Sanskrit Dictionary

अभिगोपाय

Nom. P. y/ati-, to guard, protect,

अभिगॄ

-gṛṇ/āti-, to call to or address with approbation ; to join in (accusative) ; to welcome, praise ; to approve of, accept propitiously, allow.

अभिख्या

(subjunctive 1. 2. 3. sg. -khyam-, -khyas-and -khy/as-, -khy/at-; imperfect tense 3. sg. abhy- /akhyat-; ind.p. -khy/āya-) to see, view, perceive

; to cast a kind or gracious look upon any one, to be gracious

; (imperfect tense 3. plural abh/i /akhyan-)

: Causal -khyāpayati-, to make known

अभिक्षिप्

(only P.

; pr. p. -kṣip/at-) to fling at (as the lash of a whip at a horse)

; to excel

अभिपा

-p/āti-, to guard

; to behold with attention

: Causal P. -pālayati-, to protect, assist

अभिसंगम्

(ind.p. -g/atya-

, or -gamya-

) to approach together

(Aorist A1.3. plural -agmata-), etc. ; to join in welcoming

; to meet with

अभिषिच्

( sic-) P., rarely A1. (exempli gratia, 'for example'

) to sprinkle, water, wet

(pr. p. -siñc/at-), etc. ; to consecrate, anoint, appoint by consecration

etc.: A1. (Imper. 2. sg. -ṣiñcasva-,sometimes varia lectio Passive voice -ṣicyasva-) to consecrate one's self or have one's self consecrated

: A1. or Passive voice to bathe

: Causal P. to water, wet : P. (rarely ā-.) to consecrate, anoint : A1. (with or without[

] ātmānam-) to have one's self consecrated: Desiderative -ṣiṣikṣati- and Intensive -sesicyate-

and commentator or commentary

अभिश्नथ्

to pierce through, (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood [ ablative ] -śn/athaḥ-[with abibhet-,he was afraid] of being pierced through)

; (

, combining abhi-śn/athaḥ-with v/ajrāt-,takes abhiśn/ath-as an adjective (cf. mfn.)"piercing through, killing") .

अभिश्री

(3. plural -śrīṇanti-, parasmE-pada -śrīṇ/at-;plusq. 3. plural -aśiśrayuḥ-) to mix, mingle

; -śrīṇāti-,"to prepare or dress", produce, cause

; (by

placed under abhi-śri-.)

अभिश्वस्

(p. -śvas/at-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood (ablative) -śv/asas-) to blow towards or hither

; (p. -śvasat-) to whistle

; to groan

अभ्रातृ

mfn. brotherless

(Nominal verb sg. f. t/ā-)

(Nominal verb plural f. t/aras-)

(Nominal verb plural f. abhr/ātaras-)

(accusative sg. f. trīm-).

अभ्यघाय

Nom. P. -aghāy/ati-, to intend to injure

अभ्यस्

-/asti- (1. plural abh/iṣmas-,but 3. plural abh/i s/anti-and pr. p. abh/i s/at-[according to

abhismas-,but abhiṣanti-and abhiṣat-]; subjunctive -asat-,1. plural -/asāma-,3. plural -/asan-; Potential sg. -ṣyām-, -ṣyās-, -ṣyāt-,1. and 3. plural -ṣyāma-, -ṣyuḥ-or -ṣy/uḥ-; perf. 1. sg. -āsa-) to be over, reign over, excel, surpass, overpower

; to fall to one's share

अभ्यतिरिच्

Passive voice -/ati-ric-yate-, or -ati-ricy/ate- (subjunctive abhy-/ati-r/icyātai-; Potential -/ati-ricyeta-) Ved. to remain for the sake of (accusative)

अभ्यतिसृज्

(1. plural -/ati-sṛjāmas-) to let pass

अभ्यायम्

P. (3. plural -yacchanti-) to lengthen (as a syllable in speaking)

; to draw or pull (as the udder in sucking)

: A1. (Imper. 2. sg. -yacchasva-) to assume ("to grant"commentator or commentary)

: P. (subjunctive 3. plural -yaman-; ind.p. -y/atya-) to aim at

; for abhy-ā-gam-,

अभ्युद्

(parasmE-pada -und/at-;Imper. 2. plural -un/atta-[for untt/a-See Whitney's grammar section 690]) to wet, flow over

अभ्युक्ष्

P. -ukṣ/ati-, (ind.p. -ukṣya-) to sprinkle over, besprinkle

and Calcutta edition : A1. (perf. -vavakṣe-) to cover with sparks

अच्छावञ्च्

Passive voice -vacy/ate-, to extend itself towards, to go towards

अद्

cl.2 P. /atti-, āda-, atsyati-, attum-, to eat, consume, devour, Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /attave-

: Causal ād/ayati- and te- (once adayate-[

]) to feed ([ confer, compare Lithuanian edmi; Slavonic or Slavonian jamjforjadmj; Greek ; Latin edo; Gothic rootAT present tense ita; German essen; English toeat, Armorican or the language of Brittany utem]).

अदत्

([

]) or adatka- ([

]) mfn. toothless. (For 1. ad/at-See above.)

अध

or /adhā- ind., Ved. (equals /atha-, used chiefly as an inceptive particle), now, then, therefore, moreover, so much the more, and, partly. /adha- /adha-as well as, partly partly.

अधरात्तात्

(adhar/āt--) ind. below, beneath

अध्वरीय

Nom. P. (2. sg. rīy/asi-; parasmE-pada riy/at-) to perform an adhvara-

अध्वर्य

Nom. P. (parasmE-pada ry/at-) to be engaged in an adhvara-

आदिश्

P. -did/eṣṭi- ([ subjunctive 3. sg. -dideśati-

]), -diś/ati- ([3. plural -diśanti- imperative 2. sg. -diśa- imperfect tense 1. sg. ādiśam-,etc.]) , rarely -diśate- ([

]) infinitive mood -d/iśe- ([

]) and -deṣṭum- (Aorist 3. sg. ādikṣat-[

See

] future 1. plural -dekṣyāmaḥ-, perf. -dideśa-) to aim at, have in view ; to threaten

; to hit

; to assign

etc. ; to point out, indicate ; to report, announce, teach

etc. ; to determine, specify, denominate

etc. ; to declare, foretell,

etc. ; to order, direct, command

etc. ; to refer any one to (locative case) ; to banish

etc. ; to undertake, try

; to profess as one's aim or duty

: Causal -deśayati-, to show, indicate, announce,

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -d/ediśāna-) to have in view, aim at (accusative)

आदो

P. -d/āti-, -dy/ati- (subjunctive 1. plural /ā-dyāmasi-,etc.) to reduce to small pieces, to crush

अघाय

Nom. P. aghāy/ati- (participle y/at-), to intend to injure, to threaten

अग्निमत्

mfn. being near the fire

(

has v/at-)

आग्निपात्नीवती

f. (scilicet ṛc-) the verse containing the words /agne p/atnīr- (id est

अग्निवत्

mfn. being near the fire

(= -m/at- q.v)

अहःपति

m. equals aharp/ati- q.v

commentator or commentary

आज्ञा

-jānāti- (imperative 2. plural -jānīta-; perf. -jajñau-;p. jān/at-) to mind, perceive, notice, understand

; (see /an-ājānat-): Caus. -jñāpayati-, te- (Inf. -jñaptum-

) to order, command, direct

etc. ; to assure

आखिद्

P. -khid/ati- (1. sg. -khidāmi-; imperative 2. sg. -khidā-) to take away, draw to one's self

आख्या

P. (imperfect tense -akhyat-) to behold

; (future parasmE-pada -khyāsy/at-; perf. 3. plural -cakhyuḥ-) to tell, communicate, inform, declare, announce

etc. ; to call (with two accusative)

: Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be named or enumerated

; to be called

: Causal P. (2. sg. -khyāpayasi-) to make known, declare

: A1. (Potential -khyāpayeta-) to cause to tell

आक्षि

cl.2. -kṣeti- (3. plural -kṣiy/anti-and imperfect tense /ākṣiyan-; Potential 1. plural -kṣiyema-) to abide, dwell in (accusative), inhabit

; -kṣeti-, to possess, take possession of (accusative)

: cl.6. -kṣiy/ati-, to exist

अलंकृत

(/ataṃ--) mfn. adorned, decorated

, (see /araṃ-kṛta- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /aram-,)

अमस

m. time

(see 1. amata-and 3. am/ati-.)

अमित्रय

Nom. P. (parasmE-pada y/at-) to have hostile intentions

अमित्राय

Nom. P. parasmE-pada y/at- equals amitray/at- above

(see

) : A1. yate-, to have hostile intentions

अङ्ख्

cl.10 P. (parasmE-pada aṅkhay/at-), to stir up, mix

अनुप्रज्ञा

(pr. p. -jān/at-) to track, trace, discover

अनुतक्ष्

(imperfect tense 2. plural -/atakṣata-) to create or procure for the help of (dative case)

अनुतप्

to heat

; to vex, annoy

: Passive voice -tapy/ate- (rarely -tapyati-[

]) , to suffer afterwards, repent ; to desiderate, miss: Causal -tāpayati-, to distress.

अनुवप्

P. to scatter over

; A1. to scatter as dust

: Passive voice /anu upy/ate-, to be scattered as dust

अनुयम्

(3. plural -yacchanti-;Imper. -yacchatu-; parasmE-pada fem. -y/acchamānā-) to direct, guide, give a direction to

; (perf. 3. plural -yemuḥ- A1.3. dual number -yem/āte-) to follow

अन्वृध्

cl.6 P. -ṛdh/ati-, to carry out, accomplish

अन्यतःसितिबाहु

(any/ataḥ--), mfn. having the forefeet white only on one side,

अन्यतःसितिरन्ध्र

(any/ataḥ--), mfn. having the ear-cavities white only on one side, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding

अन्यतोदत्

mfn. equals anyatar/ato-danta- q.v

अन्यतोमुख

(any/ato--), mfn. hiving a face only on one side,

अन्यतोमुख

(any/ato--), mfn. hiving a face only on one side,

अन्यत्रमनस्

(any/atra--) mfn. having the mind directed to something else, inattentive

अपहन्

(subjunctive 3. sg. -han-;Imper. 2. sg. -jah/i-,2. dual number -hatam-;2. plural -hat/ā-,or -hata-; perf. -jagh/āna-; pr. p. -ghn/at-; Intensive p. Nominal verb m. -j/aṅghanat-) to beat off, ward off, repel, destroy

अपहनन

n. warding off (see apa-gh/āta- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order)

अपान्

( an-), apāniti-, or apānati- ([

]) to breathe out, expire

; pr. p. apān/at- mf(t/ī-)n. breathing out

अपस्य

Nom. P. (subjunctive sy/āt-) to be active

अपवा

-v/āti-, to exhale, perspire

(Imper. -vātu-) to blow off

अपिवत्

(optative cl.1. plural -vatema-; pr. p. -v/atat-) to understand, comprehend

: Caus. (Imper. 2. sg. -vātaya-; pr.p. -vāt/ayat-; Aorist 3. plural avīvatan-

) to cause to understand, make intelligible to (with or without dative case)

; (1. plural -vātayāmasi-) to excite, awaken

आप्रथ्

Caus. (Aorist subjunctive 3. plural -papr/athan-

) to spread, extend.

अपुवाय

Nom. A1. y/ate-, to get ill, become spoiled

(see anvart-.)

अरातिय

Nom. P. (subjunctive tsy/āt-) to be malevolent, have hostile intentions against (dative case)

अरातीय

Nom. P. tīy/ati- (parasmE-pada tīy/at-[

]; subjunctive tīy/āt-), Ved. idem or 'Nom. P. (subjunctive tsy/āt-) to be malevolent, have hostile intentions against (dative case) '

अर्चिन्

mfn. equals arc/atri- q.v

Name of a man.

आरे

ind. (locative case;See ār/āt-) far, far from, outside, without

अरित्र

n. (f ā-.) (ar/itra- [

] or /aritra- [

]) an oar (confer, compare d/aśāritra-, n/ityār-, ś/atār-, sv-aritr/a-) ; [ Latin aratrum.]

आर्तन

mfn. ([connected with ār/āt-and ār/e-

]) uncultivated, waste, desert

अश्

aśn/āti- (Potential aśnīyāt-; parasmE-pada aśn/at-(See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. aśna-); Aorist subjunctive aśīt-

; future parasmE-pada aśiṣy/at-

, perf. /āsa-

; perf. p. āśivas-See /an-āśvas- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /an-āsaka-; Pass.p. aśy/amāna-

) to eat, consume (with accusative [this only in classical Sanskrit] or genitive case)

etc. ; to enjoy

: Causal āśayati- (

; Aorist āśiśat-

) to cause to eat, feed

; (with double accusative; see

)

; (see /āśita-): Desiderative /aśiśiṣāti- (

) to wish to eat

: Intensive aśāśyate-

अस्

cl.2 P. /asti- (2. sg. /asi-,1. sg. /asmi-; plural sm/asi-or sm/as-, sth/a-, s/anti-;(rarely A1. exempli gratia, 'for example' 1.pl. smahe-

); subjunctive /asat-;Imper. astu-,2. sg. edhi-(fr. as-dhi- confer, compare

); Potential sy/āt-; imperfect tense /āsīt-,rarely ās-[only in

; confer, compare

]; perf. 1. and 3.sg, /āsa-,2. sg. /āsitha-,3. plural ās/uḥ-; parasmE-pada m. s/at- f. sat/ī-) to be, live, exist, be present ; to take place, happen ; to abide, dwell, stay ; to belong to (genitive case or dative case) ; to fall to the share of. happen to any one (genitive case) ; to be equal to (dative case)

; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative case) ; to become

etc., (confer, compare

) ; to be (id est used as copula, but not only with adjective (cf. mfn.),but also with adverb [ exempli gratia, 'for example' tūṣṇīm āsīt-

],and often with participle,[ exempli gratia, 'for example' perf. Passive voice parasmE-pada prasthitāḥ sma-

; future past participle hantavyo 'smi-

; fut.p. especially with Potential,and only in

y/adi dāsy/an-t-sy/āt-,"if he should intend to give"];the perfect tense āsa-helps to form the periphrastic perf. , and asmi-etc. the future); ([ confer, compare Greek Latin es-t; Gothic is-t; Lithuanian es-ti.])

अस्

cl.4 P. /asyati- (parasmE-pada /asyat-; imperfect tense /āsyat-,A.V.[ see parās-and vy-as-]; future parasmE-pada asiṣy/at-; Aorist āsthat-[

; see vy-as-]; perf. P. āsa-[ see parās-] A1. āse-[ see vy-as-]; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /astave-

) to throw, cast, shoot at (locative case dative case,or gen)

etc. ; to drive or frighten away

; See also 1. ast/a- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order

असश्चत्

mf(śc/at-,eight times as adjective (cf. mfn.);or /a-saścantī-,thrice)n. not sticking

असश्चत्

f. plural (a-saśc/atas-) (id est dhārās-) inexhaustible streams

आस्कभ्

P. (-skabhn/āti-

) to fix firmly into, stick into.

अस्म

(fr. a-sma-), a pronominal base from which some forms (dative case /asmai-,or asm/ai- ablative asim/āt- locative case asmin-) of id/am- (q.v) are formed

अस्म

also the base of the first person plural accusative asm/ān- ([= ]), instrumental case asm/ābhis- dative case asm/abhyam- ablative asm/at-, in later, language also asmat-tas- ([

etc.]) genitive case asm/ākam- ([exceptionally asm/āka-

]) locative case asm/āsu-

अस्मत्प्रेषित

(asm/at--) mfn. sent or driven towards us

अस्मत्सखि

(asm/at--) m(Nominal verb khā-)fn. having us as friends

अश्रि

f. often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' aṣṭāśri-, trir-/aśri-, c/atur-aśri-, śatāśri- q.v (confer, compare aśra-); ([ confer, compare Latin acies,acer; Lithuanian assmu3]).

अस्तम्

ind. at home, home

etc., especially used with verbs exempli gratia, 'for example' /astam-i- ([ /astam /eti-; pr. p. astaṃ-y/at-

; fut. p. astam-eṣy/at-

; perf. p. /astamita-See below sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]); /astaṃ-gam- ([ /astam g/acchati-

etc.; perf. p. astaṃ-gata-

etc., once in reversed order gata astaṃ-

]) or astaṃ-yā- ([ pr. p. -yāt-

]) to go down, set

etc.

असूय

Nom. P. yati-, rarely A1. yate- (pr. p. y/at-

; Aorist āsūyīt-

;3. plural asūyiṣuḥ-

) to murmur at, be displeased or discontented with (dative case [

] or accusative [

etc.]) : Causal (ind.p. asūyayitvā-) to cause to be displeased, irritate

(

)

अत्

cl.1 P. A1. /atati- (

; parasmE-pada /atat-or /atamāna-), to go constantly, walk, run

; to obtain

आतञ्च्

-tanakti- (

;1. sg. -tanacmi-

; Potential -tañcy/āt-

; ind.p. -tācya-

) to cause coagulation (by casting one liquid into another).

अतप्ततनू

(/atapta--) mfn. whose body or mass is not prepared in fire, raw

अतसि

/atka-. See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order

अथ

ind. (or Vedic or Veda /athā-) (probably fr. pronominal base a-) an auspicious and inceptive particle (not easily expressed in English), now

अथर्वन्

m. plural (/atharvāṇas-). descendants of atharvan-, often coupled with those of aṅgiras- and bhṛgu-

अति

in such compounds the accent is generally on /ati-.

अती

( i-) cl.2 P. aty-eti-, -etum-, to pass by, elapse, pass over, overflow ; to pass on ; to get over ; (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /aty-etavai-), to pass through

; to defer ; to enter ; to overcome, overtake, outdo ; to pass by, neglect ; to overstep, violate ; to be redundant ; to die: Intensive atīyate-, to overcome.

अतिबहु

mfn. (/ati--) very much

अतिभा

-bh/āti-, to blaze or be very bright

आतिच्छन्दस

n. (fr. /ati-cchandas-), Name of the last of the six days of the pṛṣṭhya- ceremony

अतिदघ्

to go beyond, to pass (3. sg. /ate-dhak-,2. dual number /ati-dhaksam-)

अतिदन्तुर

(/ati--) mfn. whose teeth are too prominent

अतिदीर्घ

(/ati--) mfn. very long, too long,

अतिगुर्

(Potential /ati jugury/āt-), to cry out, give a shriek

अतिह्रस्व

(/ati--) mfn. excessively short

अतिजि

(Aorist /aty-ajaiṣīt-), to conquer

अतिख्या

to survey, overlook (3. sg. imperfect tense /aty-akhyat-)

; to neglect, pass over, abandon (2. sg. Conj. /ati-khyas-,2. dual number Conj. /ati-khyatam-)

अतिकिरिट

(/ati--) ([Comm.]) mfn. having too small teeth

अतिकृश

(/ati--) mfn. very thin, emaciated.

अतिकृष्ण

(/ati--) mfn. very or too dark, very or too deep blue.

अतिक्रुष्ट

(/ati--) n. extraordinary cry or wailing

अतिक्षर्

to overflow or flow through

etc. (3. sg. Aorist /akṣār /ati-

अतिकुल्व

(/ati-.) mfn. too bald

अतिलोम

(/ati--) ([

]) mfn. very hairy, too hairy.

अतिलोमश

(/ati--) ([

]) mfn. very hairy, too hairy.

अतिमति

f. (/ati--) haughtiness

अतिमेमिष

(/ati--) mfn. (1. miṣ-), opening the eyes too much, staring

अतिमिर्मिर

(/ati--) mfn. twinkling exceedingly

अतिमुक्ति

(/ati-.) f. final liberation (from death)

अतिनी

to lead over or beyond, to help a person over anything

etc. ; to allow to pass away: Intensive A1. -nenīy/ate-, to bring forward

अतिनिष्टन्

( tan-), (perf. Potential 3. plural /ati-n/iṣ-ṭatanyuḥ-) to penetrate (with rays)

अतिपू

P. to clarify or purify through (3. plural Aorist /ati apāviṣuḥ-)

: A1. -pavate-, to purify or purge by flowing through (especially used of the soma- juice, which is considered to be a purgative)

अतिपुरुष

(/ati--) ([

]) m. a first-rate man, hero.

अतिपूरुष

(/ati--) ([

]) m. a first-rate man, hero.

अतिराज्

to shine over (aor.Subj. 3. sg. /ati rāṭ-)

अतिश्लक्ष्ण

(/ati--) mfn. too tender

अतिसृष्टि

(/ati--) f. an extraordinary or excellent creation

अतिस्थूल

mfn. (/ati-.) excessively big or clumsy

अतिशुक्र

(/ati--) mfn. too bright.

अतितराम्

ind. (Comparative degree of /ati-), above in rank (with accusative), KenaUp.

अतिथिपति

(/atithi--) m. a host, entertainer of a guest

आत्र

n. (fr. /atri-), Name of different sāman-s.

आतृद्

P. -tṛṇ/atti-, to divide, pierce (as the ears)

: A1. -tṛntt/e-, to sever one's self

आतृप्

P. (subjunctive 3. plural -tṛp/an-

sg. p/at-) to be satisfied

: Causal (imperative 2. dual number -tarpayethām-) to satisfy

आत्तसोमपीथीय

(/ātta--), mfn. deprived of the soma- drink,

आत्तवचस्

(/ātta--) mfn. destitute of speech

अत्त्रि

See /atri-, .

आतुद्

(p. -tud/at-; perf. -tut/oda-; ind.p. -tudya-) to strike, push, spur on, stir up

अतूर्तपथिन्

(/atūrta--), m (Nominal verb -panthās-)fn. having a path that cannot be obstructed

आव

Inst. dative case . ablative āvābhyām- (Vedic or Veda ablative also āv/at-)

अवद्रै

(future p. -drāsy/at-) to fall asleep

(see an-avadrāṇ/a-.)

अवगम्

-gacchati- (subjunctive -g/acchāt-; ind.p. -g/atya-

; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /avagantos-

) to go down, descend to (accusative or locative case)

; (with accusative) to come to, visit, approach

; to reach, obtain

; to get power or influence

; to go near, undertake

; to hit upon, think of, conceive, learn, know, understand, anticipate, assure one's self, be convinced ; to recognize, consider, believe any one (accusative) to be (accusative)

: Causal P. (3. plural -gamayanti-;Imper. 2. sg. -gamaya-) to bring near, procure

; to cause to know, teach

अवख्या

(Imper. 2. plural -khy/ata-; imperfect tense ava-khyat-) to look down

; (with accusative) to see, perceive

: Causal -khyāpayati-, to cause to look at

अवक्षिप्

-kṣipati- (subjunctive -kṣi p/at-

; parasmE-pada -kṣip/at- mfn.

) to throw down, cause to fly down or away, hurl

etc. ; to revile

(varia lectio apa-for ava) ; to grant, yield

Caus. (Aorist subjunctive 3. plural -cikṣipan-) to cause to fall down

अवमुच्

P. (parasmE-pada -muñc/at-) to loosen

; to let go

; (ind.p. -mucya-) to unharness

; (generally ind.p. -mucya-) to take off (as a garment etc.)

etc.: A1. (parasmE-pada -muñc/am/ana-) to liberate one's self from, strip off

अवस

n. (with pad v/at-) "food that has feet" id est cattle

अवसृज्

(subjunctive -sṛjāt-[

] or -sṛj/at-[

] or -sṛjat-[

];Imper. 2. sg. -sṛj/ā-,or -sṛjā-; imperfect tense -/asṛjat-; perf. Potential -sasṛjyā-

; parasmE-pada -sṛj/at-

) to fling, throw (as arrows or the thunderbolt)

etc. ; to throw or put into (locative case)

, to let off, let loose, let go, send, dismiss, abandon, surrender (as to misfortune, agh/āya-

)

etc. ; to give up (as one's anger etc.)

, (or one's life, prāṇān-) xii, 88 ; to pardon

; (any one's life, prāṇān-)

; to deliver (a woman)

; to be delivered, bring forth

; to produce, form, shape

: A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural /avāsṛjanta-) to relax, lose energy and power.

; (imperfect tense avāsṛjat-for sajat-,fr.- sañj-

) to attach to (locative case)

अवतॄ

cl.1 P. -tarati- (perf. -tatāra-,3. plural -teruḥ-;Inf. -taritum-[ exempli gratia, 'for example'

]or -tartum-[ exempli gratia, 'for example'

]; ind.p. -tīrya-) to descend into (locative case or accusative), alight from, alight (ablative)

; to descend (as a deity) in becoming incarnate

; to betake one's self to (accusative), arrive at

; to make one's appearance, arrive

; to be in the right place, to fit

; to undertake: Vedic or Veda cl.6 P. (Imper. 2. sg. -tira-; imperfect tense -/atirat-,2. sg. -/atiras-,2. dual number -atiratam-; Aorist 2. sg. -tārīs-) to overcome, overpower

: Ved. cl.4. (parasmE-pada fem. -t/īyatī-) to sink

: Causal -tārayati- (ind.p. -tārya-) to make or let one descend, bring or fetch down (accusative or locative case) from (ablative)

etc. ; to take down, take off, remove, turn away from (ablative

)

; "to set a-going, render current" See ava-tārita- below ; to descend(?)

अविश्वस्त

mfn. equals a-viśvas/at-

अव्यथिष्यै

Ved. infinitive mood (

) , for not trembling, for rendering sure-footed

; (a-vy/athiṣe-!)

बन्ध्

cl.9 P. (

) badhn/āti- (rarely A1. badhnīt/e-; cl.1 P. A1. bandhati-, te-

; cl.4 P. badhyati-

; imperative badhāna-

, bandhāna-

, -badhnīhi-

, bandha-

; perfect tense P. bab/andha-,3. plural bedh/us-

, babandhus-

; A1. bedh/e-, dhir/e-

, babandhe- grammar; future bhantsyati-

etc., bandhiṣyati-, te-

; banddhā- grammar; Aorist abhāntsīt- grammar; preceding badhyāt-

; infinitive mood banddhum-,or bandhitum-

, b/adhe-

ind.p. baddhv/ā-

, dhv/āya-

, -badhya-

; -bandham-

), to bind, tie, fix, fasten, chain, fetter

etc. ; to bind round, put on (

;later also P."on one's self")

etc. ; to catch, take or hold captive, met. = to attach to world or to sin

; to fix, direct, fasten, rivet (eyes, ears or mind) on (locative case or infinitive mood)

; to arrest, hold back, restrain, suppress, stop, shut, close

; to bind a sacrificial victim, offer, sacrifice (with dative case of the deity to whom it is presented)

; to punish, chastise

; to join, unite, put together or produce anything in this way, exempli gratia, 'for example' fold (the hands), clench (the fist), knit or bend (the eyebrows), arrange, assume (a posture), set up (a limit), construct (a dam or a bridge), span, bridge over (a river), conceive or contract (friendship or enmity), compose, construct (a poem or verse)

etc. ; to form or produce in any way, cause, effect, do, make, bear (fruit), strike (roots), take up (one's abode)

; to entertain, cherish, show, exhibit, betray (joy, resolution etc.)

: Passive voice badhy/ate- (ti-

), to be bound etc. etc. ; (especially) to be bound by the fetters of existence or evil, sin again

; to be affected by id est experience, suffer (instrumental case)

: Causal bandhayati- (Aorist ababandhat-), to cause to bind or catch or capture, imprison

etc. ; to cause to be built or constructed

; to cause to be embanked or dammed up

; to bind together (also bādhayati-)

: Desiderative bibhantsati- grammar : Intensive bābanddhi-, bābadhyate-

[ confer, compare Zend band; Greek , ; Latin foedus,fides; Lit.be4ndras; Gothic Anglo-Saxon bindan; German binden; English bind.]

भा

cl.2 P. (

) bh/āti- (pr. p. bhāt- f. bhāntī-or bhātī-

; Potential bhāyāt-

; plural babhau-

etc.; Aorist abhāsīt- grammar

; future bhāsy/ati-

etc.) , to shine, be bright or luminous

etc. ; to shine forth, appear, show one's self

; to be splendid or beautiful or eminent

etc. (with na-,to cut a poor figure

) ; to appear as, seem, look like, pass for (Nominal verb with or without iva- adverb in vat-)

etc. ; to be, exist

; to show, exhibit, manifest

(varia lectio): Passive voice bhāyate-, impers, radiance is put forth by (instrumental case)

: Causal bhāpayate- ; Aorist abībhapat- grammar : Desiderative bibhāsati-

: Intensive bābhāyate-, bābheti-, bābhāti-

[ confer, compare bhan-, bhāṣ-, bhās-; Greek , ; Latin fa1rietc.; German Bann; English ban.]

भजेरथ

(

bhaje-+ aratha-), prob. bhaj/e- (infinitive mood) or bh/aje- (1. sg. fr. bhaj-) + r/athasya-.

भन्दनाय

(Nom.fr. prec.) , only pr. p. y/at-, to shout loudly, yell

भञ्ज्

cl.7 P. (

) bhanakti- (perfect tense babh/añja-

etc., 3. plural A1. babhañjire-

; Aorist abhāṅkṣīt-

; future bhaṅkṣyati-, ktā-

; ind.p. bhaṅktvā-, bhaktvā-or -bhajya-

), to break, shatter, split

etc. ; to break into, make a breach in (a fortress, with accusative)

; to rout, put to flight, defeat (an army)

; to dissolve (an assembly)

; to break up id est divide (a sūtra-)

; to bend

; to check, arrest, suspend, frustrate, disappoint

etc.: Passive voice bhajy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāji-or abhañji-

), to be broken or break (intr.) etc.

etc. etc.: Causal bhañjayati- (Aorist ababhañjat-) grammar : Desiderative bibhaṅkṣati-

: Intensive bambhajyate- or jīti-

[Perhaps for originally bhrañj-; confer, compare bhraj-; Latin frangere,nau-fraga; German brechen; English break.]

भिद्

cl.7.P. A1. (

) bhin/atti-, bhintte- (imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /abhinat-

; subjunctive bhin/aadaḥ-

; imperative bindh/i-

; binddhi-

[ confer, compare binddhi-lavaṇā-];cl.1. P. bh/edati-

; Potential bhideyam-

; perfect tense bibh/eda-

; Aorist , 2. 3. sg. bh/et-

abhaitsīt-

; bhitthās-

; preceding bhitsīṣṭa- grammar; future bhetsy/ati-, te-

etc.; Conditional abhetsyat-

; future bhettā- grammar; infinitive mood bh/ettav/ai-

; bhettum-

etc.; ind.p. bhittv/ā-, -bhidya-

etc.) , to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroy

etc.,; to pass through (as a planet or, comet)

; to disperse (darkness)

; to transgress, violate, (a compact or alliance)

etc. ; to open, expand

; to loosen, disentangle, dissolve

etc. ; to disturb, interrupt, stop

; to disclose, betray

etc. ; to disunite, set at variance

; to distinguish, discriminate

: Passive voice bhidy/ate- (Epic also ti- Aorist abhedi-

etc.; perfect tense bibhide-

), to be split or broken, burst (intrans.)

etc. ; to be opened (as a closed hand, eyes etc.)

; to overflow (as water)

; to be loosened, become loose

; to be stopped or interrupted

; to be disclosed or betrayed

; to be changed or altered (in mind), be won over

; to be disunited

; to keep aloof from (instrumental case)

; to be distinguished, differ from (ablative)

etc.: Causal bhedayati-, te- (Aorist abībhidat-; confer, compare also bhidāpana-), to cause to split or break etc. ; to split, break, shatter, crush, destroy

; to separate, divide (See bhedita-) ; to disunite, set at variance, perplex, unsettle (in opinion), seduce, win over

: Desiderative b/ibhitsati-, te-, to wish to break through or disperse or defeat

(confer, compare, bibhitsā-): Desiderative of Causal See bibhedayiṣu-: Intensive bebhidīti- or bebhetti-, to cleave repeatedly

[ confer, compare Latin findo; German beissen; English bite.]

भिषज्य

Nom. P. jy/ati- (gaRa kaṇḍv-ādi-) to heal, cure, possess healing power

etc. ; to be physician to any one (dative case)

; to be a physician or remedy for id est to gain the mastery over anything (locative case)

भृ

cl.1 P. A1. (

) bh/arati-, te- ; cl.3 P. A1. (

) b/ibharti- (bibh/arti-only

), bibhṛte- ; cl.2 P. bh/arti-

(parasmE-pada P. b/ibhrat-, q.v; A1. bibhrāṇa-with act. meaning

, bibhramāṇa-with pass. meaning

; perfect tense jabh/āra-, jabh/arat-; jabhre-, ajabhartana-

; babhāra-, babhṛma-

etc.; parasmE-pada babhrāṇ/a-with pass. meaning

; bibharāmbabhūva-

, rām-āsa-

; Aorist abhār-

; bhart/am-, bhṛt/am-

; abhṛta- grammar; abhārṣam- subjunctive bharṣat-

; abhāriṣam-

; preceding bhriyāsam-, yāt-

; future bhariṣyati- Conditional /abhariṣyat-

; bhart/ā-

; infinitive mood bh/artum-, bh/artave-, bh/artav/ai-,Ved.; bh/aradhyai-

; ind.p. -bh/ṛtya-

etc.) , to bear, carry, convey, hold ("on"or"in" locative case)

etc. ; to wear id est let grow (hair, beard, nails)

etc. ; to balance, hold in equipoise (as a pair of scales)

; to bear id est contain, possess, have, keep (also"keep in mind")

etc. ; to support, maintain, cherish, foster

; to hire, pay

; to carry off or along (A1. bharate-,"for one's self" id est gain, obtain, or =ferri"to be borne along")

; to bring, offer, procure, grant, bestow

etc. ; to endure, experience, suffer, undergo

; to lift up, raise (the voice or a sound; A1. bharate-,also "to rise, be heard")

; to fill (the stomach)

; (with garbham-) to conceive, become pregnant (confer, compare under dhṛ-)

; (with kṣitim-) to take care of, rule, govern

; (with, ājñām-) to submit to, obey

; (with ūrjām-) to exert, employ

: Passive voice bhriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāri-), to be borne etc.

etc. etc.: Causal bhārayati- (Aorist abībharat-), to cause to bear etc. ; to engage for hire

: Desiderative b/ubhūrṣati- (

), bibhariṣati- (

) , to wish to bear or support or maintain: Intensive b/aribharti- (3. plural bhrati-

, where also 2. dual number jarbhṛt/aḥ-), barībharti- (

), to bear repeatedly or continually, carry hither and thither. [ confer, compare Zend bar; Greek ; Latin fero; Slavonic or Slavonian brati; Gothic bai4ran; German beran,ge-ba0ren; English bear.]

भ्रज्ज्

cl.6 P. A1. (

; confer, compare bhṛj-) bhṛjj/ati-, te- (in

only forms of the proper P.,and perfect tense babhrajja-; grammar also perfect tense babhrajye-and babharja-, je-; Aorist abhrākṣīt-, abhārkṣīt-; abhārkṣīt-, abhaṣṭa-; abharṣṭa-; future bhrakṣyati-, te-, bharkṣyati-, te-; bhraṣṭā-, bharṣṭā-; infinitive mood bhraṣṭum-and bharṣṭum-; ind.p. bhṛṣṭvā-), to fry, parch, roast (especially grain)

etc.: Passive voice bhṛjjyate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-pada bhṛjjyamāna-

) : Causal bharjayati- (confer, compare bhṛj-; grammar also bhrajjayati-; Aorist ababharjat-or ababhrajjat-), to fry, roast

: Desiderative bibhrakṣati-, bibharkṣati- ; bibhrajjiṣati-, bibharjiṣati- grammar : Intensive barībhṛjjyate-, bābhraṣṭi-, bābharṣṭi-

[ confer, compare bhrāj-; Greek ; Latin frigere.]

भ्रातृव्य

m. (mostly with /a-priya-, dviṣ/at-etc.) a hostile cousin, rival, adversary, enemy

भृणीय

Nom. A1. y/ate-, to be angry (equals krudhyate-)

(see bhrī-and hṛṇīya-).

भू

cl.1 P. (

) bh/avati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense babh/ūva-,2. Persian /ūtha-or ūvitha- confer, compare

; babhūyās-, y/ār-, babhūtu-

; A1. babhūve-or bubhūve-

; confer, compare below; Aorist /abhūt-, ūvan-; imperative bodh/i-[ confer, compare budh-], bhūtu-

; Aorist or imperfect tense /abhuvat-, bh/uvat-, bhuvāni-

; preceding bhūyāsam-,2. 3. sg. yās-

; bhūyāt-

; bhūyiṣṭhās-

; bhaviṣāt-[?]

; abhaviṣṭa-, bhaviṣīṣta-. grammar; future bhaviṣy/ati-, Epic also te-and 2. plural ṣyadhvam-; bhavitā-

etc.; infinitive mood bhuv/e-, -bhv/e-, bhūṣ/aṇi-

; bhavitum-, tos-

; ind.p. bhūtv/ā-; bhūtv/ī-

; -bh/ūya-

etc.; -bh/ūyam-, -bh/avam-

), to become, be (with nom, or adverb or indeclineable words ending in ī-or ū- confer, compare kṛṣṇī-bhū-etc.) , arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur

etc. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms;with a fut.p. =to be going or about to exempli gratia, 'for example' anuvakṣyan bhavati-,he is going to recite

;the future of bhū-with a perfect tense parasmE-pada =a future perfect tense exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi-,you will have done

;the perfect tense P. babhūva-after the syllable ām-is put for the perfect tense of verbs of the 10th classetc.[ confer, compare 1. as-and1. kṛ-];the A1.appears in this meaning

;observe also bhavati-with a future tense, it is possible that, exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati-,it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed

; bhavet-,may be, granted, admitted

; bhavatu- idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ',well, good, enough of this

; iticed bhavet-,if this question should be asked

; kva tad bhavati-,what is to become of this, it is quite useless

;with na-= to cease to exist, perish, die

etc.;with iha na-,not to be born on earth

;with śata-dhā-,to fall into a hundred pieces

;with dūrataḥ-,to keep aloof.

;with manasi-or cetasi-and genitive case,to occur to the mind of any one

; idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ' with genitive case alone

) ; to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (confer, compare"esse alicujus";with genitive case,rarely dative case or locative case according to to

also with pari-or prati-and preceding accusative)

etc. ; to be on the side of, assist (with genitive case or -tas-)

(confer, compare

) ; to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dative case of thing)

etc. (with phalāya-.to bear fruit

) ; to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with locative case)

; to thrive or prosper in (instrumental case), turn out well, succeed

; to be of consequence or useful

; (also A1.

) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain

; (with id/am-) to obtain it id est be successful or fortunate

: Passive voice bhūyate- (or ti-

; Aorist abhāvi-) sometimes used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' yair bhaviṣyate-, by whom it will be existed id est who will be

: Causal bhāvayati- (rarely te-; Aorist abībhavat- grammar; infinitive mood bhāvitum-

; Passive voice bhāvyate-etc.

), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create

; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further

etc. ; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (accusative)

; to subdue, control

; (also A1.

) to obtain

; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray

; to purify

; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two accusative)

etc. ; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume

(confer, compare bhāvita-,): Desiderative of Causal bibhāvayiṣati- (

), to wish to cause to be etc.

: Desiderative b/ubhūṣati- (te-), to wish or strive to become or be

etc. ; (with kṣipram-), to strive to be quickly possessed

; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed

; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour

; to want to take revenge

: Intens, b/obhavīti-, bobhavati-, bobhoti-, bobhūyate-, to be frequently, to be in the habit of

; to be transformed into (accusative)

; (with tiraḥ-), to keep anything (instrumental case) secret

[ confer, compare Zend bu1; Greek , ; Latin fuit,fuatetc.; Slavonic or Slavonian byti; Lithuanian bu4ti; German bim,bim; Anglo-Saxon beo4; English be.]

भुज्

cl.6 P. (

) bhuj/ati- (perfect tense bubhoja- Aorist abhaukṣīt- future bhokṣyati-and ktā- grammar;really only proper stem Aorist -/abubhojīs-and ind.p. -bhujya-after nir-and, pari-; confer, compare also bhujam-in bhujaṃ-ga-and bhujaṃgama-), to bend, curve ; (?) to sweep (confer, compare 1. bhuj/i-)

: Passive voice bhujyate-, to be bent down or disheartened

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin fugio; Gothic biugan,baugjan(?); German biogan,biegen; Anglo-Saxon bu4gan; English bow.]

भुर्

(prob. a secondary form of bhri-not in

), P. A1. bhur/ati-, te-, to move rapidly or convulsively, stir, palpitate, quiver, struggle (in swimming)

: Intensive j/arbhurīti- (parasmE-pada j/arbhurat-, rāṇa-), to flicker (as fire)

(confer, compare Greek , ; Latin furere.)

भुरण्य

Nom. P. y/ati-, to be active or restless, stir

; to stir (trans.), agitate (a liquid)

ब्रह्मणस्पति

m. (fr. brahmaṇas- genitive case of brahman-+ p-) equals b/ṛhas-p/ati-

etc. ( brahmaṇaspatisūkta -sūkta- n.Name of work)

ब्रह्मण्वत्

mfn. (v/at-

) accompanied by prayer, devout

ब्रह्मण्य

Nom. P. y/ati- (only pr. p. y/at-) to pray, be devout or religious

बृह्

or vṛh-, cl.6. P. (

) brih/ati- ; vṛh/ati- (perfect tense babarha-, vav/arha-; future varkṣyati-, varhiṣyati-; varḍhā-, varhitā-; Aorist barhīt-, avṛkṣat-; ind.p. vriḍhvā-, varhitvā-, v/ṛhya-, barham-, v/arham-;Ved. infinitive mood vṛhas-: Passive voice vṛhyate-; Aorist varhi-), to tear, pluck, root up (without a preposition only with mūlam-

): Causal barh/ayati- (See ni-bṛh-): Desiderative vivṛkṣati-, vivarhiṣati- grammar : Intensive varīvarḍhi-, varīvṛhyate-

बृहड्

in compound for brih/at-.

बृहद्

in compound for bṛh/at-.

बृहज्

in compound for bṛh/at-.

बृहल्

in compound for bṛh/at-,

बृहन्

in compound for brih/at-.

बृहन्त

mfn. equals bṛh/at-, large, great

बृहस्पतिप्रणुत्त

(bṛhas-p/ati-.) mfn. expelled by bṛhaspati-

बृहस्पतिप्रसूत

(bṝhas-p/ati--) mfn. enjoined by bṛhaspati-

बृहस्पतिसुत

(b/ṛhas-p/ati--) mfn. pressed out (as soma- juice) by bṛhas-pati-

बृहट्

in compound for bṛh/at-.

बृहती

f. fr. bṛk/at- Name of a particular metre of 36 (originally 8+ 8+12+8) syllables or (later) any metre containing 36 syllables (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' (tīka-) mfn.)

etc.

बृहत्क

mfn. equals bṛh/at-, large, great

बृहत्केतु

mfn. (h/at--) having great clearness or brightness (said of agni-)

बृहत्सामन्

mfn. (h/at-.) having the bṛhat-sāman- for a sāman-

बृहत्सुम्न

(h/at--) mfn. of great benevolence or kindness

चनस्य

Nom. (imperative 2. dual number sy/atam-) to delight in (accusative), enjoy

चरथ

mfn. moving, living

(ca r/atha- manuscripts) ; 72, 6

चरथ

n. going, wandering, course

(

car/ātha-) ; iii, 31, 15; viii, 33, 8; x, 92, 13

चराथ

n. See r/atha-.

चत्

cl.1. c/atati-,"to hide one's self." See c/atat- and c/atta- ; to go

; P. and A1. to ask, beg (= cad-)

: Causal cāt/ayati-, te- (Aorist acīcattam-, acīcate-

),"to cause to hide", scare, frighten away

(see niś--, pra--, vi--; see also cātaka-, cātana-, cāttra-.)

चातन

mfn. ( cat-, Causal) in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "driving away" See abhiśasti--, amīva--, arāya--, durṇāma--, piśāca--, bhrātṛvya--, yātu--, sadānvā--, and sapatna-c/ātana-

चतसृ

f. plural of cat/ur-, 4 (Nominal verb and accusative c/atasras-[ see

Va1rtt. 2 ]; instrumental case catas/ṛbhis-[ see

]

; genitive case sṝṇ/ām-

;or sṝṇām-[Ved.

]

; locative case s/ṛṣu-

)

चतिन्

mfn. equals c/atat-

चतुःसहस्र

(c/at-) n. 4000

चतुःसम

mfn. having 4 symmetric parts of the body (viz. arms, knees, legs, and cheeks Scholiast or Commentator;but see -śākha-and c/atur-aṅga-)

(see

)

चतुःसमुद्र

mf(ī-)n. (c/at-) having 4 seas

चतुःशफ

(c/at-) mfn. four-hoofed

चतुःशराव

(c/at-) mfn. measuring 4 śarāva-s

चतुःशत

n. (c/at-) 104

चतुःशिखण्ड

(c/at-) mf(ā-)n. four-tufted

(tuṣ-kaparda-

)

चतुःसीत

(c/at-) mfn. having 4 furrows

चतुःस्रक्ति

mfn. (c/at-) quadrangular

(said of the vedi-)

चतुःशृङ्ग

mfn. (c/at-) four-horned

चतुःश्रोत्र

(c/at-) mf(ā-)n. four-eared

चतुर्

tv/āras- m. plural , tv/āri- n. plural , 4 (accusative m. t/uras- instrumental case t/urbhis-[for f.

] genitive case turṇ/ām- ablative t/urbhyas-;class. instrumental case dative case ablative,and locative case also oxyt.

; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'

and

;for f.See c/atasṛ-); [ confer, compare, AEolic ; Gothic fidvor; Latin quatuor; Cambro-Brit. pedwar,pedair; Hibernian or Irish ceatkair; Lithuanian keturi; Slavonic or Slavonian cetyrje.]

चतुरक्षर

mfn. (c/at-) consisting of 4 syllables

चतुरङ्ग

mfn. (c/at-) having 4 limbs (or extremities)

चतुरनीक

(c/at-) mfn. four-faced (varuṇa-)

चतुरश्रि

(c/at-) mfn. quadrangular

चतुर्भृष्टि

mfn. (c/at-) four-cornered, quadrangular

चतुर्बिल

mfn. (c/at-) having 4 openings

चतुर्दंष्ट्र

mfn. (c/at-) having 4 tusks

चतुर्दशाक्षर

mfn. (c/at-) having 14 syllables

चतुर्दशन्

(c/at-), a- plural (locative case ś/asu-

) 14

; ([ confer, compare Latin quatuordecim; Lithuanian keturo1lika])

चतुर्हनु

mfn. (c/at-) having 4 jaws

चतुर्होतृ

m. (c/at-) sg. or plural Name of a litany (recited at the new-moon and full-moon sacrifice)

चतुर्निधन

(c/at-) mfn. consisting of 4 concluding passages

चतुर्वय

(c/at-) mfn. fourfold

चतुर्विध

mfn. (c/at-) fourfold, of 4 sorts or kinds

etc.

चातुर्विध्य

n. (fr. c/atur-vidha-) the being fourfold

चतुर्विंशतिविक्रम

mf(ā-)n. (c/at-) measuring 24 paces

चतुर्विंशत्यक्षर

mf(ā-)n. (c/at-) having 24 syllables

चतुर्युग

mf(ā-)n. (c/at-) equals -yukta-

चतुश्चत्वारिंशत्

(c/at-) f. 44

चतुष्कपर्द

(c/at-) mf(ā-)n. having 4 tufts

चतुष्पद्

mfn. (c/at-)(Nominal verb sg. -pād-; plural -pādas-,irreg. -padas-

; locative case -pātsu-

; ablative -pādbhyas-

) f. (-padī-) n. (Nominal verb -pad-

4 times,or -pād-

twice) . (

) quadruped, m. a quadruped, n. quadrupeds (collectively) , animals

etc.

चतुष्पद

mf(ā-)n. (c/at-), quadruped

चतुष्पाद

mf(ī-)n. (c/at-) quadruped

चतुष्पक्ष

(c/at-) mf(ā-)n. furnished with 4 posts

चतुष्पञ्चाशत्

f. (c/at-) (sg. or plural

) 54

चातुष्टय

mfn. (fr. c/at-) versed in the sūtra-s consisting of 4 sections

चतुस्त्रिंशदक्षर

mf(ā-)n. (c/at-) containing 34 syllables

चतुस्त्रिंशत्

f. (c/at-) 34

चत्वाल

m. equals c/ātv- q.v

चत्वारिंश

mf(ī-)n. (fr. ś/at-) the 40th

चात्वारिंश

n. "consisting of 40 (catvāriṃś/at-) adhyāya-s", the

चत्वारिंशत्

f. (

;fr. catv/āri-[n. plural ]and daś/at-,a decad) 40

चत्वारिंशति

f. equals ś/at- See dvā--.

चत्वारिंशत्पद

(ś/at--) mf(ā-)n. having 40 feet

छिद्

cl.7. chin/atti-, chintte- (imperative n/attu-;2. sg. ndh/i-[ confer, compare

];2. dual number nt/am-; subjunctive 1. sg. n/adai-; Potential ndet-

; cl.9. 1. sg. chinnāmi-

; imperfect tense 2. sg. achinad-,or nas-

; perfect tense ciccheda-, cchide-; parasmE-pada cchidvas-,

; Aorist acchidat-or acchaitsīt-[ subjunctive ch-

etc.]

;2. sg. chitsi-

;1. plural chedma-

; A1. acchitta-and 2. sg. tthās-[ subjunctive ch-

; future chetsyati-,

; ind.p. chittvā- infinitive mood chettum-; Passive voice chidyate-;

See /a-cchidyamāna-; Aorist /acchedi-and chedi-

) to cut off, amputate, cut through, hew, chop, split, pierce

etc. ; to divide, separate from (ablative;exceptionally instrumental case

)

; to destroy, annihilate, efface, blot out

etc. ; (in mathematics) to divide

: Passive voice to be split or cut, break

: Causal chedayati- (Aorist acicchidat-) to cut off.

; to cause to cut off or through

: Desiderative See cicchitsu- : Intensive cecchidīti- (

), dyate- (

Va1rtt. 2

) ; future Ist ditā-,

Va1rtt. 2

; ([ confer, compare , etc.; Latin scindo; Gothic skeida.])

चिर

n. (

) delay (exempli gratia, 'for example' gamana--,"delay in going"

; kiṃ cireṇa-,"wherefore delay?"

; pur/ā cir/āt-,"to avoid delay"

)

चुद्

cl.1. c/odati-, te- (subjunctive c/odat-; imperative da-, data-, dasva-,(2. dual number) dethām-; Aorist 2. sg. codīs-; pr. p. See a-cod/at-), to impel, incite, animate

; to bring or offer quickly (as the soma-)

; A1. to hasten

: Causal cod/ayati-, rarely te- (subjunctive 2. sg. yāsi-, yāse-; Aorist acūcudat-

; parasmE-pada cod/ayat-;Pan. codyamāna-), to sharpen, whet

(confer, compare

) ;

; to impel, incite, cause to move quickly, accelerate

etc. ; (with cakṣus-) to direct (the eye) towards (locative case)

; to inspire, excite, animate

; to request, petition, ask, urge on, press or importune with a request

etc. ; help on, assist in the attainment of (dative case)

; to bring or offer quickly,

; to ask for

; to inquire after

; to enjoin, fix, settle

; to object, criticise

; to be quick

; ([ confer, compare , ; Latin cudo.])

दा

cl.3. d/adāti- (plural dati-

etc.; A1. datte-

;1. sg. dadmi-

; imperative d/adātu- plural dahu-;2. sg. daddh/i-

; deh/i-[

]

;2. plural d/adāta-

, tana-

, datt/a-

etc.;2. dual number tt/am-

etc.; Potential dady/āt-

etc.; imperfect tense /adadāt-; plural /adadur-

;2. dual number /adattam-

etc.;2. plural ttana-,

, /adadāta-

; subjunctive d/adat-

, das-

dan-

parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb sg. d/adat- plural tas-

etc.; parasmE-pada A1. d/adāna-,

; n/a-,

; sg. dadati-,

; plural danti-,

; imperative da-,

; data-

; Potential det-

; imperfect tense /adadat-

; A1. sg. d/adate-

; plural dante-,

; imperative sg. datām-

; dasva-

etc.; imperfect tense plural /adadanta-

; parasmE-pada d/adamāna-

; Aorist /adāt-[

], dat-, /adur-, d/ur-etc.; subjunctive 2. dual number dāsathas-

[ confer, compare

]; Potential 1. plural deṣma-

; perfect tense dad/au-, d/ur-, d/athur-, datur-, d/o-

etc.; Passive voice d/e-,

; dadade-, dāte-, dire-

; parasmE-pada genitive case dad/uṣas-

, ṣām-

; Nominal verb dv/ān-,

; dāvan-

; accusative div/āṃsam-,

[ confer, compare

]; future parasmE-pada dāsy/at-

; A1. syate-, syante-,1. sg. sye-

; preceding deyāt-

; infinitive mood dāv/ane-

; d/ātos-,

; tave-,

; d/ātav/ai-[

]

; tum-,

etc.: ind.p. dattv/āya-[

]

; ttv/ā-

etc.; -d/āya-[

]

etc.: Passive voice dīyate-[

]; parasmE-pada y/amāna-

; Aorist adāyi-

; preceding dāsīṣṭa-, dāyis-,

) cl.1. d/āti- (

; imperative tu-,

; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 3

) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dative case,in later language also genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to give (a daughter, kanyām-) in marriage

etc. ; to hand over

; (with haste-)

; to give back,

; to pay (daṇḍam-,"a fine"

; ṛṇam-,"a debt",

) ; to give up, cede (āsanam-,"one's seat")

; (panthānam-or mārgam-,"to give up the road, allow to pass")

and

; to sell (with instrumental case of the price),

; to sacrifice (ātmānam-,"one's self."

; āt- khedāya-,"to give one's self up to grief",

) ; to offer (an oblation etc.)

etc. ; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas-

), give (answer, prati-vacas-, canam-, praty-uttaram-

etc.), speak (satyaṃ vacas-,the truth,

; vacam-,to address a speech to [ dative case ]

) ; to permit, allow (with infinitive mood)

; to permit sexual intercourse

; to place, put, apply (in med.)

etc. ; to add

; with varam-,"to grant a boon"

etc. ; śoham-,"to cause grief",

; avakāśam-,"to give room or space, allow to enter"

etc. ; prāṇān- or jīvitam-,"to spare any one's life"

; talam- or lān-, to slap with the palms of the hands

; la-prahāram-, to strike with the palm

tālam-, to beat time with the hands

; saṃjñām-, to make a sign

; saṃketakam-, to make an appointment

samayam-, to propose an agreement

; upamām-, to compare with [ genitive case ]

; paṭaham-, to proclaim with the drum

; śabdam-, to make a noise, call out

; śāpam-, to utter a curse

etc. ; gāīh-. idem or 'm. fire '

; anuyātram-, to accompany

; āliṅganane-, parirambhaṇam-, to embrace,

; jhampam-, to jump

; śrāddham-, to perform a śrāddha-

; vratakam-, to accomplish a vow

; yuddham-, niy-, saṃgrāmam-, to give battle, fight with

; ājñām- ādeśam-, to give an order, command,

; saṃdeśam-, to give information

; prayogam-, to give a dramatic representation

vṛtim-, to fence in

; darśanam-, to show one's self

; dṛṣṭim-, dṛśam-, akṣi-, caksus-, to fix the eyes on (locative case)

; karṇam-, to give ear, listen

; manas-, to direct the mind to (locative case)

; kars- kapolam-, to rest the cheek on the hand

; nigaḍāni- to put on or apply fetters

pāvakam-, to set on fire ; agnīn- to consume by fire

; śāram-, to move a chess-man

; argalam-, to draw a bolt, bar

; jānu-, to kneel upon (genitive case)

; padam-, to tread upon [loc.]

; to direct the steps

; viṣam-, to poison

(with accusative !) ; garam- idem or 'm. fire '

(with genitive case) ; -- A1. to carry, hold, keep, preserve

; to show

(Aorist adadiṣṭa-; aded-fr. diś-

) : Causal dāpayati- (

; Aorist adīdapat-,

) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore

etc. ; to demand from (ablative)

; to cause to utter or speak

ghoṣaṇām-, to cause to be made known

; to cause to place or advance,

; to cause to perform,

to cause to be put on (locative case)

: Desiderative d/itsati- (

; parasmE-pada d/idāsat-

; d/itsat-,

; Potential tseyam-

; perfect tense 2. sg. didāsitha-

; confer, compare

) to wish to give, be ready to bestow

etc. ; to wish to give in marriage

etc.: Intensive dedīyate-

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin do;etc.])

दा

cl.4 P. dy/ati- (see ā--4. dā-), to bind, only in dīṣva-

([ see ]) .

द

equals d/at- see a-panna--, panna--

ददायुध

See d/at-.

दघ्

cl.5. (Potential ghnuyāt-; preceding 3. sg. ghyās-; Aorist subjunctive 1. plural ghma-) with paśc/ā-, or c/āt-, to fall short of (see /a-pascā-daghvan-)

; with adhas-, to reach below the regular height

; to strike

; to protect (see daṅgh-)

: cl.4. d/aghyati-, to go

; to flow

; see ati--, ā-- ; prad/aghas- ; .

दम्

m. p/atir d/an- (genitive case sg.) equals d/am-patis-,

दम्

m. p/ati d/an- equals d/am-patī-,

दमाय

Nom. (plural yantu-) to control one's self

; (p. y/at-) to subdue

दंष्ट्र

f. see /ayo--, aṣṭa--, aṣṭā--, c/atur--, tīkṣṇa--, bhagna--, raudra--, su--.

दंसुपत्नी

(d/aṃsu--) f. having a powerful lord (see

Va1rtt. 1

) , iv, 19, 7 and (d/aṃsu-p/at-),

दन्

d/anas- See d/at-, 2. and 1. dam-.

दन्त

m. (fr. &) equals d/at-

etc. (n.

; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',f(ā-).[

]orf(ī-).[

]

)

दानु

n. a fluid, drop, dew (nas p/atī- m.du, Name of mitra-- varuṇa- or of the aśvin-s

; see ārdr/a--, jīr/a--).

दशस्य

Nom. (fr. śas-= Latin decus; confer, compare dāś-and y/aśas-) y/ati- (Impv. y/ā-, ya-;p. y/at-), to render service, serve, worship, favour, oblige (with accusative)

; to accord, do favour to (dative case)

दत्त्रवत्

(d/att-) mfn. rich in gifts,

देवता

See dev/atā-.

देवय

Nom. P., only p., y/at-, loving or serving the gods, religious

(see /a--) ; divine or shining (?)

देवाय

Nom. P., only p. y/at- equals vay/at-, Maitr. and

धा

cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e-

etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[

]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-,

plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta-

; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[

], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare

] or dhattāt-

;2. plural dhatt/a-,

, dhattana-,

, d/adhāta-,

,or tana-,

[ confer, compare

]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e-

and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-,

or dhats/e-

dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate-

; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-,

[

]; Potential d/adhīta-

dadhīt/a-,

; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-,

or dadhiṣva-,

;2. plural dhaddhvam-[

]or dadhidhvam-

,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām-

; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te-

; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti-

; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta-

(pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur-

etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe-

;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-,

,or dhire-,

; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur-

etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana-

; 2. sg. dhāyīs-

; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare

];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu-

; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe-

;3. sg. ahita-, hita-

; subjunctive dh/ethe-

, dhaithe-,

; imperative dhiṣv/ā-,

; P. adhat-

; dhat-

; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha-

; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata-

; Potential dhiṣīya-

[

]; dheṣīya-

; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā-

etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum-

etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai-

;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā-

; hitvā-[

], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām-

: Passive voice dhīy/ate-

etc.[

] , p. dhīy/amāna-

; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi-

[

]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[

]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case)

etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case

,with genitive case

];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal

) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove)

; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-)

; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case)

etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share

) ; to appoint, establish, constitute

; to render (with double accusative)

; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute

etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes)

etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ])

; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo

: Causal -dhāpayati-

(See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- (

) , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case)

(Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present

; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-,

)

: with avady/am-, to bid defiance

(confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate-

[ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.]

धम्

or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te-

; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas-

; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire-

; Aorist adhmāsīt-

; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati-

; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya-

) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma-

]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument)

etc. ; to blow into (locative case)

; to breathe out, exhale

; to kindle a fire by blowing

; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing

etc. ; to blow or cast away

: Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- (

) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati-

(Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate-

) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder

: Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate-

; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell)

[ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"]

धारयत्कवि

(y/at-k-) mfn. supporting or cherishing sages

धारयत्क्षिति

(y/at-kṣ-) mfn. bearing or sustaining creatures

धातु

m. constituent part, ingredient (especially [ and in

only] in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',where often ="fold" exempli gratia, 'for example' tri-dh/ātu-,threefold etc.; see triviṣṭi--, sapta--, su--)

etc.

धे

cl.1 P. (

) dh/ayati-

etc. (perfect tense dadhau-,3. plural dh/ur-

; Aorist -adhāt-

; adhāsīt-or adadhat-

; preceding dheyāt-,

; future dhāsyati-

, dhātā- grammar; dative case infinitive mood dh/ātave-

; ind.p. dhītv/ā-and -dh/īya-

; -dhāya- grammar) to suck, drink, suck or drink in, take to one's self, absorb, appropriate

etc. etc.: Passive voice dhīyate- grammar : Causal dhāp/ayāte- (confer, compare

Va1rtt. 1

) to give suck, nourish

; ti-

(confer, compare anu-- dhe-) ; Aorist adīdhapat- grammar : Desiderative dhitsati-

: Intensive dedhīyate-, dādheti-, and dādhāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fe1-lare; Gothic dadd-jan; German ta1-an,ta1-jan.])

धी

f. notion, opinion, the taking for (compound)

etc. (y/athā dhiy/ā-or dhiy/ā n/a-,according to thy wisdom or will; itth/ā dhiy/ā-or dh/iyaḥ-,willingly literally such is thy will

)

धृ

cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (

; A1. Potential dhareran-

), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu-

]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e-

etc.; Aorist adhāram-

; adhṛta-, dhṛthās-

; /adīdharat-

etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta-

;3. plural rata-

]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati-

; ṣy/e-

; dhartā-

; infinitive mood dhartum-

, tavai-

[ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya-

) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo

etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive

etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist

etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case)

etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to)

; to present to (genitive case)

; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case)

; A1. to be ready or prepared for

; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case)

(confer, compare

) ; to prolong (in pronunciation)

; to quote, cite

; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-)

etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case)

(also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow

; (with raśmīn-[

] or praharān-[

]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty

; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow

etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control

; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance

; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly

; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure

etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember

; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact

(Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady

etc. ; continue living, exist, remain

etc. (also dhāryate-

) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood)

: Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate-

; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-)

: Intensive d/ardharti- (

) and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati-

; confer, compare

) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.]

ध्रै

cl.1 P. dhrāyati-, to be pleased or satisfied

; cl.2. etc. dhr/āti-, dhr/āti-, dhr/ayati- See dhr/a-.

धृष्

cl.5 P. dhṛṣṇ/oti-

etc. ; cl.1 P. dh/arṣati-

(parasmE-pada dhṛṣ/at-, ṣ/amāṇa-

; ṣāṇ/a-.

; perf. dadh/arṣa-

etc.;3. plural dādhṛṣur-

; subjunctive dadharṣat-, ṣati-, ṣīt-

; dadhṛṣate-, ṣanta-

; parasmE-pada dadhṛṣv/as-

; Aorist adhṛṣas-

, adhaṣiṣur-

; future dharṣiṣyati-, ṣitā- grammar; ind.p. -dhṛṣya-

; infinitive mood -dh/ṛṣas-, ṣi-

), to be bold or courageous or confident or proud

; to dare or venture (infinitive mood in tum-

) ; to dare to attack, treat with indignity (accusative)

; to surpass (?)

: Causal dharṣayati- (

; Aorist adīdhṛṣat-,or adadharṣat- grammar) to venture on attacking ; to offend, violate (a woman), overpower, overcome

: Desiderative didharṣiṣati-: Intensive darīdhṛṣyate- or darīdharṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend dareS; Greek , ; literally dristu; Gothic ga-dars, Anglo-Saxon dors-te, Engl. durs-t.])

धृषद्विन्

mfn. equals -ṣ/at-

ध्रु

cl.6 P. dhruv/ati- (

) to go ; to be firm or fixed (also cl.1 P. dhravati-

; parasmE-pada dhruvat-,knowing

; perf. dudhrāva-,be killed

)

धू

cl.5 P. A1. dhūn/oti-, nut/e-

; dhunoti-, nute-

etc. ; cl.6 P. (

) dhuvati-

(confer, compare ni--; Potential dhūvet-

) ; cl.9 P. A1. (

) Potential dhunīyāt-

; parasmE-pada A1. dhunāna-

; cl.1 P. (

) dhavati- ; cl.2 A1., 3. plural dhuvate- (dhunv/ate-?)

; parasmE-pada dhuvān/a-

(perfect tense dudhāva-

, dhuve-

; dudhuvīta-and dūdhot-

: Aorist adhūṣṭa-,3. plural ṣata-

; adhoṣṭa-, adhaviṣṭa-; adhauṣīt-, adhāvīt- grammar; future dhaviṣyati-, te-

etc.; dhoṣyati-, te-, dhotā-& dhavitā- grammar; ind.p. dhūtvā-

, -dh/ūya-

etc.; infinitive mood dhavitum- grammar) to shake, agitate, cause to tremble

etc. ; to shake down from (exempli gratia, 'for example' fruits [ accusative ] from a tree [ accusative ])

; (oftener A1.) to shake off, remove, liberate one's self from (accusative)

etc. ; to fan, kindle (a fire)

etc. ; to treat roughly, hurt, injure, destroy

; to strive against, resist

: Passive voice dhūy/ate-

etc. (parasmE-pada dhūyat-

): Causal dhāvayati- (

) and dhūnayati- (See dhūna-): Desiderative dudhūṣati-, te- grammar ; Intensive dodhavīti-

(parasmE-pada dodhuvat d/avidhvat-

) ; dodhūyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna-and yat-

; so shake or move violently (trans. and intr.) ; to shake off or down ; to fan or kindle. [ confer, compare dhav-and dhāv-; Greek , .]

दीक्ष्

(Desiderative of dakṣ-?) cl.1 A1. dīkṣate-

(perfect tense didīksk/e-; future dīkṣiṣy/ate-; Aorist adidīkṣas-and adīkṣiṣṭa-

; ind.p. dīkṣitvā-

) to consecrate or dedicate one's self (especially for the performance of the soma--sacrifice)

; to dedicate one's self to a monastic order

: Causal dīkṣayati-, te-, to consecrate, initiate

; perfect tense didīkṣur-

; to consecrate as a king

; to make ready, prepare

: Desiderative didīkṣiṣate-, to wish to be consecrated

दीप्

cl.4 A1. dīpyate- (dīpy/ate-

, dipyati-

perfect tense didīpe-

; future dīpiṣyate-, dīpitā-; Aorist adīpi-, adipiṣṭa- infinitive mood dipitum-

) to blaze, flare, shine, be luminous or illustrious

etc. ; glow, burn (also with anger

): Causal dip/ayati-, te- Aorist adīdipat- or adidipat- (

) to kindle, set on fire, inflame

; illuminate, make illustrious

etc. ; excite, rouse

: Desiderative didīpiṣate-: Intensive dedīpyate-, to blaze fiercely, shine intensely, be very bright

; parasmE-pada dedīpyantī-

दिश्

cl.3 P. d/ideṣṭi- (Imper. d/ideṣṭu-

; cl.6. diś/ati-, te-[later the only present tense stem]; perfect tense did/eśa-, didiś/e-; future dekṣyati-, te-[ deṣṭā-

]; Aorist adikṣat-

etc.; adikṣi-, /adiṣṭa-

; infinitive mood deṣṭum-

etc.; d/iśe-

) to point out, show, exhibit

; to produce, bring forward (as a witness in a court of justice)

; to promote, effect, accomplish

; to assign, grant, bestow upon (dative case

; genitive case

; locative case

) ; to pay (tribute)

; to order, command, bid (infinitive mood)

: Passive voice diśyate-

etc.: Causal deśayati-, te- ; Aorist adīdiśat-, to show, point out, assign

; to direct, order, command

; teach, communicate, tell, inform, confess

: Desiderative didikṣati-, te-, to wish to show etc.: Intensive d/ediṣṭe-, 3. plural śate-, (parasmE-pada f. plural śatīs-) to show, exhibit, manifest

; to order, command

: Passive voice dediśyate-, to show or approve one's self.

[ confer, compare Z.dis; Greek ; Latin di1co,in-dr2careetc.; Gothic teihan; O. E.te4on(fr.ti4han).]

दिय

n. diy/ānām p/ati- lord of gifts, a very liberal man.

दो

cl.2.4. P. dāti-

etc. ; dy/ati-

etc. (perfect tense 3 plural A1. -dadire-

; Aorist adāsīt-and adāt-

; preceding deyāt-,

; dāyāt-,

; -diṣīya-

; see ava-do-) to cut, divide, reap, mow

etc.: Passive voice dīyate-, prob. to be cast down or, dejected

: Desiderative ditsati-

: Intensive dedīyate-,

(see day-and 3. dā-).

दृ

cl.6 A1. driy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to respect, honour (

) ; occurring only with preposition ā- see ā-dri- ; Desiderative didariṣate-

द्रा

cl.2 P. dr/āti- (imperative dr/ātu-, dr/āntu-

; perfect tense dadrur-, parasmE-pada A1. dadrāṇ/a-

; Aorist adrāsīt-; subjunctive drāsat-

), to run, make haste: Causal drāpayati- (Desiderative of Causal d/idrāpayiṣati-)

; Aorist adidrapat-

: Intensive d/aridrāti-

; 3 plural daridrati-

; to run hither and thither ; to be in need or poor: Desiderative of Intensive didaridrāsati- and didaridriṣati-

Va1rtt. 2

[ confer, compare 2. dru-and dram-; Greek , .]

द्रै

or drā- (

) cl.1 P. A1. drāyati-, te- (confer, compare ni--) or cl.2 P. drāti- (perfect tense -dadrau-

; Aorist adrāsīt-

; future drāsy/ati-

) to sleep. [ confer, compare Greek , Latin dormio].

दृभ्

cl.6 P. dṛbh/ati- (

); 1. 10. P. darbhati- and darbhayati- (

) , to string or tie together, tie in a bunch.

दृश्

(Pres. forms supplied by paś- q.v; perfect tense P. dad/arśa-

etc. [2. sg. dadarśitha-and dadraṣṭha-

]; A1. dadṛś/e-

[ d/adṛśe-,3 plural dṛśre-

; śrire-

]; parasmE-pada P. dadṛśv/as-

; sivas-

; darśivas- q.v; A1. d/adṛśāna-

; future P. -drakṣy/ati-

etc.; A1. ṣyate-and future 2. draṣṭā-

; Aorist P. adarśam-, śas-, śat-,3 plural śur-

; 1 plural adarśma-

; adṛśma-

; subjunctive darśam-, śat-, śathas-

; A1.3 plural /adṛśran-

; śram-

; parasmE-pada dṛśān/a-or d/ṛśāna-[ confer, compare sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]

; P. dṛśan-,3 plural /adṛśan-

; Potential dṛś/eyam-

; śema-

; P. adrākṣit-and adrāk-

; A1.3 plural /adṛkṣata-; subjunctive 2 sg. d/ṛkṣase-

; infinitive mood dṛś/e-and driś/aye-

; dr/aṣṭum-

etc.; ind.p. dṛṣṭv/ā-

etc.[

also dṛśya-], ṭvāya-

; -d/ṛśya-

; -darśam-

) to see, behold, look at, regard, consider

etc. ; to see id est wait on, visit

; to see with the mind, learn, understand

etc. ; to notice, care for, look into, try, examine

; to see by divine intuition, think or find out, compose, contrive (hymns, rites, etc.)

: Passive voice dṛśy/ate- (Epic also ti-) Aorist ad/arśi-

etc. to be seen, become visible, appear

etc. ; to be shown or manifested, appear as (iva-), prove

etc.: Causal P. A1. darśayati-, te-

etc. ; Aorist adīdṛśat-

; adadarśat-

, to cause to see or be seen, to show a thing (A1. especially of something belonging to one's self) or person (P.and A1.with or scilicet ātmānam-,also one's self) , to (accusative

etc.; genitive case

etc.; dative case

etc.; instrumental case after A1.refl.

) ; to show = prove, demonstrate

etc. ; to produce (money) id est pay

; (a witness) ,

: Desiderative A1. didṛkṣate- (Epic also ti-) to wish to see, long for (accusative)

etc.: Desiderative of Causal didarśayiṣati-, to wish to show

; adidarśayiṣīt-

: Intensive darīdṛśyate-, to be always visible

; darīdarṣṭi- or dard-

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Gothic tarhjan.]

दुच्छुनाय

Nom. A1. y/ate-, to wish to harm, be evil disposed

दुह्

(originally dugh- see d/ughāna-, dugha-etc., and the initial dh-of some forms) cl.2 P.A1. dogdhi- ; dugdhe- or duh/e-

etc. (plural A1. duhat/e-,

; duhrate-,

; duhr/e-,

; imperfect tense P. /adhok-,

; duh/ur-

; A1. adugdha-[according to

Aorist ] plural aduhra-,i

sg. aduha- plural hra-

[ see

]; imperative dhukṣva-

sg. duh/ām-

; plural duhr/ām-, r/atām-

; dhuṅgdhvam-

; subjunctive dohat-[3 plural hān-

], hate-

; Potential duhīyat-

; y/an-,

; A1. hīta-,

; parasmE-pada P. duh/at- A1. duhān/a-, d/uhāna-,and d/ugh-

; cl.6 P. A1. duh/ati-, te-

etc.; cl.4. duhyati-, te-

; perfect tense dud/oha-[ hitha-

], duduh/e-,3 plural duduhur-[ dudūhur-

]

etc.; A1. duduhre-

[

hrire-]; future dhokṣyati-, te-

; Aorist /adhukṣat-, ṣata-[3 sg.

plural

], adukṣat-,

; dukṣata-,3 sg.

; imperative dhukṣ/asva-

; Potential dhukṣīm/ahi-

; infinitive mood dogdhum-

etc.; dogdhos-

; duh/adhyai-and doh/ase-

; ind.p. dugdhvā-

) to milk (a cow or an udder) figuratively take advantage of (see) , enjoy ; to milk or squeeze out, extract (milk, soma- exempli gratia, 'for example' any good thing) ; draw anything out of another thing (with 2 accusative)

etc. ; (mostly A1.) to give milk, yield any desired object (accusative,rarely genitive case)

etc. etc.: Passive voice duhy/ate- Aorist adohi- (

) to be milked, to be drawn or extracted from

etc.: Causal doh/ayati-, te- Aorist adūduhat- Passive voice dohy/ate-, to cause to milk or be milked ; to milk, milk out, extract

: Desiderative d/udukṣati- (

), dudhukṣati- (

see dudhukṣu-), to wish to milk.

दुरस्य

Nom. P. y/ati-, to wish to hurt or injure

दुर्हणाय

Nom. P., parasmE-pada y/at-, meditating harm

दुर्हृणाय

Nom. P., parasmE-pada y/at-, furious, enraged

(varia lectio for haṇ-

)

दुवस्य

Nom. P. y/ati-, to honour, worship, celebrate, reward

; give as a reward,

गा

cl.3 P. j/igāti- (

; jagāti-,

(varia lectio); subjunctive j/igāt-; imperative j/igātu-; Aorist agāt-;3. plural agan-

; subjunctive [1. sg. geṣam-See anu--and upa--],2. sg. g/ās-,3. sg. gāt-,2. plural gāt/a-,3. plural gur-;[ perf. jigāya-See ud--], perf. Potential jagāyāt-[

]

; infinitive mood g/ātave-

;in Class. Sanskrit only the Aorist P. agāt-occurs, for A1.See adhi--; Aorist Passive voice agāyi-, agāsātām-

; cl.2 P. g/āti-

; A1. gāte-

) to go, go towards, come, approach (with accusative or locative case)

etc. ; to go after, pursue

; to fall to one's (dative case) share, be one's (accusative) due,

; to come into any state or condition (accusative), undergo, obtain

etc. ; to go away (from ablative;to any place locative case)

; to come to an end

; to walk (on a path accusative or instrumental case)

; (jigāti-) to be born

: Desiderative jigīṣati-, to desire to go

; ([ confer, compare , ; Old German ga1m,ga1s,etc.; Gothic ga-tvo; English go.])

गदाय

Nom. A1. y/ate-,"to become sick", to become lazy or idle

गै

cl.1 P. g/āyati-, rarely A1. te- (1. sg. g/āye-[

] & gāyiṣe-[

]

etc.) , exceptionally cl.2. gāti- (

: cl.3 P. jigāti-

; perf. jagau-

etc.; Aorist agāsīt-; preceding geyāt-

; pr. p. P. g/āyat-

etc.; ind.p. gītvā-[with preposition -gāya-(

)

-g/īya-

etc.]; infinitive mood gātum-), to sing, speak or recite in a singing manner, sing to (dative case

), praise in song (with accusative), relate in metrical language

etc. ; to sing before (accusative)

: Passive voice gīy/ate- (parasmE-pada y/amāna-), to be sung or praised in song

etc. ; to be called

(perf. jage-), etc.: Causal gāpayati- (Potential 3. plural gāyayeyur-

), to cause to sing or praise in song

etc.: Intensive jegīyate- (

) , to sing

; to be sung or praised in song

; to be asserted obstinately

; ([ confer, compare 3. gā-; confer, compare also Lithuanian zaidziu.])

गम्

Ved. cl.1 P. g/amati- (

; subjunctive gamam-, g/amat-[ gamātas-, gamātha-

], gamāma-, gaman-

; Potential gam/ema-

; infinitive mood g/amadhyai-

) : cl.2 P. g/anti- (

; imperative 3. sg. gantu-,[2. sg. gadhi-See ā--,or gahi-See adhi--, abhy-ā--, ā--, upā--],2. plural g/antā-or gantana-

; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /agan-[

] , 1. plural /aganma-[

; confer, compare

] , 3. plural /agman-

; subjunctive [or Aorist subjunctive confer, compare

]1. plural ganma-,3. plural gm/an-

; Potential 2. sg. gamyās-

; preceding 3. sg. gamy/ās-

; pr. p. gm/at-,

) : cl.3 P. jaganti- (

; Potential jagamyām-, yāt-

; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. ajagan-,2. plural ajaganta-or tana-

) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1.

etc.) , with substitution of gacch- ([= ]) for gam-, g/acchati- (confer, compare

; subjunctive gācchāti-

;2. sg. gacchās-[

] or gacchāsi-[

];2. plural gacchāta-

;3. plural g/acchān-

; imperfect tense /agacchat-; Potential gacchet-; pr. p. g/acchat-

etc.; Aorist agamat-

;for A1.with prepositions confer, compare

future gamiṣyati-

etc.; 1st future g/antā-[

]

etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā-[

],3. sg. jagāma-,2. dual number jagmathur-,3. plural jagm/ur-

etc.; parasmE-pada jaganv/as-[

etc.] or jagmivas-

f. jagm/uṣī-

etc.;Ved. infinitive mood g/antave-, g/antav/ai-;Class. infinitive mood gantum-:Ved. ind.p. gatvāya-, gatv/ī-;Class. ind.p. gatv/ā-[

etc.] , with prepositions -gamya-or -gatya-

) to go, move, go away, set out, come

etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with accusative or locative case or dative case [

; confer, compare

] or prati-[

])

etc. ; to go or pass (as time exempli gratia, 'for example' kāle gacchati-,time going on, in the course of time)

; to fall to the share of (accusative)

etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack

; to decease, die

; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (accusative)

etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (exempli gratia, 'for example' mitratāṃ gacchati-,"he goes to friendship" id est he becomes friendly)

etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṃ-gam-,"to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down

; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-gam-,"to go to the earth with the head", make a bow

; m/anasā-gam-, to go with the mind, observe, perceive

; (without m/anasā-) to observe, understand, guess

; (especially Passive voice gamyate-,"to be understood or meant")

and

; doṣeṇa- or doṣato-gam-, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (accusative)

: Causal gamayati- (

; imperative 2. sg. Ved. gamayā-or gāmaya-[

] , 3. sg. gamayatāt-

; perf. gamay/āṃ cakāra-

etc.) to cause to go (

) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dative case

), bring to a place (accusative [

] or locative case)

etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become

etc. ; to impart, grant

; to send away

; "to let go", not care about

; to excel

; to spend time

etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain

; to convey an idea or meaning, denote

; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (accusative) to go by means of jigamiśati- another

: Desiderative j/igamiṣati- (

jigāṃsate-

; imperfect tense ajigāṃsat-

) to wish to go, be going

; to strive to obtain

; to wish to bring (to light, prak/āśam-)

: Intensive j/aṅganti- (

), jaṅgamīti- or jaṅgamyate- (

), to visit

(parasmE-pada g/anigmat-)

(imperfect tense aganīgan-) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic qvam; English come; Latin venioforgvemio.])

गत्

gat/a-, g/ati-, etc. See gam-.

गातुय

Nom. P. (imperative 2. sg. yā-: pr. p. y/at-;3. plural gātūy/anti-, pada-pāṭha- gātuy-) to wish to obtain or to procure free progress

गवाम्पति

m. (g/avām p/ati-

)"cow-lord" , a bull

गव्य

Nom. P. vyati-, to desire cattle or cows

; See gavy/at-.

गायत्र

mf(ī-)n. the gāyatrī- (id est

; t/at savit/ur v/areṇyam bh/argo dev/asya dhīmahi dh/iyo y/o naḥ pracod/ayāt-

etc.;this is a very sacred verse repeated by every Brahman at his morning and evening devotions;from being addressed to savitṛ- or the Sun as generator, it is also called sāvitrī-; see

;the gāyatrī- verse is personified as a goddess, the wife of brahmā- and mother of the four veda-s

;it is often mentioned in connection with the amṛta-, both together constituting as it were the essence and type of sacred hymns in general

;the gāyatrī- personified is also considered as the mother of the first three classes in their capacity of twice-born

; see

;some other verse [perhaps

] is denoted by gāyatrī-

;with tāntrika-s a number of mystical verses are called gāyatrī-s, and each deity has one in particular)

घस्

not used in proper (cl.1. ghasati-

), but supplies certain tenses (especially Aorist and Desiderative

) of ad- (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /aghas-

; aghās-(?)

;3. sg. aghat-, aghasat-[?

], ajīghasat-[

];3. plural /akṣan-

; aghasan-

[

];2. dual number /aghastām-;2. plural aghasta-; subjunctive 2. sg. gh/asas-,3. sg. sat-

;3. plural kṣan-,

; imperative 3. dual number gh/astām-; perfect tense jagh/āsa-

etc.;3. plural jakṣur-

; Potential jakṣīy/āt-

; parasmE-pada jakṣiv/as-

; f. kṣ/uṣī-

) , to consume or devour, eat: Desiderative j/ighatsati- (see

), to wish to consume or devour, wish to eat

(see jakṣ-.)

गोपाय

Nom. P. (fr. go-p/ā-; see gup-) y/ati- (see

; Aorist agopāyīt-

), to represent a cowherd, act like a herdsman

; to guard, protect, preserve

etc. ; to hide, conceal

(Passive voice gopāyyate-)

: Causal gopāyayati-, to preserve, protect

(see abhi--, pari--.)

गोपी

f. Abrus precatorius

(see ahi--, indra--, kula--, tridaśa--, v/āta--, surendra--.)

गॄ

cl.9 P. A1. gṛṇ/āti-, ṇīt/e- (1. sg. A1.and 3. sg. Passive voice gṛṇ/e-

;1. sg. A1. gṛṇīṣ/e-

;2. plural gṛṇ/atā-

; parasmE-pada P. gṛṇ/at-

etc.; A1.& Passive voice gṛṇān/a-

;Ved. infinitive mood imperative gṛṇīṣ/aṇi-

), to call, call out to, invoke

; to announce, proclaim

; to mention with praise, praise, extol

; to pronounce, recite

; to relate, teach in verses,

; ([ confer, compare , ; Hibernian or Irish goirim; Old German quar,quir,etc.; Old Pruss.gerbu,"to speak"; Anglo-Saxon gale; German Nachtigal; Latin gallus?])

ग्रह्

([

in a few passages only

etc.]) or grabh- ([

;rarely

]) cl.9 P. gṛbhṇāti- gṛhṇ/āti- (also A1. gṛhṇīte-,irreg. gṛhṇate-

;3. plural gṛbhṇate-

; imperative 2. sg. gṛhāṇ/a-,[ ṇ/ā-, saṃhitā-pāṭha-, parasmE-pada Passive voice Nominal verb plural n.

]

etc.; gṛbhṇān/a-& gṛhṇ-[Ved.]; gṛhṇa-

; -gṛhṇāhi-, -gṛbhṇīhi-See prati-grabh-; A1. gṛbhṇīṣva-[

] or gṛhṇ-;3. sg. P. gṛhṇītāt-;Ved. imperative gṛbhāy/a-etc.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ya- confer, compare gṛhaya-; perf. jagrāha-

etc.;1. sg. gr/abhā-

; gṛbhm/a-

; A1. gṛhe-,

;3. plural gṛbhr/e-& gṛbhrir/e-

; P. Potential gṛbhyāt-,

; parasmE-pada gṛbhv/as-,

; future 2nd grahīṣyati-, te-

etc.[ confer, compare

];sometimes wrongly spelt gṛh-

; grahiṣy-

; Conditional agrahaiṣyat-

; future 1st grahītā-

; Aorist agrabham-

; bhīt-

etc.; hīt-[

]

etc.; -/ajagrabhīt-etc.See saṃ-grah-; subjunctive 2. plural grabhīṣṭa-

; A1. agrahīṣṭa-

; aghṛkṣata-

[not in

];Ved. 3. plural agṛbhran-[

] and agṛbhīṣata-; ind.p. gṛbhītv/ā-

; gṛhītv/ā-,

; grahāya-

; infinitive mood grahītum-[

etc.; confer, compare

;wrongly spelt gṛh-

]; Passive voice gṛhyate-[ future 1st grahītā-or grāhitā- future 2nd grahīṣyate-or grāhiṣy- Aorist agrāhi-,3. dual number agrahīṣātām-or agrāhiṣ-

];Ved. subjunctive 3. plural gṛhyāntai-

;Ved. Passive voice 3. sg. gṛhate-[

]or gṛhe-[

] or gṛhaye-[

; confer, compare gṛhaya-]; subjunctive 1. plural gṛhāmahi-

; Potential gṛhīta-

) to seize, take (by the hand, pāṇau-or kare-,exceptionally pāṇim-(double accusative)

; confer, compare

), grasp, lay hold of (exempli gratia, 'for example' pakṣaṃ-,to take a side, adopt a party

; pāṇim-,"to take by the hand in the marriage ceremony", marry

etc.)

etc. ; to arrest, stop

; to catch, take captive, take prisoner, capture, imprison

etc. ; to take possession of, gain over, captivate

; to seize, overpower (especially said of diseases and demons and the punishments of varuṇa-)

etc. ; to eclipse

; to abstract, take away (by robbery)

; to lay the hand on, claim

; to gain, win, obtain, receive, accept (from ablative,rarely genitive case), keep

etc. (with double accusative

) ; to acquire by purchase (with instrumental case of the price)

etc. ; to choose

; to choose any one (accusative) as a wife ; to take up (a fluid with any small vessel), draw water

; to pluck, pick, gather

; to collect a store of anything

; to use, put on (clothes)

i etc. ; to assume (a shape)

; to place upon (instrumental case or locative case)

; to include

; to take on one's self, undertake, undergo, begin

etc. ; to receive hospitably (a guest), take back (a divorced wife)

; "to take into the mouth", mention, name

etc. ; to perceive (with the organs of sense or with m/anas-), observe, recognise

etc. ; (in astronomy) to observe

; to receive into the mind, apprehend, understand, learn

; (in astronomy) to calculate

; to accept, admit, approve

; to obey, follow

; to take for, consider as

etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant by (instrumental case)

and Scholiast or Commentator : Causal grāhayati-, to cause to take or seize or lay hold of

; to cause to take (by the hand[ pāṇim-]in the marriage ceremony)

; to cause to marry, give away a girl (accusative) in marriage to any one (accusative)

; to cause any one to be captured

; to cause any one to be seized or overpowered (as by varuṇa-'s punishments or death etc.)

; to cause to be taken away

; to make any one take, deliver anything (accusative) over to any one (accusative; exempli gratia, 'for example' āsanam-with accusative"to cause to take a seat, bid any one to sit down"

)

; to make any one choose

(Aorist ajigrahat-) ; to make any one learn, make acquainted or familiar with (accusative)

etc.: Desiderative jighṛkṣati- (confer, compare

), also te-, to be about to seize or take

; to be about to eclipse

; to be about to take away

; to desire to perceive (with the organs of sense), strive to apprehend or recognise

: Intensive jarīgṛhyate-

; ([ confer, compare Zend gerep,geurv; Gothic greipa; German greife; Lithuanian gre1bju; Slavonic or Slavonian grablju1; Hibernian or Irish grabaim,"I devour, stop."])

ग्रन्थ्

or grath- cl.9 P. grathn/āti- (future parasmE-pada granthiṣyat-

; perf. 3. plural jagranthur-or grethur-

; ind.p. granthitvā-or grath-,

), to fasten, tie or string together, arrange, connect in a regular series

; to string words together, compose (a literary work)

: cl.1 P. A1. grathati-, te-

(varia lectio) ; P. granthati-,

; A1. granthate- (Aorist agranthiṣṭa-), to be strung together or composed (a literary work),

: Causal P. A1. granthayati-, te-, to string together

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin glut-en?])

ग्रथ्

or granth- cl.9 P. grathn/āti- (future parasmE-pada granthiṣyat-

; perf. 3. plural jagranthur-or grethur-

; ind.p. granthitvā-or grath-,

), to fasten, tie or string together, arrange, connect in a regular series

; to string words together, compose (a literary work)

: cl.1 P. A1. grathati-, te-

(varia lectio) ; P. granthati-,

; A1. granthate- (Aorist agranthiṣṭa-), to be strung together or composed (a literary work),

: Causal P. A1. granthayati-, te-, to string together

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin glut-en?])

गृभाय

Nom. P. y/ati- (see

vArttika;only imperative y/a-and y/ata-; see anu--, ā-saṃ--, ud--, prati--, saṃ--, sam-ā-grah-;fr. gṛbhāya-are to be derived the forms of grah-(q.v)beginning with gṛbhī-, grabhī-, gṛhī-, grahī-), to grasp, seize

गुण

m. the string of a musical instrument, chord

: in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' (f(ā-).) with numerals"fold, times" (See c/atur--, tri--, daśa--, dv/i--, pañca--;rarely the numeral stands by itself along with guṇ/a-[ exempli gratia, 'for example' viśiṣṭo daśabhir guṇaiḥ-,"of ten times higher value"

]

;[ guṇa- equals bhāga-]

)

हा

cl.3 P. (

) j/ahāti- (rarely cl.1. jahati-3. dual number jahltaḥ- imperative jah/ihi-[or jahāhi-

]; jahītāt-

; Potential jahyāt-

etc.; perfect tense jahau-, jah/uḥ-

etc.; jahe-

; Aorist ahāt-

etc.; ahāsīt- grammar;3. sg. ahās-

; /ahāsi-

; hāsiṣṭa-

,; future hātā- grammar; hāsyati-, te-

etc., jahiṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood hātum-

; ind.p. hitv/ā-.[ q.v ]

etc.; hitv/ī- tv/āya-

; -hītvā- grammar; -h/āya-

, h/īyam-

), to leave, abandon, desert, quit, forsake, relinquish (with śarīram-, deham-, prāṇān-, asūn-, jīvitam-etc. - "to die")

etc., etc. ; to discharge, emit

; to put away, take off, remove, lay aside, give up, renounce, resign, avoid, shun, abstain or refrain from

etc. ; to disregard, neglect

; to lose, be deprived of.

; to get rid of. escape from

etc. ; to cause to emit (with śardham-,"to cause to break wind")

: Passive voice hīy/ate- or h/īyate- (Epic also hīyati-; Aorist ahāyi-), to be left or abandoned or deserted etc. ; to be left behind, fall short of (ablative)

etc. ; to be excluded from or bereft of (ablative or instrumental case;with prāṇaiḥ-,"to die")

etc. ; to be overtaken by (instrumental case)

; to be deficient or wanting, suffer loss or injury, fail (also in a lawsuit), decrease, wane, decline, come to an end

etc. ; to weigh less (at the ordeal of the balance)

; to be given up or avoided

(varia lectio) ; to be subtracted

; to become detached from (with ablative or instrumental case), fall out (as hair)

: Causal hāpayati- (mc. also te- Aorist ajīhapat-; -jīhipaḥ-

), to cause to leave or abandon etc. ; to omit, neglect

etc. ; to fall short of. be wanting in (accusative)

; to give up (asūn-,"life")

; to lose (kālam-,"time")

; to abandon (pratijñām-,"a thesis")

: Desiderative jihāsati-, to wish to leave or abandon

; to wish to reject or disdain

; to wish to escape

: Intensive jehīyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti- grammar

हन्

cl.2 P. (

) hanti- (3. dual number hat/aḥ-,3. plural ghnanti-;rarely A1. hate-,3. plural ghnate-;and cl.1. hanati-, Vedic or Veda also jighnate-, ti-; Potential hanyāt-

also h/anīta-, ghnīta-; imperative jah/i-

handh/i-; imperfect tense /ahan-, Vedic or Veda and Epic also ahanat-, ahanan-, aghnanta-; parasmE-pada jaghnat-, ghnamāna-

; perfect tense jagh/āna-, jaghn/uḥ-

Epic also jaghne-, nire- subjunctive jagh/anat-

; parasmE-pada jaghniv/as-, Vedic or Veda also jaghanvas-; Aorist ahānīt-

[ confer, compare vadh-]; future hantā-

; haṃsyati-

; haniṣy/ati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood h/antum-,Ved. also h/antave-, tav/ai-, toḥ-; ind.p. hatv/ā-,Ved. also tv/ī-, tvāya-, -hatya-; -hanya-

; -gh/ātam-

etc.) , to strike, beat (also a drum) , pound, hammer (accusative), strike etc. upon (locative case)

etc. ; to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy

; to put to death, cause to be executed

; to strike off

; to ward off, avert

; to hurt, wound (the heart)

; to hurl (a dart) upon (genitive case)

; (in astronomy) to touch, come into contact

; to obstruct, hinder

; to repress, give up, abandon (anger, sorrow etc.)

; (?) to go, move

: Passive voice hany/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avadhi-or aghāni-), to be struck or killed

etc. etc.: Causal ghātayati-, te- (properly a Nom.fr. ghāta- q.v; Aorist ajīghatat-or ajīghanat-), to cause to be slain or killed, kill, slay, put to death, punish

etc. ; to notify a person's death (kaṃsaṃ ghātayati- equals kaṃsa-vadham ācaṣṭe-)

Va1rtt. 6

; to mar, destroy

(varia lectio): Desiderative j/ighāṃsati-, te- (Potential jighāṃsīyat-

; imperfect tense ajighāṃsīḥ-

), to wish to kill or destroy

etc. etc.: Intensive j/aṅghanti- (

; parasmE-pada jaṅghanat-, j/aṅghnat-or gh/anighnat-), jaṅghanyate- (with pass. sense

), jeghnīyate- (

) , to strike = tread upon (locative case or accusative)

; to slay, kill

; to dispel (darkness) , destroy (evil, harm)

; to hurt, injure, wound

[ confer, compare Greek , ; , ; Latin de-fendere,of-fendere; Lit.genu,gi4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian gu8nati.]

हर्य्

cl.1 P. (

) hary/ati- (rarelyA. te-; pr. p. P. h/aryat-,or hary/at-[see below]A. h/aryamāṇa-), to like, delight in, be fond of or pleased with, yearn after, long for (accusative or locative case)

; to go

; to threaten

: Intensive jāharyīti-, jāharti-, jāharyati-

[ confer, compare Greek .]

हि

(see hay-) cl.5 P. (

) hin/oti- (Vedic or Veda also hinut/e-, h/invati-and hinv/ati-, te-; parasmE-pada hinvān/a-[with act. and pass. sense]

; h/ayat-

: sg. hiṣe-

; perfect tense jighāya-, jighyuḥ-

etc.; jighye-[with pass. sense]

; Aorist /ahema- /ahema-, ahyan-, heta- parasmE-pada hiyān/a-[with pass. sense]

; ahyam-[?], /ahait-

; ahaiṣīt-

; aheṣata-

; future hetā- grammar; heṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood -hy/e-

), to send forth, set in motion, impel, urge on, hasten on (A1.also intrans.)

; to stimulate or incite to (dative case)

; to assist or help to (dative case)

; to discharge, hurl, cast, shoot

; to convey, bring, procure

; to forsake, abandon, get rid of

; (hinvati-) to gladden, delight

: Passive voice hīyate- (Aorist ahāyi-) grammar : Causal hāyuyati- (Aorist ajīhayat-)

: Desiderative of Causal jihāpayiṣati-

: Desiderative jighīṣati-

: Intensive jeghīyate-, jeghayīti-, jegheti-

हृ

cl.1 P. A1. (

) h/arati-, te- (once in

harmi-,and once in Scholiast or Commentator on

-jiharti-; perfect tense P. jahāra-, jah/artha-, jahruḥ-[ -jaharuḥ-?]

etc.; A1. jahre-

etc.; Aorist ahār-, ahṛthās-

; ahārṣīt-

etc. etc.; 3. plural A1. ahṛṣata-

; preceding hriyāt-, hṛṣīṣṭa- grammar; future hartā-

etc.; hariṣyati-, te-

; Conditional ahariṣyat-

; infinitive mood h/artum-, tos-, tave-, tav/ai-

; haritum-

; ind.p. hṛtvā-, -h/āram-

etc.; -h/ṛtya-

etc.), to take, bear, carry in or on (with instrumental case), carry, convey, fetch, bring

etc. ; to offer, present (especially with balim-)

etc. ; to take away, carry off, seize, deprive of, steal, rob

; to shoot or cut or hew off, sever (the head or a limb)

etc. ; to remove, destroy, dispel, frustrate, annihilate

; to turn away, avert (the face)

; A1. (older and more correct than P.), to take to one's self, appropriate (in a legitimate way), come into possession of (accusative), receive (as an heir), raise (tribute), marry (a girl)

etc. ; to master, overpower, subdue, conquer, win, win over (also by bribing)

etc. ; to outdo, eclipse, surpass

; to enrapture, charm, fascinate

etc. ; to withhold, withdraw, keep back, retain

etc. ; to protract, delay (with kālam-,"to gain time")

; (in arithmetic) to divide

: Passive voice hriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist ahāri-), to be taken or seized etc.

etc. etc.: Causal hārayati-, te- (Aorist ajīharat-; Passive voice hāryate-), to cause to be taken or carried or conveyed or brought by (instrumental case or accusative; confer, compare

) or to (dative case)

etc. ; to cause to be taken away, appropriate, seize, rob

; to have taken from one's self, be deprived of, lose (especially at play)

; (harayate-) See pra-hṛ- ; (hārāpayati-), to lose (at play)

: Desiderative j/ihīrṣati-, te- (confer, compare jihīrṣā-, ṣu-), to wish to take to one's self or appropriate, covet, desire, long for

etc. ; (with kālam-), to wish to gain time

: Intensive jehrīyate-; jarharīti-, jarīharīti-, jarharti-, jarīharti- (confer, compare saṃ-hṛ-) grammar ([ confer, compare Greek .])

हु

cl.3 P. (

) juh/oti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. juhut/e-3. plural proper j/uh-3. plural proper j/uhvati-, te-

etc.;2. sg. imperative juhudh/i-

etc.; hoṣi-

; parasmE-pada P. j/uhvat-; A1. j/uhvāna-[also with pass. sense];3. plural imperfect tense /ajuhavuḥ-

; perfect tense P. juhāva-, juhuvuḥ-

; A1. juhuve-

; juhv/e-, juhur/e-

; juhvire-

; juhavāṃ-cakāra-

; juhavām-āsa-

; Aorist ahauṣīt-

etc.; preceding hūyāt- grammar; future hotā-

; hoṣy/ati-, te-

etc.; Conditional ahoṣyat-

; infinitive mood h/otum-, tos-, tav/ai-,and ind.p. hutvā-

etc.) , to sacrifice (especially pour butter into the fire) , offer or present an oblation (accusative or genitive case) to (dative case) or in (locative case), sacrifice to, worship or honour (accusative) with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to sprinkle on (locative case)

; to eat

: Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-), to be offered or sacrificed

etc. etc.: Causal hāvayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-), to cause to sacrifice or to be sacrificed or to be honoured with sacrifice

etc.: Desiderative juhūṣati-, to wish to sacrifice

: Intensive johavīti- (imperfect tense ajohavīt-or ajuhavīt-

), johūyate-, johoti- (grammar), to offer oblations repeatedly or abundantly. [ confer, compare Greek in (for) , , ; Latin fu1tis,"water-pot."]

ह्वे

cl.1 P. A1. (

) hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve-

; hvāmahe-

; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi-

; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense]

; hvayāna-

; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ-

etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e-

; juhuve-, huhurire-

; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre-

; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta-

]

etc. etc.; ahvi-

; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata-

; ahvāsīt-[?]

; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te-

; hvāsyate-

; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight")

etc. ; to emulate, vie with

: Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc.

: Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case)

: Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna-

) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .]

इ

cl.2 P. /eti- (imperative 2. sg. ih/i-) and 1. P. A1. /ayati-, ayate- ([ confer, compare ay-]), (perfect tense iyāya-[2. sg. iy/atha-

, and iy/etha-

] future eṣyati-; Aorist aiṣīt-; infinitive mood etum-, /etave-

and

, /etav/ai-

/etos-

ity/ai-

) to go, walk ; to flow ; to blow ; to advance, spread, get about ; to go to or towards (with accusative), come

etc. ; to go away, escape, pass, retire

; to arise from, come from

; to return (in this sense only future)

; (with punar-) to come back again, return

etc. ; to succeed

; to arrive at, reach, obtain

etc. ; to fall into, come to ; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (confer, compare ita-) ; to undertake anything (with accusative) ; to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a participle or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti-,"the asura-s and Rakshases are being continually crushed"

; gavāmayaneneyuḥ-,"they, were engaged in the [festival called] gavāmayana-"

) ; to appear, be

: Intensive A1. /īyate- (

; parasmE-pada iyān/a-

; infinitive mood iy/adhyai-

) to go quickly or repeatedly ; to come, wander, run, spread, get about

; to appear, make one's appearance

; to approach any one with requests (with two accusative), ask, request

: Passive voice /īyate-, to be asked or requested

: Causal āyayati-, to cause to go or escape

; ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin e-o,i1-mus,i-ter,etc.; Lithuanian ei-mi4,"I go"; Slavonic or Slavonian i-du7,"I go",i-ti,"to go"; Gothic i-ddja,"I went."])

इद्

ind. indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, exempli gratia, 'for example' y/athā v/aśanti dev/ās t/ah/ed asat-,as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be

; d/ipsanta /id rip/avo n/āha debhuḥ-,the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt

). id- is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (exempli gratia, 'for example' viśva it-,every one indeed; śaśvad it-,constantly indeed; eka it-,one only) . At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (exempli gratia, 'for example' tvam it-,thou indeed; yadi it-,if indeed, etc.) id- occurs often in the ṛg-- veda- and atharva-- veda-, seldom in the brāhmaṇa-s, and its place is taken in classical Sanskrit by eva- and other particles.

इन्ध्

cl.7 A1. inddh/e-, indhāṃ-cakre- or īdh/e-, indhiṣyate-, aindhiṣṭa-, indhitum-, to kindle, light, set on fire

etc. (parasmE-pada /indhāna-

,kindling, lighting; /idhāna-

,kindled, lighted, flaming): Passive voice idhy/ate-, to be lighted ; to blaze, flame

; ([of. Greek , ; , Latin oes-tus,oes-tas; Old. German eit,"fire."])

इरस्य

Nom. P. irasy/ati-, to show enmity to, be angry or envious

; ([ confer, compare Latin ira,irasci.])

इष्

cl.1 P. eṣati- (See anu--1. iṣ-and pari--1. iṣ-) A1. eṣate-, to seek, search

: cl.4 P. /iṣyati- and 9. P. A1. iṣṇ/āti- (parasmE-pada iṣṇ/at-

iṣṇān/a-

; perfect tense 3. plural īṣus-

īṣir/e-

; aiṣīt-; infinitive mood iṣ/adhyai-

) to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing

; to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge ; to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim

; to impel, incite, animate, promote

इष्

cl.6 P., Epic and Vedic or Veda also A1. ic-ch/ati- (subjunctive icchāt-

), icchate- (

; imperfect tense aicchat-, iyeṣa-and īṣe-, eṣiṣyate-, aiṣīt-, eṣitum-or eṣṭum-), to endeavour to obtain, strive, seek for

; to endeavour to make favourable ; to desire, wish, long for, request ; to wish or be about to do anything, intend

etc. ; to strive to obtain anything (accusative) from any one (ablative or locative case) ; to expect or ask anything from any one

etc. ; to assent, be favourable, concede

; to choose

; to acknowledge, maintain, regard, think

commentator or commentary Passive voice iṣyate-, to be wished or liked ; to be wanted

etc. ; to be asked or requested ; to be prescribed or ordered

; to be approved or acknowledged ; to be accepted or regarded as

etc. ; to be worth ; to be wanted as a desideratum See 2. iṣṭi-: Causal eṣayati-, (in surgery) to probe

: Desiderative eṣiṣiṣati- ; [with iṣ- confer, compare Old German eisco7m,"I ask"; modern German heische; Anglo-Saxon a4sciani confer, compare also Greek , ; Lithuanian je0sko4ti; Russian iskate,"to seek."]

इषण्य

Nom. P. iṣaṇyati- (parasmE-pada iṣaṇy/at-

) to cause to make haste, excite, drive

इषुध्य

Nom. P. iṣudhy/ati-, to implore, request, crave for (dative case)

; ([ confer, compare Zend iṣud-,"prayer"; iṣūidyāmahi-,"we will pray."])

इट्

cl.1 P. eṭati-, eṭitum- (

) , to go ; to go to or towards ; (parasmE-pada iṭ/at-

) to make haste ; to err ([

])

जभ्

or jambh- (cl.1. jabhate-or jambh-

; Aorist subjunctive jambhiṣat-) to snap at (genitive case)

: Causal jambh/ayati- (parasmE-pada yat-) to crush, destroy

: Intensive jañjabhy/ate- (and bhīti-

; parasmE-pada bhy/amāna-[

], bhāna-[

], bhat-[

]) opening the jaws wide, snapping at (implying blame

) see abhi-- and jrimbh-.

जगत्पति

m. the lord of the world

(tas p/ati-

)

जग्ध

n. see apa--, nṛ--, pari--, pr/ati--, vi--, saraṃga--.

जागृ

cl.2. garti- (confer, compare

; cl.1. garati-

sg. irregular gṛmi-,

;3. plural j/āgrati-

etc.[

]; imperative gṛh/i-, gṛtāt-, gṛtam-, gṛt/a-; subjunctive garat-; Potential gṛyāt-,or griy-

; imperfect tense /ajāgar-[

] ; parasmE-pada j/āgrat-; rarely A1. jāgramāṇa-

; perfect tense Vedic or Veda jāg/āra-[

] , 1. sg. g/ara-[

], parasmE-pada gṛv/as-[see sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]; perfect tense class.[

] jajāgāra-or jāgaraṃ-cakāra-; future 2nd jāgriṣy/ati-

etc.[A1.

]; future 1st ritā-

Va1rtt. 1

; Aorist ajāgarīt-,

; Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally ajagāri-,

; preceding jāgaryāt-,

) to be awake or watchful

etc. ; to awake

; to watch over, be attentive to or intent on, care for, provide, superintend (with locative case or locative case with /adhi-)

etc. (with accusative

) ; (said of fire) to go on burning

; to be evident

; to look on

: Causal (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /ajīgar- imperative jigṛt/am-, t/a-) to awaken

; jāgarayati-, (

; Aorist Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally añāgari-or gāri-

) idem or 'n. saffron '

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin vi1gilo.])

जैवातृक

mfn. (see jīv/ātu-) long-lived, one for whom long life is desired

(vocative case)

जानन्ति

m. (fr. jān/at-) Name of a teacher

जनीय

Nom. (p. y/at-) equals niya-

(see

)

जातृ

j/ātya- See jāt/a-.

जातु

ind. some day, once, once upon a time

(also with cid-following) . naj/ātu-, not at all, by no means, never

etc. (also with cid-following).

जातूभर्मन्

etc. See j/ātu-.

जि

cl.1. j/ayati-, te- (imperfect tense /ajayat-; Aorist ajaiṣīt-,Ved. /ajais-,1. plural /ajaiṣma-, j/eṣma-,2. sg. jes-and A1. j/eṣi- subjunctive j/eṣat-, ṣas-, ṣāma-

; Aorist A1. ajeṣṭa-; future 1st. j/etā-

etc.; future

jeṣy/ati-,

; perfect tense jig/āya-[

], jigetha-, jigyur-; parasmE-pada jigīv/as-[ giv/as-

; accusative plural gy/uṣas-]

etc.; infinitive mood jiṣ/e-,

; j/etave-

; Classical jetum-: Passive voice jīyate-, ajīyata-[

], ajāyi-, jāyiṣyate-;for j/īyate-and cl.9. jin/āti-See jyā-) to win or acquire (by conquest or in gambling), conquer (in battle), vanquish (in a game or lawsuit), defeat, excel, surpass

etc. (with p/unar-,"to reconquer"

) ; to conquer (the passions), overcome or remove (any desire or difficulties or diseases)

etc. ; to expel from (ablative)

; to win anything (accusative) from (accusative), vanquish anyone (accusative) in a game (accusative)

; to be victorious, gain the upper hand

; often proper in the sense of an imperative "long live!""glory to"

etc.: Causal jāpayati- (

) to cause to win

; (Aorist 2. pl, /ajījipata-and /ajījap-)

; to conquer

(Aorist ajījayat-): Passive voice jāpyate-, to be made to conquer

: Desiderative j/igīṣati-, te- (

; parasmE-pada ṣat-, ṣamāṇa-) to wish to win or obtain or conquer or excel

etc. ; (A1.) to seek for prey

: Intensive jejīyate-

जिन्व्

cl.1 P. j/invati- (rarely A1.

and [1. sg. nv/e-]

; imperative nvatāt-

; parasmE-pada nvat-; perfect tense 3. dual number jijinv/athur-) to move one's self, be active or lively (

)

; to urge on, cause to move quickly, impel, incite

; to refresh, animate

; to promote, help, favour

; to help any one (accusative) to anything (dative case)

; to receive favourably (prayers or acts of devotion)

: Causal (jinvayati-) varia lectio for juñc- q.v ; see ā--, pra--, and upa-pra--.

जीव्

cl.1. j/īvati- (Epic also A1.; subjunctive vāti-

; vāt-

; parasmE-pada j/īvat-; Aorist ajivīt-; jīvīt-

; perfect tense jijīva-; future jīviṣy/ati-; preceding vy/āsam-, vyāsma-

; infinitive mood j/īvitum-,

etc.;Ved. vāse-

; j/īvitavaī-.

) to live, be or remain alive

etc. ; to revive

; (with punar-)

; to live by (instrumental case;exceptionally locative case,

)

etc.: Causal jīv/ayati- (Epic also A1.; Aorist aījijvat-or ajijīv-

) to make alive, restore to life, vivify

etc. ; to support life, keep alive

etc. ; to nourish, bring up,

; to shout" jīva- " (id est long live!)

; jīvāpayati- (confer, compare pita-) to restore to life

: Desiderative jijīviṣati- (A1.

) to wish to live

etc. ; to seek a livelihood, wish to live by (instrumental case)

; j/ujyūṣati- idem or 'm. equals jīna- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. jyā-.'

; confer, compare jijyūṣita-; ([ confer, compare Latin vivo; Lithuanian gIve1nu.])

ज्ञा

cl.9 P.A1. jān/āti-, nit/e- (see

; subjunctive nat-; imperative nītat-,2. sg. nīh/i-,once irregular jña-

;[fr. cl.3.] jijāhi-

;2. plural irregular nata-.

;2. sg. A1. irregular nase-

; parasmE-pada n/at-, nān/a- irregular namāna-[

]; perfect tense jajñau-, jñe-[ Passive voice

] , 3. plural jñ/ur-

; parasmE-pada jñān/a-

; future jñāsyati-, te-; Aorist ajñāsīt-, sta- Passive voice /ajñāyi-,

; Potential jñāyāt-or jñey-

;2. sg. jñeyas- equals

; infinitive mood jñātum-) to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with (accusative;rarely genitive case

), perceive, apprehend, understand (also with infinitive mood [

]

) , experience, recognise, ascertain, investigate

etc. ; to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as (with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tasya māṃ tanayāṃ jānīta-,"know me to be his daughter"

;with mṛṣā-,"to consider as untrue"

)

etc. ; to acknowledge, approve, allow

; to recognise as one's own, take possession of

; to visit as a friend

; to remember (with genitive case)

; A1. to engage in (genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' sarpiṣo-,"to make an oblation with clarified butter")

: Causal jñapayati-, to teach any one (accusative)

; jñāp- (Passive voice jñāpyate-) to make known, announce, teach anything

and

; to inform any one (genitive case) that (double accusative)

; A1. to request, ask

(jñap-)

(jñāp-): Desiderative jijñāsate- (

; Epic also P.) to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine

etc. ; to wish for information about (accusative)

; to conjecture

: Causal Desiderative jijñapayiṣati- (also jñāp-

) and jñīpsati- (see psyamāna-), to wish to make known or inform

; ([ see etc.])

जू

(see jinv-), cl.1.A1. cl.9. P. j/avate-, jun/āti- ( ju- cl.1 P. javati-

varia lectio;a sautra- root

; subjunctive 2. sg. jun/ās-; Aorist subjunctive jūjuvat-; perfect tense 3. plural jūjuvur-) to press forwards, hurry on, be quick

; to impel quickly, urge or drive on, incite

; to scare

; to excite, promote, animate, inspire

: Causal Aorist ajījavat-

: Causal Desiderative jijavayiṣati-

; see pra--.

जुर्

(jṝ-) cl.4.6. P. jūryati- ( jūr- A1. te-

; parasmE-pada j/ūryat-and jur/at-; perfect tense parasmE-pada jujurv/as-) to become old or decrepit, decay, perish

; to cause to grow old or perish,

; see a-jury/a-.

जुष्

cl.6 A1. ṣ/ate- (also P.

[ ṣ/at-, /ajuṣat-]

etc.; subjunctive ṣāte-; Potential ṣ/eta-;3. plural ṣerata-

; imperative ṣ/atām-; imperfect tense ajuṣata-,

;1. sg. /ajuṣe-

; parasmE-pada ṣ/amāṇa-) cl.3. P. irregular j/ujoṣati- (subjunctive and parasmE-pada j/ujoṣat-; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 2; imperative 2. plural juṣṭana-

) , rarely cl.1 P. joṣati- (subjunctive j/oṣat-;- Aorist parasmE-pada juṣāṇ/a-;3. plural ajuṣran-,

;2. sg. j/oṣi-,

;3. sg. j/oṣiṣat-,

[ confer, compare

]; perfect tense juj/oṣa-, juṣ/e-; parasmE-pada juṣv/as-,generally ṣāṇ/a-; ind.p. juṣṭv/ī-

) to be pleased or satisfied or favourable

etc. ; to like, be fond of delight in (accusative or genitive case), enjoy

(with tanvām-or v/as-,"to be delighted",

)

etc. ; to have pleasure in granting anything (accusative) to (locative case)

; to have pleasure in (dative case), resolve to (Ved. infinitive mood),

; to give pleasure to (locative case)

; to choose for (dative case)

; to devote one's self to (accusative), practise, undergo, suffer

; to delight in visiting, frequent, visit, inhabit, enter (a carriage etc.)

; to afflict

: Causal A1. (subjunctive 2. sg. joṣ/ayāse-) to like, love, behave kindly towards (accusative), cherish

; to delight in, approve of(accusative), choose

; (P. confer, compare

)

; ([ confer, compare ; Zend zaoSa; Hibernian or Irish gus; Gothic kiusu; Latin gus-tus.])

जूत

mfn. see /adri-- /indra--, d/asyu--, dev/a--, br/ahma--, v/āta--, v/ipra--.

जूति

m. see r/atha--.

ज्या

(see ji-) cl.9 P. jin/āti- (Potential nīy/āt-; parasmE-pada n/at-; perfect tense jijy/au-; future jyāsyati-

; ind.p. -jyāya-,

) Vedic or Veda to overpower, oppress, deprive any one (accusative) of property (accusative)

etc. ; (derived fr. jy/āyas-,"senior") to become old

: cl.4 A1. j/īyate- or Passive voice y/ate-, Vedic or Veda to be oppressed or treated badly, be deprived of property (or everything, sarva-jyān/im-

)

etc.: Causal jyāpayati-, to call any one old

: Desiderative (parasmE-pada j/ijyāsat-) to wish to overpower

: Intensive jejīyate-

; see pari-- ; .

ज्येय

mfn. to be oppressed or deprived of property

(see a-jyey/at/a-, brahma-jy/eya-)

का

= kan- (perf. cake-, cakān/a-;See k/āyamāna- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order), to seek, desire, yearn, love (with accusative and dative case)

; to like, enjoy, be satisfied with (locative case genitive case or inst.)

: Intensive (parasmE-pada cāk/at-) to please, be sought after, be wished for, satisfy

(see anu--, ā--, saṃ--3. kā-, kāti-.)

कण्डूय

Nom. P. A1. kaṇḍūy/ati-, -te-, to scratch, scrape, rub

etc. ; to itch,

: Passive voice kaṇḍūyate-, to be scratched

: Desiderative kaṇḍūyiyiṣati- vArttika on

काश्

cl.1 A1. kāśate- (perf. cakāśe-,3. plural śire-), to be visible, appear

etc. ; to shine, be brilliant, have an agreeable appearance

: cl.4. kāśyate-

: Intensive P. A1. c/ākaśīti-, cākaśy/ate-, to shine brightly

; to see clearly, survey

Va1rtt. 1

कतिकृत्वस्

ind. how many times?

(see k/ati-, k/ṛtvas-

)

कौलकावती

Nominal verb dual number m. (fr. k/ūla-and āv/at-?), Name of two ṛṣi-s

खद्

cl.6 P. khadati- (pr. p. khad/at-), to be steady or firm or solid

; to strike, hurt, kill

; (for khād-) to eat

खै

cl.1 P. khāyati-, to make firm

; to be firm or steady

; to strike, injure, kill

; (derived fr. khāy/ate- Passive voice of khan-) to dig

; to mourn, sorrow

खन्

cl.1 P. kh/anati- (imperfect tense /akhanat-; perf. cakhāna-,3. plural cakhnur-

; A1. cakhne-

; pr. p. A1. kh/anamāna-

; imperative khanatāt-

[

]; Potential khanyāt-or khāyāt-

; Passive voice khāy/ate-[

] or khanyate-

; infinitive mood khanitum-

), to dig, dig up, delve, turn up the soil, excavate, root up

etc. ; to pierce (said of an arrow)

(varia lectio): Causal khānayati- (once khan-

), to cause to dig or dig up

etc.: Desiderative cikhaniṣati-

: Intensive caṅkhanyate- or cākhāyate-

; caṅkhanti- or cākhāti-

([ confer, compare, ; Old German gine1m,gino1m; modern German ga0hne; Anglo-Saxon cina,cinan; Latin cuniculus,canalis.])

खुद्

cl.6 P. khud/ati-, to sport wantonly or amorously

: Intensive (parasmE-pada canīkhudat-) idem or ' cl.1 A1. ḍate-, to break in pieces ; to limp : cl.10 P. khuṇḍayati- (varia lectio khoḍayati- see kṣodayati-fr. kṣudr/a-), to break in pieces '

; (k/anīkhunat-,fr. khun-)

किम्

atha kim- See /atha-

किरिट

See /ati-kir-.

क्लथ्

cl.1 P. (parasmE-pada kl/athat-) to be formed into clots or lumps

; to hurt, kill

कृ

Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- (

) ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also

), /akran- (Aorist,according to

); A1. /akri- (

), /akṛthās- (

), /akṛta- (

); akrātām- (

), /akrata- (

) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also

), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- (

) , 3. plural kr/anta- (

) : Potential kriyāma- (

); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to

) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- (

) (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (

); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (

), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā-

), kṛṇavase- (also

varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- (

) or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- (

) : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi-

); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after

]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- (

) : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also

), kuruta- or kurutana- (

); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- (

), vāma- or vāmas- (

), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (

; he-

), karavaithe-, vaite- (

), vāmahai-(he-

) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (

); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (

); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam-

); A1. cakrāṇa- (

) : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (

); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (

), acakrat- (

), /acakriran- (

); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (

); Class. akārṣīt- (

;once akāraṣīt-

); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- (

) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([

]) and kṛtv/āya- ([

]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake

etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command)

; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build

; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case)

etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case)

etc. ; to compose, describe

; to cultivate

(confer, compare

) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"

; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"

; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry

; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love

; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider

; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog '

;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-]

; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of

) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[

etc.] or buddhim-[

] or matim-[

]or bhāvam-[

], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief

; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going

; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd

; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him

) ; to think of (accusative)

; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal

)

etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume

; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case)

; to make liable to (dative case)

; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden)

; to appoint, institute

; to give an order, commission

; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-)

; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city)

; to proceed, act, put in practice

etc. ; to worship, sacrifice

; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-)

(

), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula (

) ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram-

; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw

) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-)

The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty

; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([

]) or salilaṃ- ([

]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons

; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute

; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc.

; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate

; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- (

) , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see

;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti-

; imperfect tense akar-

and

;3. plural akran-

and

; preceding kriyāt-

(See

);according to

, also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see

] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made

; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade

; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee

) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate

etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house

)

. Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word

; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly

; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does

) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs-

) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after

etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship

: Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See

), to do repeatedly

; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([

]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator

]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .])

कृ

cl.3 P. parasmE-pada cakr/at- (Potential 2. sg. cakriyās-; Aorist 1. sg. akārṣam-[

] or akāriṣam-[

]) , to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (genitive case)

: Intensive (1. sg. carkarmi-,1. plural carkirāma-,3. plural carkiran-; imperative 2. sg. carkṛt/āt-and