind. tathāvādin mfn. tathāvādin mfn. tathyavādin mfn. tindin ī f. equals du -q.v tridin aspṛś m. trikapardin mfn. trivedin mfn. veda -trivedin mfn. equals trayīmūrti -mat -tṛṇacchedin mfn. ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding iv, 71 tulyanaktaṃdin a mfn. tulyanaktaṃdin a mfn. tundin mfn. idem or 'mfn. equals dika - , 117. turaṃgasādin m. tvaksārabhedin ī f. kṣudra -cañcu -ubhayapadin mfn. ubhaya -pada -parasmai -pada -ātmane -pada -ucchedavādin m. ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding ucchedin mfn. uddin a n. udin akṣ anomalous Desiderative ofnakṣ -P. parasmE-pada /inakṣat -uditānuvādin mfn. unmādin mfn. unmādin mfn. unmādin intoxicating, unmādin m. Name of a merchant unmādin ī f. Name of a princess upalabhedin m. Name of a plant upamardin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' destroying, annulling upaniṣādin mf(inī - upapādin mfn. daka -upavādin mfn. utkledin mfn. utkledin mfn. utkrodin mfn. utpādin mfn. utpādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) bringing forth, producing utsādin mfn. See agny -utsād/in -uttaravādin m. uttaravādin m. uttaravādin m. vadāvadin mfn. idem or 'mfn. Intensive ; see carācara -calācala -Va1rtt. 6 see a -vadāvada - vādavādin See syād -vāda -vādin -vādin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' or sometimes with accusative of object), declaring, proclaiming, denoting, designating (or sometimes = designated as, addressed by a title etc.) vādin mfn. vādin m. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) the teacher or propounder, or adherent of any doctrine or theory vādin m. vādin m. dual number plaintiff and defendant) vādin m. vādin m. See f. vādin m. Name of buddha -vādin m. Name of a commentator or commentary on the amara -koṣa -vādin ī f. vāgvādin ī f. Name of a goddess vāgvādin īstotra n. Name of a stotra -vaibhājyavādin wrong reading for vibhajya -vādin - vakratodin mfn. vakṣaḥsammardin ī f. vaktrabhedin mfn. vandin mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) see 1. bandin -vandin īkā f. Name of dākṣāyaṇī - vandin īyā f. Name of dākṣāyaṇī -vārāvaskandin mfn. agni -varcobhedin mfn. varṇabhedin ī f. varṇavādin m. vastrabhedin m. vātaghnatvādin irṇaya m. Name of work vedāgnyutsādin mfn. veda -vedanindin m. equals nindaka -vedāntācāryadin acaryā f. Name of work vedāntavādin mfn. vedā -vedāntavedin m. equals vid -vedavādin mfn. vedin mfn. See column 3) knowing, acquainted with or versed in (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) see sarva -v -vedin mfn. vedin mfn. vedin m. Name of brahmā -vedin mfn. See śūdrā -v -vedin n. equals ambaṣṭha -see 2. vedi -vedin ī f. Name of a river vibhajyavādin m. vibhedin mfn. See marma -bh -vibhedin mfn. genitive case ) vicchedin mfn. vicchedin mfn. viḍbhedin mfn. viḍbhedin n. equals lavaṇa -vidhudin a n. vidvaccittaprasādin ī f. Name of work vidvanmodin ī f. Name of a commentator or commentary on rāmabhadra -vihradin mfn. vijayanandin m. Name of authors vijñānāstitvamātravādin mfn. equals na -vādin -vijñānavādin mfn. vijñānavādin m. yogācāra -vijñānavinodin īṭīkā f. Name of work vimardin mfn. vimarśavādin mfn. vinadin mfn. vinādin mfn. vinardin mfn. particular method of chanting the sāma -veda -vinayanandin m. Name of the leader of a jaina -vinodāpapādin mfn. vinodin mfn. vinodin mfn. vipramādin mfn. mad -varia lectio ) viṣādin mfn. See under vi -column 3) swallowing poison viṣādin mfn. See column 1) dejected, dismayed, disconsolate, sad viṣamardin ī f. visaṃvādin mfn. See di -tā -visaṃvādin mfn. viṣāpavādin mfn. viṣāpavādin ī f. viśeṣavādin m. viśiṣṭādvaitavādin m. viṣṇuśayanabodhadin a n. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) the day of viṣṇu -viṣuvaddin a n. viṣuvadin a n. viśvamedin ī f. Name of a lexicon. viṣyandin (or sy -mfn. vitathavādin mfn. vivādin mfn. vivādin mfn. vrandin mfn. vṛddhavādin m. jina -vṛddhavādin m. Name of a man vṛkṣabhedin m. vṛkṣādin ī f. vṛndin mfn. aśva -vṛ -vṛṣabhānunandin ī f. patronymic of rādhā -vṛṣāmodin ī f. vṛṣanādin mfn. vṛthāvādin mfn. vṛttasādin mfn. vyāghrādin ī f. yajurvedin mfn. yajur -veda -yāmanādin m. varia lectio ) yathoktavādin mfn. yathopapādin mfn. yuddhamedin ī f. equals bhū -q.v yuktavādin mfn.
abhayanandin a reputed jain Grammarian of the eighth century who wrote an extensive gloss on the जैनेन्द्रव्याकरण. The gloss is known as जैनेन्द्रव्याकरणमहावृत्ति of which वृहज्जैनेन्द्रव्याकरण appears to be another name. aātmanepadin a root which always takes the Ātmanepada affixes. (See a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. ubhayapadin a root conjugated in both the Padas; a root to which both, the Parasmaipada and the Ātmanepada terminations are affixed; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others jumaranandin a grammarian of the fourteenth century A. D. who ' revised and rewrote the.grammar संक्षिप्तसार and the commentary named रसवती on it, which were composed by क्रमदीश्वर in the thirteenth century. The work of जुमरनन्दिन् is known as जौमारव्याकरण. devanandin called also पूज्यपाद or पूज्यपाददेवनन्दिन् believed to have lived in the fifth century A. D. and written the treatise on grammar, of course based om Panini Sutras, which is known as जैनेन्द्र-व्याकरण or जैनेन्द्रशब्दानुशासन. The writer of this grammar is possibly mentioned as जैनेन्द्र in the usually guoted verse of Bopadeva :इन्द्रश्चन्द्रः काशकृत्स्नापिशली शाकटायनः पाणिन्यमरजैनेन्द्र जयन्त्यष्टादेिशाब्दिकाः. देवनन्दिन् was a great Jain saint and scholar who wrote many works on Jain Agamas of which सर्वार्थसिद्धि, the commentary on the तत्त्वार्थाधिगमसूत्र, is well-known. devanandin a Jain grammarian of the eighth century who is believed to have written a grammar work, called सिद्धान्तसारस्वत-शब्दानुशासन. It is likely that देवनन्दिन् is the same as देवानन्दि-पूज्यपाद and the grammar work is the same as जैनेन्द्रशब्दानुशासन for which see देवनन्दिन् . nādin possessed of नाद; sonorous, resonant, See नाद. pratyākhyānavādin one who advocates the rejection of something, an opponent, an objector; cf प्रत्याख्यानवादी अाह-नास्त्यत्र विशेष इति Kaiy. on Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). pravādin aḥ scholars who explain the changes ( प्रवाद ) mentioned a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. nominative case. singular. maheśanandin a Jain Grammarian who has written a work on the karaka topic of grammar, named षट्कारक. a (1) the first letter of the alphabet in Sanskrit and its derived languages, representing the sound a (अ): (2) the vowel a (अ) representing in grammatical treatises, except when Prescribed as an affix or an augment or a substitute,all its eighteen varieties caused by accentuation or nasalisation or lengthening: (3) personal ending a (अ) of the perfeminine. second. plural person. singular. et cetera, and others confer, compare et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example feminine. confer, compare et cetera, and others Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. taddhita affix. et cetera, and others Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. inst. instrumental case. aṃ (ं) nasal utterance called अनुस्वार and written as a dot a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. confer, compare confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) aḥ ( : ) visarga called visarjanīya in ancient works and shown in writing by two dots, one below the other, exactly of the same size, like the pair of breasts of a maiden as jocularly larly expressed by Durgasiṁha's Kātantra-Sūtravṛtti. confer, compare a,k (ೱ),(ೱ) जिह्वामूलीय, represented by a sign like the वज्र in writing, as stated by Durgasiṁha's Kātantra-Sūtravṛtti. a,p ೱ,(ೱ) Upadhmānīya represented by a sign like the temple of an elephants stated by Durgasiṁha's Kātantra-Sūtravṛtti. nominative case. Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. akit not marked by the mute letter k ( क् ) and hence not disallowing guṇa or vṛddhi substitutes for the preceding vowel, confer, compare akṛtasaṃhita words ending with a breathing or visarga which are not looked upon as placed immediately before the next word and hence which have no combination with the following vowel e. g. एष देवो अमर्त्यः R. V. 1X.8.1. akṛtrima non-technical: not formed or not arrived at by grammatical operations such as the application of affixes to crude bases and so on; natural; assigned only by accident. cf the gram. maxim कृत्रिमाकृतिमयोः कृत्रिमे कार्यसंप्रत्ययः which means "in cases of doubt whether an operation refers to that expressed by the technical sense or to that which is expressed by the ordinary sense of a term, the operation refers to what is expressed by the technical sense." Par. śek. Par.9 also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). aṅkita not possessing the mute letter k (क्) or g (ग्) orṅ ( ङ् ) and hence not preventing the guṇa and vṛddhi substitutes for the preceding vowel, if they occur. e. g. मृजेर ङ्कित्सु प्रत्ययेषु मृजिप्रसङगे मार्जिः साधुर्भुवति M.Bh. on P. I.I.I Vart.10. akṣara a letter of the alphabet, such as a (अ) or i (इ) or h (ह) or y (य्) or the like. The word was originally applied in the Prātiśākhya works to vowels (long, short as also protracted), to consonants and the ayogavāha letters which were tied down to them as their appendages. Hence अक्षर came later on to mean a syllable i. e. a vowel with a consonant or consonants preceding or following it, or without any consonant at all. confer, compare confer, compare et cetera, and others Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). akṣarasamāmnāya alphabet: traditional enumeration of phonetically independent letters generally beginning with the vowel a (अ). Although the number of letters and the order in which they are stated differ in different treatises, still, qualitatively they are much the same. The Śivasūtras, on which Pāṇini's grammar is based, enumerate 9 vowels, 4 semi-vowels, twenty five class-consonants and 4 | sibilants. The nine vowels are five simple vowels or monothongs (समानाक्षर) as they are called in ancient treatises, and the four diphthongs, (सन्ध्यक्षर ). The four semi-vowels y, v, r, l, ( य् व् र् ल् ) or antasthāvarṇa, the twenty five class-consonants or mutes called sparśa, and the four ūṣman letters ś, ṣ, s and h ( श् ष् स् ह् ) are the same in all the Prātiśākhya and grammar works although in the Prātiśākhya works the semi-vowels are mentioned after the class consonants.The difference in numbers, as noticed, for example in the maximum number which reaches 65 in the VājasaneyiPrātiśākhya, is due to the separate mention of the long and protracted vowels as also to the inclusion of the Ayogavāha letters, and their number. The Ayogavāha letters are anusvāra, visarjanīya,jihvāmulīya, upadhmānīya, nāsikya, four yamas and svarabhaktī. The Ṛk Prātiśākhya does not mention l (लृ), but adding long ā (अा) i (ई) ，ū (ऊ) and ṛ (ऋ) to the short vowels, mentions 12 vowels, and mentioning 3 Ayogavāhas (< क्, = प् and अं) lays down 48 letters. The Ṛk Tantra Prātiśākhya adds the vowel l (लृ) (short as also long) and mentions 14 vowels, 4 semivowels, 25 mutes, 4 sibilants and by adding 10 ayogavāhas viz. 4 yamas, nāsikya, visarjanīya, jihvāmulīya, upadhmānīya and two kinds of anusvāra, and thus brings the total number to 57. The Ṛk Tantra makes a separate enumeration by putting diphthongs first, long vowles afterwards and short vowels still afterwards, and puts semi-vowels first before mutes, for purposes of framing brief terms or pratyāhāras. This enumeration is called varṇopadeśa in contrast with the other one which is called varṇoddeśa. The Taittirīya prātiśākhya adds protracted vowels and lays down 60 letters : The Ṣikṣā of Pāṇini lays down 63 or 64 letters, while the Vājasaneyi-prātiśākhya gives 65 letters. confer, compare Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). akṣarāṅga forming a part of a syllable just as the anusvāra ( nasal utterance ) or svarabhakti (vowelpart) which forms a part of the preceding syllable. confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) agni a term in the Kātantra grammar for a word ending in i ( इ ) or u ( उ ) confer, compare Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. aṅga (1) the crude base of a noun or a verb to which affixes are added; a technical term in Pāṇini's grammar for the crude base after which an affix is prescribed e. g. उपगु in औपगव,or कृ in करिष्यति et cetera, and others confer, compare participle. confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. et cetera, and others confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. confer, compare Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. ac the short term or pratyāhāra in Pāṇini's Grammar representing a vowel, exempli gratia, for example añ (1) taddhita affix. et cetera, and others et cetera, and others et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example aṭ (1) token term standing for vowels and semi-vowels excepting l ( ल्) specially mentioned as not interfering with the substitution of ṇ ( ण् ) for n ( न् ) exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others aṇ (1) token term ( प्रत्याहार ) for all vowels and semivowels which, when prescribed for an operation, include all such of their sub-divisions as are caused by length, protraction accent or nasalization. cf अणुदित्सवर्णस्य चाप्रत्ययः P. I.1.60;(2) token term for the vowels अ, इ and उ in all Pānini's rules except in the rule I.1.69 given a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. et cetera, and others at (1) tech. term in Pāṇini's grammar for short अ, cf तपरस्तत्कालस्य P. I. 1. 70; अदेङ् गुणः P.I.1.2; (2) personal ending अ for इ ( इट् ) of the Ist person. singular. or Ātmanep. Ātmanepada ablative case. singular. plural locative case taddhita affix. confer, compare confer, compare ataṅ non-Ātmanepadin verbal affixes ति, तः...मस्, P. III.4.78, Cān. I.4.11, Śāk. 1.4.101. atideśa extended application; transfer or conveyance or application of the character or qualities or attributes of one thing to another. Atideśa in Sanskrit grammar is a very common feature prescribed by Pāṇini generally by affixing the taddhita affix. exempli gratia, for example id est, that is confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). et cetera, and others Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). confer, compare atus personal ending of perfeminine. person. dual number confer, compare ate personal ending of present tense. plural athus conjugational affix of perfeminine. person. Parasmaipada. confer, compare adanta ending with the short vowel अ; confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). adādi name given to the class of roots belonging to the second conjugation, as the roots therein begin with the root अद्. The word अदिप्रभृति is also used in the same sense; confer, compare confer, compare Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. adṅ substitute for case affixes सु and अम् added to words ending with the affixes डतर and डतम and to the words अन्य, अन्यतर and इतर. confer, compare adyatanī tech. term of ancient grammarians signifying in general the present time of the day in question, the occurrence of the immediate past or future events in which is generally expressed by the aorist (लुड्) or the simple future ( लृट् ); the other two corresponding tenses imperfect and first future (viz. लड् and लुट्) being used in connection with past and future events respectively, provided the events do not pertain to that day which is in question; confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. adhikāra governing rule consisting of a word (exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare edition singular. confer, compare aghikārasūtra a superintending aphorism, which gives no meaning of itself where it is mentioned, but gives its meaning in the number of aphorisms that follow: e. gthe rules प्रत्यय:, परश्च and अाद्युदात्तश्च P. III.1.1, 2, 3 or सह सुपा. P.II.1.4. adhyāsa superimposition : a relation between a word and its sense according to the grammarians; confer, compare confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) anaḍ (1) substitute अन् as Samāsānta at the end of a Bahuvrīhi compound exempli gratia, for example confer, compare et cetera, and others et cetera, and others confer, compare singular. confer, compare ananubanghaka without any mute significatory letter attached; अननुबन्धकपरिभाषा is the short name given to the maxim-'अननुबन्धकग्रहणे न सानुबन्धकस्य ग्रह णम्' See M.Bh. on I.3.1: V.2.9. There is a reading in the Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. ananya not different, the same: confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. anabhidhāna inability to express the meaning desiredition confer, compare confer, compare Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). anabhyāsa a wording which does not contain any reduplicative syllable; an epithet applied to such roots as are not to be reduplicated a second time before affixes of the perfect, as they are already reduplicated; confer, compare anākāṅkṣa not depending on another for the completion of its sense: confer, compare Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. anānupūrvyasaṃhitā that saṁhitā text which has an order of words in it, which is different from what obtains in the Pada-pāṭha, and which appears appropriate according to the sense intended in the passage. There are three places of such combinations of words which are not according to the succcession of words in the Pada-pāṭha, quoted in the R.Pr. शुनश्चिच्छेपं निदितं सहस्रात् Rk. Saṁ. V.2.7, नरा वा शंसं पूषणमगोह्यम् Rk. Saṁ. X. 64.3; नरा च शंसं दैव्यम् Rk. Saṁh. IX. 86. 42. confer, compare Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works. Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) anāpya having or possessing no āpya or object; intransitive (root): confer, compare anārṣa (1) non-vedic: not proceeding from any Ṛṣi, or Vedic Seer, confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works. Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) confer, compare Atharvaveda Prātiśākhya. ani kṛt affix in the sense of curse, exempli gratia, for example confer, compare confer, compare anitya (1) not nitya or obligatory optional; said of a rule or paribhāṣā whose application is voluntary). Regarding the case and con= jugational affixes it can be said that those affixes can, in a way: be looked upon as nitya or obligatory, as they have to be affixed to a crude nominal base or a root; there being a dictum that no crude base without an affix can be used as also, no affix alone without a base can be usedition Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). anukarṣaṇa dragging (from the preceding rule) to the following rule taking the previous rule or a part of it as understood in the following rule or rules in order; the same as अनुवृत्ति; confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. anudātta non-udatta, absence of the acute accent;one of the Bāhyaprayatnas or external efforts to produce sound. This sense possibly refers to a stage or a time when only one accent, the acute or उदात्त was recognized just as in English and other languages at present, This udatta was given to only one vowel in a single word (simple or compound) and all the other vowels were uttered accentless.id est, that is confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). feminine. Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) anudāttatara quite a low tone, completely grave; generally applied to the tone of that grave or anudātta vowel which is immediately followed by an acute ( उदात्त ) vowel. When the three Vedic accents were sub-divided into seven tones viz. उदात्त, उदात्ततर्, अनुदात्त, अनुदात्ततर, स्वरित, स्वरितस्थोदात्त and एकश्रुति corresponding to the seven musical notes, the अनुदात्ततर was the name given to the lowest of them all. अनुदात्ततर was termed सन्नतर also; confer, compare confer, compare anudeśa (1) reference, mention, statement referring to a preceding element. confer, compare confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). confer, compare confer, compare anunāda a fore-sound : a preceding additional sound which is looked upon as a fault: e. g. ह्वयामि whom pronounced as अह्वयामि. This sound is uttered before an initial sonant consonant. It is also uttered before initial aspirates or visarga. confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) anunāsika (a letter) uttered through the nose and mouth both, as different from anusvāra which is uttered only through the nose. confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). id est, that is exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others et cetera, and others et cetera, and others confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) confer, compare Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. et cetera, and others et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare anupasarjana not subordinated in wordrelation, principal member; confer, compare anulomasaṃdhi combination according to the alphabetical order; a kind of euphonic alteration ( संधि ) where the vowel comes first. e.gहव्यवाट् + अग्निः where ट् is changed to द्; एषः देवः= एष देवः confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) anuvartana continuation or recurrence of a word from the preceding to the succeeding rule; the same as anuvṛtti; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). anuṣaṅga (1) literally confer, compare confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). confer, compare Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. anusaṃhitaṃ according to the Saṁhitā text of the Vedas: confer, compare confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) anejanta not ending in a diphthong: cf नानुबन्धकृतमनेजन्तत्व म् Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. antaḥkārya literally antaraṅga a highly technical term in Pāṇini's grammar applied in a variety of ways to rules which thereby can supersede other rules. The term is not used by Pāṇini himselfeminine. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. accusative case. antavadbhāva supposed condition of being at the end obtained by the single substitute(एकादेश) for the final of the preceding and the initial of the succeeding word. confer, compare antādivadbhāva condition, attributed to a single substitute for the final of the preceding and initial of the succeeding word, of being looked upon either as the final of the preceding word or as the initial of the succeeding word but never as both (the final as well as the initial) at one and the same time; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). anyapadārtha another sense, sense different from what has been expressed by the wording given; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). anvakṣarasaṃdhi a combination of letters according to the order of the letters in the Alphabet; a samdhi or euphonic combination of a vowel and a consonant, called अन्वक्षर-अनुलोमसंधि where a vowel precedes a consonant; and अन्वक्षरप्रतिलोमसंधि where a consonant precedes a vowel, the consonant in that case being changed into the third of its class; एष स्य स च स्वराश्च पूर्वे भवति व्यञ्जनमुत्तरं यदेभ्यः। तेन्वक्षरसेधयेानुलोमाः प्रतिलोमाश्च विपर्यये त एव ।। R Pr. II.8.9 e. g. एष देवः, स देवः and others are instances of अन्वक्षरानुलोमसंधि where विसर्ग after the vowel is dropped; while हलव्यवाड् अग्निः is an instance of अन्वक्षरप्रतिलोमसंधि where the consonant ट् precedes the vowel अ. anvaya (1) construing, construction: arrangement of words according to their mutual relationship based upon the sense conveyed by them, शब्दानां परस्परमर्थानुगमनम् । (2) continuance, continuation;confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). ap (1) kṛt affix अ, in the sense of verbal activity (भाव) or any verbal relation (कारक) excepting that of an agent, (कर्तृ) applied to roots ending in ऋ or उ and the roots ग्रह्,वृ,दृ et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example confer, compare confer, compare apakarṣa (1) deterioration of the place or instrument of the production of sound resulting in the fault called निरस्त; confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). apit not marked with the mute letter प्, A Sārvadhātuka affix not marked with mute प् is looked upon as marked with ड् and hence it prevents the guṇa or vṛddhi substitution for the preceding vowel or for the penultimate vowel if it be अ. e. g. कुरुतः तनुतः, कुर्वन्ति where no guṇa takes place for the vowel उ confer, compare apradhāna (1) non-principal, subordinate, secondary, confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). confer, compare abāghaka not coming in the way of rules otherwise applicable; the word is used in connection with निपातन i. e. constituted or announced forms or specially formed words which are said to be अबाधक i. e. not coming in the way of forms which could be arrived at by application of the regular rules. Siradeva has laid down the Paribhāṣā अबाधकान्यपि निपातनानि भवन्ति defending the form पुरातन in spite of Pāṇini's specific mention of the word पुराण in the rule पुराणप्रोक्तेषुo IV. 3. 105. abhinidhāna literally confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. abhiprāya (1) अभिप्रायसंधि a kind of euphonic combination where the nasal letter न् is dropped and the preceding vowel ( अ ) is nasalised e. g, दधन्याँ यः । स्ववाँ यातु : (2) view, purpose, intention; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). confer, compare abhedasaṃsarga a connection of unity, as noticed between the nominative case affix of the subject and the ending ति of a verb, which produces the sense. abhyasta repeated, redoubled word or wording or part of a word. The term अभ्यस्त is applied to the whole doubled expression in Pāṇini's grammar, confer, compare abhyāhata omission of any sound; a fault of utterance. अम् (1)a technical brief term in Panini's grammar including vowels, semivowels, the letter ह् and nasals; (2) a significant term for the accusative case showing change or substitution or modification: confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. person. singular. singular. amu taddhita affix. confer, compare artha (1) literally confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) confer, compare confer, compare Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. id est, that is confer, compare confer, compare ardhamātrā half of a mātra or 'mora'., confer, compare alontyavidhi an operation, which, on the strength of its being enjoined by means of the genitive case, applies to the last letter of the wording put in the genitive; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). confer, compare alpragrahaṇa (1) the word अल् actually used in Pāṇini's rule e. g. अपृक्त एकाल् प्रत्ययः P.I.2.41.(2) the wording as अल् or wording by mention of a single letter exempli gratia, for example avagraha (1) separation of a compound word into its component elements as shown in the Pada-Pāṭha of the Vedic Saṁhitās. In the Padapāṭha, individual words are shown separately if they are combined by Saṁdhi rules or by the formation of a compound in the Saṁhitāpāṭha; exempli gratia, for example edition Atharvaveda Prātiśākhya. confer, compare confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. avagrahavirāma the interval or pause after the utterance of the first member of a compound word when the members are uttered separately. This interval is equal to two moras according to Tait. Pr. while, it is equal to one mora according to the other Prātiśākhyas. avaśiṣṭaliṅga (v.1. अविशिष्टलिङ्ग) a term occurring in the liṅgānuśāsana meaning 'possessed of such genders as have not been mentioned already either singly or by combination' id est, that is id est, that is avibhāgapakṣa a view of grammarians according to which there are words which are looked upon as not susceptible to derivation. The terms अखण्डपक्ष and अव्युत्पन्नपक्ष are also used in the same sense. avyaya indeclinable, literally confer, compare avyavasthā absence of proper disposal; absence of a proper method regarding the application of a rule: confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). aś (1) Pratyāhāra or a brief term standing for all vowels, semivowels, and the fifth, fourth and third of the class-consonants; all letters excepting the surds and sibilants; (2) substitute अ for the word इदम् before affixes of cases beginning with the instrumental, and for एतद् before the taddhita affix. genitive case singular. aṣṭādhyāyī name popularly given to the Sūtrapāṭha of Pāṇini consisting of eight books (adhyāyas) containing in all 3981 Sūtras,as found in the traditional recital, current at the time of the authors of the Kāśika. Out of these 398l Sūtras, seven are found given as Vārtikas in the Mahābhāṣya and two are found in Gaṇapāṭha.The author of the Mahābhāṣya has commented upon only 1228 of these 3981 sūtras. Originally there were a very few differences of readings also, as observed by Patañjali ( see Mbh on I.4.1 ); but the text was fixed by Patañjali which, with a few additions made by the authors of the Kāśika,as observed a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). as (1) case affix of the nominative and accusative plural and the ablative and genitive singular (जस् , शस्, ङसि and ङस् ) (2) taddhita affix अस् ( असि ) added to पूर्व, अधर and अवर, by P.V.3.39: (3) compoundending अस् ( असिच् ) applied to the words प्रजा and मेधा standing at the end of a Bahuvrīhi compound (P.V.4.122): (4) Uṇādi affix अस् prescribed by the rule सर्वधातुभ्योऽसुन् and subsequent rules (628-678) to form words such as मनस्,सरस् et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare asamarthasamāsa a compound of two words, which ordinarily is inadmissible, one of the two words being more closely connected with a third word, but which takes place on the authority of usage, there being no obstacle in the way of understanding the sense to be conveyed; e. g. देवदत्तस्य गुरुकुलम् । देवदत्तस्य दासभार्या । असूर्यंपश्यानि मुखानि, अश्राद्धभोजी ब्राह्मणः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). asamāsa (1) absence of a compound. उपसर्गादसमासेपि णोपदेशस्य P. VIII.4.14; (2) an expression conveying the sense of a compound word although standing in the form of separate words: चार्थे द्वन्द्ववचने असमासेपि वार्थसंप्रत्ययादनिष्टं प्राप्नोति । अहरहर्नयमानो गामश्वं पुरुषं पशुम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). asārūpya dissimilarity in apparent form (although the real wording in existence might be the same) e. g. टाप्, डाप् , चाप्; confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. asic samāsa-ending affix अस्. See a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. asiddha invalid; of suspended validity for the time being: not functioning for the time being. The term is frequently used in Pāṇini's system of grammar in connection with rules or operations which are prevented, or held in suspense, in connection with their application in the process of the formation of a word. The term (असिद्ध) is also used in connection with rules that have applied or operations that have taken place, which are, in certain cases, made invalid or invisible as far as their effect is concerned and other rules are applied or other operations are allowed to take place, which ordinarily have been prevented by those rules which are made invalid had they not been invalidatedition Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. confer, compare a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. asuk the augment अस् seen in Vedic Literature added to the nominative case. plural et cetera, and others ā (1) the long form of the vowel अ called दीर्घ,consisting of two mātrās, in contrast with (l) the short अ which consists of one mātrā and the protracted आ३ which consists of three mātrās; (2) substitute अा of two mātrās when prescribed by the word दीर्घ or वृद्धि for the short vowel अ; (3) upasarga अा (अाङ्) in the sense of limit exempli gratia, for example Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). et cetera, and others confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). taddhita affix. et cetera, and others et cetera, and others ākusmīya a group of 43 roots of the चुरादि class of roots beginning with the root चित् and ending with कुस्म् which are Ātmanepadin only. aākhyāta verbal form, verb; confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska. Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. confer, compare confer, compare et cetera, and others a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. confer, compare kṛt (affix). kṛt (affix). confer, compare kṛt (affix). confer, compare aāgantuka literally exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). confer, compare Padamañjarī, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Haradatta. āgarvīya a class of roots forming a subdivision of the Curādigaṇa or the tenth conjugation beginning with पद् and ending with गर्व् which are only ātmanepadin; exempli gratia, for example aāt (1) long अा as different from short or protracted अ prescribed by the wofd वृद्धि or दीर्घ in the case of अ, or by the word अात् when substituted for another vowel, as for example in the rule आदेच उपदेशेऽशिति and the following: confer, compare confer, compare exempli gratia, for example ātām Ātmanepada third person dual ending, technically substituted for लकार by P.III.4.78 ātiśāyikānta a word ending with an atisāyika affix; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). ādya (1) premier; confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare ādyantavattva अाद्यन्तवद्भाव, consideration of a single or solitary letter as the initial or the final one according to requirements for opcrations prescribed for the initial or for the final. Both these notions --the initial and the final-are relative notions, and because they require the presence of an additional letter or letters for the sake of being called initial or final it becomes necessary to prescribe आद्यन्तवद्भाव in the case of a single letter; confer, compare confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. confer, compare aādhārādheyabhāva a non-differential relation (अभेदसंसर्ग) between the personal endings तिप् , तस् et cetera, and others confer, compare ādhṛṣīya a sub-division of roots belonging to the चुरादिगण or tenth conjugation beginning with युज् and ending with धृष् which take the Vikaraṇa णिच् optionally id est, that is exempli gratia, for example ādheya a thing placed in another or depending upon another, as opposed to ādhāra or the container; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). aāntarya proximity; close affinity ; close relationship. There are four kinds of such proximity as far as words in grammar are concerned; Re: the organs of speech (स्थानतः)as in दण्डाग्रम्, regarding the meaning(अर्थतः)as in वातण्ड्ययुवतिः, regarding the quality (गुण) as in पाकः रागः, and regarding the prosodial value (प्रमाण) as in अमुष्मै, अमूभ्याम्; confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. confer, compare aānpad word ending with अान् which has the consonant dropped and the preceding आ nasalized; e. g. सर्गा इव सृजतम् Ṛk.Saṁ. VIII. 35. 20, महा इन्द्रः Ṛk Saṁ VI.19.1; confer, compare confer, compare āp (1) common term for the feminine. confer, compare confer, compare et cetera, and others locative case plural confer, compare ābanta ending with the feminine. confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). ābhācchāstra a rule given in the section called आभीयप्रकरण extending from P.VI.4.22 to VI.4.175, wherein one rule or operation is looked upon as invalid to another ; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). confer, compare Vyāḍiparibhāṣāsūcana. ābhīyaprakaraṇa a section of Pāṇini's grammar from VI.4.-2 to VI. 4.129, called अाभीय, as it extends to the rule भस्य VI.4.129, including it but as the governing rule भस्य is valid in every rule upto the end of the Pāda, the आभीयप्रकरण also extends upto the end of the Pāda.See अाभाच्छास्त्र a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. āmreḍita (1) iterative: a repeated word, defined as द्विरुक्तं पदम् confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare confer, compare āy (1) the affix आय applied to the roots गुप्, धूप् and others ending with which they are looked upon as roots; confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare confer, compare aārak taddhita affix. exempli gratia, for example confer, compare ārdhadhātuka a term used in contrast to the term सार्वधातुक for such verbal and kṛt affixes, as are not personal endings of verbs nor marked with the mute letter श् confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare edition ārdhadhātukādhikāra the topic or section in Pāṇini's grammar where operations, caused by the presence of an ārdhadhātuka affix ahead, are enumerated, beginning with the rule आर्धधातुके VI.4.46 and ending with न ल्यपि VI.4.69, Such operations are summed up in the stanza अतो लोपो चलोपश्च णिलोपश्च प्रयोजनम् । आल्लोप इत्वमेत्वं च चिण्वद्भावश्च सीयुटि; Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). āsvadīya a sub-division of the चुरादि (Xth conjugation id est, that is ik (1) short wording (प्रत्याहार) for the vowels इ, उ, ऋ and लृ; confer, compare kṛt (affix). et cetera, and others confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). kṛt (affix). exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). ic (1) short wording or pratyāhāra for vowels except अ. confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare iñ (1) kṛt (affix). feminine. exempli gratia, for example confer, compare kṛt (affix). exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). confer, compare id (1) augment इ prefixed,in general in the case of all roots barring a few roots ending in vowels except ऊ and ऋ and roots शक्, पच्, et cetera, and others confer, compare singular. or Ātmanep. Ātmanepada ṇ (1) short wording or pratyāhāra for all vowels except अ and the consonants ह् ,य् ,व् , र्, ल् confer, compare kṛt (affix). et cetera, and others confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). it (1) a letter or a group of letters attached to a word which is not seen in actual use in the spoken language: cf अप्रयोगी इत्, Śāk. I.1.5, Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare participle. confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare participle. confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare feminine. confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare feminine. confer, compare exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare itaretara possessed of interdependence; depending upon each other; confer, compare itaretarāśraya depending upon each other; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. itra kṛt affix, added to the roots ऋ, लू, धू et cetera, and others confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare in (1) substitute for the inst. case ending in अा (टा) after bases ending in अ ; confer, compare taddhita affix. confer, compare ini (1) kṛt affix इन् applied to the roots क्री with धि, जु with प्र, and the roots जि, दृ, क्षि and others, e. g. सोमविक्रयी, प्रजवी, जयी et cetera, and others confer, compare taddhita affix. confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare iyaṅ substitute for the last इ before a vowel generally in the case of monosyllabic roots ending in इ and the word स्त्री; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare iyā case-ending for inst. singular. confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). ir mute indicatory ending of roots, signifying the application of the aorist sign अ(अङ्) optionally;e g. अभिदत् or अभैत्सीत् from the root भिद् (भिदिर् in Dhātupāṭha); confer, compare confer, compare irit a root ending with mute indicatary ending इर्. See इर्. ī the long vowel ई which is technically included in the vowel इ in Pāṇini's alphabet being the long tone of that vowel; (2) substitute ई for the vowel अा of the roots घ्रा and ध्मा before the frequentative sign यङ् as for example in जेघ्रीयते, देध्मीयते, confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others locative case exempli gratia, for example confer, compare taddhita affix. confer, compare feminine. confer, compare īdit (a root) possessed of long ई as a mute indicatory ending meant for prohibiting the addition of the augment इ to the past participle. exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare īṣannāda an external effort characterized by slight resonance or sounding of throat cords when they slightly touch one another. u (1) labial vowel standing for the long ऊ and protracted ऊ3 in Pāṇini's grammar unless the consonant त् is affixed to it, उत् standing for the short उ only: (2) Vikaraṇa affix उ of the 8th conjugation ( तनादिगण ) and the roots धिन्व् and कृण्व्;confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare kṛt (affix). exempli gratia, for example confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare uccarita pronounced or uttered; the phrase उच्चरितप्रध्वंसिनः is used in connection with the mute indicatory letters termed इत् in Pāṇini's grammar, as these letters are not actually found in use in the language and are therefore supposed to vanish immediately after their purpose has been servedition Vyāḍiparibhāṣāsūcana. confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). uṇādiprātipadika word form or crude base, ending with an affix of the uṇ class, which is looked upon as practically underived, the affixes un and others not being looked upon as standard affixes applied with regular meanings attached to them and capable of causing operations to the preceding base as prescribed by rules of grammar; confer, compare udāttanirdeśa conventional understanding about a particular vowel in the wording of a sūtra being marked acute or Udātta, when ordinarily it should not have been so, to imply that a Paribhāṣā is to be applied for the interpretation of that Sūtra: confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). udāttamaya an accent made up of Udātta, i. e. an accent which is a reduced Udātta.It is called also प्रचय. It is mentioned in connection with an acute vowel following इति in the Padapāṭha, according to Kāṇva's view;confer, compare commentary udgrāha alleviation, ease, relief; name given to a Saṁdhi in the Prātiśākhya works when a visarga and a short vowel अ preceding it are changed into short अ, (e. g. यः + इन्द्र: = य इन्द्र:), as also when the vowel ए or ओ is changed into अ being followed by a dissimilar vowel; e. g. अग्ने + इन्द्रः = अग्न इन्द्रः; confer, compare upagraha a term used by the ancient grammarians in the sense of the Parasmaipada and the Ātmanepada affixes. The word is not found in Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. upapada literally confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). confer, compare Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. upapadasamāsa the compound of a word, technically termed as उपपद by Pāṇini according to his definition of the word in III.1.92., with another word which is a verbal derivative; confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. upasarga preposition, prefix. The word उसपर्ग originally meant only 'a prefixed word': confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska. et cetera, and others et cetera, and others Nirukta of Yāska. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Kaiyaṭa's Mahābhāṣyapradīpa. Mahābhāṣya-Pradīpoddyota by Nāgeśa. edition Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. upaskāra introduction of the necessary changes in the wording of the base, such as elision, or addition or substitution of a letter or letters as caused by the addition of suffixes. upahita (1) with, preceded by; e g. दीर्घोपहित, ह्रस्वोपहित; (2) sticking to, connected with, 'उपश्लेषित': confer, compare confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) ubhayagati both the alternatives; both the senses; double signification; confer, compare exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others us (1) substitute for झि ending of the third person. exempli gratia, for example confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare ūṅ feminine. exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others ūryādi a class of words headed by the words ऊरी उररी et cetera, and others et cetera, and others et cetera, and others ṛkāra the letter ऋ with its 18 varieties made up of the ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत, and सानुनासिक varieties and characterized by the three accents. ऋ and लृ are looked upon as cognate in Pāṇini's grammar and hence, ऋ could be looked upon as possessed of 30 varieties including 12 varieties of लृ. ṛktantra a work consisting of five chapters containing in all 287 sūtras. It covers the same topics as the Prātiśākhya works and is looked upon as one of the Prātiśākhya works of the Sāma Veda. Its authorship is attributed to Śākaṭāyana according to Nageśa, while औदिव्राज is held as its author by some, and कात्यायन by others. It bears a remarkable similarity to Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. ṛgvirāma verse-pause equal to 3 mātrākālas or three mātrā units. confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. ṛt short vowel ऋ. before which the preceding vowel is optionally left as it is, i. e. without coalescence and shortened also if long; confer, compare ṝdanta (roots) ending in ॠ which have the vowel ॠ changed into इर् by the rule ॠत इद्धातोः P.VII. 1.100; e. g. किरति, गिलति. e diphthong vowel ए made up of अ and इ, and hence having कण्ठतालुस्थान as its place of origin. It has no short form according to Pāṇini. In cases where a short vowel as a substitute is prescribed for it in grammar, the vowel इ is looked upon as its short form. Patañjali in his Mahābhāṣya has observed that followers of the Sātyamugri and Rāṇāyanīya branches of the Sāmaveda have short ए ( ऍ ) in their Sāmaveda recital and has given सुजाते अश्वसूनृते, अध्वर्यो अद्रिभिः सुतम् as illustrations; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). ekaśeṣanirdeśa statement by subsistence of one word out of many. The phrase is very often used in the Mahābhāṣya where the omission of an individual thing is explained by saying that the expression used is a composite one including the omitted thing along with the thing already expressed; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). et cetera, and others ekaśruti that which has got the same accent or tone; utterance in the same tone; monotone. The word is applied to the utterance of the vocative noun or phrase calling a man from a distance, as also to that of the vowels or syllables following a Svarita vowel in the Saṁhitā id est, that is confer, compare confer, compare ec a short term (प्रत्याहार) in Pāṇini's grammar standing for diphthongs or letters ए,ऐ,ओ, औ, exempli gratia, for example ep a term used in the Jainendra Vyākaraṇa for the term गुण of Pāṇini standing for the vowels अ, ए and ओ; confer, compare epha ending added to the consonant र when a mention of it is to be made; confer, compare exempli gratia, for example aic short term ( प्रत्याहार ) standing for 'the two diphthong vowels ऐ and औ; confer, compare confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). confer, compare confer, compare ais substitute for the case affix भिस् after words ending in अ; confer, compare ot the vowel ओ; confer, compare confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. au (1) the vowel औ; diphthong vowel made up of आ and ओ; ( 2 ) the substitute औ for the final letter उ of the word मनु before the fem, affix ई; confer, compare nominative case. auṭ the case ending औ of the acc. dual; confer, compare aut (1) the letter औ included in the वृद्धि vowels अा, ऐ and औ, and hence called वृद्धि in Pāṇini's grammar, (2) substitute for the caseending इ ( ङि ) in Pāṇini's grammar; confer, compare auś substitute औ for the nominative case. confer, compare {{c|-( anusvāra ) ṃanusvāra or nasal (l) looked upon as a phonetic element, independent, no doubt, but incapable of being pronounced without a vowel Preceding it. Hence, it is shown in writing with अ although its form in writing is only a dot a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. id est, that is a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. ḥ or विसर्गः literally edition confer, compare Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. ᳵjihvāmūlīya a phonetical element or unit called Jihvāmūlīya, produced at the root of the tongue, which is optionally substituted in the place of the Visarga (left 0ut breath) directly preceding the utterance of the letter क् or ख् and hence shown as ᳵ क्. See अ ᳵ क् a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. ᳶ upadhmānīya literally confer, compare commentary Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. confer, compare m̐ nāsikya a nasal letter or utterance included among the अयोगवाह letters analogous to anusvāra and yama letters. It is mentioned in the Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya as हुँ इति नासिक्यः on which Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works. Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works. confer, compare Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works. Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). et cetera, and others kaṇṭha glottis: cavity in the throat holding vocal cords; the place of the production of the sounds अ, अI and ह; confer, compare kartṛ agent of an action, subject; name of a kāraka or instrument in general, of an action, which produces the fruit or result of an action without depending on any other instrument; confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare karman (1) object of a transitive verb, defined as something which the agent or the doer of an action wants primarily to achieve. The main feature of कर्मन् is that it is put in the accusative case; confer, compare confer, compare Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. et cetera, and others confer, compare a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. confer, compare exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. et cetera, and others et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Padamañjarī, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Haradatta. confer, compare Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. exempli gratia, for example exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Padamañjarī, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Haradatta. confer, compare commentary confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska. Durgācārya's commentary on the Nirukta. kalman the same as karman or object of an action especially when it is not fully entitled to be called karman, but looked upon as karman only for the sake of being used in the accusative case; subordinate karman, as for instance the cow in गां पयो दोग्धि. The term was used by ancient grammarians; confer, compare kalyāṇyādi a class of words headed by the word कल्याणी to which the taddhita affix एय (ढक्) is added, in the sense of 'offspring' and, side by side, the ending इन् (इनड्) is substituted for the last letter of those words; e. g. काल्याणिनेयः, सौभागिनेयः confer, compare kasun kṛt affix अस् found in Vedic Literature, in the sense of the infinitive: e. g. ईश्वरो विलिखः (विलि-खितुम्) confer, compare kātantra name of an important small treatise on grammar which appears like a systematic abridgment of the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra. Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra. kātantrarūpamālā a work, explaining the various forms of nouns and verbs according to the rules of the Kātantra grammar, ascribed to Bhāvasena of the fifteenth century. kānac affix अान forming perfect partciples which are mostly seen in Vedic Literature. The affix कानच् is technically a substitute for the लिट् affix. Nouns ending in कानच् govern the accusative case of the nouns connected with them: exempli gratia, for example confer, compare kārakaviveka known as कारकवाद also; a short work on the meaning and relation of words written by Jayarāmabhaṭṭācārya who lived in the beginning of the eighteenth century. The work forms the concluding portion of a larger work called कारकविवेक which was written by शिरोमणिभट्टाचार्य.. The work कारकवाद has a short commentary written by the author himselfeminine. kārita (1) ancient term for the causal Vikaraṇa, (णिच् in Pāṇini's grammar and इन् in Kātantra); (2) causal or causative as applied to roots ending in णिच् or words derived from such roots called also 'ṇyanta' by the followers of Pāṇini's grammar; confer, compare Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra. kārtikeya the original instructor of the Kātantra or Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra. kāryakālaparibhāṣā one of the important Paribhāṣā, regarding the application of the Paribhāṣā rules. See कायैकाल. For details see Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. kāryin the word or wording that undergoes the operation; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. kāla notion of time created by different contacts made by a thing with other things one after another. Time required for the utterance of a short vowel is taken as a unit of time which is called मात्रा or कालमात्रा, literally confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare kāśikā (1) name given to the reputed gloss (वृत्ति) on the Sūtras of Pāṇini written by the joint authors.Jayāditya and Vāmana in the 7th century A.D. Nothing definitely can be said as to which portion was written by Jayāditya and which by Vamana, or the whole work was jointly written. Some scholars believe that the work was called Kāśikā as it was written in the city of Kāśī and that the gloss on the first five Adhyāyas was written by Jayāditya and that on the last three by Vāmana. Although it is written in a scholarly way, the work forms an excellent help to beginners to understand the sense of the pithy Sūtra of Pāṇini. The work has not only deserved but obtained and maintained a very prominent position among students and scholars of Pāṇini's grammar in spite of other works like the Bhāṣāvṛtti, the Prakriyā Kaumudi, the Siddhānta Kaumudi and others written by equally learned scholars. Its wording is based almost on the Mahābhāṣya which it has followed, avoiding, of course, the scholarly disquisitions occurring here and there in the Mahābhāṣya. It appears that many commentary works were written on it, the wellknown among them being the Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā or Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. kāṣṭhādi a class of words headed by the word काष्ठ after which a word standing as a second member in a compound gets the grave accent for it,e. g. काष्ठाध्यापकः, परमाध्यापक et cetera, and others confer, compare ki (1) kṛt affix इ prescribed after धु roots with a prefix attached;exempli gratia, for example confer, compare exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare kit (1) marked with the mute letter क् which is applied by Pāṇini to affixes, for preventing guṇa and vṛddhi substitutes to the preceding इक् vowel (इ, उ, ऋ or लृ); confer, compare confer, compare et cetera, and others edition kina kṛt affix इ prescribed along with कि. See कि a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. kuṭādi a group of roots headed by the root कुट् of the VIth conjugation after which an affix which is neither ञित् nor णित् becomes ङित्,and as a result prevents the substitution of गुण or वृद्धि for the preceding vowel e. g. कुटिता, कुटितुम् । confer, compare kṛt literally confer, compare confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska. Nirukta of Yāska. confer, compare confer, compare
