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abhisamāvṛt | Ved. (3. plural -/āvartante-and imperfect tense -āvartanta-; future p. -vartsyamāna-) to return home |
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abhiṣavaṇa | f. (abhi-ṣ/avaṇīs-) Ved. Nominal verb plural the utensils used for pressing out (the soma- juice) (see adhi-ṣ/avaṇa-.) |
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abhivas | -vaste-, to wrap one's self up in (accusative) : Causal (imperfect tense -/avāsayat-) to clothe, cover |
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abhivṛṣ | P. (Aorist -/avarṣīt-) to rain upon etc.: P. (sometimes A1.) to bedew, cover with (instrumental case) a shower (as of arrows or blossoms, etc.) etc. ; (said of gods) to cause to rain |
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ābhū | -bh/avati- (Impf. 2. sg. /ā-bhavas-; perfect tense /ā-babhūva-,etc.) to be present or near at hand ; to assist ; to exist, be ; to continue one's existence ; to originate, be produced, begin to exist |
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abhyaś | -aśnoti-, (frequently Opt. or preceding 1. sg. -aśyām-,3. sg. -aśyās-[ ] , 1. plural -aśyāma-; Aorist P. -ānaṭ-and A1. -/āṣṭa-; perf. 1. plural -ānaśma-,3. plural -ānaś/uḥ-) to pervade, reach to, gain ; (subjunctive 1. dual number -aśn/avāva-,1. plural -aśn/avāma-) to overpower |
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abhyuddru | -dr/avati-, to run up to (accusative) |
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adhri | press-stone; gr/āvā- / adriḥ- |
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āgāvīya | n. the hymn () which begins with the words /ā g/āvaḥ- |
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agrimavatī | f. the verse (beginning with p/avasva- vāc-/ o- agriy-/ aḥ-), |
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ali | m. also al/avas- is mentioned as a corrupt pronunciation for /aryas- |
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añc | See akudhryāñc-, /avāñc-, udañc-, devadry/añc-, etc. |
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apabrū | (imperfect tense -br/avat-) to speak some mysterious or evil words upon |
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apavap | (subjunctive 2. sg. -vapas-[ -vapa-]; imperfect tense 2. sg. -/avapas-,3. sg. -/avapat-) to disperse, drive off, destroy |
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araṇi | f. (figuratively) a mother (see pāṇḍ/avāraṇi-and surāraṇi-) |
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areṇu | m. plural (/avas-) the gods |
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av | cl.1 P. /avati- (Imper. 2. sg. avatāt- , parasmE-pada /avat-; imperfect tense /āvat-,2. sg. 1. /āvaḥ-[for 2. /āvaḥ-See vṛ-]; perf. 3. sg. āva-,2. plural āv/a- , 2. sg. /āvitha-; Aorist /avit-,2. sg. āvīs-, avīs-and aviṣas-, Imper. aviṣṭu-,2. sg. aviḍḍh/i-[once ] or aviḍḍhi-[six times in ], 2. dual number aviṣṭam-,3. dual number,2. plural aviṣṭ/anā- preceding 3. sg. avyās-, infinitive mood /avitave- ;Ved. ind.p. āvyā- ) to drive, impel, animate (as a car or horse) ; Ved. to promote, favour, (chiefly Vedic or Veda) to satisfy, refresh ; to offer (as a hymn to the gods) ; to lead or bring to (dative case : ūt/aye-, v/āja-sātaye-, kṣatr/āya-, svast/aye-) ; (said of the gods) to be pleased with, like, accept favourably (as sacrifices, prayers or hymns) , (chiefly said of kings or princes) to guard, defend, protect, govern etc.: Causal (only imperfect tense avayat-,2. sg. āvayas-) to consume, devour ([ confer, compare Greek Latin aveo?]) . |
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avabhṛ | P. (imperfect tense /avābharat-,or -bharat-,2. sg. -bharas-,Ved. Imper. 2. sg. -bharā-) to throw or push or press down or into ; to throw or cut off : A1. -bharate-, to sink down or disappear (as foam) , to lower : Passive voice (subjunctive -bhriyāte- Aorist -bhāri-) to be pressed upon or in (accusative) (See ava-bhā-). |
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avacchid | ( chid-) to refuse any one : Passive voice /ava-cchidyate-, to be separated from (ablative) |
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avadah | (imperfect tense 2. sg. /avādahas-) "to burn down from", expel from (ablative) with heat or fire ; (ind.p. -dahya-) to burn down, consume |
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avadhāv | -dh/āvati- to run down drop down from (ablative) |
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avagam | -gacchati- (subjunctive -g/acchāt-; ind.p. -g/atya- ; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /avagantos- ) to go down, descend to (accusative or locative case) ; (with accusative) to come to, visit, approach ; to reach, obtain ; to get power or influence ; to go near, undertake ; to hit upon, think of, conceive, learn, know, understand, anticipate, assure one's self, be convinced ; to recognize, consider, believe any one (accusative) to be (accusative) : Causal P. (3. plural -gamayanti-;Imper. 2. sg. -gamaya-) to bring near, procure ; to cause to know, teach |
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avāgam | (Aorist 1. plural /ava-, āganma-) to undertake, begin |
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avāj | ( aj-) /avājati-, to drive down |
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avakīrṇin | mfn. (equals /ava-kīrṇa-) who has violated his vow of chastity |
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avākka | mf(ā-)n. (only for etymology of /avakā-) turned downwards |
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avakolba | See /avaka-. |
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avakṝ | -kirati- (imperfect tense avākirat-; ind.p. -kīrya-) to pour out or down, spread, scatter, etc. ; (Potential -k/iret-) to spill one's semen virile (see /ava-kīrṇa-and rṇin-below) ; to shake off, throw off, leave ; to bestrew, pour upon, cover with, fill etc.: Passive voice -kīryate- (perf. -cakre- ,according to commentator or commentary also A1. -kirate- Aorist avākirṣṭa-) to extend in different directions, disperse, pass away ; A1. (Aorist 3. plural avākīrṣata-) to fall off, become faithless, , (see ava-s-kṝ-) |
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āvan | A1. (2. sg. /ā-vanase- ; perfect tense 3. sg. /ā-vavne- ; Aorist 3. sg. -/avaniṣīṣṭa- ) to wish, desire, crave for ; to procure. |
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avara | mf(ā-)n. (fr. 2. /ava-), below inferior |
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avāra | n. (fr. 2. /ava-,but formed after a-pār/a- q.v) Ved. this side, the near bank of a river |
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avaratara | (/avara--) mfn. (Comparative degree) farther down |
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avarīṇa | See /avara-. |
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avaṛti | for /ava-rti-, q.v |
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avas | n. wish, desire (as of men for the gods etc. ,or of the waters for the sea ) (see -sv-/avas-.) |
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avas | ind. (once, before m-, av/ar- ; see ) (fr. 2. /ava-) downwards |
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avaso | -syati- (Imper. 2. dual number -syatam-; Aorist subjunctive -sāt-) to loosen, deliver from ; (Imper. 2. sg. -sya-; Aorist /avāsāt- etc. Aorist 3. plural /avāsur- ; ind.p. -s/āya- ; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -sai- ) Vedic or Veda to unharness (horses), put up at any one's house, settle, rest etc. ; to take, one's abode or standing-place in or upon (locative case) ; to finish, terminate (one's work) etc. ; to be finished, be at an end, be exhausted ; to choose or appoint (as a place for dwelling or for a sacrifice) ; (Potential 2. sg. -seyās-; see ) to decide , to obtain : Causal -sāyayati- (ind.p. -s/āyya-) to cause to take up one's abode in or upon (locative case) ; (ind.p. -sāyya-) to complete ; (infinitive mood [in Passive voice sense] -sāyyayitum-) to ascertain, clearly distinguish Passive voice -sīyate- (see ) to be obtained ; to be insisted upon (edition Bombay edition in active sense "to insist upon") ; to be ascertained |
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avasṛj | (subjunctive -sṛjāt-[ ] or -sṛj/at-[ ] or -sṛjat-[ ];Imper. 2. sg. -sṛj/ā-,or -sṛjā-; imperfect tense -/asṛjat-; perf. Potential -sasṛjyā- ; parasmE-pada -sṛj/at- ) to fling, throw (as arrows or the thunderbolt) etc. ; to throw or put into (locative case) , to let off, let loose, let go, send, dismiss, abandon, surrender (as to misfortune, agh/āya- ) etc. ; to give up (as one's anger etc.) , (or one's life, prāṇān-) xii, 88 ; to pardon ; (any one's life, prāṇān-) ; to deliver (a woman) ; to be delivered, bring forth ; to produce, form, shape : A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural /avāsṛjanta-) to relax, lose energy and power. ; (imperfect tense avāsṛjat-for sajat-,fr.- sañj- ) to attach to (locative case) |
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avasvat | See 1. /avas-. |
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avasya | Nom. P. See 1. /avas-. |
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avasyu | See 1. /avas-. |
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avataram | See 2. /ava-. |
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avatatadhanvan | (/avatata-) mfn. whose bow is unbent |
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avatsar | (imperfect tense /ava tsarat-) to fly away |
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avattaram | (/avat--) ind. (Comparative degree),"more favourably"or"with greater pleasure", varia lectio of instead of /ava-tara- in |
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avayātaheḷas | (/avayāta--.) mfn. whose anger is appeased |
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bambaviśvavayas | () and bamb/ā-viśv/avayas- (; see gaRa vanaspaty-ādi- ) m. dual number Name of 2 men (also bambhār-viśvavayas- ) |
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bhavadvasu | (bh/avad--) mfn. having wealth present id est wealthy, opulent |
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bhavat | mf., (Nominal verb bh/avān-, vatī-; vocative case bhavan-or bhos- q.v; f. vati-; see ) your honour, your worship, your lordship or ladyship, you (literally"the gentleman or lady present"; see atra--and tatra-bh-;used respectfully for the 2nd Persian pronoun,but properly with the 3rd and only exceptionally with the 2nd Persian of the verb exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavān dadātu-,"let your highness give";sometimes in plural to express greater courtesy exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavantaḥ pramāṇam-,"your honour is an authority") etc. |
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bhū | cl.1 P. () bh/avati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense babh/ūva-,2. Persian /ūtha-or ūvitha- confer, compare ; babhūyās-, y/ār-, babhūtu- ; A1. babhūve-or bubhūve- ; confer, compare below; Aorist /abhūt-, ūvan-; imperative bodh/i-[ confer, compare budh-], bhūtu- ; Aorist or imperfect tense /abhuvat-, bh/uvat-, bhuvāni- ; preceding bhūyāsam-,2. 3. sg. yās- ; bhūyāt- ; bhūyiṣṭhās- ; bhaviṣāt-[?] ; abhaviṣṭa-, bhaviṣīṣta-. grammar; future bhaviṣy/ati-, Epic also te-and 2. plural ṣyadhvam-; bhavitā- etc.; infinitive mood bhuv/e-, -bhv/e-, bhūṣ/aṇi- ; bhavitum-, tos- ; ind.p. bhūtv/ā-; bhūtv/ī- ; -bh/ūya- etc.; -bh/ūyam-, -bh/avam- ), to become, be (with nom, or adverb or indeclineable words ending in ī-or ū- confer, compare kṛṣṇī-bhū-etc.) , arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur etc. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms;with a fut.p. =to be going or about to exempli gratia, 'for example' anuvakṣyan bhavati-,he is going to recite ;the future of bhū-with a perfect tense parasmE-pada =a future perfect tense exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi-,you will have done ;the perfect tense P. babhūva-after the syllable ām-is put for the perfect tense of verbs of the 10th classetc.[ confer, compare 1. as-and1. kṛ-];the A1.appears in this meaning ;observe also bhavati-with a future tense, it is possible that, exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati-,it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed ; bhavet-,may be, granted, admitted on ; bhavatu- idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ',well, good, enough of this ; iticed bhavet-,if this question should be asked ; kva tad bhavati-,what is to become of this, it is quite useless ;with na-= to cease to exist, perish, die etc.;with iha na-,not to be born on earth ;with śata-dhā-,to fall into a hundred pieces ;with dūrataḥ-,to keep aloof. ;with manasi-or cetasi-and genitive case,to occur to the mind of any one ; idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ' with genitive case alone ) ; to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (confer, compare"esse alicujus";with genitive case,rarely dative case or locative case according to to also with pari-or prati-and preceding accusative) etc. ; to be on the side of, assist (with genitive case or -tas-) (confer, compare ) ; to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dative case of thing) etc. (with phalāya-.to bear fruit ) ; to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with locative case) ; to thrive or prosper in (instrumental case), turn out well, succeed ; to be of consequence or useful ; (also A1. ) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain ; (with id/am-) to obtain it id est be successful or fortunate : Passive voice bhūyate- (or ti- ; Aorist abhāvi-) sometimes used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' yair bhaviṣyate-, by whom it will be existed id est who will be : Causal bhāvayati- (rarely te-; Aorist abībhavat- grammar; infinitive mood bhāvitum- ; Passive voice bhāvyate-etc. ), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create ; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further etc. ; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (accusative) ; to subdue, control ; (also A1. ) to obtain ; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray ; to purify ; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two accusative) etc. ; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume (confer, compare bhāvita-,): Desiderative of Causal bibhāvayiṣati- (), to wish to cause to be etc. : Desiderative b/ubhūṣati- (te-), to wish or strive to become or be etc. ; (with kṣipram-), to strive to be quickly possessed ; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed ; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour ; to want to take revenge : Intens, b/obhavīti-, bobhavati-, bobhoti-, bobhūyate-, to be frequently, to be in the habit of ; to be transformed into (accusative) ; (with tiraḥ-), to keep anything (instrumental case) secret [ confer, compare Zend bu1; Greek , ; Latin fuit,fuatetc.; Slavonic or Slavonian byti; Lithuanian bu4ti; German bim,bim; Anglo-Saxon beo4; English be.] |
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brū | cl.2 P. A1. () br/avīti-, brūt/e- (only proper stem;the other forms are supplied by vac- confer, compare ; brūmi-for bravīmi- ; subjunctive br/avas-, vat- ; imperative brūhi-, Epic also bravīhi-, bruvadhvam-; brūtāt- ; imperfect tense abruvam-for abravam- ; pr.p. A1. Epic bruvamāṇa-for bruvāṇa-; preceding 2. plural brūyāsta- wrong reading for brūyās tat-), to speak, say, tell (either intrans.;or with accusative of Persian or thing;or with accusative of thing and accusative dative case genitive case or locative case of person = to tell or relate anything to;with two accusative also = declare or pronounce to be, call) etc. ; to speak about any person or thing (accusative with or without prati-,or adhikṛtya-) etc. ; to proclaim, predict ; to answer (either intrans. with punar-or trans. with praśnam-,"a question") ; (with anyathā-) to speak or decide or judge wrongly ; (A1.,rarely P.) to call or profess one's self to be (Nominal verb,rarely with iti-) ; (A1.) to designate for one's self, choose ; (A1.) to be told by itself, tell itself (tell its tale) Va1rtt. 1 [ confer, compare Zend mru1.] |
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ca | ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= , Latin que,placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form(exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ava ca m/ama ca-[not te ca me ca-],"both of thee and me") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented ;it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;in the double ca-occurs more frequently than the single(exempli gratia, 'for example' ah/aṃ ca tv/aṃ ca-,"I and thou", );the double ca-may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit(exempli gratia, 'for example' kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te-,"where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?");in later literature, however, the first ca-is more usually omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' ahaṃ tvaṃ ca-),and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca-is often found(exempli gratia, 'for example' tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā-,"in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position");elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca-is placed after some and omitted after others(exempli gratia, 'for example' ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī-,"the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river");in Vedic or Veda and even in class. Sanskrit[ ] , when the double ca-would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' indraś ca soma-,"both indra- [and thou] soma-"; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ-,"both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united");with lexicographers ca-may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed(exempli gratia, 'for example' kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ-,"the word karaka-has the meaning "pitcher"and other meanings");sometimes ca-is equals eva-,even, indeed, certainly, just(exempli gratia, 'for example' su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam-,"even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name"; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ-,"as great as they [were] just so great was he");occasionally ca-is disjunctive,"but","on the contrary","on the other hand","yet","nevertheless"(varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ-,"better the two first but not the last"; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ-,"this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs"); ca-ca-,though-yet ; ca-na ca-,though - yet not ; ca-- na tu-(varia lectio nanu-) idem or 'm. the letter or sound ca-.', ; na ca-- ca-,though not - yet ; ca-may be used for vā-,"either","or"(exempli gratia, 'for example' iha cāmutra vā-,"either here or hereafter"; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam-,"either a woman or a man or any other being") , and when a negative particle is joined with ca-the two may then be translated by"neither","nor";occasionally one ca-or one na-is omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum-,"I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon"; na pūrvāhṇe nā ca parāhṇe-,"neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon"); ca-ca-may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence(exempli gratia, 'for example' mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ-,"no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god", ); ca-is sometimes equals ced-,"if"(confer, compare ;the verb is accented) ; ca-may be used as an expletive(exempli gratia, 'for example' anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca-,"and with other sacrifices"); ca-is often joined to an adverb like eva-, api-, tathā-, tathaiva-,etc., either with or without a negative particle(exempli gratia, 'for example' vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ-,"one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy");(See eva-, api-,etc.) For the meaning of ca-after an interrogativeSee 2. k/a-,2. kath/ā-, k/im-, kv/a-); ([ confer, compare , Latin que,pe(innempeetc.); Gothic uh; Zend ca; Old Persian ca1.]) |
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chadi | mfn. "a roof" See n/ava--. |
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cyavana | m. (later form for cy/avāna-) Name of a ṛṣi- (son of bhṛgu-, author of ) (father of ṛcīka-, xiii, 207) etc. |
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cyavāna | mfn. (equals cy/avana-) Name of a ṛṣi- (restored to youth by the aśvin-s) |
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cyu | cl.1. cy/avate- (Epic also ti-; subjunctive 1. sg. cy/avam- ;3. plural cyavanta-, future cyoṣyate- ; Aorist 2. plural acyoḍhvam-[ subjunctive cy-, ] and preceding cyoṣīḍhvam- ) to move to and fro, shake about ; to stir, move from one's place, go away, retire from (ablative), turn off; ; ; to deviate from (ablative), abandon (duty etc. ablative;exceptionally genitive case infinitive mood cyavitum-) ; to come forth from, come out of. drop from, trickle, stream forth from (ablative; see 2. cyut-), ; to fall down, fall, slide from (ablative), ; to fall from any divine existence (so as to be re-born as a man) ; to die ; "to fall from", be deprived of, lose (with ablative) (Aorist acyoṣṭa-) ; to fall away, fade away, disappear, vanish, perish ; to fail ; to sink down, sink (literally and figuratively) ; (in the series of re-births) ; to decrease (with instrumental case) ; to bring about, create, make (perfect tense 2. sg. cicyuṣ/e- see ); (perfect tense cucyuv/e-) ; to cause to go away, make forget ; Causal cyāv/ayati- (once cyav- always cyav-, parasmE-pada cyāv/ayat- ; imperfect tense acucyavur-, ; perfect tense cyāvayām āsa- ) P. to cause to move, shake, agitate ; A1. to be moved or shaken ; P. to loosen, ; to remove from a place, drive away from (ablative) ; to cause (rain, v/ṛṣṭim-) to fall ; to deprive any one (accusative) of (accusative) ; Intensive (imperfect tense 2. plural acucyavītana-) to shake : Causal Desiderative cicyāvayiṣati- or cucy- |
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dhāv | cl.1 P. A1. dh/āvati-, te- (perfect tense dadhāva-, ve- grammar; Aorist adadhāvat- ; adhāvīt- ; preceding dhāvyāsam- grammar; future dhāviṣyati- , te-and dhāvitā- grammar; ind.p. dhāvitvā-and vya- ; dhautvA grammar) ; to run, flow, stream, move, glide, swim etc. ; to run after (with or scilicet paścāt-) etc. = seek for (accusative) ; run towards (-abhimukham-) run a race (ājim-) run as fast as possible (sarvaṃ javam-) ; run to and fro (itaś cetaś ca-) ; run away, flee ; to advance or rush against (accusative) ; (prati-) : Causal dhāv/ayati- (Aorist adīdhavat- grammar) to make run, impel ; to drive in a chariot, (with instrumental case of the vehicle and accusative of the way) ; to jump, dance (see 2. dhan-, dhanv-, dhav-;1. dhū-.) |
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dhava | m. (accent. only ;said by some to be fr. dhū-,but more probably a secondary formation fr. vi-dh/avā- q.v) a man |
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dhi | = /adhi-2 (exempli gratia, 'for example' in dhi-ṣṭhita-[ ]for adhi-ṣṭhita- q.v; see pi- equals /api-, va- equals /ava-). |
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div | , dy/u- m. (Nominal verb dy/aus-; vocative case dyaus-[ ]; accusative dy/ām- d/ivam-; instrumental case div/ā-or d/īvā-[see below]; dative case dive-[ dyave- ]; ablative genitive case div/as-[rarely dy/os- exempli gratia, 'for example' ]; locative case div/i-, dy/avi-; dual number dyāvā- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order [ dy/avī-as vocative case only ]; plural Nominal verb dy/āvas-[ divas-only ]; accusative dy/ūn-[rare, d/ivas-, div/as- exempli gratia, 'for example' ]; instrumental case dy/ubhis-;native grammarians give as stems div-and dyo-;the latter is declined through all cases like go-,but really does not occur except in forms mentioned above and in dyo-salila- , while div-and dyu-regularly alternate before vowel and consonant) (rarely f.) in Vedic or Veda f. in later Skr. heaven, the sky (regarded in Vedic or Veda as rising in three tiers[ avama-, madhyama-, uttama-or tṛtīya- ] , and generally as the father(dy/auṣ- pit/ā-,while the earth is the mother[ see dyāvā-pṛthivī-],and uṣas- the daughter) , rarely as a goddess, daughter of prajā-pati- ) |
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dru | cl.1. P. (; Epic also A1.) dr/avati-, te- etc. (perfect tense dudrāva- ; drotha-, druma- ; druvur- etc.; Aorist adudruvat- ; drot- subjunctive dudr/avat- ; future droṣyati- ; infinitive mood -drotum- ; ind.p. druṭv/ā-and -drutya- ) to run, hasten, flee etc. ; to run up to (accusative), attack, assault ; to become fluid, dissolve, melt : Causal drāv/ayati- (Epic also te-; dravayate-See under drav/a-) to cause to run, make flow ; to make fluid, melt, ; to drive away, put to flight (Passive voice drāvyate-, ) : Desiderative dudrūṣati- grammar : Desiderative of Causal dudrāvayiṣati- or dud- : Intensive dodrūyate- or dodroti- grammar (dodrāva- ) . ([ confer, compare 2. drā-and dram-; Zend dru,drvant.]) |
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gavāmpati | m. (g/avām p/ati- )"cow-lord" , a bull |
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gha | ind. sometimes it occurs in the clause which depends on a conditional or relative sentence (exempli gratia, 'for example' /ā ghā gamad y/adi śr/avat-,"he will surely come when he hears"), |
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gnāvat | (gn/ā--) mfn. accompanied by divine females (vocative case and Nominal verb [!?] -vas-; gn/āvas- equals stuti-vācas-,"words of praise") |
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go | g/aus- (accusative g/ām- instrumental case g/avā- dative case g/ave-, genitive case ablative g/os- locative case g/avi-; dual number g/āvā-[Ved.], g/āvau-; plural Nominal verb g/āvas- accusative g/ās-[rarely g/āvas- ] instrumental case g/obhis- dative case ablative g/obhyas-, genitive case g/avām-[once at the end of a pāda- ] and [in at the end of pāda-s only see ] g/onām- locative case g/oṣu-) m. an ox f. a cow, (plural) cattle, kine, herd of cattle etc. (in compound before vowels[ see ] gav-, gava-,qq. vv.; see also gavām-, gavi-, gāṃ- ss.vv.; gavāṃ vrata-Name of a sāman-; gavāṃ tīrtha-See go t-; g/oṣu-gam-,to set out for a battle [to conquer cows] ) |
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gu | (see 1. gā-) cl.1 A1. g/avate-, to go |
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gva | in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' See atithi-gv/a-, /eta--, d/aśa--, n/ava--. |
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hve | cl.1 P. A1. () hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve- ; hvāmahe- ; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi- ; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense] ; hvayāna- ; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ- etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e- ; juhuve-, huhurire- ; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre- ; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta- ] etc. etc.; ahvi- ; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata- ; ahvāsīt-[?] ; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te- ; hvāsyate- ; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight") etc. ; to emulate, vie with : Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc. : Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case) : Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna- ) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .] |
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jāvan | See pūrva-j/āvan-. |
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jāvanya | n. (fr. j/avana-) swiftness gaRa dṛdhādi-. |
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jāvāyani | fr. j/ava- gaRa karṇādi-. |
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jū | (see jinv-), cl.1.A1. cl.9. P. j/avate-, jun/āti- ( ju- cl.1 P. javati- varia lectio;a sautra- root ; subjunctive 2. sg. jun/ās-; Aorist subjunctive jūjuvat-; perfect tense 3. plural jūjuvur-) to press forwards, hurry on, be quick ; to impel quickly, urge or drive on, incite ; to scare ; to excite, promote, animate, inspire : Causal Aorist ajījavat- : Causal Desiderative jijavayiṣati- ; see pra--. |
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kabandha | mn. (sometimes written k/avandha-) a big barrel or cask, a large-bellied vessel (metaphorically applied to a cloud) |
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kadā | ind. with a following ca- and preceding yadā-, whenever, as often as possible (exempli gratia, 'for example' yad/ā kad/ā ca sun/avāma s/omam-,let us press out the soma- as often as may be or at all times ) |
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kāvacika | n. (fr. k/avaca-), a multitude of men in armour |
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kavasa | m. a prickly shrub (see k/avaca-.) |
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ketu | m. aruṇ/āḥ ket/avaḥ-,"red apparitions", a class of spirits (a kind of sacrificial fire is called after them āruṇaketuka- q.v) |
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khadiravanika | etc. See khadir/avaṇika-. |
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kiyat | mfn. little, small, unimportant, of small value (often in compound, exempli gratia, 'for example' kiyad-vakra-,a little bent commentator or commentary on ; kiyad api-,how large or how far soever ; y/āvat k/iyac ca-,how large or how much soever, of what qualities soever ) |
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kṛ | Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- () ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also ), /akran- (Aorist,according to ); A1. /akri- (), /akṛthās- (), /akṛta- (); akrātām- (), /akrata- ( ) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also ), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- () , 3. plural kr/anta- () : Potential kriyāma- (); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to ) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- () (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā- ), kṛṇavase- (also varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- () or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- () : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi- ); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after ]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- () : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also ), kuruta- or kurutana- (); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- ( ), vāma- or vāmas- (), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (; he- ), karavaithe-, vaite- ( , ), vāmahai-(he- ) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam- ); A1. cakrāṇa- () : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (), acakrat- (), /acakriran- (); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (); Class. akārṣīt- ( ;once akāraṣīt- ); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- ( ) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([ ]) and kṛtv/āya- ([ ]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command) ; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case) etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case) etc. ; to compose, describe ; to cultivate (confer, compare ) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry ; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love ; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider ; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog ' ;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-] ; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of ) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[ etc.] or buddhim-[ ] or matim-[ ]or bhāvam-[ ], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going ; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd ; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him ) ; to think of (accusative) ; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal ) etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case) etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case) ; to make liable to (dative case) ; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden) ; to appoint, institute ; to give an order, commission ; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-) ; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city) ; to proceed, act, put in practice etc. ; to worship, sacrifice ; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-) ( ), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula () ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram- ; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw ) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-) The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty ; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([ ]) or salilaṃ- ([ ]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons ; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute ; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc. ; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate ; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- () , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see ;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti- ; imperfect tense akar- and ;3. plural akran- and ; preceding kriyāt- (See );according to , also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see ] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made ; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade ; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee ) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house ) . Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word ; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly ; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does ) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs- ) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship : Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See ), to do repeatedly ; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([ ]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator ]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .]) |
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kṣam | f. (Nominal verb kṣ/ās- accusative kṣ/ām- instrumental case kṣam/ā-once jm/ā-[ ] dative case kṣe-[? ], genitive case ablative gm/as-, jm/as-,once kṣm/as-[ ], locative case kṣ/ami-; dual number Nominal verb kṣ/āmā-[ ; see dy/āva-kṣ/āmā-]; plural Nominal verb kṣāmas-[ ; kṣ/āmīs-fr. mi- ], kṣ/ās-[ ] accusative kṣ/ās-[ ] locative case kṣ/āsu- ) the ground, earth, |
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kū | or ku- cl.2 P. kauti- (Ved. kavīti- ), or cl.1 A1. kavate- () , or cl.6. kuvate- () , or cl.9 P. A1. kūnāti-, kūnāte- (perf. 3. plural cukuvur- ), to sound, make any noise, cry out, moan, cry (as a bird), coo, hum (as a bee) etc. : cl.1. k/avate-, to move : Intensive A1. kokūyate- ( ) P. A1. kokavīti- and cokūyate- ( ), to cry aloud ; ([ confer, compare Greek .]) |
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maghavan | mfn. (magh/a--.) (middle stem magh/a-vat-[which may be used throughout], weak stem magh/on-; Nominal verb m. magh/avā-or vān- f. magh/onī-or maghavatī-[ ]; n. maghavat-; Nominal verb plural m.once magh/onas-; see ), possessing or distributing gifts, bountiful, liberal, munificent (especially said of indra- and other gods, but also of institutors of sacrifices who pay the priests and singers) |
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makhavat | mfn. (makh/a--) companion of makha- (a word used to explain magh/avat- q.v) |
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matsyapurāṇa | n. "fish- purāṇa-s", Name of one of the 18 purāṇa-s (so called as communicated by viṣṇu- in the form of a fish to the 7th manu-; see matsy/āvatāra-and ). |
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navadaśan | or (n/ava-.) |
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navagraha | mfn. (for 2.See 4. n/ava-) recently caught. kad-. |
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navajā | and (n/ava--) |
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navan | plural (Nominal verb accusative r/ava-; instrumental case nav/abhis- ablative dative case bhyas- locative case su-;Class, also navabh/is-, bhy/as-, s/u-; genitive case navān/ām- ) nine [ confer, compare Zend navan; Greek for fr fa Latin,no7vem; Gothic and Old HGerm.niun,OSax. and Anglo-Saxon nigun,NHGerm.neun, English nine.] |
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navanīta | n. (n/ava--) fresh butter etc. |
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navaraṅga | See under 4. n/ava-. |
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navatara | (n/ava--) mfn. (Comparative degree) newer, younger, fresher (see n/avīyas-). |
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nāvya | n. (fr. 1, n/ava-) newness, s, novelty |
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niḥṣku | ( sku-), to tear, rend (only ind.p. - ṣk/āvam-), |
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niḥsru | P. -sr/avati-, to flow out or off rise from (ablative) ; to disappear or be lost to or from (ablative) : Causal -srāvayats-, to cause to flow out (as a pond) ; to cause to disappear from or be lost to or from (ablative), |
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nivāta | mfn. ( van-; see 3. /avāta-) unhurt, uninjured, safe, secure (n. security) etc. |
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nu | or nū- cl.2.6. P. () nauti-, nuvati-, (present tense also n/avate-, ti- etc.; parasmE-pada P. nuv/at-, n/avat- A1. n/avamāna- ; perfect tense nunāva- ; Aorist /anūnot-, /anūṣi-, ṣata-, anaviṣṭa- ; anauṣit-, anāvit-, anuvīt- grammar; future naviṣyati-, nuv-; navitā-, nuv- ; ind.p. -nutya-, -nāvam- ; infinitive mood lavitum- varia lectio nuv- ), to sound, shout, exult ; praise, commend etc. etc.: Passive voice nūyate- etc.: Causal nāvayati- Aorist anūnavat- grammar : Desiderative nunūṣati- ; Desiderative of Causal nunāvayiṣati- : Intensive n/onavīti-, nonumas- (imperfect tense anonavur- subjunctive n/avīnot-; perfect tense n/onāva-, nonuvur- ; nonūyate-, nonoti- grammar), to sound loudly, roar, thunder |
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paridhāv | P. -dh/āvati- (Epic also te-), to flow or stream round or through ; to run or drive about (with mṛgayām-,"to hunt") ; to run or move round anything (with accusative) etc. ; to run through or towards or after (with accusative) etc.: Causal -dhāvayati-, to surround, encircle |
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parivṛt | A1. -vartate- (Epic also ti-; ind.p. -vṛtya-,or parī-vartam-), to turn round, revolve, move in a circle or to and fro, roll or wheel or wander about, circumambulate (accusative) etc. ; (with hṛdi-or hṛdaye-) to run in a person's mind ; to return, go or come back to (accusative) ; to be reborn in (locative case) ; (also with anyathā-) to change, turn out different ; to abide, stay, remain etc. ; to act, proceed, behave : Causal -vartayati-, to cause to turn or move round or back or to and fro etc. ; (A1.) to roll or bring near (subjunctive -vartayāte-) ; to overthrow, upset (a carriage) ; to invert, put in a reverse order (read -vartya-for -vṛtya-) ; to change, barter, exchange etc. ; to renew (an agreement) ; to understand or explain wrongly (words etc.) ; to turn topsy-turvy id est search thoroughly ; to destroy, annihilate ; to straiten, contract ; (A1.) to cause one's self to be turned round (in having one's head shaved all round) (see -vartana-): Intensive -v/avartti-, to turn (intrans.) continually |
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paryavasita | mfn. (pary-/ava--) living farther off (= not quite near) |
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paryupahve | A1. -h/avate-, to call near, invite |
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plu | cl.1 A1. (; confer, compare ) pl/avate- (rarely P. ti-; perfect tense pupluve- etc., 3. plural vuḥ- ; Aorist aploṣṭa- etc., 2. plural aploḍhvam- ; preceding ploṣīṣṭa-, ; future ploṣyati-, te- etc.; ind.p. -pl/ūya- ; -plutya- etc.) , to float, swim etc. ; to bathe ; to go or cross in a boat, sail, navigate ; to sway to and fro, hover, soar, fly ; to blow (as the wind) ; to pass away, vanish by degrees (varia lectio) ; to be lengthened or prolated (as a vowelSee pluta-) ; (older form pru- q.v) to hop, skip, leap, jump, spring from (ablative) or to or into or over or upon (accusative) etc.: Causal plāvayati- (rarely te-,or plāvayati-; Aorist apiplavat- , apupl- grammar), to cause to float or swim, bathe, wash, inundate, submerge etc. ; to overwhelm id est supply abundantly with (instrumental case) ; to wash away, remove (guilt, sin etc.) ; to purify ; to prolate (a vowel) ; to cause to jump or stagger : Desiderative of Causal piplāvayiṣati- or puplāvayiṣati- : Desiderative puplūṣate- grammar : Intensive poplūyate-, to swim about or rapidly [ confer, compare Greek , ; Old Latin per-plovere; Latin pluit,pluvius; Lithuanian plauti; Anglo-Saxon flovan; German,flawjan,flawe7n,vlouwenetc.] |
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prāṇadāvat | mfn. life -giving (-d/avat-prob. wrong reading) |
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pravan | A1. -vanute- (Ved. infinitive mood pr/avantave-), to vanquish, conquer, gain, procure |
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pū | cl.9 P. A1. () pun/āti-, punīt/e- (3. plural A1. pun/ate- , punat/e- ;2. sg. imperative P. punīhi- etc., punāh/i- ) ; cl.1. A1. () p/avate- (of P.only imperative -pava- ,and parasmE-pada genitive case plural pavatām- ; parasmE-pada A1. punān/a-below, p/avamāna-See;1. sg. A1. punīṣe- ; perfect tense pupuvuh-. ve- ; apupot- ; Aorist apāviṣuḥ- subjunctive apaviṣṭa- ; future paviṣyati-, pavitā- grammar; ind.p. pūtv/ā- ; pūtv/ī- ; pavitvā- grammar; -p/ūya-and -pāvam- etc.; infinitive mood pavitum- ), to make clean or clear or pure or bright, cleanse, purify, purge, clarify, illustrate, illume (with s/aktum-,"to cleanse from chaff, winnow";with kr/atum-or manīṣ/ām-,"to enlighten the understanding";with hiraṇyam-,"to wash gold") etc. ; (met.) to sift, discriminate, discern ; to think of or out, invent, compose (as a hymn) ; (A1. p/avate-) to purify one's self. be or become clear or bright ; (especially) to flow off clearly (said of the soma-) ; to expiate, atone for ; to pass so as to purify ; to purify in passing or pervading, ventilate etc. (confer, compare pav-): Passive voice pūy/ate-, to be cleaned or washed or purified ; to be freed or delivered from (ablative) etc.: Causal pav/ayati- or pāvayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpavat- grammar; Passive voice pāvyate- ), to cleanse, purify : Desiderative , pupūṣati-, pipaviṣate- grammar : Desiderative of Causal pipāvayiṣati- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Umbr.pir; German Feuer; English fire.]) |
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samāvac | in compound for sam/āvat- below. |
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samāvadvīrya | (sam/āvad--) mfn. equally strong |
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sammā | P. A1. -māti-, -mimīte-, to measure out, measure etc. ; to make of the same measure, make equal, equalize (in size, number, quantity etc.) ; to compare with (instrumental case) ; to mete out, distribute, bestow ; (with śr/avāṃsi-) to direct one's course or flight towards ; to be of the same capacity with, be contained in (locative case) : Passive voice -mīyate-, to be of the same measure, be contained in (locative case) |
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samprāv | (-pra-av-) P. -pr/avati-, to assist together, aid, help |
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snāvasaṃtata | (sn/āva--) mf(ā-)n. covered with sinews or tendons |
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śravaskāma | (śr/avas--) mfn. desirous of praise |
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sṛgavat | (sṛg/a--) mfn. having an arrow or spear (varia lectio sṛg/āvat-) |
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śru | cl.5 P. () śṛṇ/oti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also A1. śṛṇute-,and in sg. śṛṇv/e-,2. sg. viṣ/e-,3. plural vir/e-[ confer, compare below]; imperative śṛṇu-, ṇudh/ī-and ṇuh/ī- plural śṛṇut/ā-, ṇota-and ṇotana- ; perfect tense śuśr/āva-[once in with pass. sense], śuśruve-[2. sg. śuśrotha-,1. plural śuśruma-,in also mas-; śuśravat-, śuśrūy/ās- , parasmE-pada śuśruv/as- q.v ]; Aorist Ved. /aśravam-, /aśrot-,2. sg. śr/oṣi-; subjunctive śr/avat-, vathaḥ-;[?] śruvam- ; imperative śrudh/ī-, śr/otu- ; aśrauṣīt- etc.; subjunctive śroṣan- imperative śroṣantu- [ confer, compare śr/oṣamāṇa-]; preceding śrūy/āsam- etc.; future śrotā- ; śroṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood śrotum- etc.; ind.p. śrutv/ā- etc.; -śr/utya- etc.; śrāvam- etc.) , to hear, listen or attend to anything (accusative), give ear to any one (accusative or genitive case), hear or learn anything about (accusative) or from (ablative genitive case instrumental case, mukhāt-or śakāśāt-), or that anything is (two accusative) etc. ; to hear (from a teacher), study, learn etc. ; to be attentive, be obedient, obey etc.: Passive voice śrūy/ate- (Epic also ti-;and in śṛṇve-etc.[ confer, compare above] with pass. meaning; Aorist aśrāvi-, śrāvi-), to be heard or perceived or learnt about (accusative) or from (genitive case ablative or mukhāt-;in later language often 3. sg. śrūyate- impersonal or used impersonally"it is heard","one hears or learns or reads in a book", ="it is said","it is written in (with locative case)"; imperative śrūyatām-,"let it be heard"="listen!") etc. ; to be celebrated or renowned, be known as, pass for, be called (Nominal verb) ; to be heard or learnt (from a teacher) ; to be taught or stated (in a book) ; to be heard id est pronounced or employed (as a sound or word) : Causal śrāv/ayati- (Epic also te-,in also śrav/ayati-; Aorist aśuśravi-, vuḥ- ; aśuśruvat- ; aśiśravat- grammar; Passive voice śrāvyate-See below) , to cause to be heard or learnt, announce, proclaim, declare etc. ; to cause to hear, inform, instruct, communicate, relate, tell (with accusative of thing, and accusative genitive case,or dative case of Persian,or with instrumental case in sense of "through") etc.: Passive voice of Causal śrāvyate-, to be informed of (accusative) etc.: Desiderative ś/uśrūṣate- (; Epic or mc. also ti-; Passive voice śuśrūṣyate-), to wish or like to hear (accusative), desire to attend or listen to (dative case) etc. ; to attend upon, serve, obey (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc.: Causal of Desiderative śuśrūṣayati-, to wait upon, be at the service of (accusative) on : Desiderative of Causal śiśrāvayiṣati- or śuśrāvayiṣati- grammar : Intensive śośrūyate-, śośravīti-, śośroti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , equals śrudh/i-, equals śrut/a-etc.; Latin cluo,in-clutus; Slavonic or Slavonian sluti; German laut; English loud.]) |
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sru | (incorrectly written śru-; confer, compare 2. śru-) cl.1 P. () sr/avati- (Epic and mc. also te-; perfect tense susrāva-, susruvuḥ- etc.; susruve- etc.; Aorist /asusrot- ; asrāvīt- ; asrauṣīt-[?] ; future srotā- grammar; sroṣyati- ; sraviṣyati- ; infinitive mood srotum- grammar; sr/avitave-, sr/avitav/ai- ), to flow, stream, gush forth, issue from (ablative,rarely instrumental case) etc. ; to flow with, shed, emit, drop, distil (accusative) etc. ; to leak, trickle ; to fail, not turn out well ; to waste away, perish, disappear etc. ; to slip or issue out before the right time (said of a fetus) ; (with garbham-) to bring forth prematurely, miscarry ; to issue, arise or come from (ablative) ; to come in, accrue (as interest) : Causal srāvayati- (in later language also sravayati-; Aorist asusravat-,or asisravat-), to cause to flow, shed, spill ; to set in motion, stir up, arouse : Desiderative of Causal susrāvayiṣati- or sisrāvayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative susrūṣati- : Intensive sosrūyate-, sosroti- [ confer, compare Greek (for) , etc.; Lithuanian srave4ti; German stroum,Strom; Anglo-Saxon strea4m; English stream.] |
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sthāvan | See sa-sth/āvan-. |
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stu | cl.2 P. A1. (; see ) st/auti- or stavīti-, stute- or stuvīte- (in also st/avate-,3. sg. stave-[with pass. sense], 1. 3. sg. stuṣ/e- imperative stoṣi-, parasmE-pada [mostly with pass. sense] stuvān/a-, st/avāna-or stavān/a-, st/avamāna-;in stunvanti-,in parasmE-pada stunvāna-; perfect tense tuṣṭāva-, tuṣṭuv/us-, tuṣṭuv/e- etc.; Aorist astāvīt-or astauṣīt- etc.; stoṣat-, stoṣāṇi- ; /astoṣṭa- etc.; preceding stūyāt- grammar; future stavitā-or stotā- ; future staviṣy/ati-, te- ; stoṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional astoṣyat- ; infinitive mood stotum- etc.; stavitum- ; st/otave-, stav/adhyai- ; ind.p. stutv/ā- etc.; -st/utya- etc.; -stūya- etc.), to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, celebrate in song or hymns (in ritual,"to chant" , with locative case of the text from which the sāman- comes) etc. etc.: Passive voice stūy/ate- (Aorist astāvi-), to be praised or celebrated ; stāyamāna- mfn. being praised : Causal stāvayati- (Aorist atuṣṭavat- ; ṭuvat- ), to praise, celebrate ; (stāvayate-), to cause to praise or celebrate : Desiderative tuṣṭūṣati-, te- (past participle tuṣṭūṣita-), to wish to celebrate : Intensive toṣṭūyate-, toṣṭoti- grammar |
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sugavya | mfn. equals -g/ava- |
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sugu | mfn. equals -g/ava- |
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tan | cl.8 P. A1. n/oti-, nut/e- (3. plural nv/ate-[ /ā--and vi-tanvat/e- ] ; imperative nu-[ /ava-and v/i-tanuhi- ; see Va1rtt. 1 ] ; nuṣva- ; subjunctive 2. sg. nuthās-, ;1. dual number navāvahai-, ; imperfect tense 3. plural /atanvata-, ; perfect tense P. tat/āna-,once tāt- ;2. sg. tat/antha-[ ],class. tenitha-[ ]; A1.1. 2. 3. sg. [ /ā--] tatane-, [abh/i-]tatniṣe-, [v/i-]tatne- ;3. sg. irregular tate-, ;3. plural tatnir/e-[ v/i-- ] or ten-[ (vi--)etc.; see ]; Aorist P. /atan- ; [/ā-]atān-, ; ;[ p/ari--, v/i--] atanat- ; [anv-/ā]atāṃsīt- ; atānīt- ; tat/anat-, [abh/i-]t/anāma-, t/anan- ;2. plural ataniṣṭa- ;3. dual number atāniṣṭām- ; A1. atata-or ataniṣṭa-, atathās-or ataniṣṭhās- ;3. plural /atnata- ; tat/ananta-, ;1. sg. atasi- plural ataṃsmahi- ; future 2nd taṃsy/ate- ; future 1st [vi-]tāyitā- ; parasmE-pada proper tanv/at-, vān/a-; perfect tense tatanv/as-; ind.p. tatvā-, tv/āya-, -t/atya- ;[ vi--] tāya- ; infinitive mood tantum- ; Passive voice tāy/ate- [ parasmE-pada y/amāna-] etc.; tanyate- ; Aorist atāyi- ) to extend, spread, be diffused (as light) over, shine, extend towards, reach to etc. ; to be protracted, continue, endure ; to stretch (a cord), extend or bend (a bow), spread, spin out, weave etc. ; to emboss ; to prepare (a way for) ; to direct (one's way, gatim-) towards ; to propagate (one's self or one's family, tanūs-, tantum-) ; to (spread id est to) speak (words) ; to protract ; to put forth, show, manifest, display, augment etc. (Passive voice to be put forth or extended, increase ) ; to accomplish, perform (a ceremony) etc. ; to sacrifice ; to compose (a literary work) ; to render (any one thirsty, double accusative) : Desiderative titaniṣati-, taṃsati-, tāṃs- : Intensive tantanyate-, tantanīti-, ; ([ see , etc.]) |
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tāvaka | mf(ī-)n. (fr. t/ava-[gen. of 1. tv/a-] ) thy, thine |
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tavaśravīya | n. Name of a sāman- (made of ,beginning with /agne t/ava śr/avo-) |
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tāvat | mf(atī-)n. (fr. 2. ta- ) so great, so large, so much, so far, so long, so many (correlative of y/āvat-;rarely of ya-or yathokta- etc.) etc. (yāvatā kṣaṇena tāvatā-,"after so long time, in that time", as soon as ) |
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tāvat | ind. (correlative of y/āvat-) so much, so greatly, to such an extent, in such a number, so far etc. (t/āvat-tāvat- ) |
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tāvatkṛtvas | ind. ( ) so many times (t/āvat-k/ṛt-) |
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tote | ([ ]) and t/oto- ([ ]) for t/ava tava- ([ ]) . |
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tristāvā | f. (a vedi-) 3 times as great (fr. t/āvat-) |
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tṛp | cl.4. t/ṛpyati- ([ etc.;metrically also te-]) cl.5. [Subj. 2. sg. tṛpṇ/avas- imperative ṇuhi-, ṇut/am- (See also /a-tṛpṇuvat-); noti- and gaRa kṣubhnādi-] cl.6. [2. sg. tṛmp/asi- imperative p/a-, patu-,etc. ; see Va1rtt. 1 ; tṛpati- ; perfect tense parasmE-pada A1. tātṛpāṇ/a- ; P. tatarpa-;3. plural tātṛpur- ; Aorist atṛpat- or atrāpsīt- vArttika; atarpīt-, atārpsīt- ; future 1st tarpiṣyati-(but see ), tarpsy-, trapsy-; Conditional atrapsyat- ; future 2nd tarpitā-, ptā-, traptā- on ] to satisfy one's self, become satiated or satisfied, be pleased with (genitive case instrumental case,or rarely locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' nāgnis tṛpyati kāṣṭhānām-,"fire is not satisfied with wood"; /atṛpyan brāhmaṇ/ā dh/anaiḥ-,"the brahman-s were pleased with wealth") etc. ; to enjoy (with ablative) ; to satisfy, please : cl.1. tarpati-, to kindle : Causal tarpayati-, rarely te- (imperfect tense atarpayat- etc.; parasmE-pada tarp/ayat- ; Aorist atītṛpat- ; /atītṛpāma- ; infinitive mood t/arpayitav/ai- ) to satiate, satisfy, refresh, gladden etc. ; A1. to become satiated or satisfied ; to kindle : Desiderative (subjunctive t/itṛpsāt-) to wish to enjoy : Causal Desiderative (Potential titarpayiṣet-) to wish to satiate or refresh or satisfy : Intensive tarītṛpyate-, tarītarpti-, trapti- ; ([ see tṛph-;.]) |
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tva | base of the 2nd personal pronoun : Nominal verb tv/am- accusative tv/ām- instrumental case tv/ayā- ([ and tv/ā- , also in compound See tv/ā-datta-, -dāta-, -vṛdha-etc.]) dative case t/ubhyam- ([& bhya- ]) ablative tv/at- or tv/ad- ([ and tvat-tas- etc.]) genitive case t/ava- locative case tv/e- ([ ; see gaRa cādi-]), tv/ayi- ([ etc.]) |
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udavaso | P. -/ava-syati-, to leave off, go away ; to finish, end ; to go away to (another place, with locative case) |
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upadhāv | A1. (parasmE-pada -dh/āvamāna-) to run ; to soar : P. -dhāvati-, to run near, approach hastily ; to have recourse to for assistance |
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upapravad | P. (imperative 2. sg. -pr/avada-) to join in |
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vac | cl.2 P. () vakti- (occurs only in sg. vacmi-, vakṣi-, vakti-,and imperative vaktu-; Vedic or Veda also cl.3 P. v/ivakti-; perfect tense uv/āca-, ūj- etc.; uv/aktha- ; vavāca-, vavakṣ/e- ; Aorist avocat-, cata- etc.;in veda- also subjunctive vocati-, te-, vecāti-; Potential voc/et-, ceta-; imperative vocatu-; preceding ucyāsam- ; future vakt/ā- etc.; vakṣy/ati- etc.; te- ; Conditional avakṣyat- ; infinitive mood vāktum- etc.; tave- ; tos- ; ind.p. uktv/ā- etc.; -/ucya- ), to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describe (with accusative with or without prati- dative case or genitive case of Persian,and accusative of thing;often with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tam idaṃ vākyam uvāca-,"he spoke this speech to him";with double accusative also"to name, call"A1.with nom;"one's self";with punar-,"to speak again, repeat";or "to answer, reply") etc. ; to reproach, revile (accusative) : Passive voice ucy/ate- (Aorist avāci-,or in later language avoci-), to be spoken or said or told or uttered etc. etc. (yad ucyate-,"what the saying is") ; to resound ; to be called or accounted, be regarded as, pass for (Nominal verb also locative case) etc.: Causal vācayati-, te- (Potential vācayīta- ; Aorist avīvacat-; Passive voice vācyate-), to cause to say or speak or recite or pronounce (with, double accusative;often the object is to be supplied) etc. ; to cause anything written or printed to speak id est to read out loud etc. ; () to say, tell, declare ; to promise : Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- (Passive voice vivakṣyate-), to desire to say or speak or recite or proclaim or declare etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant : Intensive (only /avāvacīt-) to call or cry aloud [ confer, compare Greek for in, etc.; Latin vocare,vox; German gi-waht,gi-wahinnen,er-wähnen.] |
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vad | cl.1 P. A1. () v/adati-, te- (Epic mc. also vādati-; Potential udeyam- ; perfect tense uvāda- plural ūdim/a- ; ūde-etc. ; veditha-, dailuḥ-, duḥ- ; Aorist avādīt-, diṣuḥ- etc.; subjunctive vādiṣaḥ- ; avādiran- ; vadiṣma-, ṣihāḥ- ; preceding udyāt- ; future vadiṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/aditos- ; vaditum- etc.; ind.p. uditvā- ; -udya- ), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P.or A1.;with accusative of the thing said, and accusative [with or without abhi-]or genitive case,or locative case of the person addressed;also followed by yad-,"that", or by yadi-,"whether") etc. ; (P.) to praise, recommend ; to adjudge, adjudicate ; to indicate, designate ; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak etc. ; to allege, affirm ; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two accusative or accusative and Nominal verb with iti-) etc. ; (with or scilicet vācam-) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and 9.) etc. ; (A1.) to say, tell, speak to (accusative) etc. ; to mention, state, communicate, name ; to confer or dispute about ; to contend, quarrel ; to lay claim to (locative case) ; to be an authority, be eminent in (locative case) ; to triumph, exult : Passive voice udy/ate- (Aorist avādi-), to be said or spoken etc. : Causal vād/ayati- m.c. also te- (see ; Aorist avīvadat-; Passive voice vādyate-, Epic also ti-), to cause to speak or say ; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instrumental case,rarely locative case of the instrument) etc. ; to play music ; (with bahu-) to make much ado about one's self. ; to cause a musical instrument (accusative) to be played by (instrumental case) Va1rtt. 2 ; to speak, recite, rehearse : Desiderative vivadiṣati-, te-, to desire to speak, : Intensive v/āvadīti- ( ), vāvady/ate-, (), vāvatti- (grammar), to speak or sound aloud. [ confer, compare Lit.vadi4nti.] |
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vah | cl.1 P. A1. () v/ahati-, te- (in later language A1.only mc.;Vedic forms which may partly belong to the Aorist are v/akṣi-, voḍham-, ḍh/ām-or voḷham-, ḷh/ām-, uhīta-, v/akṣva-, voḍhvam-, ūḍhvam-, /uhāna-; perfect tense uvāha-, ūh/uḥ-; ūh/e- etc.; vavāha-, hatuḥ- ; Aorist Ved. /avākṣīt-or /avāṭ- subjunctive v/akṣat-, ati-, preceding uhyāt-; avakṣi-, avoḍha- grammar; future voḍh/ā- ; vakṣy/ati-, te- etc.; vahiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood voḍhum- etc. etc. [Ved. also ḍhave-and ḍhavai-]; vāhe- ; v/ahadhyai- ; ind.p. ūḍhvā- ; -/uhya- etc.; confer, compare 1. ūh-), to carry, transport, convey (with instrumental case of vehicle) etc. ; to lead, conduct (especially offerings to the gods, said of agni-) ; to bear along (water, said of rivers) ; to draw (a car), guide (horses etc.) ; to lead towards, to bring, procure, bestow ; to cause, effect ; to offer (a sacrifice) ; to spread, diffuse (scent) ; to shed (tears) ; to carry away, carry off, rob etc. ; to lead home, take to wife, marry etc. ; to bear or carry on or with (Inc. or instrumental case) etc. ; to take or carry with or about one's self, have, possess ; to wear (clothes) ; (with śiras-) to bear one's head (uccaiś-tarām-,"high") ; (with vasuṃdharām-or kṣmā-maṇḍālam-) to support id est rule the earth ; (with garbham-) to be with child ; to bear, suffer, endure ; to forbear, forgive, pardon ; to undergo (with agnim-, viṣam-, tulām-,"the ordeal of fire, poison, and the balance") ; to experience, feel etc. ; to exhibit, show, betray ; to pay (a fine) ; to pass, spend (time) ; (intrans.) to drive, ride, go by or in (with instrumental case of the vehicle) , be borne or carried along, run, swim etc. etc. ; to draw (scilicet a carriage, said of a horse) ; to blow (as wind) ; to pass away, elapse : Passive voice uhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avāhi-), to be carried (uhyamāna-,"being carried") etc. ; to be drawn or borne by (instrumental case) or along or off etc. etc.: Causal vāhayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist avīvahat-; Passive voice vāhyate-), to cause to bear or carry or convey or draw (with two accusative Va1rtt. 6 ), drive (a chariot), guide or ride (a horse), propel (a boat), go or travel by any vehicle etc. ; to cause to guide (two accusative) ; to cause any one (accusative) to carry anything (accusative) on (locative case) ; to cause to take in marriage ; to cause to be conveyed by (instrumental case) ; to traverse (a road) ; to accomplish (a journey) ; to employ, keep going or in work ; to give, administer (See vāhita-) ; to take in, deceive (See idem or '1. 2. vasra-. See p.932, and column 1.'): Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive vanīvāhy/ate-, to carry hither and thither (confer, compare vanīv/āhana-and vanīvāhit/a-) ; vāvahīti-, to bear (a burden) ; vāvahyate-, vāvoḍhi- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for , ; Latin vehere,vehiculum; Slavonic or Slavonian vesti; Lithuanian ve4z3ti; Gothic gawigan; German wëgan,bewegen; English weigh.]) |
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vājaśravas | m. (-śr/avas-) Name of a teacher |
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vāś | cl.4 A1. () vāśyate- (Epic also vāśyati-,Ved. and Epic also v/āśati-, te-; perfect tense vavāśe-, śire-;in also vāvaśre-and p. vāvaśān/a-; Aorist avāśiṣṭa- ; future vāśitā-, vāśiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood vāśitum- ; ind.p. vāśitvā-, -vāśya- ), to roar, howl, bellow, bleat, low (as a cow), cry, shriek, sing (like a bird), sound, resound etc. etc.: Causal vāśayati- (Aorist avavāśat-,in also avīvaśat-, /avīvaśanta-), to cause to roar or low or resound or thunder ; (A1.) to roar or sound aloud : Desiderative vivāśiṣate- grammar : Intensive vāvāśyate- (varia lectio rārāśyate- ), vāvaṣṭi- (imperfect tense Aorist /avāvaśanta-, vāvaśanta-, avāvaśītām-; parasmE-pada v/āvaśat-), to roar or scream or sound aloud ([ vāś-is sometimes wrongly written vās-.]) |
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vasavāna | m. (fr. 1. vasu-) a possessor or preserver of wealth (also with v/avas-) |
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vivad | P. A1. (see ) -vadati-, te-, (P.) to contradict, oppose (accusative) ; (P. A1.) to be at variance, contest, litigate, dispute with (instrumental case,rarely accusative) or about (locative case,rarely accusative) etc. etc. (Ved. infinitive mood -vade-with yā-,"to be about to quarrel"; pr. p. A1. -vadamāna-,"disputing","disputed","questionable") ; (P.) to talk, converse ; (A1.) to raise the voice, sing (said of birds) : Causal -vādayati-, to dispute or litigate, commence an action or lawsuit : Intensive (only parasmE-pada v/āvadat-), to roar aloud |
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vivadh | (only Aorist vy-/avadhīt- subjunctive vi-vadhiṣaḥ-), to destroy utterly |
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vṛ | cl.5.9.1. P. A1. () vṛṇ/oti-, vṛṇut/e- ; vṛnāti-, vriṇīte- ; v/arati-, v/arate- (mostly cl.5. and with the preposition apa-or vi-;of cl.9. only avṛṇīdhvam- ; cl.1. only in [ confer, compare also ūrṇu-]; perfect tense vav/āra-, vavr/e- etc. etc. [2. sg. vav/artha- ; vavaritha-, vavṛma-etc. grammar; parasmE-pada vavriv/as- genitive case vavavr/uṣas- ]; Aorist /avar-or /āvar-, avṛta- [1. sg. vam-,2. dual number vartam-,3. plural avran-, parasmE-pada A1. vrāṇ/a- q.v imperative vṛdhi- ]; avārīt- ; avarīṣṭa- grammar; subjunctive varṣathas- ; Potential vriyāt-, vūryāt-, variṣīṣṭa- grammar; future varītā-, varīṣyati- ; infinitive mood vartum- , varitum- , varītum- ; ind.p. vṛtv/ā- ; vṛlv/ī- ; vṛtv/āya- ; -v/ṛtya- ), to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, surround, obstruct etc. ; to close (a door) ; to ward off, check, keep back, prevent, hinder, restrain : Passive voice vriyate- (Aorist /avāri-), to be covered or surrounded or obstructed or hindered : Causal vār/ayati-, te- (Aorist avīvarat-, /avīvarata- ; /avāvarīt- ; Passive voice vāryate- etc.) , to cover, conceal, hide, keep back, hold captive etc. ; to stop, check, restrain, suppress, hinder, prevent from (ablative or infinitive mood;rarely two accusative) etc. ; to exclude ; to prohibit, forbid ; to withhold etc.: Desiderative of Causal vivārayiṣate- : Desiderative vivarīṣati-, vuvūrṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive vevrīyate-, vovūryate-, varvarti- [ confer, compare Gothic warjan; German wehren,Wehr; English weir.] |
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vṛṣ | cl.1 P. () v/arṣati- (Epic also A1. varṣate-and Vedic or Veda vṛṣate-; perfect tense vavarṣa-, vavṛṣe- etc.;3. plural P. Epic vavṛṣus-,or vavarṣus-; parasmE-pada P. vavarṣv/as- ; A1. vāvṛṣāṇ/a- ; imperative vāvṛṣasva- ; Aorist /avarṣīt- etc.; future vraṣṭ/ā- ; varṣitā- grammar; varṣiṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood varṣitum- etc.; varṣṭos- ; ind.p. vṛṣṭvā- ; ṭv/ī- ; varṣitvā- grammar), to rain (either impersonal or used impersonally,or with parjanya-, indra-, the clouds etc., in Nominal verb) etc. ; to rain down, shower down, pour forth, effuse, shed (A1.="to bestow or distribute abundantly";also with instrumental case ="to rain upon, or overwhelm with" exempli gratia, 'for example' with arrows; v/arṣati-,"while it rains, during rain") ; to strike, hurt, vex, harass : Causal varṣ/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛṣat-or avavarṣat-), to cause to rain (parjanya- etc.) or to fall down as rain (flowers etc.) ; (without accusative) to cause or produce rain ; to rain upon (= overwhelm) with (a shower of arrows instrumental case) ; A1. to have manly power, have generative vigour : Desiderative vivarṣiṣati- grammar (see vivarṣiṣu-): Intensive varīvṛṣyate-, varīvarṣṭi- etc. [For cognates-See under varṣā-and 1. vṛṣa-.] |
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vṛt | cl.1 A1. () v/artate- (rarely ti-;in veda- also vavartti-and [once in ] vartti-; subjunctive vav/artat-, vavartati-, vavṛtat-; Potential vavṛtyāt-, vavṛtīya-; imperative vavṛtsva-; imperfect tense /avavṛtran-, tranta-; perfect tense vav/arta-, vavṛt/us-, vavṛt/e- [here also vāvṛt/e-]etc.; Aorist avart-, avṛtran- subjunctive v/artat-, vartta- ; avṛtat- etc.; avartiṣṭa- grammar;3. plural avṛtsata- ;2. sg. vartithās- ; preceding vartiṣīṣṭa- grammar; future vartitā- grammar; vartsy/ati-, te- etc.; vartiṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional avartsyat- ; avartiṣyata- grammar; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ; -v/ṛtas- ; vartitum- etc.; ind.p. vartitvā-and vṛttvā- grammar; -v/ṛtya- etc.; -v/artam- etc.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears) etc. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instrumental case"in a particular way or manner"), take place, occur, be performed, come off etc. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na-,"to be not in one's right mind";with manasi-or hṛdaye-,"to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind";with mūrdhni-,"to be at the head of","to be of most importance"; kathaṃ vartate-with Nominal verb or kiṃ vartate-with genitive case,"how is it with?") ; to live on, subsist by (instrumental case or ind.p.), etc. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām-,"it is long since we went") ; to depend on (locative case) ; to be in a particular condition, be engaged in or occupied with (locative case), etc. ; to be intent on, attend to (dative case) ; to stand or be used in the sense of (locative case) ; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (locative case dative case,or accusative;also with itaretaram-or parasparam-,"mutually") etc. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim-), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instrumental case or accusative) towards (locative case with parājñayā-,"to act under another's command";with prajā-rūpeṇa-,"to assume the form of a son";with priy/am-,"to act kindly";with svāni-,"to mind one's own business"; kim idam vartase-,"what are you doing there?") etc. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dative case) ; to be or exist or live at a particular time, be alive or present (confer, compare vartamāna-, vartiṣyamāṇa-,and vartsyat-,p.925) etc. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante-,"they continue to excel"; iti vartate me buddhiḥ-,"such continues my opinion") etc. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes ; to originate, arise from (ablative) or in (locative case) ; to become ; to associate with (saha-) ; to have illicit intercourse with (locative case) : Causal vart/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛtat-or avavartat-;in also A1. avavarti-; infinitive mood vartay/adhyai- ; Passive voice vartyate- ), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl etc. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill etc.) ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears) etc. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instrumental case), enter upon a course of conduct etc. (also with vṛttim-or vṛttyā-or vṛttena-;with bhaikṣeṇa-,"to live by begging"), conduct one's self, behave etc. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare ; to begin to instruct (dative case) ; to understand, know, learn ; to treat ; (in law, with śiras-or śīrṣam-) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal ; "to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-) : Desiderative v/ivṛtsati-, te- ( ), vivartiṣate- () , to wish to turn etc.: Intensive (Vedic or Veda , rarely in later language) v/arvartti-, varīvartti-, varīvarty/ate-, varīvartate-, parasmE-pada v/arvṛtat- and v/arvṛtāna- imperfect tense 3. sg. avarīvar-, 3. plural avarīvur- (grammar also varivartti-, varīvṛtīti-, varvṛtīti-, varīvṛtyate-), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail [ confer, compare Latin vertere; Slavonic or Slavonian vru8te8ti,vratiti; Lithuanian varty4ti; Gothic wai4rthan; German werden; English -ward.] |
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yāt | mfn. (Nominal verb yān-, yātī-,or yāntī-, yāt-;for 2. yāt-See) going, moving etc. (in ,"travelling", as opp. to /ava-sita-,"resting") . |
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yāvadvīryavat | (y/āvad--) mfn. as far as possessed of power, as effective |
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yavamadhya | mf(ā-)n. (y/ava--) being like a barleycorn in the middle id est broad in the centre and thin or tapering at the, ends etc. |
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yavamat | mfn. (y/ava--) containing barley, mixed with barley etc. |
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yāvan | in ṛṇa-y/āvan- q.v |
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yavana | mfn. (1. yu-) keeping away, averting (See dveṣo-y/avana-). |
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yavasaprathama | (y/avasa--) mfn. beginning with or depending on good pasturage, well-nurtured (according to to ,"first or best of all kinds of food") |
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yāvat | mf(atī-)n. (fr. 3. ya-;correlative of tāvat- q.v) as great, as large, as much, as many, as often, as frequent, as far, as long, as old etc. (or how great etc. = quantus, quot or qualis) etc. (y/āvantaḥ k/iyantaḥ-,"as many as"; y/āvad vā yāvad vā-,"as much as possible"; yāvat tāvat-,"so much as", in algebra applied to the first unknown quantity [= x] or so much of the unknown as its co-efficient number;in this sense also expressed by the first syllable yā- see ; iti yāvat-in Comms. "just so much","only so","that is to say","such is the explanation") |
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yāvat | ind. y/āvad yāvad-t/āvat tāvat-,"as gradually as-so" |
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yāvatkratu | (y/āvat--) mfn. having as many purposes |
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yāvatkṛtvas | (y/āvat--) ind. as often as |
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yāvatpriya | (y/āvat--) mfn. as dear |
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yāvattarasam | ind. according to power or ability (y/āvat-tar/asam-). |