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| ā | (see ā-jaras/am-, ā-vyuṣ/am-, ā-saptama-, otsūy/am-.) Prefixed to adjective (cf. mfn.) ([rarely to substantive; see ā-kopa-]) it implies diminution  commentator or commentary "a little" exempli gratia, 'for example' ā-piñjara- mfn. a little red, reddish  |
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| abhibhañj | (parasmE-pada genitive case plural f. -bhañjatīn/ām-) to break down, destroy |
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| abhidham | (parasmE-pada m. dual number -dh/amantā-) to blow towards or against |
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| abhikram | (Aorist -akramīt- ind.p. -kr/amya-) to step or go near to, approach etc. ; to attack, overpower ; to step upon ; to undertake, begin ; (with gamanāya-) to get on one's way : Caus. -kramayati-, to bring near |
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| abhikṣam | (Opt. -kṣameta-;Imper. 2. plural -kṣ/amadhvam-) to be gracious, propitious to (dative case or locative case) ; to pardon (perf. Opt. 2. sg. -cakṣamīthāḥ-) |
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| abhimand | P. (3. plural Aorist -/amandiṣuḥ-) to gladden ; A1. (2. sg. -mandase-) to be pleased with, enjoy (with locative case) (see abhi-mad-above.) |
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| abhiram | -ramate-, to dwell ; to repose ; to delight in, be delighted etc. Causal -r/āmayati-, to gladden ; to delight in, to be delighted. |
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| abhisaṃdaṣṭa | (abh/is/aṃdaṣṭa-) mfn. ( daṃś-), compressed or tightened together |
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| abhisame | ( -ā-i-), Ved. (Imper. abh/i-... sam-/aitu-[ ] or /ā-.. abh/i s/am-etu-[ ]) to join in coming near (accusative), approach together. |
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| abhisampravṛt | Caus. to change (?as a battle-field, raṇājir/am-) |
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| abhisaṃsu | (3. dual number -s/aṃ-sunutas-) to press out (soma- juice) together for the sake of (accusative) |
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| abhisaṃviś | P. A1. (Imper. 2. plural -s/aṃ-viśadhvam-) to meet round or near, surround etc. ; to enter into, dissolve in |
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| abhitṛd | -tṛṇatti- (Imper. 2. sg. -tṛndhi-[for tṛnd-dhi-]; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -t/ardas- ) to burst open, open, procure (waters) by bursting (the clouds) or by boring (id est digging a well) etc. ; to procure (v/ājam-, v/ājān-, g/āḥ-, gandharv/am-) ; annādyam-, etc. etc.: Desiderative (subjunctive 3. plural -t/itṛtsān-) to try to open |
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| abhivah | (3. plural -v/ahanti-; Potential 3. plural -vaheyuḥ-; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -vakṣi-,3. dual number -voḷh/ām-[ ]) to convey or carry near to or towards : Causal -vāhayati- (incorrectly for ati-v-), to pass (time) |
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| abhiviśaṃs | -ś/aṃsati-, to divide (verses) in reciting (see vi-śaṃs-.) |
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| abhyam | abhy-/amīti- ( [quoted in ; see also ];2. sg. -/amīṣi-;3. plural subjunctive -am/anti-and imperfect tense A1. -/amanta-) to advance violently against, pain, hurt |
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| abhyavahṛ | to throw down into water (accusative; ap/aḥ-or samudr/am-or hrad/am-) (see abhy-ava-nī-) ; to bring near ; to take food, eat : Causal to cause to throw down (into water) ; to attack (as an enemy) ; to take food, eat ; to cause to eat |
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| ādam | See d/aṃsu-patnī-. |
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| adas | Nominal verb mf. as/au- (vocative case /asau- ) (n. ad/as-), (opposed to id/am- q.v), that, a certain |
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| adhaspada | (/am-) n. the place under the feet |
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| adhinam | Intensive A1. -n/amnate-, to incline over |
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| adhisaṃvṛt | (imperfect tense s/am-avar-tatādhi-) to originate from |
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| āgam | P. -gacchati- (imperative -gacchatāt- ;2. sg. -gahi-[frequently, in ], once -gadhi-[ ]; perf. -jag/āma- etc.; Potential -jagamyāt- ; subjunctive -gamat-; Aorist 3. sg. -agāmi- ; subjunctive 2. dual number -gamiṣṭam- ) to come, make one's appearance, come near from (ablative) or to (accusative or locative case), arrive at, attain, reach etc. ; (generally with p/unar-) to return etc. ; to fall into (any state of mind), have recourse to ; to meet with (instrumental case) : Causal (imperative 2. sg. -gamaya-) to cause to come near ; -gamayati-, to announce the arrival of (accusative) on ; (Potential A1. -gamayeta-; perf. P. -gamayām-āsa-) to obtain information about (accusative), ascertain ; to learn from (ablative) : A1. -gamayate- ( commentator or commentary) to wait for (accusative), have patience : Intensive -ganīganti-, to approach repeatedly (accusative) : Desiderative (parasmE-pada -jigamiṣat-) to be about to come |
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| ahakam | See ah/am-. |
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| ahakam | diminutive for ah/am-,"I" |
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| ahambuddhi | f. pride, haughtiness, ( anahambuddhi an-ah/am--buddhi- negative mfn."free from pride") |
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| ahaṃkaraṇa | etc. See ah/am-. |
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| ahaṃpūrva | etc. See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ah/am-. |
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| ahaṃsana | mfn. obtaining or claiming for one's self ( vocative case dual number incorrectly written in two words ah/aṃ s/anā-) and viii, 61, 9 (vocative case sg.) |
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| ahaṃyāti | etc. See ah/am-. |
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| ahaṃyātiyu | etc. See ah/am-. |
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| ahar | n. (/ahana-) Nominal verb dual number day and night (see /ahaś ca kṛṣṇ/am /ahar /arjunam ca-,"the black and the white day" id est night and day ) |
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| ākram | P. A1. (parasmE-pada P. -krāmat- ; parasmE-pada A1. ā-kr/amamāṇa- ; Aorist ā-akramīt- ; perf. p. A1. -cakramāṇ/a- ; ind.p. -kr/amya- etc.) to step or go near to, come towards, approach, visit etc. ; to step or tread upon (accusative [ etc.] or locative case [ ]) ; (ind.p. -kramya-) to hold fast with the hands, seize ; to attack, invade (Inf. -kramitum-) ; (in astronomy) to eclipse ; to undertake, begin (with infinitive mood) : A1. -kramate- (; future parasmE-pada -kraṃsy/amāna-) to rise, mount, ascend etc.: Causal -kramayati-, to cause to come or step near ; to cause any one (instrumental case) to enter into (accusative) : Desiderative -cikraṃsate-, to wish to ascend |
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| alaṃjuṣa | (al/aṃ--) mfn. sufficient |
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| alaṃmanas | mfn. satisfied in mind (see ar/amaṇas- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /aram-.) |
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| alomaka | ([ ]) or a-l/amaka- ([ ]) mf(Ved. makā-,class. mikā-[ ;but also ] commentator or commentary) n. hairless. |
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| am | the termination am- in the comparative and other forms used as ind. exempli gratia, 'for example' pratar/am-, etc., (gaRa svar-ādi- q.v) |
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| am | amati-, to go ; to go to or towards ; to serve or honour ; to sound ; (Imper. A1.2. sg. amīṣva-; Aorist āmīt-; see abhy-am-) to fix, render firm ; (perf. p. accusative sg. emuṣ/am-for emiv/āṃsam-) to be pernicious or dangerous : Causal ām/ayati- (imperfect tense /āmayat-; Aorist subjunctive āmamat-) to be afflicted or sick (see /an-āmayat-). |
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| amā | ind. (Ved. instrumental case fr. 2. /ama- q.v) (chiefly Vedic or Veda) at home, in the house, in the house of (genitive case), with etc. |
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| amasvan | mf(varī-)n. for t/amasvan- q.v |
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| amatrin | mfn. having the large drinking vessel called /amatra- |
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| amavat | mfn. (/ama--) impetuous, violent, strong |
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| amavat | See 1. /ama-. |
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| ambā | f. (Ved. vocative case /ambe-[ ] or amba-[ ],in later Sanskrit amba-only, sometimes a mere interjection ), a mother, good woman (as a title of respect) |
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| ambālī | f. mother (vocative case /ambāli-for ambāle-as mentioned by ) . |
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| ambālikā | f. (vocative case /ambālike-), mother |
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| ambhas | n. (see abhr/a-, /ambu-), water etc., the celestial waters |
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| ambhṛṇa | mfn. (see /ambhas-,,), powerful, great [Naigh] ([ ]) (["roaring terribly" ]) |
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| ambi | f. mother : Superl. vocative case /ambitame-, O dearest mother! , (see amb/ī-.) |
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| ambikā | f. (vocative case /ambike-), mother, good woman (as a term of respect) and (see ) commentator or commentary (vocative case ke-) and (in veda- vocative case optionally ka-and ke-) |
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| āmis | n. a dead body ([ /āmiṣi-]). |
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| amitakratu | (/amita--) mfn. of unbounded energy |
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| āmitraśocani | (/ām-), m. a patronymic, |
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| aṃśa | m. (probably fr.1. aś-, perf. ān-/aṃśa-,and not from the above aṃś-fictitiously formed to serve as root) , a share, portion, part, party |
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| āṃśya | mfn. relating to /aṃśa- (q.v), (gaRa saṃkāśādi- q.v) |
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| ānam | P. (3. plural /ā-namanti- etc.; infinitive mood -n/amam- ) A1. (imperative 3. plural /ānamantām- ) to bend down, bend, bow, incline etc. ; to do homage, salute reverently etc. ; to condescend ; to be propitious (as gods to men) ; to bring near ; to bend towards or near ; to subdue : Causal -nāmayati- and -namayati-, to inflect, bend (a bow), cause to bend, subdue |
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| anikāmatas | ([ ]) or a-nik/āmam- ([ ]) ind. involuntarily, unintentionally. |
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| anucar | to walk or move after or along ; to follow, pursue, seek after ; to follow out, adhere to, attend ; to behave: Caus. -cārayati-, to let or cause to traverse: Intensive p. -carcūry/amāṇa-, continuing following |
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| anudham | (3. plural dh/amanty /anu-) to sprinkle over |
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| anukṝ | (1. sg. -kir/āmi-) to scatter along ; to strew, fill with, crowd: Passive voice -kīryate-, to become crowded or filled. |
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| anūkṣ | (1 ukṣ-), (parasmE-pada A1. a1nu-... ukṣ/amāṇa-; perf. /anu-... vav/akṣa-) to sprinkle, bedew |
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| anuparicāram | ind. equals anuparikr/āmam- |
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| anupradhāv | to rush after : Caus. (perf. -dhāvay/āṃ cakāra-) to drive after |
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| anupūrvaśas | ind. equals anu-pūrv/am-. |
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| anusamas | -s/am-asyati-, to add further |
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| apajayya | mfn. See an-apajayy/am-. |
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| apakrānti | f. equals apa-kr/amaṇa- |
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| apara | (/am-) ([ ]) n. the future |
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| aparam | ind. (/aparam-[ ]or apar/am-[ ]) in future, for the future |
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| apramāyuka | See a-pr/amaya-. |
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| aprāmisatya | ( mī-with prā- equals pra- see a-pr/amaya-),"of imperishable truthfulness", unalterably true |
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| āprī | f. plural (-pr/iyas-[ ] and -pryas-[ nārāyaṇa-]) Name of particular invocations spoken previous to the offering of oblations (according to they are different in different schools; exempli gratia, 'for example' s/amiddho agn/ir- ,in the school of śunaka-; juṣ/asva naḥ- ,in that of vasiṣṭha-; s/amiddho ady/a- ,in that of others; nārāyaṇa- on this passage gives ten hymns belonging to different schools;See also on [ s/usamiddho na /ā vaha-,the āprī--hymn of the school of kaṇva-] , who enumerates twelve āprī-s and explains that twelve deities are propitiated;those deities are personified objects belonging to the fire-sacrifice, viz. the fuel, the sacred grass, the enclosure, etc., all regarded as different forms of agni-;hence the objects are also called āprī-s, or, according to others, the objects are the real āprī-s, whence the hymns received their names) |
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| arc | cl.1. P. /arcats- (subjunctive /arcāt- imperfect tense /ārcat-; Aorist ārcīt- , perf. ānarca-3. plural ānarcuḥ-[ ] , but Vedic or Veda ānṛc/uḥ-[ ]; perf. A1.(Passive voice) ānarce-[ ],but Vedic or Veda s/am ānṛce-[ ]; future parasmE-pada arciṣyat-[ ] . ind.p., arcya-[ etc.; see Scholiast or Commentator ]or arcitvā-[ ] , Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ṛc/ase-[ ]) to shine, brilliant ; to praise, sing (also used of the roaring of the marut-s, and of a bull[ ]) , to praise anything to another (dative case), recommend ; to honour or treat with respect etc. ; to adorn : exceptionally A1. (1. plural arcāmahe-) to honour : Causal (2. sg. arcayas-) to cause to shine P. A1. to honour or treat with respect etc.: Desiderative arciciṣati-, to wish to honour Ved. Passive voice ṛcyate- (parasmE-pada ṛcy/amāna-) to be praised |
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| āriś | A1. (1. plural -riś/āmahe-) to eat up (grass as a cow in grazing) (see ā-liś-.) |
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| aś | (in classical Sanskrit only) A1. aśnute- (Aorist 3. plural āśiṣata- ; perf. ānaśe- Vedic forms are: aśnoti-,etc.; subjunctive aśnavat-,etc.; Aorist P. ānaṭ- (2. & 3. sg.,frequently in )and A1. aṣṭa-or /āṣṭa-,3. plural āśata-(frequently in )or /ākṣiṣur-[ ] subjunctive /akṣat-[ ] Potential 1. plural aśema- preceding aśyās-(2. & 3. sg.) etc. Potential A1.1. sg. aśīya-and plural aśīmahi-, Imper. aṣṭu-[ ]; perf. ānaṃśa-(thrice in )or ānāśa-[ ] or āśa-[ ] , 2. plural ānaś/a-3. plural ānaś/uh-(frequently in )or āśuh-[ ] A1. ānaś/o- subjunctive 1. plural a anaśāmahai-[ ] Potential 1. sg. ānasyām-, parasmE-pada ānaśān/a-[ ];Inf. aṣṭave- ) to reach, come to, reach, come to, arrive at, get, gain, obtain etc. ; (said of an evil, aṃhati-, /aṃhas-, gr/āhi-) to visit ; to master, become master of. ; to offer ; to enjoy ; to pervade, penetrate, fill ; to accumulate : Desiderative aśiśiṣate- Intensive aśāśyate- |
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| aś | aśn/āti- (Potential aśnīyāt-; parasmE-pada aśn/at-(See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. aśna-); Aorist subjunctive aśīt- ; future parasmE-pada aśiṣy/at- , perf. /āsa- ; perf. p. āśivas-See /an-āśvas- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /an-āsaka-; Pass.p. aśy/amāna- ) to eat, consume (with accusative [this only in classical Sanskrit] or genitive case) etc. ; to enjoy : Causal āśayati- (; Aorist āśiśat- ) to cause to eat, feed ; (with double accusative; see ) ; (see /āśita-): Desiderative /aśiśiṣāti- () to wish to eat : Intensive aśāśyate- |
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| asāman | n. (fr. 1. s/āman-), want, deficiency |
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| asāman | mfn. (fr. 2. s/āman-), without a song or sāman- |
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| asaṃbhāvyam | ind. equals a-saṃbhavy/am- q.v |
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| āsaṃgrah | (imperative 2. sg. -s/aṃgṛbhāya- ) to seize. |
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| asan | n. Ved the base of some cases (viz. instrumental case asn/ā- genitive case ablative asn/as- genitive case plural asn/ām-) of /asṛj- q.v |
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| asma | (fr. a-sma-), a pronominal base from which some forms (dative case /asmai-,or asm/ai- ablative asim/āt- locative case asmin-) of id/am- (q.v) are formed |
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| aṣṭi | f. (1. aś-), reaching (see jar/ad-aṣṭi-, vy/aṣṭi-, s/amaṣṭi-.) |
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| asū | mfn. (3. sū-), not bringing forth, barren and (accusative f. a-sv/am-) (accusative f. as/ūm-). |
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| asūrya | mfn. (said of t/amas-) sunless [(varia lectio for I. asury/a-in )"demoniacal" , ;"inaccessible, unknown", (fr. sṛ- see a-s/ūrta-) ] |
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| ati | As a prefix to verbs and their derivatives, expresses beyond, over, and, if not standing by itself, leaves the accent on the verb or its derivative; as, ati-kram- ( kram-), to overstep, Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ati-kr/ame-, (fit) to be walked on, to be passed , ati-kr/amaṇa- n. See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order When prefixed to nouns, not derived from verbs, it expresses beyond, surpassing, as, ati-kaśa-, past the whip, ati-mānuṣa-, superhuman, etc. See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order |
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| atikram | to step or go beyond or over or across, (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ati-kr/ame-,to be walked on ) ; to pass, cross ; to pass time ; to surpass, excel, overcome ; to pass by, neglect ; to overstep, transgress, violate ; to pass on or away ; to step out ; to part from, lose: Caus. -krāmayati-, or -kramayati-, to allow to pass (as time) ; to leave unnoticed. |
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| atisarga | m. atisarg/am- 1. d/a-, to bid any one farewell |
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| atyākram | (ind.p. -kr/amya-) to walk past |
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| ava | (only genitive case dual number av/or-with vām-,"of you both", corresponding to s/a tv/am-,"thou", etc.) , this (vā-for vām-) [ Zend pronoun ava-; Slavonic or Slavonian ovo; confer, compare also the syllable, in, , etc.; Latin au-t, autem-,etc.] |
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| āva | Nom. Acc. āvām- (Ved. āv/am-) |
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| avakram | (optative, -krāmet-) to step down upon (accusative) ; (Aorist 3. plural -kramuḥ-[ see ]; pr. p. kr/āmat-) to tread down, overcome ; to descend (into a womb) : Causal (parasmE-pada -kramayat-) to cause to go down |
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| avamuc | P. (parasmE-pada -muñc/at-) to loosen ; to let go ; (ind.p. -mucya-) to unharness ; (generally ind.p. -mucya-) to take off (as a garment etc.) etc.: A1. (parasmE-pada -muñc/am/ana-) to liberate one's self from, strip off |
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| avaramb | (parasmE-pada -r/ambamāṇa-) to hang down equals ava-lamb- q.v |
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| avayā | (perf. 3. plural -yayuḥ-;p. genitive case plural -yāt/ām-) to go or come down ; (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ava-y/ai-) to go away (opposed to upa-y/ai-,"to come up") ; (Aorist subjunctive -yāsat-; preceding 2. sg. -yāsisīṣṭhāḥ-[ see commentator or commentary ]; Aorist 1. sg. -ayāsiṣam-) to avert, appease |
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| avyavacchinna | mfn. uninterrupted and (together with s/aṃtata-) |
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| ayakṣma | n. (/am-) health |
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| ayam | this one. See id/am-. |
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| āyu | A1. (/ā-yuvate- ; perfect tense -yuyuv/e- ; parasmE-pada -yuv/amāna- -yuvāna- ) to draw or pull towards one's self ; to seize, take possession of ; to procure, provide, produce ; to stir up, agitate, mingle and : Intensive (parasmE-pada -y/oyuvāna- ) to meddle with. |
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| bhaikṣuka | m. (scilicet āś/ama-) the fourth stage in the life of a Brahman, the life of a religious mendicant |
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| bhakṣaṃkṛta | mfn. (kṣ/aṃ--) drunk or eaten, enjoyed |
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| bhī | cl.3 P. () bibh/eti- (dual number bibhītas-or bibhitas- Potential bibhīyāt-or bibhiyāt- ; Potential 3. plural bibhyeyuḥ- ; imperfect tense 3. plural abibhayuḥ- ; Epic also A1.1. sg. bibhye-and and P.3. sg. bibhyati- plural bibhyanti-;Ved. also cl.1 A1. bh/ayate-,and accord, to ,cl.10. P. bhāyayati-; perfect tense bibhāya-,3. plural bibhyuḥ- etc.; bībhāya- ; bibhay/āṃ cakara- confer, compare ; Aorist abhaiṣīt-, ṣma-, ṣuḥ- etc., 2. sg. bhaiṣīs- , bhais- etc., especially in mābhais-,"do not be afraid";once for plural equals mā bhaiṣṭa- ; bhes- ; bhema- , parasmE-pada A1. bhiyān/a- ,; future bhetā- grammar;cond, abheṣyat- ; infinitive mood bhiy/ase- ; bhetum- etc.) , to fear, be afraid of (ablative or genitive case,rarely instr, or accusative) etc. ; to fear for, be anxious about (ablative) : Passive voice bhīyate-, Aorist , abhāyi- grammar : Causal bhīṣ/ayate- ( etc.; confer, compare ), bhīṣayati- (;once mc. bhiṣ- ; parasmE-pada bhīṣayāṇa- ; Aorist bībhiṣaḥ- , ṣathāḥ- ), bhāyayati-, te- (; Potential bhāyayes- ; varia lectio bhīṣayes-; Aorist bībhayat-, /abībhayanta- ; ind.p. -bhāyya- ), bhāpayate- (), to terrify, put in a fright, intimidate etc. etc.: Desiderative bibhīṣati- grammar : Intensive bebhīyate-, bebhayīti-, bebheti- [ confer, compare bhyas-; Lithuanian bijo4tis; Slavonic or Slavonian bojati; German biben,beben.] |
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| bhṛ | cl.1 P. A1. () bh/arati-, te- ; cl.3 P. A1. () b/ibharti- (bibh/arti-only ), bibhṛte- ; cl.2 P. bh/arti- (parasmE-pada P. b/ibhrat-, q.v; A1. bibhrāṇa-with act. meaning , bibhramāṇa-with pass. meaning ; perfect tense jabh/āra-, jabh/arat-; jabhre-, ajabhartana- ; babhāra-, babhṛma- etc.; parasmE-pada babhrāṇ/a-with pass. meaning ; bibharāmbabhūva- , rām-āsa- ; Aorist abhār- ; bhart/am-, bhṛt/am- ; abhṛta- grammar; abhārṣam- subjunctive bharṣat- ; abhāriṣam- ; preceding bhriyāsam-, yāt- ; future bhariṣyati- Conditional /abhariṣyat- ; bhart/ā- ; infinitive mood bh/artum-, bh/artave-, bh/artav/ai-,Ved.; bh/aradhyai- ; ind.p. -bh/ṛtya- etc.) , to bear, carry, convey, hold ("on"or"in" locative case) etc. ; to wear id est let grow (hair, beard, nails) etc. ; to balance, hold in equipoise (as a pair of scales) ; to bear id est contain, possess, have, keep (also"keep in mind") etc. ; to support, maintain, cherish, foster ; to hire, pay ; to carry off or along (A1. bharate-,"for one's self" id est gain, obtain, or =ferri"to be borne along") ; to bring, offer, procure, grant, bestow etc. ; to endure, experience, suffer, undergo ; to lift up, raise (the voice or a sound; A1. bharate-,also "to rise, be heard") ; to fill (the stomach) ; (with garbham-) to conceive, become pregnant (confer, compare under dhṛ-) ; (with kṣitim-) to take care of, rule, govern ; (with, ājñām-) to submit to, obey ; (with ūrjām-) to exert, employ : Passive voice bhriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāri-), to be borne etc. etc. etc.: Causal bhārayati- (Aorist abībharat-), to cause to bear etc. ; to engage for hire : Desiderative b/ubhūrṣati- ( ), bibhariṣati- () , to wish to bear or support or maintain: Intensive b/aribharti- (3. plural bhrati- , where also 2. dual number jarbhṛt/aḥ-), barībharti- (), to bear repeatedly or continually, carry hither and thither. [ confer, compare Zend bar; Greek ; Latin fero; Slavonic or Slavonian brati; Gothic bai4ran; German beran,ge-ba0ren; English bear.] |
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| bhū | cl.1 P. () bh/avati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense babh/ūva-,2. Persian /ūtha-or ūvitha- confer, compare ; babhūyās-, y/ār-, babhūtu- ; A1. babhūve-or bubhūve- ; confer, compare below; Aorist /abhūt-, ūvan-; imperative bodh/i-[ confer, compare budh-], bhūtu- ; Aorist or imperfect tense /abhuvat-, bh/uvat-, bhuvāni- ; preceding bhūyāsam-,2. 3. sg. yās- ; bhūyāt- ; bhūyiṣṭhās- ; bhaviṣāt-[?] ; abhaviṣṭa-, bhaviṣīṣta-. grammar; future bhaviṣy/ati-, Epic also te-and 2. plural ṣyadhvam-; bhavitā- etc.; infinitive mood bhuv/e-, -bhv/e-, bhūṣ/aṇi- ; bhavitum-, tos- ; ind.p. bhūtv/ā-; bhūtv/ī- ; -bh/ūya- etc.; -bh/ūyam-, -bh/avam- ), to become, be (with nom, or adverb or indeclineable words ending in ī-or ū- confer, compare kṛṣṇī-bhū-etc.) , arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur etc. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms;with a fut.p. =to be going or about to exempli gratia, 'for example' anuvakṣyan bhavati-,he is going to recite ;the future of bhū-with a perfect tense parasmE-pada =a future perfect tense exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi-,you will have done ;the perfect tense P. babhūva-after the syllable ām-is put for the perfect tense of verbs of the 10th classetc.[ confer, compare 1. as-and1. kṛ-];the A1.appears in this meaning ;observe also bhavati-with a future tense, it is possible that, exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati-,it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed ; bhavet-,may be, granted, admitted on ; bhavatu- idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ',well, good, enough of this ; iticed bhavet-,if this question should be asked ; kva tad bhavati-,what is to become of this, it is quite useless ;with na-= to cease to exist, perish, die etc.;with iha na-,not to be born on earth ;with śata-dhā-,to fall into a hundred pieces ;with dūrataḥ-,to keep aloof. ;with manasi-or cetasi-and genitive case,to occur to the mind of any one ; idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ' with genitive case alone ) ; to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (confer, compare"esse alicujus";with genitive case,rarely dative case or locative case according to to also with pari-or prati-and preceding accusative) etc. ; to be on the side of, assist (with genitive case or -tas-) (confer, compare ) ; to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dative case of thing) etc. (with phalāya-.to bear fruit ) ; to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with locative case) ; to thrive or prosper in (instrumental case), turn out well, succeed ; to be of consequence or useful ; (also A1. ) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain ; (with id/am-) to obtain it id est be successful or fortunate : Passive voice bhūyate- (or ti- ; Aorist abhāvi-) sometimes used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' yair bhaviṣyate-, by whom it will be existed id est who will be : Causal bhāvayati- (rarely te-; Aorist abībhavat- grammar; infinitive mood bhāvitum- ; Passive voice bhāvyate-etc. ), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create ; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further etc. ; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (accusative) ; to subdue, control ; (also A1. ) to obtain ; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray ; to purify ; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two accusative) etc. ; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume (confer, compare bhāvita-,): Desiderative of Causal bibhāvayiṣati- (), to wish to cause to be etc. : Desiderative b/ubhūṣati- (te-), to wish or strive to become or be etc. ; (with kṣipram-), to strive to be quickly possessed ; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed ; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour ; to want to take revenge : Intens, b/obhavīti-, bobhavati-, bobhoti-, bobhūyate-, to be frequently, to be in the habit of ; to be transformed into (accusative) ; (with tiraḥ-), to keep anything (instrumental case) secret [ confer, compare Zend bu1; Greek , ; Latin fuit,fuatetc.; Slavonic or Slavonian byti; Lithuanian bu4ti; German bim,bim; Anglo-Saxon beo4; English be.] |
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| ca | ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= , Latin que,placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form(exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ava ca m/ama ca-[not te ca me ca-],"both of thee and me") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented ;it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;in the double ca-occurs more frequently than the single(exempli gratia, 'for example' ah/aṃ ca tv/aṃ ca-,"I and thou", );the double ca-may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit(exempli gratia, 'for example' kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te-,"where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?");in later literature, however, the first ca-is more usually omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' ahaṃ tvaṃ ca-),and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca-is often found(exempli gratia, 'for example' tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā-,"in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position");elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca-is placed after some and omitted after others(exempli gratia, 'for example' ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī-,"the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river");in Vedic or Veda and even in class. Sanskrit[ ] , when the double ca-would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' indraś ca soma-,"both indra- [and thou] soma-"; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ-,"both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united");with lexicographers ca-may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed(exempli gratia, 'for example' kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ-,"the word karaka-has the meaning "pitcher"and other meanings");sometimes ca-is equals eva-,even, indeed, certainly, just(exempli gratia, 'for example' su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam-,"even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name"; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ-,"as great as they [were] just so great was he");occasionally ca-is disjunctive,"but","on the contrary","on the other hand","yet","nevertheless"(varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ-,"better the two first but not the last"; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ-,"this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs"); ca-ca-,though-yet ; ca-na ca-,though - yet not ; ca-- na tu-(varia lectio nanu-) idem or 'm. the letter or sound ca-.', ; na ca-- ca-,though not - yet ; ca-may be used for vā-,"either","or"(exempli gratia, 'for example' iha cāmutra vā-,"either here or hereafter"; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam-,"either a woman or a man or any other being") , and when a negative particle is joined with ca-the two may then be translated by"neither","nor";occasionally one ca-or one na-is omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum-,"I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon"; na pūrvāhṇe nā ca parāhṇe-,"neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon"); ca-ca-may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence(exempli gratia, 'for example' mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ-,"no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god", ); ca-is sometimes equals ced-,"if"(confer, compare ;the verb is accented) ; ca-may be used as an expletive(exempli gratia, 'for example' anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca-,"and with other sacrifices"); ca-is often joined to an adverb like eva-, api-, tathā-, tathaiva-,etc., either with or without a negative particle(exempli gratia, 'for example' vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ-,"one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy");(See eva-, api-,etc.) For the meaning of ca-after an interrogativeSee 2. k/a-,2. kath/ā-, k/im-, kv/a-); ([ confer, compare , Latin que,pe(innempeetc.); Gothic uh; Zend ca; Old Persian ca1.]) |
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| cakra | n. (Ved. rarely m.; gaRa ardharcādi-;fr. car-?;1. kṛ- ) the wheel (of a carriage, of the Sun's chariot[ ],of Time [ ]; kr/aṃ-car-,to drive in a carriage ) etc. |
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| can | (see kan-), only Aorist subjunctive 2. dual number caniṣṭ/am- "to delight in, be satisfied with (locative case) " ; and 3. sg. c/aniṣṭhat- ([ jan- ]),"to satisfy, please" |
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| cana | ind. (ca n/a- ) and not, also not, even not, not even (this particle is placed after the word to which it gives force;a preceding verb is accentuated[ ];in Vedic language it is generally, but not always, found without any other negative particle, whereas in the later language another negative is usually added exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpaś can/apr/a minanti vrat/aṃ vāṃ-,"not even the waters violate your ordinance" ; n/āha vivyāca pṛthiv/ī can/āinaṃ-,"the earth even does not contain him", iii, 36, 4;in class. Sanskrit it is only used after the interrogatives k/a-, katar/a-, katam/a-, katham-, k/ad-, kad/ā-, kim-, k/utas-, kva-,making them indefinite) etc. also |
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| car | cl.1. c/arati-, rarely te- (subjunctive c/arat-,3 plural c/arān- ; perf. cac/āra-[ etc.] , 2 sg. cacartha- ; plural cerur-,etc.; ratur- etc.; A1. cere- ; future cariṣyati-, te-; Aorist acārīt-[ ]; infinitive mood c/aritum-[ ]or cartum-[ ] , Vedic or Veda car/adhyai-[ ], c/aritave-[ ], car/ase-[ ], car/āyai-[ ], caritos-[ ]; ind.p. caritv/ā- ; cartvā- ; cīrtvā-, ; parasmE-pada c/arat-) to move one's self, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.) etc. ; to spread, be diffused (as fire) ; to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow etc. ; to behave, conduct one's self, act, live, treat (with instrumental case or locative case) etc. ; to be engaged in, occupied or busy with (instr exempli gratia, 'for example' yajñ/ena c-,"to be engaged in a sacrifice" ) etc. ; (with[ ]or without[ ] mithun/am-) to have intercourse with, have to do with (instrumental case) ; (with a parasmE-pada or adjective (cf. mfn.) or ind.p. or adverb) to continue performing or being (exempli gratia, 'for example' arcantaś cerur-,"they continued worshipping"; svāminam avajñāya caret-,"he may go on despising his master") etc. ; (in astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction ; to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make (exempli gratia, 'for example' vrat/āni-"to observe vows" etc.; vighnaṃ c-,"to put a hindrance"; bhaikṣaṃ c-"to beg"; vivādaṃ c-,"to be engaged in a lawsuit"; mṛgayāṃ c-,"to hunt" ; sambandhāṃś c-,"to enter into connections"; mārgaṃ cacāra bāṇaiḥ-,"he made a way with arrows"; tapasā indriyāṇi c-,to exercise one's organs with penance ) etc. ; to consume, eat (with accusative), graze ; to make or render (with double accusative) exempli gratia, 'for example' nar/endraṃ satya-sthaṃ carāma-,"let us make the king keep his word" : Causal cārayati-, to cause to move or walk about (Aorist /acīcarat-) ; to pasture ; to send, direct, turn, move etc. ; to cause any one (accusative) to walk through (accusative) ; to drive away from (ablative) ; to cause any one (accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative) ; to cause (any animal accusative) to eat ; to cause to copulate ; to ascertain (as through a spy instrumental case) ; to doubt (see vi--) : Desiderative cicariṣati-, to try to go (parasmE-pada cicarṣat-) ; to wish to act or conduct one's self ; to try to have intercourse with (instrumental case), : Intensive carcarīti- A1. or rarely ([ ]) Passive voice cañcūryate- (curīti-and cūrti- ; ind.p. cūrya- ; parasmE-pada once P. cūryat- ) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative case) etc. ; to act wantonly or coquettishly (see ) ; ([ see, etc.]) |
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| catasṛ | f. plural of cat/ur-, 4 (Nominal verb and accusative c/atasras-[ see Va1rtt. 2 ]; instrumental case catas/ṛbhis-[ see ] ; genitive case sṝṇ/ām- ;or sṝṇām-[Ved. ] ; locative case s/ṛṣu- ) |
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| catur | tv/āras- m. plural , tv/āri- n. plural , 4 (accusative m. t/uras- instrumental case t/urbhis-[for f. ] genitive case turṇ/ām- ablative t/urbhyas-;class. instrumental case dative case ablative,and locative case also oxyt. ; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' and on ;for f.See c/atasṛ-); [ confer, compare, AEolic ; Gothic fidvor; Latin quatuor; Cambro-Brit. pedwar,pedair; Hibernian or Irish ceatkair; Lithuanian keturi; Slavonic or Slavonian cetyrje.] |
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| cāturmāsya | n. plural Name of the 3 sacrifices performed at the beginning of the 3 seasons of 4 months (viz. vaiśvadev/am-, varuṇa-praghās/āḥ-, sākam-edh/āḥ-) etc. |
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| chid | cl.7. chin/atti-, chintte- (imperative n/attu-;2. sg. ndh/i-[ confer, compare ];2. dual number nt/am-; subjunctive 1. sg. n/adai-; Potential ndet- ; cl.9. 1. sg. chinnāmi- ; imperfect tense 2. sg. achinad-,or nas- ; perfect tense ciccheda-, cchide-; parasmE-pada cchidvas-, ; Aorist acchidat-or acchaitsīt-[ subjunctive ch- etc.] ;2. sg. chitsi- ;1. plural chedma- ; A1. acchitta-and 2. sg. tthās-[ subjunctive ch- ], on ; future chetsyati-, ; ind.p. chittvā- infinitive mood chettum-; Passive voice chidyate-; See /a-cchidyamāna-; Aorist /acchedi-and chedi- ) to cut off, amputate, cut through, hew, chop, split, pierce etc. ; to divide, separate from (ablative;exceptionally instrumental case ) ; to destroy, annihilate, efface, blot out etc. ; (in mathematics) to divide : Passive voice to be split or cut, break : Causal chedayati- (Aorist acicchidat-) to cut off. ; to cause to cut off or through : Desiderative See cicchitsu- : Intensive cecchidīti- (), dyate- ( Va1rtt. 2 ) ; future Ist ditā-, Va1rtt. 2 ; ([ confer, compare , etc.; Latin scindo; Gothic skeida.]) |
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| citroti | mfn. equals tr/āmagha- |
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| dā | cl.3. d/adāti- (plural dati- etc.; A1. datte- ;1. sg. dadmi- ; imperative d/adātu- plural dahu-;2. sg. daddh/i- ; deh/i-[ ] ;2. plural d/adāta- , tana- , datt/a- etc.;2. dual number tt/am- etc.; Potential dady/āt- etc.; imperfect tense /adadāt-; plural /adadur- ;2. dual number /adattam- etc.;2. plural ttana-, , /adadāta- ; subjunctive d/adat- , das- dan- parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb sg. d/adat- plural tas- etc.; parasmE-pada A1. d/adāna-, ; n/a-, ; sg. dadati-, ; plural danti-, ; imperative da-, ; data- ; Potential det- ; imperfect tense /adadat- ; A1. sg. d/adate- ; plural dante-, ; imperative sg. datām- ; dasva- etc.; imperfect tense plural /adadanta- ; parasmE-pada d/adamāna- ; Aorist /adāt-[ ], dat-, /adur-, d/ur-etc.; subjunctive 2. dual number dāsathas- [ confer, compare ]; Potential 1. plural deṣma- ; perfect tense dad/au-, d/ur-, d/athur-, datur-, d/o- etc.; Passive voice d/e-, ; dadade-, dāte-, dire- ; parasmE-pada genitive case dad/uṣas- , ṣām- ; Nominal verb dv/ān-, ; dāvan- ; accusative div/āṃsam-, [ confer, compare ]; future parasmE-pada dāsy/at- ; A1. syate-, syante-,1. sg. sye- ; preceding deyāt- ; infinitive mood dāv/ane- ; d/ātos-, ; tave-, ; d/ātav/ai-[ ] ; tum-, etc.: ind.p. dattv/āya-[ ] ; ttv/ā- etc.; -d/āya-[ ] etc.: Passive voice dīyate-[ ]; parasmE-pada y/amāna- ; Aorist adāyi- ; preceding dāsīṣṭa-, dāyis-, ) cl.1. d/āti- (; imperative tu-, ; confer, compare Va1rtt. 3 ) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dative case,in later language also genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to give (a daughter, kanyām-) in marriage etc. ; to hand over ; (with haste-) ; to give back, ; to pay (daṇḍam-,"a fine"; ṛṇam-,"a debt", ) ; to give up, cede (āsanam-,"one's seat") ; (panthānam-or mārgam-,"to give up the road, allow to pass") and ; to sell (with instrumental case of the price), ; to sacrifice (ātmānam-,"one's self."; āt- khedāya-,"to give one's self up to grief", ) ; to offer (an oblation etc.) etc. ; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas- ), give (answer, prati-vacas-, canam-, praty-uttaram- etc.), speak (satyaṃ vacas-,the truth, ; vacam-,to address a speech to [ dative case ] ) ; to permit, allow (with infinitive mood) ; to permit sexual intercourse ; to place, put, apply (in med.) etc. ; to add ; with varam-,"to grant a boon" etc. ; śoham-,"to cause grief", ; avakāśam-,"to give room or space, allow to enter" etc. ; prāṇān- or jīvitam-,"to spare any one's life" ; talam- or lān-, to slap with the palms of the hands ; la-prahāram-, to strike with the palm tālam-, to beat time with the hands ; saṃjñām-, to make a sign ; saṃketakam-, to make an appointment samayam-, to propose an agreement ; upamām-, to compare with [ genitive case ] ; paṭaham-, to proclaim with the drum ; śabdam-, to make a noise, call out ; śāpam-, to utter a curse etc. ; gāīh-. idem or 'm. fire ' ; anuyātram-, to accompany ; āliṅganane-, parirambhaṇam-, to embrace, ; jhampam-, to jump ; śrāddham-, to perform a śrāddha- ; vratakam-, to accomplish a vow ; yuddham-, niy-, saṃgrāmam-, to give battle, fight with ; ājñām- ādeśam-, to give an order, command, ; saṃdeśam-, to give information ; prayogam-, to give a dramatic representation vṛtim-, to fence in ; darśanam-, to show one's self ; dṛṣṭim-, dṛśam-, akṣi-, caksus-, to fix the eyes on (locative case) ; karṇam-, to give ear, listen ; manas-, to direct the mind to (locative case) ; kars- kapolam-, to rest the cheek on the hand ; nigaḍāni- to put on or apply fetters pāvakam-, to set on fire ; agnīn- to consume by fire ; śāram-, to move a chess-man ; argalam-, to draw a bolt, bar ; jānu-, to kneel upon (genitive case) ; padam-, to tread upon [loc.] ; to direct the steps ; viṣam-, to poison (with accusative !) ; garam- idem or 'm. fire ' (with genitive case) ; -- A1. to carry, hold, keep, preserve ; to show (Aorist adadiṣṭa-; aded-fr. diś- ) : Causal dāpayati- (; Aorist adīdapat-, ) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore etc. ; to demand from (ablative) ; to cause to utter or speak ghoṣaṇām-, to cause to be made known ; to cause to place or advance, ; to cause to perform, to cause to be put on (locative case) : Desiderative d/itsati- (; parasmE-pada d/idāsat- ; d/itsat-, ; Potential tseyam- ; perfect tense 2. sg. didāsitha- ; confer, compare ) to wish to give, be ready to bestow etc. ; to wish to give in marriage etc.: Intensive dedīyate- ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin do;etc.]) |
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| da | n. a wife (derived fr. d/am-patī-) |
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| dabh | or dambh- cl.1. (subjunctive d/abhat-and bhāti- ; plural bhanti-, , bhan-, and ; Potential bheyam- and cl.5.) dabhn/oti- ("to go"; imperative nuhi- ; see A1., Passive voice dabhyate- ; perfect tense dadābha-, ; d/ambha-[ ] ; plural debhur-[ Va1rtt. 4 ] ;also dadambhur-and 2.sg. debhitha-or dadambhitha- ; Aorist plural dadabhanta- ; adambhiṣur- ) to hurt, injure, destroy ; to deceive, abandon : Causal (subjunctive and p. damebh/ayat-;2. sg. yas-, ya-) to destroy ; dambhayati- or dābh-, to impel ; dambkayate-, to accumulate, : Desiderative d/ipsati- (subjunctive [ ] and parasmE-pada d/ipsat-) to intend to injure or destroy ; dhips-, dhīps-, didambhiṣati- Pa1n2. 7-2, 49 and 4, 56 (i, 2, 10 ) |
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| dam | cl.4. dāmyati- (; ind.p. dāntvā-and damitvā-, ; Aorist Passive voice adami-, ;P. mit- ) to be tamed or tranquillised (imperative d/āmyata-) ; to tame, subdue, conquer (ind.p. damitvā-) : cl.9. irreg. (? subjunctive 2. sg. d/anas-) idem or 'mfn. ' : Causal damayati- (parasmE-pada m/ayat-; A1. ) to subdue, overpower ; Desiderative See dān- ; ([ confer, compare , ; Latin domareetc.]) |
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| dam | m. p/atir d/an- (genitive case sg.) equals d/am-patis-, |
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| dam | m. p/ati d/an- equals d/am-patī-, |
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| dama | m. (or n.) house, home (, Latin domus) (also puru-d/ama- q.v) |
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| dambhana | mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "damaging" See am/itra- and sapatna-d/ambh- |
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| dampati | m. (d/am--) (=) the lord of the house (agni-, indra-, the aśvin-s) (confer, compare ) |
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| dampati | See 2. d/am- |
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| daṃsas | n. see puru-- and su-d/aṃsas-. |
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| daṃsujūta | (d/aṃsu--) mfn. wonderfully quick, 122, 10. |
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| daṃsupatnī | (d/aṃsu--) f. having a powerful lord (see Va1rtt. 1 ) , iv, 19, 7 and (d/aṃsu-p/at-), |
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| dasyu | m. ( das-) enemy of the gods (exempli gratia, 'for example' ś/ambara-, ś/uṣṇa-, c/umuri-, dh/uni-;all conquered by indra-, agni-, etc.), impious man (called a-śraddh/a-, a-yajñ/a-, /a-yajyu-, /a-pṛnat-, a-vrat/a-, anya-vrata-, a-karm/an-), barbarian (called a-n/ās-,or an-/ās-"ugly-faced", /adhara-,"inferior", /a-mānuṣa-,"inhuman"), robber (called dhan/in-) etc. |
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| dhā | cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e- etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[ ]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-, plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta- ; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[ ], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare ] or dhattāt- ;2. plural dhatt/a-, , dhattana-, , d/adhāta-, ,or tana-, [ confer, compare ]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e- and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-, or dhats/e- dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate- ; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-, [ ]; Potential d/adhīta- dadhīt/a-, ; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-, or dadhiṣva-, ;2. plural dhaddhvam-[ ]or dadhidhvam- ,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām- ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te- ; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti- ; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta- (pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur- etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe- ;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-, ,or dhire-, ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur- etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana- ; 2. sg. dhāyīs- ; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare ];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu- ; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe- ;3. sg. ahita-, hita- ; subjunctive dh/ethe- , dhaithe-, ; imperative dhiṣv/ā-, ; P. adhat- ; dhat- ; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha- ; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata- ; Potential dhiṣīya- [ ]; dheṣīya- ; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā- etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum- etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai- ;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā- ; hitvā-[ ], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām- : Passive voice dhīy/ate- etc.[ ] , p. dhīy/amāna- ; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi- [ ]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[ ]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case) etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case ,with genitive case ];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal ) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove) ; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-) ; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case) etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share ) ; to appoint, establish, constitute ; to render (with double accusative) ; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ]) ; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo : Causal -dhāpayati- (See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- () , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case) (Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present ; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-, ) : with avady/am-, to bid defiance (confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate- [ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.] |
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| dham | or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te- ; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas- ; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire- ; Aorist adhmāsīt- ; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati- ; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya- ) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma- ]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument) etc. ; to blow into (locative case) ; to breathe out, exhale ; to kindle a fire by blowing ; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing etc. ; to blow or cast away : Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- ( ) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati- (Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate- ) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder : Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate- ; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell) [ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"] |
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| dhana | n. the prize of a contest or the contest itself (literally a running match, race, or the thing raced for; hit/aṃ- dhānam-,a proposed prize or contest; dhanaṃ-ji-,to win the prize or the fight) |
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| dhiṣa | See nar/aṃ--. |
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| dhṛ | cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (; A1. Potential dhareran- ), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu- ]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e- etc.; Aorist adhāram- ; adhṛta-, dhṛthās- ; /adīdharat- etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta- ;3. plural rata- ]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati- ; ṣy/e- ; dhartā- ; infinitive mood dhartum- , tavai- [ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya- ) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case) etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to) ; to present to (genitive case) ; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case) ; A1. to be ready or prepared for ; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case) (confer, compare ) ; to prolong (in pronunciation) ; to quote, cite ; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-) etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case) (also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow ; (with raśmīn-[ ] or praharān-[ ]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty ; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control ; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance ; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly ; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember ; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact (Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady etc. ; continue living, exist, remain etc. (also dhāryate- ) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood) : Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate- ; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-) : Intensive d/ardharti- () and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati- ; confer, compare ) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.] |
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| dhṛṣ | cl.5 P. dhṛṣṇ/oti- etc. ; cl.1 P. dh/arṣati- (parasmE-pada dhṛṣ/at-, ṣ/amāṇa- ; ṣāṇ/a-. ; perf. dadh/arṣa- etc.;3. plural dādhṛṣur- ; subjunctive dadharṣat-, ṣati-, ṣīt- ; dadhṛṣate-, ṣanta- ; parasmE-pada dadhṛṣv/as- ; Aorist adhṛṣas- , adhaṣiṣur- ; future dharṣiṣyati-, ṣitā- grammar; ind.p. -dhṛṣya- ; infinitive mood -dh/ṛṣas-, ṣi- ), to be bold or courageous or confident or proud ; to dare or venture (infinitive mood in tum- ) ; to dare to attack, treat with indignity (accusative) ; to surpass (?) : Causal dharṣayati- (; Aorist adīdhṛṣat-,or adadharṣat- grammar) to venture on attacking ; to offend, violate (a woman), overpower, overcome : Desiderative didharṣiṣati-: Intensive darīdhṛṣyate- or darīdharṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend dareS; Greek , ; literally dristu; Gothic ga-dars, Anglo-Saxon dors-te, Engl. durs-t.]) |
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| div | , dy/u- m. (Nominal verb dy/aus-; vocative case dyaus-[ ]; accusative dy/ām- d/ivam-; instrumental case div/ā-or d/īvā-[see below]; dative case dive-[ dyave- ]; ablative genitive case div/as-[rarely dy/os- exempli gratia, 'for example' ]; locative case div/i-, dy/avi-; dual number dyāvā- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order [ dy/avī-as vocative case only ]; plural Nominal verb dy/āvas-[ divas-only ]; accusative dy/ūn-[rare, d/ivas-, div/as- exempli gratia, 'for example' ]; instrumental case dy/ubhis-;native grammarians give as stems div-and dyo-;the latter is declined through all cases like go-,but really does not occur except in forms mentioned above and in dyo-salila- , while div-and dyu-regularly alternate before vowel and consonant) (rarely f.) in Vedic or Veda f. in later Skr. heaven, the sky (regarded in Vedic or Veda as rising in three tiers[ avama-, madhyama-, uttama-or tṛtīya- ] , and generally as the father(dy/auṣ- pit/ā-,while the earth is the mother[ see dyāvā-pṛthivī-],and uṣas- the daughter) , rarely as a goddess, daughter of prajā-pati- ) |
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| doṣā | f. darkness, night etc. ( doṣām ṣ/ām- ind.& doṣā ṣ/ā-[instr.; see gaRa svar-ādi-] ind.in the evening, at dusk, at night) |
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| dram | cl.1 P. dr/amati- () to run about, roam, wander ; perfect tense dadramur- : Intensive dandramyate- idem or 'm. or n. a particular high number ' [ confer, compare drā-and 2. dru-; Greek , .] |
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| dṛḍham | (/am-) ind. firmly, fast etc. (compound -taram- ) |
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| duh | (originally dugh- see d/ughāna-, dugha-etc., and the initial dh-of some forms) cl.2 P.A1. dogdhi- ; dugdhe- or duh/e- etc. (plural A1. duhat/e-, ; duhrate-, ; duhr/e-, ; imperfect tense P. /adhok-, ; duh/ur- ; A1. adugdha-[according to Aorist ] plural aduhra-,i sg. aduha- plural hra- [ see ]; imperative dhukṣva- sg. duh/ām- ; plural duhr/ām-, r/atām- ; dhuṅgdhvam- ; subjunctive dohat-[3 plural hān- ], hate- ; Potential duhīyat- ; y/an-, ; A1. hīta-, ; parasmE-pada P. duh/at- A1. duhān/a-, d/uhāna-,and d/ugh- ; cl.6 P. A1. duh/ati-, te- etc.; cl.4. duhyati-, te- ; perfect tense dud/oha-[ hitha- ], duduh/e-,3 plural duduhur-[ dudūhur- ] etc.; A1. duduhre- [ hrire-]; future dhokṣyati-, te- ; Aorist /adhukṣat-, ṣata-[3 sg. plural ], adukṣat-, ; dukṣata-,3 sg. ; imperative dhukṣ/asva- ; Potential dhukṣīm/ahi- ; infinitive mood dogdhum- etc.; dogdhos- ; duh/adhyai-and doh/ase- ; ind.p. dugdhvā- ) to milk (a cow or an udder) figuratively take advantage of (see) , enjoy ; to milk or squeeze out, extract (milk, soma- exempli gratia, 'for example' any good thing) ; draw anything out of another thing (with 2 accusative) etc. ; (mostly A1.) to give milk, yield any desired object (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc. etc.: Passive voice duhy/ate- Aorist adohi- ( ) to be milked, to be drawn or extracted from etc.: Causal doh/ayati-, te- Aorist adūduhat- Passive voice dohy/ate-, to cause to milk or be milked ; to milk, milk out, extract : Desiderative d/udukṣati- (), dudhukṣati- ( see dudhukṣu-), to wish to milk. |
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| dūram | ind. far, far from (genitive case or ablative ) , a long way off or a long period back etc. (also dūr/ād dūr/am- ) |
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| durāvī | (accusative vy/am-) mfn. difficult to be passed through |
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| dvaṃdva | n. (the repeated Nominal verb of dva-) pair, couple, male and female etc. ( dvaṃdvam /am- ind., dvaṃdve dve- ind.,or dvaṃdvena dvena- ind.by two, face to face, secretly) |
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| gahman | m. (equals g/ambhan-) depth (varia lectio gaṃh-). |
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| gai | cl.1 P. g/āyati-, rarely A1. te- (1. sg. g/āye-[ ] & gāyiṣe-[ ] etc.) , exceptionally cl.2. gāti- ( : cl.3 P. jigāti- ; perf. jagau- etc.; Aorist agāsīt-; preceding geyāt- ; pr. p. P. g/āyat- etc.; ind.p. gītvā-[with preposition -gāya-() -g/īya- etc.]; infinitive mood gātum-), to sing, speak or recite in a singing manner, sing to (dative case ), praise in song (with accusative), relate in metrical language etc. ; to sing before (accusative) : Passive voice gīy/ate- (parasmE-pada y/amāna-), to be sung or praised in song etc. ; to be called (perf. jage-), etc.: Causal gāpayati- (Potential 3. plural gāyayeyur- ), to cause to sing or praise in song etc.: Intensive jegīyate- () , to sing ; to be sung or praised in song ; to be asserted obstinately ; ([ confer, compare 3. gā-; confer, compare also Lithuanian zaidziu.]) |
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| gam | Ved. cl.1 P. g/amati- (; subjunctive gamam-, g/amat-[ gamātas-, gamātha- ], gamāma-, gaman- ; Potential gam/ema- ; infinitive mood g/amadhyai- ) : cl.2 P. g/anti- (; imperative 3. sg. gantu-,[2. sg. gadhi-See ā--,or gahi-See adhi--, abhy-ā--, ā--, upā--],2. plural g/antā-or gantana- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /agan-[ ] , 1. plural /aganma-[ ; confer, compare ] , 3. plural /agman- ; subjunctive [or Aorist subjunctive confer, compare ]1. plural ganma-,3. plural gm/an- ; Potential 2. sg. gamyās- ; preceding 3. sg. gamy/ās- ; pr. p. gm/at-, ) : cl.3 P. jaganti- (; Potential jagamyām-, yāt- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. ajagan-,2. plural ajaganta-or tana- ) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1. etc.) , with substitution of gacch- ([= ]) for gam-, g/acchati- (confer, compare ; subjunctive gācchāti- ;2. sg. gacchās-[ ] or gacchāsi-[ ];2. plural gacchāta- ;3. plural g/acchān- ; imperfect tense /agacchat-; Potential gacchet-; pr. p. g/acchat- etc.; Aorist agamat- ;for A1.with prepositions confer, compare future gamiṣyati- etc.; 1st future g/antā-[ ] etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā-[ ],3. sg. jagāma-,2. dual number jagmathur-,3. plural jagm/ur- etc.; parasmE-pada jaganv/as-[ etc.] or jagmivas- f. jagm/uṣī- etc.;Ved. infinitive mood g/antave-, g/antav/ai-;Class. infinitive mood gantum-:Ved. ind.p. gatvāya-, gatv/ī-;Class. ind.p. gatv/ā-[ etc.] , with prepositions -gamya-or -gatya- ) to go, move, go away, set out, come etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with accusative or locative case or dative case [ ; confer, compare ] or prati-[ ]) etc. ; to go or pass (as time exempli gratia, 'for example' kāle gacchati-,time going on, in the course of time) ; to fall to the share of (accusative) etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack ; to decease, die ; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (accusative) etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (exempli gratia, 'for example' mitratāṃ gacchati-,"he goes to friendship" id est he becomes friendly) etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṃ-gam-,"to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down ; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-gam-,"to go to the earth with the head", make a bow ; m/anasā-gam-, to go with the mind, observe, perceive ; (without m/anasā-) to observe, understand, guess ; (especially Passive voice gamyate-,"to be understood or meant") and ; doṣeṇa- or doṣato-gam-, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (accusative) : Causal gamayati- (; imperative 2. sg. Ved. gamayā-or gāmaya-[ ] , 3. sg. gamayatāt- ; perf. gamay/āṃ cakāra- etc.) to cause to go ( ) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dative case ), bring to a place (accusative [ ] or locative case) etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become etc. ; to impart, grant ; to send away ; "to let go", not care about ; to excel ; to spend time etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain ; to convey an idea or meaning, denote ; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (accusative) to go by means of jigamiśati- another : Desiderative j/igamiṣati- ( jigāṃsate- ; imperfect tense ajigāṃsat- ) to wish to go, be going ; to strive to obtain ; to wish to bring (to light, prak/āśam-) : Intensive j/aṅganti- (), jaṅgamīti- or jaṅgamyate- ( ), to visit (parasmE-pada g/anigmat-) (imperfect tense aganīgan-) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic qvam; English come; Latin venioforgvemio.]) |
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| gam | genitive case ablative gm/as- See 2. kṣ/am-. |
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| gaura | n. Name of several other plants (priy/aṃgu-, mañjiṣṭhā-, śveta-dūrvā-, mallikā-, tulasī-, suvarṇa-kadalī-, ākāśa-māṃsī-) |
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| gauravallī | f. (equals gaurī-) panic (priy/aṃgu-) |
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| gaurīpuṣpa | m. "white-flowered", panic (priy/aṃgu-) |
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| ghana | mf(/ā-)n. compact, solid, material, hard, firm, dense, (ghan/ā-for n/am /ā-) etc. |
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| ghāsa | m. () food, meadow or pasture grass (ghās/ād ghās/am-,"one bit after the other", gradually, xviii, 2, 26) |
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| gmā | f. "the earth"(a form drawn fr. gm/as- ablative genitive case of 2. kṣ/am- q.v) |
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| go | g/aus- (accusative g/ām- instrumental case g/avā- dative case g/ave-, genitive case ablative g/os- locative case g/avi-; dual number g/āvā-[Ved.], g/āvau-; plural Nominal verb g/āvas- accusative g/ās-[rarely g/āvas- ] instrumental case g/obhis- dative case ablative g/obhyas-, genitive case g/avām-[once at the end of a pāda- ] and [in at the end of pāda-s only see ] g/onām- locative case g/oṣu-) m. an ox f. a cow, (plural) cattle, kine, herd of cattle etc. (in compound before vowels[ see ] gav-, gava-,qq. vv.; see also gavām-, gavi-, gāṃ- ss.vv.; gavāṃ vrata-Name of a sāman-; gavāṃ tīrtha-See go t-; g/oṣu-gam-,to set out for a battle [to conquer cows] ) |
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| gopā | m. (Nominal verb /ās- accusative /ām- dual number /ā-or /au- plural Nominal verb /ās- instrumental case /ābhis-) a herdsman, guardian |
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| goṣṭha | m. ap/āṃ g-, a water-vessel |
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| grāmakāma | mfn. (gr/āma--) one who wishes to possess a village |
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| grāmaṇīthya | (gr/āma--) n. (fr. -nīthya-) the station of the chief of a village or community |
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| grāmaputrikā | f. equals gr/āmakumārikā- |
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| gu | in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "going" See /adhri-gu-, vanar-g/u- (see also priy/aṃgu-, śāci-gu-) |
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| guh | cl.1 P. A1. g/ūhati-, te- (see ; imperfect tense /agūhat- ; perf. jugūha- ; future gūhiṣyati- ; Aorist agūhīt-, ; subjunctive 2. sg. ghukṣas-[ ] or Vedic or Veda guhas-[ ]; pr. p. P. g/ūhat-, ; A1. gūhamāna- etc.; Passive voice guhy/amāna- ; Aorist guh/amāna- ;Ved. ind.p. gū1ḍhv/ī-, ) to cover, conceal, hide, keep secret etc.: Desiderative jughukṣati- (;3. dual number jugukṣatas-, pada-pāṭha- jughukṣ-) to wish to conceal or hide away |
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| hāna | mfn. gone or departed etc. (in s/aṃhāna-,"risen") |
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| idam | ay/am-, iy/am-, id/am- (fr. id- ; gaRa sarvādi- ;a kind of neut. of the pronominal base 3. i-with am-[ confer, compare Latin is,ea,id,andidem];the regular forms are partly derived from the pronominal base a-;See grammar 224;the veda- exhibits various irregular formations exempli gratia, 'for example' fr. pronominal base a-,an inst. en/ā-, ay/ā-[used in general adverbially], and genitive case locative case dual number ay/os-,and perhaps also av/os-,in [ ];fr. the base ima-,a genitive case singular im/asya-,only ;the has in a few instances the irregular accentuation /asmai-, ; /asya-, ; /ābhis-, : the forms derived fr. a-are used enclitically if they take the place of the third personal pronoun, do not stand at the beginning of a verse or period, and have no peculiar stress laid upon them) , this, this here, referring to something near the speaker |
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| idammadhu | (id/am-) n. a particular hymn |
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| idaṃrūpa | (id/aṃ-) mfn. having this shape |
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| ima | the base of some cases of the demonstrative pronoun id/am- q.v (accusative sg. m. im/am- f. im/ām-; Nominal verb plural m. im/e-,etc.;irregular genitive case sg. im/asya- [once]) . |
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| iyam | f. Nominal verb sg. of the demonstrative pronoun id/am-, q.v |
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| jabh | or jambh- (cl.1. jabhate-or jambh- ; Aorist subjunctive jambhiṣat-) to snap at (genitive case) : Causal jambh/ayati- (parasmE-pada yat-) to crush, destroy : Intensive jañjabhy/ate- (and bhīti- ; parasmE-pada bhy/amāna-[ ], bhāna-[ ], bhat-[ ]) opening the jaws wide, snapping at (implying blame ) see abhi-- and jrimbh-. |
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| jāgṛ | cl.2. garti- (confer, compare ; cl.1. garati- sg. irregular gṛmi-, ;3. plural j/āgrati- etc.[ ]; imperative gṛh/i-, gṛtāt-, gṛtam-, gṛt/a-; subjunctive garat-; Potential gṛyāt-,or griy- ; imperfect tense /ajāgar-[ ] ; parasmE-pada j/āgrat-; rarely A1. jāgramāṇa- ; perfect tense Vedic or Veda jāg/āra-[ ] , 1. sg. g/ara-[ ], parasmE-pada gṛv/as-[see sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]; perfect tense class.[ ] jajāgāra-or jāgaraṃ-cakāra-; future 2nd jāgriṣy/ati- etc.[A1. ]; future 1st ritā- Va1rtt. 1 ; Aorist ajāgarīt-, ; Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally ajagāri-, ; preceding jāgaryāt-, ) to be awake or watchful etc. ; to awake ; to watch over, be attentive to or intent on, care for, provide, superintend (with locative case or locative case with /adhi-) etc. (with accusative ) ; (said of fire) to go on burning ; to be evident ; to look on : Causal (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /ajīgar- imperative jigṛt/am-, t/a-) to awaken ; jāgarayati-, (; Aorist Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally añāgari-or gāri- ) idem or 'n. saffron ' ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin vi1gilo.]) |
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| jam | (derived fr. jam/ad-agni-) cl.1. j/amati-, to go ; to eat : Intensive parasmE-pada jājamat- consuming continually |
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| jambha | f. su-j/ambha- and antar-jambh/a- ([ see .]) |
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| jambhana | m. see kaṇva--, piśāca--, maśaka--, yātu--, and vyāghra-j/ambh-. |
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| jambhasuta | (j/ambh-) mfn. pressed with the jaws, chewed |
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| jaṃhas | n. see kṛṣṇ/a--, raghu-p/ama--. |
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| jampatī | m. dual number equals d/am-p-, wife and husband gaRa rājadantādi- |
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| jap | cl.1. j/apati- (rarely A1. ; perfect tense jajāpa-; 3. du. jepatur- ; infinitive mood japitum- ; ind.p. ptvā- ; pitvā- ) to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (especially prayers or incantations) etc. ; to pray to any one (accusative) in a low voice ; to invoke or call upon in a low voice : Intensive jañjapyate-, pīti- (; parasmE-pada py/amāna-) to whisper repeatedly (implying blame, ) |
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| jarasa | in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' equals r/as- (gaRa śarad-ādi-) See ā-jaras/am-, s/āya- |
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| jas | cl.1 A1. (parasmE-pada j/asamāna-) to be exhausted or starved : P. j/asati-, to go : cl.4 P. to liberate : Causal jāsayati- (Aorist ajījasata-,2. dual number jajast/am-) to exhaust, weaken, cause to expire ; to hurt (see ) ; to strike, ; to contemn ; see uj--, ni-- ; projjāsana-. |
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| jāyampatī | m. dual number (formed after d/am-p-) equals yā-p- (see yām-patika-.) |
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| jman | (only locative case jm/an-) equals kṣ/āman- (see jm/ā-, jm/as- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. ksk/am-) |
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| juṣ | cl.6 A1. ṣ/ate- (also P. [ ṣ/at-, /ajuṣat-] etc.; subjunctive ṣāte-; Potential ṣ/eta-;3. plural ṣerata- ; imperative ṣ/atām-; imperfect tense ajuṣata-, ;1. sg. /ajuṣe- ; parasmE-pada ṣ/amāṇa-) cl.3. P. irregular j/ujoṣati- (subjunctive and parasmE-pada j/ujoṣat-; confer, compare Va1rtt. 2; imperative 2. plural juṣṭana- ) , rarely cl.1 P. joṣati- (subjunctive j/oṣat-;- Aorist parasmE-pada juṣāṇ/a-;3. plural ajuṣran-, ;2. sg. j/oṣi-, ;3. sg. j/oṣiṣat-, [ confer, compare on ]; perfect tense juj/oṣa-, juṣ/e-; parasmE-pada juṣv/as-,generally ṣāṇ/a-; ind.p. juṣṭv/ī- ) to be pleased or satisfied or favourable etc. ; to like, be fond of delight in (accusative or genitive case), enjoy (with tanvām-or v/as-,"to be delighted", ) etc. ; to have pleasure in granting anything (accusative) to (locative case) ; to have pleasure in (dative case), resolve to (Ved. infinitive mood), ; to give pleasure to (locative case) ; to choose for (dative case) ; to devote one's self to (accusative), practise, undergo, suffer ; to delight in visiting, frequent, visit, inhabit, enter (a carriage etc.) ; to afflict : Causal A1. (subjunctive 2. sg. joṣ/ayāse-) to like, love, behave kindly towards (accusative), cherish ; to delight in, approve of(accusative), choose ; (P. confer, compare ) ; ([ confer, compare ; Zend zaoSa; Hibernian or Irish gus; Gothic kiusu; Latin gus-tus.]) |
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| juṣa | mfn. See al/aṃ-- |
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| kālamāpanī | f. See y/āma-dundubhi- s.v. y/āma-- |
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| kam | ind. a particle placed after the word to which it belongs with an affirmative sense,"yes","well"(but this sense is generally so weak that Indian grammarians are perhaps right in enumerating kam-among the expletives ;it is often found attached to a dative case case, giving to that case a stronger meaning, and is generally placed at the end of the pāda-, exempli gratia, 'for example' /ajījana /oṣadhīr bh/ojanāya k/am-,thou didst create the plants for actual food ) |
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| kāmajyeṣṭha | (k/āma--) mfn. having the god Desire at the head, led by kāma- |
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| kāmakāti | (k/āma--) mfn. requesting the fulfilment of a wish |
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| kāmam | ind. (accusative of k/āma- gaRa svarādi-,not in ) according to wish or desire, according to inclination, agreeably to desire, at will, freely, willingly etc. |
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| kāmamūta | (k/āma--) mfn. strongly affected or impelled by love |
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| kāmavat | mfn. (k/āma--) being in love, enamoured, wanton |
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| kāmavatsa | (k/āma--) mf(ā-)n. having the wish for a calf, having the wish in place of a calf |
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| kathā | ind. (for 1.See column 1) (Ved. for kath/am- ) how? whence? why? etc. |
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| kāti | mfn. (fr.3. kā-),"wishing, desiring"(only in compound See ṛṇ/a-kāti-and k/āma-kāti- see ṛṇa-c/it-) |
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| khā | f. a fountain, well (kh/ām ṛt/asya-, see ZendaSahe@khAo) & |
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| kiṃtva | mfn. (fr. k/im tv/am-."what thou?") questioning impudently (as a drunken man) |
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| kiyāmbu | m. a kind of aquatic plant (equals ky/āmbū-) |
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| kṛ | Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- () ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also ), /akran- (Aorist,according to ); A1. /akri- (), /akṛthās- (), /akṛta- (); akrātām- (), /akrata- ( ) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also ), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- () , 3. plural kr/anta- () : Potential kriyāma- (); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to ) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- () (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā- ), kṛṇavase- (also varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- () or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- () : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi- ); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after ]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- () : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also ), kuruta- or kurutana- (); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- ( ), vāma- or vāmas- (), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (; he- ), karavaithe-, vaite- ( , ), vāmahai-(he- ) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam- ); A1. cakrāṇa- () : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (), acakrat- (), /acakriran- (); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (); Class. akārṣīt- ( ;once akāraṣīt- ); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- ( ) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([ ]) and kṛtv/āya- ([ ]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command) ; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case) etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case) etc. ; to compose, describe ; to cultivate (confer, compare ) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry ; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love ; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider ; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog ' ;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-] ; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of ) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[ etc.] or buddhim-[ ] or matim-[ ]or bhāvam-[ ], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going ; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd ; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him ) ; to think of (accusative) ; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal ) etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case) etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case) ; to make liable to (dative case) ; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden) ; to appoint, institute ; to give an order, commission ; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-) ; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city) ; to proceed, act, put in practice etc. ; to worship, sacrifice ; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-) ( ), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula () ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram- ; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw ) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-) The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty ; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([ ]) or salilaṃ- ([ ]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons ; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute ; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc. ; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate ; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- () , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see ;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti- ; imperfect tense akar- and ;3. plural akran- and ; preceding kriyāt- (See );according to , also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see ] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made ; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade ; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee ) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house ) . Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word ; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly ; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does ) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs- ) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship : Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See ), to do repeatedly ; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([ ]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator ]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .]) |
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| kṝ | cl.6 P. kir/ati- (; perf. -cakāra- ; 2nd future kariṣyati-; 1st future karitā-or karītā- ; Aorist akārīt-[Ved. s/aṃ k/āriṣat-]; ind.p. -kīrya-; Passive voice kīryate-), to pour out, scatter, throw, cast, disperse etc. ; to throw up in a heap, heap up : A1. kirate-, to throw off from one's self : P. to strew, pour over, fill with, cover with ; (perf. 3. plural cakarur-) : Desiderative cikariṣati- : Intensive cākarti- ; ([ confer, compare Greek , .]) |
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| kram | cl.1 P. A1. kr/āmati- (; Epic also kramati-), kramate- ( , Epic also krāmate-;according to cl.4 P. krāmyati-[ kramyati- ]; Aorist akramīt- etc.; A1. kr/amiṣṭa-, kraṃsate-[ ] , 3. plural c/akramanta-[ ]; perf. cakrāma-,or cakrame-; parasmE-pada cakramāṇ/a- ; future kramiṣyati-or kraṃsyate- ind.p. krāntvā-, krantvā-,or kramitvā- ), to step, walk, go, go towards, approach (with /accha-, /adhi- accusative or locative case) etc. ; to approach in order to ask for assistance (with locative case) ; to go across, go over etc. ; Ved. to climb (as on a tree's branch) ; to cover (in copulation) ; to stretch over, project over, tower above, (ind.p. krāntvā-) ; to take possession of ; A1. to undertake, strive after, make effort for (dative case) ; (locative case) ; A1. () to proceed well, advance, make progress, gain a footing, succeed, have effect ; to be appliable or practicable ; P. to be liable to the peculiar arrangement of a Vedic text called krama- (id est to be doubled, as a letter or word) ; A1. to read according to the krama- arrangement of a Vedic text (a-krānta-): Causal P. kramayati-, to cause to step ; kramayati- or krām-, to make liable to the peculiar arrangement called krama- (id est to double a letter or word) etc.: Intensive caṅkramyate- ( ; parasmE-pada caṅ-kramy/amāṇa-[ ]or kramam- and ) or caṅkramīti- (; imperfect tense 2. plural caṅkramata- ; future parasmE-pada caṅkramiṣy/at- ; ind.p. mitvā- ; see mit/a-), to step to and fro, walk or wander about. |
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| krand | cl.1 P. A1. kr/andati-, krandate- (varia lectio kradate-fr. krad- ; subjunctive kr/andat-; imperfect tense krandat-and /akrandat-; Aorist 2. sg. kradas-, cakradas-,and /akrān-,3. sg. akrān-and /akrān-; akrandīt- ; parasmE-pada kr/andat-), to neigh (as a horse), roar (metaphorically applied to the clouds and to wind and water) ; to creak (as a wheel) ; to sound, make a noise ; to cry piteously, weep, lament, grieve, be confused with sorrow etc. ; to call out piteously to any one (accusative) (perf. cakranda-) : Causal krandayati- (Aorist /acikradat-,3. plural dan-), to cause to roar ; to cause to weep or lament ; to roar, rave ; to neigh after (accusative) : Intensive P. k/anikrantti- (A1. ntte- ; parasmE-pada k/anikradat-,once k/anikrat- ; parasmE-pada A1. kanikrady/amana- ) , to neigh, roar, rave, cry out ; to creak, crackle ; ([ confer, compare Gothic gre1ta,"to lament."]) |
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| krī | cl.9 P. A1. krīṇ/āti-, krīṇīte- (future parasmE-pada kreṣyat- ; ind.p. krīv/ā- ), to buy, purchase (with instrumental case of the price, and ablative or genitive case of the person from whom anything is bought exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a im/am indraṃ daś/abhir dhen/ubhir m/ama krīṇāti-,who will buy this indra- of me for ten cows? ; yam mātā-pitror antikāt-[or sakāśāt-] krīṇīyāt-whom he may buy from his father and mother ; krīṇīṣva tad daśabhiḥ suvarṇaih-,buy that for ten suvarṇa-s): Causal P. krāpayati- ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish creanaim,"I buy, purchase" ; Greek Lithuanian prekis,perku(?); Latin pretium; English hire.]) |
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| kṛṣṭi | f. plural (once only sg. ) men, races of men (sometimes with the epithet m/ānuṣīs-[ ] or n/āhuṣīs-[ ] or mānav/īs-[ ]; see carṣaṇ/i-;originally the word may have meant cultivated ground, then an inhabited land, next its inhabitants, and lastly any race of men; indra- and agni- have the N. r/ājā-or p/atiḥ kṛṣṭīn/ām-;the term p/añca kṛṣṭ/ayas-,perhaps originally designating the five Aryan tribes of the yadu-s, turvaśa-s, druhyu-s, anu-s, and pūru-s, comprehends the whole human race, not only the Aryan tribes) |
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| kṛtākṛta | n. sg. and dual number (/am-, /e-) what has been done and what has not been done |
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| kṣā | f. (derived fr. some forms of 2. kṣ/am-) the earth, ground |
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| kṣam | cl.1 A1. kṣ/amate- (Epic also P. ti-;Ved. cl.2 P. kṣamiti- ; cl.4 P. kṣāmyati-[ confer, compare imperative A1.3. sg. kṣamyatām- ] ; perf. cakṣame- etc., 3. plural mire- ;1. dual number cakṣaṇvahe-& 1. plural ṇmahe- Scholiast or Commentator; future 2nd kṣaṃsyate-, ti-, kṣamiṣyati-; Aorist 2. sg. akṣaṃsthās- ; infinitive mood kṣantum- etc.) , to be patient or composed, suppress anger, keep quiet etc. ; to submit to (dative case) ; to bear patiently, endure, put up with (accusative), suffer ; to pardon, forgive anything (accusative) to (genitive case or dative case) etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' kṣamasva me tad-,forgive me that ) ; to allow, permit, suffer () ; (with Potential) ; to bear any one, be indulgent to (Passive voice) ; to resist ; to be able to do anything (infinitive mood) ; to seem good : Causal P. A1. kṣamayati-, kṣāmayate-, to ask any one (accusative) pardon for anything (accusative) ; (perf. kṣamayām āsa-) to suffer or bear patiently (confer, compare kṣamāpaya-); ([ confer, compare Gothic hramja(?) Anglo-Saxon hremman,"to hinder, disquiet."]) |
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| kṣam | f. (Nominal verb kṣ/ās- accusative kṣ/ām- instrumental case kṣam/ā-once jm/ā-[ ] dative case kṣe-[? ], genitive case ablative gm/as-, jm/as-,once kṣm/as-[ ], locative case kṣ/ami-; dual number Nominal verb kṣ/āmā-[ ; see dy/āva-kṣ/āmā-]; plural Nominal verb kṣāmas-[ ; kṣ/āmīs-fr. mi- ], kṣ/ās-[ ] accusative kṣ/ās-[ ] locative case kṣ/āsu- ) the ground, earth, |
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| kṣama | mf(ā-)n. (gaRa pacādi-) patient (said of the earth, perhaps with reference to 2. kṣ/am-) |
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| kṣamā | f. (= 2. kṣ/am-) the earth etc. |
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| kṣamā | ind. (instrumental case of 2. kṣ/am- q.v) on the earth, on the floor gaRa svar-ādi- |
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| kṣāmavat | mfn. (kṣ/āma--) burnt to coal, charred (said of agni-) |
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| kṣāmi | See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. kṣ/am-. |
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| kṣāmi | See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. kṣ/am-. |
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| kṣamya | See 1. kṣ/am-. |
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| kṣapāvat | See 2. kṣ/am-. |
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| kṣās | Nominal verb sg. Nominal verb and accusative plural of 2. kṣ/am- q.v |
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| kṣi | cl.1 P. kṣayati- (only once ) cl.5 P. kṣiṇoti- ( etc.;1. sg. kṣiṇ/omi- for ṇ/āmi-of ) cl.9 P. kṣiṇ/āti- (3. plural kṣiṇ/anti-; perf. 3. dual number cikṣiyatur- on ), to destroy, corrupt, ruin, make an end of (accusative), kill, injure etc.: Passive voice kṣīy/ate- (;3. plural kṣ/īyante- ; Aorist subjunctive kṣeṣṭa-[ ] or kṣāyi- ; Conditional akṣeṣyata- ), to be diminished, decrease, wane (as the moon) , waste away, perish etc. ; to pass (said of the night) : Causal P. kṣapayati- (future yiṣyati-), rarely A1. te- ( ) , very rarely kṣayayati- ( edition Calc.) , to destroy, ruin, make an end of (accusative), finish etc. ; to weaken ; to pass (as the night or time, kṣapām-, pās-, kālam-) ; ([ see , etc.]) |
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| kṣmā | f. (see 2. kṣ/am- ) the earth etc. |
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| kyāmbū | f. equals kiy/āmbu- (kyāmb/ū-). |
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| lalāmagu | (lal/āma--) m. a facetious term for the penis |
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| lamb | (confer, compare 1. ramb-) cl.1 A1. () l/ambate- (mc. also ti-; perfect tense lalambe- etc.; Aorist alambiṣṭa- grammar; future lambitā- ; lambiṣyati- ; infinitive mood lambitum- ; ind.p. -lambya- ), to hang down, depend, dangle, hang from or on (locative case) etc. ; to sink, go down, decline, fall, set (as the sun) etc. ; to be fastened or attached to, cling to, hold or rest on (locative case) ; to fall or stay behind, be retarded ; to tag, loiter, delay, tarry : Causal lambayati- (Aorist alalambat-), to cause to hang down or depend, let down ; to hang up, suspend ; to cause to be attached or joined ; to stretch out, extend (the hand) for (dative case) ; (prob.) to depress, discourage (Calcutta edition laṅghayitvā-for lambayitvā-): Desiderative lilambiṣate-, to be about to sink or decline varia lectio ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin labi,labare,labes; German lappa,Lappen; English lap,limp.]) |
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| loka | m. the earth or world of human beings etc. etc. (ay/aṃ lok/aḥ-,"this world"; as/au-or p/aro lok/aḥ-,"that or the other world"; loke-or iha- loke-,"here on earth", opp. to para-tra-, para-loke-etc.; kṛtsne- loke-,"on the whole earth") |
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| lokajit | mfn. winning Heaven (lokajit/aṃ- svarg/am- equals svarga-loka-jitam-) |
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| lokampṛṇā | f. (scilicet iṣṭakā-), Name of the bricks used for building the sacrificial altar (set up with the formula lok/am pṛna-etc., those which have a peculiar formula being called yajuṣ-matī- q.v) |
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| lokampṛṇa | f. (scilicet ṛc-), Name of the formula lok/am pṛṇa- etc. |
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| ma | base of the 1st Persian pronoun in accusative sg. m/ām- or mā- |
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| ma | genitive case m/ama- or me (for the enclitic forms confer, compare ) [ confer, compare s. m/ad-; Zend ma; Greek , Latin me,mihietc.] |
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| mā | cl.3 P. m/imāti- (according to to A1. mimīte- mimeti-; Potential mimīyat- ; perfect tense, mimāya-; Aorist /amīmet- subjunctive mīmayat-; infinitive mood m/ātav/ai-), to sound, bellow, roar, bleat (especially said of cows, calves, goats etc.) : Intensive , only pr. p. m/emyat-, bleating (as a goat) |
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| mad | (confer, compare mand-) cl.4 P. () m/ādyati- (Epic also te-; Vedic or Veda alsocl.1. P. A1. madati-, te-;cl.3. P. mam/atti-, ttu-, mam/adat-, /amamaduḥ-; Vedic or Veda imperative m/atsi-, sva-; perfect tense mam/āda-; Aorist amādiṣuḥ-, amatsuḥ-, amatta-; subjunctive m/atsati-, sat-; future maditā-, madiṣyati- grammar; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maditos-), to rejoice, be glad, exult, delight or revel in (instrumental case genitive case locative case,rarely accusative), be drunk (also figuratively) with (instrumental case) etc. ; to enjoy heavenly bliss (said of gods and deceased ancestors) ; to boil, bubble (as water) ; to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, animate, inspire : Causal mād/ayati-, te- (; Aorist /amīmadat-or amamadat-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maday/adhyai-), to gladden, delight, satisfy, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspire etc. ; (A1.) to be glad, rejoice, be pleased or happy or at ease ; (A1.) to enjoy heavenly bliss : Desiderative mimadiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmadyate-, māmatti- ([Perhaps originally "to be moist"; confer, compare Greek ; Latin madere.]) |
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| mahā | in compound for mahat- (in used for mahat-as an independent word in accusative sg. mah/ām- equals mahāntam-). |
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| maṃh | (see mah-) cl.1 A1. () m/aṃhate- (perfect tense, mamaṃhe-etc. grammar), to give, grant, bestow (with dānāya-,"as a present") ; to increase : Causal maṃhayati- (cl.10. according to to ), to give etc. ; to speak or to shine : Intensive , māmahe- etc. ; See mah-. |
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| maṃhiṣṭharāti | (m/aṃh-). mfn. one whose gifts are most abundant, very rich or bountiful |
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| māṃścatva | mfn. (prob.) yellowish (m/āṃścatva- ) . |
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| man | cl.8.4. A1. () manut/e-, m/anyate- (Epic also ti-;3. plural manvat/e- ; perfect tense mene- etc.; mamn/āthe-, n/āts- ; Aorist /amata-, /amanmahi- subjunctive manāmahe-, mananta-, parasmE-pada manān/a- q.v ; maṃsi-, amaṃsta- subjunctive maṃsate- preceding maṃsīṣṭa-,1. Persian mc. masīya- ; māṃsta- , stādm- ; mandhvam- ; amaniṣṭa- grammar; future maṃsyate- , ti- ; manta-, manitā- grammar; maniṣyate- ; infinitive mood mantum- etc., m/antave-, tavai- , m/antos- ; ind.p. matv/ā- etc.; manitvā- grammar; -matya- etc.; -manya- etc.) , to think, believe, imagine, suppose, conjecture etc. (manye-,I think, methinks, is in later language often inserted in a sentence without affecting the construction; confer, compare gaRa cādi-and ) ; to regard or consider any one or anything (accusative) as (accusative with or without iva-,or adverb,often in -vat-;in later language also dative case,to express contempt[ confer, compare ], exempli gratia, 'for example' gaRa rājyaṃ tṛṇaya- manye-,"I value empire at a straw" id est I make light of it equals laghu- man-,and opp. to bahu-,or sādhu- man-,to think much or well of, praise, approve) ; to think one's self or be thought to be, appear as, pass for (Nominal verb;also with iva-) ; to be of opinion, think fit or right etc. ; to agree or be of the same opinion with (accusative) ; to set the heart or mind on, honour, esteem (with nau-,disdain) , hope or wish for (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to think of (in prayer etc., either"to remember, meditate on", or"mention, declare", or"excogitate, invent") ; to perceive, observe, learn, know, understand, comprehend (accusative,Ved. also genitive case). etc. ; to offer, present : Causal () mānayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist amīmanat-; Passive voice mānyate-), to honour, esteem, value highly (also with uru-, bahu-and sādhu-) etc. ; (A1.) stambhe- ; garvake- : Desiderative () mīmāṃsate- (rarely ti-; amīmāṃsiṣṭhās- ; mīmāṃsy/ate- ; mimaṃsate-, mimaniṣate- grammar), to reflect upon, consider, examine, investigate etc. ; to call in question, doubt ("with regard to" locative case) : Desiderative of Desiderative mimāmiṣate- grammar : Intensive manmanyate-, manmanti- [ confer, compare Zend man; Greek ,, Latin meminisse,monere; Slavonic or Slavonian and Lithuanian mine4ti; Gothic ga-munan; Germ,meinen; English mean.] |
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| mand | or mad- (only mam/attana-, mamandhi-, /amaman-), to tarry, stand still, pause (see upa-ni-mand-and ni-mad-): Causal See mandaya-. |
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| mathi | (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see ) See urā--, vastra-- and havir-m/athi- (mathīn/ān- wrong reading for matīn/ām-; see math/in-). |
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| mathin | m. (strong stem, m/anthan-,older m/anthā-; middle math/in-or math/i-[q.v.]; sg. Nominal verb m/anthās- accusative m/anthām-[for mantkānam-See manthāna-under manth-]; instrumental case math/ā- dual number math/ibhyām- plural math/ibhyas-etc.[ see pathin-and ] ; for mathīn/ām-See mathi-above) a churning-stick, any stick or staff for stirring or churning etc. |
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| mī | cl.9 P. A1. () mīnāti-, mīnīte- (Ved. also min/āti-and minoti-; m/īyate-or mīy/ate-[ ]; mimītas-, mimīyāt-[?]; perfect tense mimāya- ; mīmaya- ; mamau-, mimye- grammar; Aorist amāsīt-, amāsta- grammar; meṣṭa- ; Aorist Passive voice /amāyi- ; preceding mīyāt-, māsīṣṭa- grammar; future mātā-, māsyati-, te- grammar; meṣyate- ; infinitive mood -m/iyam-, -miye- ; m/etos- ; ind.p. mītvā-, -mīya-, māya- grammar), to lessen, diminish, destroy (A. and Passive voice to perish, disappear, die) ; to lose one's way, go astray ; to transgress, violate, frustrate, change, alter : Causal māpayati- Aorist amīmapat-. See pra-mī- ; Desiderative mitsati-, te- grammar : Intensive memīyate-, memayīti-, memeti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin minuere; Slavonic or Slavonian mi8nij; German minniro,minre,minder; Anglo-Saxon min.] |
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| miśla | mfn. equals miśra- (in /ā-, n/i--, s/am-m-). |
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| mṝ | (see mṛ-and mṛṇ-) cl.9 P. () mṛṇāti- (imperative mṛṇīh/i- ; subjunctive mumurat- ; perfect tense mamāra- grammar; Aorist amārīt- ; Causal Aorist /amīmṛṇan- : Passive voice mūry/ate- ), to crush, smash, break, kill, destroy |
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| mṛś | (often confounded with1. mṛṣ-) cl.6 P. () mṛś/ati- (rarely te-; perfect tense P. mamarśa-, mamṛśuḥ- ; māmṛśuḥ- ; A1. mamṛśe-. ; Aorist /amṛkṣat- etc.; amārkṣīt-or amrākṣīt- grammar; future marṣṭā-, mraṣṭā- ; markṣtati-, mrakṣyati- ; infinitive mood marṣṭum- etc.; -m/ṛśe- ; ind.p. -mṛśya- ; -marśam- ), to touch, stroke, handle ; to touch mentally, consider, reflect, deliberate : Intensive , marmṛśat- (See abhi-mṛś-) ; marīmṛśyate- (?) , to seize, grasp [ confer, compare Latin mulceo.] |
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| muc | cl.6 P. A1. () muñc/ati-, te- ( also, muc/anti-, mucasva-; parasmE-pada muñcāna- ; perfect tense, mum/oca-, mumuc/e-, Vedic or Veda , also, mum/ocat-, m/umocati-, mumucas-, mumoktu-, amumuktam-; Aorist /amok- ; imperative mogdh/i- ; amauk- ; /amucat- ; amukṣi-, mukṣata- ; preceding mucīṣṭa- ; mukṣīya- ; future, moktā-, ; mokṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood moktum- etc.; ind.p. muktv/ā- , -m/ucya- , m/okam-, ), to loose, let loose, free, let go, slacken, release, liberate ("from", ablative or -tas-; A1.and Passive voice with ablative or instrumental case,rarely with genitive case"to free one's self, get rid of, escape from") etc., etc. (with kaṇṭham-,to relax the throat id est raise a cry;with raśmīn-,to slacken the reins;with prāṇān-,to deprive of life, kill) ; to spare, let live ; to set free, allow to depart, dismiss, despatch ("to" , loc. or dative case) etc. ; to relinquish, abandon, leave, quit, give up, set aside, depose (with kalevaram-, deham-, prāṇān-or jīvitam-,to quit the body or give up the ghost id est to die) ; to yield, grant, bestow ; to send forth, shed, emit, utter, discharge, throw, cast, hurl, shoot at ("or upon" locative case dative case,or accusative with or without prati-;with ablative and ātmānam-,to throw one's self down from) etc. ; (A1.) to put on (Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice mucy/ate- (or m/ucyate-, Epic also ti-and future mokṣyati-; Aorist /amoci-), to be loosed, to be set free or released etc. ; to deliver one's self from, to get rid of, escape (especially from sin or the bonds of existence) etc. ; to abstain from (ablative) ; to be deprived or destitute of (instrumental case) : Causal mocayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist amūmucat-), to cause to loose or let go or give up or discharge or shed (with two accusative) ; to unloose, unyoke, unharness (horses) ; to set free, liberate, absolve from (ablative) etc. ; to redeem (a pledge) ; to open (a road) ; to give away, spend, bestow ; to gladden, delight, yield enjoyment : Desiderative of Causal mumocayiṣati-, to wish to deliver (from the bondage of existence) (confer, compare, mumocayiṣu-): Desiderative mumukṣati-, te-, (P.) to wish or be about to set free ; to be about to give up or relinquish (life) ; to wish or intend to cast or hurl ; (A1.) to wish to free one's self ; to desire final liberation or beatitude (confer, compare mokṣ-): Intensive momucyate- or monokti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mungo,mucus.]) |
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| nad | cl.1 P. () n/adati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense nanāda-, nedur-, nedire- ; Aorist anādīt- grammar; future nadiṣyati-, ditā- ) to sound, thunder, roar, cry, howl etc. (also with nād/am-, śabdam-, svanam-etc.) etc. etc.: Passive voice nadyate- : Causal nad/ayati-, te-, to make resound or vibrate ; nādayati-, te-, to make resonant, fill with noises or cries etc. ; Aorist anīnadat- grammar ; Passive voice nādyate- : Desiderative ninadiṣati- grammar : Intensive 3. plural n/ānadati-, parasmE-pada n/ānadat- ; 3. sg. nānadyate-, parasmE-pada dyamāna- to vibrate or sound violently, to roar, howl, cry, neigh etc. |
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| nam | cl.1 P. n/amati- (), te- (mostly intrans.; confer, compare ; pr. p. A1. namāna- ; perfect tense P. nānāma- etc.;2. sg. nemitha-,or nanantha- ; subjunctive nan/amas- ;3. plural nemur- ; A1. neme- ;3. plural -nanamire- ; Aorist P. anān- ; anaṃsīt- ; A1. anaṃsta- grammar;3. plural anaṃsata- ; subjunctive naṃsai-, naṃsante- ; future naṃsyati- ; namiṣyati- ; nantā- ; infinitive mood -n/amam-, -n/ame- ; nantum-, namitum- ; ind.p. natvā- ; -natya- ; -namya- ) to bend or bow (either trans. or oftener intr.) to bow to, subject or submit, one's self (with genitive case dative case or accusative) etc. ; (with hiruk-) to turn away, keep aside ; to turn towards id est to aim at (genitive case) with (instrumental case) ; to yield or give way, keep quiet or be silent ; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral : Passive voice namyate-, to be bent or bowed ; yield or submit to : Causal nam/ayati- etc. (nāmayati- etc.; nāmyati-[!] ; Aorist anīnamat- ; Passive voice nāmyate-, ti- etc.) to cause to bow or sink, incline etc. ; (with cāpam-) to bend a bow etc. ; to turn away or ward off ; to aim at (genitive case), ; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral : Desiderative ninaṃsati-, : Intensive n/annamīti- ; nannamyate- (3. sg. n/amnate- imperfect tense anamnata-, parasmE-pada n/amamāna- ) to bow or submit one's self to (dative case). [ confer, compare Zend nam,nemaiti; Greek , ; Latin nemus; Gothic , Old Saxon , Anglo-Saxon niman; HGerm. ne0man,ne0men,nehmen.] |
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| nāma | ind. (accusative of n/āman-) by name id est named, called etc. etc. (also with nāmatas-and nāmnā-) |
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| namas | n. bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration (by gesture or word;often with dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' rāmāya namaḥ-,salutation or glory to rāma-, often ind.[ gaRa svar-ādi-]; namas-kṛ-,to utter a salutation, do homage; ind.p. mas-k/ṛtya-[ etc.] or mas-kṛtvā-[ ]; n/amas-kṛta-,worshipped, adored) etc. |
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| naraṃdhiṣa | m. (nar/aṃ--) "watching or heeding men (?)", Name of viṣṇu- |
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| nārāśaṃsa | mf(/ī-)n. (fr. n/arā-ś/aṃsa-) relating to the praise of a man or men, laudatory, eulogistic (as a hymn, tale etc.) etc. |
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| nārāśaṃsa | mf(/ī-)n. relating or sacred to agni- narā-- ś/aṃsa- (applied to the soma- ;to a ṛc- etc.) |
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| narāśaṃsapaṅkti | wrong reading for nārā-ś/aṃsa-p-. |
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| naś | or naṃś- cl.1 P. A1. n/aśati-, te- (Aorist ānat-, -naṭ- -anaṣṭām-, -nak-[in pra-ṇak-] imperative -n/akṣi-; A1.1. sg. n/aṃśi- preceding naśīmahi-; infinitive mood -n/aśe-), to reach, attain, meet with, find [ confer, compare 1. aś-and nakṣ-; Latin nac-tussum; Lithuanian ne4szti; Slavonic or Slavonian nesti; Gothic gana7hs; German genug; Anglo-Saxon gena7h; English enough.] |
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| navan | plural (Nominal verb accusative r/ava-; instrumental case nav/abhis- ablative dative case bhyas- locative case su-;Class, also navabh/is-, bhy/as-, s/u-; genitive case navān/ām- ) nine [ confer, compare Zend navan; Greek for fr fa Latin,no7vem; Gothic and Old HGerm.niun,OSax. and Anglo-Saxon nigun,NHGerm.neun, English nine.] |
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| nikāma | ind. in the beginning of a compound , = (am-) according to wish or desire, to one's heart's content, abundantly, excessively etc. (see yadā-nik/āmam-) |
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| nīthya | See gr/āma-ṇīthya-. |
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| nṛ | m. (accusative n/aram- dative case n/are- genitive case ablative n/aras-, locative case n/ari-; dual number n/arā-, n/arau-; plural Nominal verb vocative case n/aras- accusative n/ṝn-[may also stand for other cases;for the final, n-before p- see ] instrumental case n/ṛbhis-,or nṛbh/is-; dative case ablative n/ṛbhya-or nṛbhy/as- locative case n/ṛṣu-or nṛṣ/u-[ ] genitive case nar/ām-. nṛṇām-or nṝṇām-[ ]) a man, hero (used also of gods) , person |
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| nṛt | cl.4 P. () n/ṛtyati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense nanarta-, nanṛtur- ; Aorist anartiṣur- ; -nṛtur-[ see ā-nṛt-]; parasmE-pada nṛt/amāna-[?] ; future nartiṣyati- etc.; nartsyati-and nartitā- grammar; infinitive mood nartitum-and narttum- etc.; ind.p. nartitvā- , -nartam- ), to dance etc. etc. ; to act on the stage, represent (accusative) etc. ; to dance about (accusative) : Causal nart/ayati-, te-, to cause to dance etc. etc.: Desiderative ninṛtsati- and ninartiṣati- : Intensive narīnartti- ; narīnṛtyate-, ti- ; narnartti-, narnṛtīti-, narīnṛtīti- grammar , to dance about or cause to dance about (see naṭ-). |
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| ojāya | Nom. A1. ojāyate- (parasmE-pada ojāy/amāna-) to exhibit strength or energy, make effort on |
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| padavīya | n. footsteps, track (if not accusative for vy/am-). |
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| pañcan | plural (said to be fr.1. pac-,to spread out the hand with its five fingers; Nominal verb accusative p/añca-[ pañc/a-]; instrumental case c/abhis-; dative case ablative c/abhyas-; locative case c/asu-[Class. also, cabhis-, cabhy/as-, cas/u- confer, compare ]; genitive case cān/ām-) five etc. (confer, compare under indriya-, kṛṣṭi-, carṣaṇi-, jana-, bhūta-, mātra-, yajña-, svasṛ-etc.) ; sg. Name of ([ confer, compare Zend pan5can; Greek , AEolic ; Latin quinque; Lithuanian penki4; Gothic fimf; German fünf; Anglo-Saxon fif; English five.]) |
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| parikram | P. -krāmati- (rarely A1. te-; parasmE-pada -krāmat-; perfect tense -cakrāma-, -cakramur-; Aorist -akramīt-; infinitive mood -krāntum-; ind.p. -kr/āmam-,or -kramya-), to step or walk round or about, circumambulate, roam over, walk through, visit (with accusative) etc. ; to go past, escape ; to outstrip, overtake : Intensive -caṅkramati-, to move or walk about perpetually |
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| pariman | (only Potential -mamanyāt-; perfect tense -mamn/āthe-; Aorist subjunctive -m/aṃsate-), to overlook, neglect, disregard |
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| parimath | (only imperfect tense -/amathnāt-), to pluck (the soma- plant) |
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| parivah | P. -vahati- (), to carry about or round etc. ; to drag about ; to flow around ; to lead home the nuptial train or the bride, take to wife, marry (Passive voice -uhy/ate-, parasmE-pada -uhy/amāna-) |
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| pataṃga | mfn. any flying insect, a grasshopper, a bee, a butterfly or moth (t/aṃga-) etc. ( pataṃgatā -tā- f. ) |
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| pathin | m. (strong stem p/anthan-,older p/anthā-;middle path/i-;weak path-; sg. p/anthās-(Nominal verb vocative case), p/anthānam-[ p/anthām- ]; path/ā-, th/e-, th/as-, th/i-; dual number p/anthānau-, path/ibhyām-, path/os-; plural p/anthānas-[ p/anthās-, thāsas- ; path/ayas- ]; path/as-[ pāth/as- , perhaps genitive case sg.?]; path/ibhis-, bhyas-; path/ām-[ thīn/ām- ]; path/iṣu-; see ) a way, path, road, course (literally and figuratively; panthānaṃ-dā-,with genitive case to cede the way to; pathānena-,"in this way or manner", pathi ni-as-See under ny-as-) etc. |
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| peru | m. seed, germ, off-spring (with ap/ām-= soma-) |
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| pradakṣiṇa | mf(ā-)n. towards the south ( pradakṣiṇeṇa ṇeṇa- ind. equals /am-in both meanings ) |
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| prādhvansana | m. patronymic fr. pra-dhv/aṃsana-, |
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| pramaṃhiṣṭhīya | n. Name of the hymn (beginning with pr/a m/aṃhiṣṭhāya-) |
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| prasṛṣṭā | f. plural (prob.) a particular movement in fighting (= sarvāṅgas/aṃśleṣaṇa- ) |
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| pratipṝ | P. -pṛṇāti- (only 2. dual number imperative -pṛṇīt/am-), to bestow in return : Causal -pūrayati-, to fill up, make full ; to fill (said of a noise) ; to sate, satiate, satisfy ; to fulfil, accomplish |
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| pratipuruṣa | m.(in the beginning of a compound and pratipuruṣam ṣ/am- ind.) man by man, every man, for each man |
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| pratipūruṣa | m. (in the beginning of a compound and pratipūruṣam ṣ/am- ind.) man by man, every man, for each man |
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| prātisatvanam | ind. in the direction of the satvan- (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) (-sutvan/am- ) |
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| pū | cl.9 P. A1. () pun/āti-, punīt/e- (3. plural A1. pun/ate- , punat/e- ;2. sg. imperative P. punīhi- etc., punāh/i- ) ; cl.1. A1. () p/avate- (of P.only imperative -pava- ,and parasmE-pada genitive case plural pavatām- ; parasmE-pada A1. punān/a-below, p/avamāna-See;1. sg. A1. punīṣe- ; perfect tense pupuvuh-. ve- ; apupot- ; Aorist apāviṣuḥ- subjunctive apaviṣṭa- ; future paviṣyati-, pavitā- grammar; ind.p. pūtv/ā- ; pūtv/ī- ; pavitvā- grammar; -p/ūya-and -pāvam- etc.; infinitive mood pavitum- ), to make clean or clear or pure or bright, cleanse, purify, purge, clarify, illustrate, illume (with s/aktum-,"to cleanse from chaff, winnow";with kr/atum-or manīṣ/ām-,"to enlighten the understanding";with hiraṇyam-,"to wash gold") etc. ; (met.) to sift, discriminate, discern ; to think of or out, invent, compose (as a hymn) ; (A1. p/avate-) to purify one's self. be or become clear or bright ; (especially) to flow off clearly (said of the soma-) ; to expiate, atone for ; to pass so as to purify ; to purify in passing or pervading, ventilate etc. (confer, compare pav-): Passive voice pūy/ate-, to be cleaned or washed or purified ; to be freed or delivered from (ablative) etc.: Causal pav/ayati- or pāvayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpavat- grammar; Passive voice pāvyate- ), to cleanse, purify : Desiderative , pupūṣati-, pipaviṣate- grammar : Desiderative of Causal pipāvayiṣati- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Umbr.pir; German Feuer; English fire.]) |
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| punāna | mfn. being clear or bright or purified (also with tanv/am-or tanv/ā-) |
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| rai | m. rarely f. (fr. rā- Nominal verb r/ās- accusative r/āyam-or r/ām- instrumental case rāy/ā- dative case rāy/e-; ablative genitive case rāy/as- locative case rāy/i-; dual number r/āyau-, rābhy/ām-, rāy/os-; plural Nominal verb r/āyas-; accusative r/āyas-, rāy/as-or r/ās-; instrumental case rābh/is-; dative case ablative rābhy/as- genitive case rāy/ām- locative case rās/u-; confer, compare the cognate stems 3. rā-and ray/i-and Latin re1s,re1m), property, possessions, goods, wealth, riches |
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| rajata | mfn. (see 2. ṛjra-) whitish, silver-coloured, silvery (t/aṃ h/iraṇyam-,"whitish gold" id est silver) |
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| ram | cl.1. A1. () ramate- (Vedic or Veda also P. r/amati-or ramṇāti- perfect tense rarāma- ; reme- etc.; Aorist 3. plural ranta- ; araṃsīt- ; araṃsta- ; raṃsiṣam- ; future rantā- grammar; raṃsyati- ; te- etc.; infinitive mood ramitum- ; rantum- etc.; rantos- ; ind.p. ratv/ā- ; rantvā- ; -ramya-or -ratya- ), to stop, stay, make fast, calm, set at rest (P.; especially present tense ramṇāti-) ; (P. A1.)to delight, make happy, enjoy carnally ; (A1.) to stand still, rest, abide, like to stay with (locative case or dative case) etc. ; (A1.; P.only mc.) to be glad or pleased, rejoice at, delight in, be fond of (locative case instrumental case or infinitive mood) etc. ; to play or sport, dally, have sexual intercourse with (instrumental case with or without samam-, saha-, sākam-or sārdham-), etc. ; to couple (said of deer) , Va1rtt. 8 (confer, compare Causal) ; to play with id est put to stake (instrumental case) : Causal ram/ayati- or rām/ayati- (Aorist /arīramat-), to cause to stay, stop, set at rest ; (ramayati-, mc. also te-) to gladden, delight, please, caress, enjoy carnally etc. (3. sg. ramayati-tarām-, ) ; to enjoy one's self, be pleased or delighted ; mṛgān ramayati-, he tells that the deer are coupling Va1rtt. 8 : Desiderative in riraṃsā-, su- q.v : Desiderative of Causal in riramayiṣu- q.v : Intesis. raṃramyate- or raṃramīti- [ confer, compare Zend ram, Greek ,, ; Lithuanian rimti; Gothic rimis.] |
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| ramb | (confer, compare lamb-) cl.1 A1. r/ambate-, to hang down [ confer, compare Lithuanian rambu4s,rambo4kas.] |
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| raṃh | (for raṅgh-) ; see laṅgh- and raghu-, laghu- cl.1 P. () r/aṃhati- ( also A1. r/aṃhate-, r/aṃhamāṇa-; perfect tense raraṃh/a- ; future raṃhitā-, hiṣyati-; Aorist araṃhīt- grammar), to hasten, speed (trans. and intrans.) ; to cause to go or flow ; to go or flow : Causal raṃh/ayati-, te- (Aorist araraṃhat- grammar), to hasten, speed, run or cause to run ; (cl.10. P.) raṃhayati-, to speak or to shine (varia lectio vaṃh-): Intensive See rārahāṇ/a-. |
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| raṃsujihva | (r/aṃsu--) mfn. having a pleasing tongue or voice |
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| raśanāya | Nom. A1. yate- (only p. raśanāy/amāna-), to be guided by a rein |
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| rathī | mfn. (Nominal verb sg. m.and f. rath/īs-; accusative sg. rathy/am- plural rathy/as-) going or fighting in a chariot (as substantive = a carriage-driver, charioteer, car-fighter, champion, hero, leader, lord) |
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| rayi | m. or (rarely) f. (fr. rā-;the following forms occur in the veda-, rayis-, y/im-, yibhis-, yīṇām-; rayy/ā-, yya/ī-, yy/ām-; see 2. rai-), property, goods, possessions, treasure, wealth (often personified) |
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| ṛjūyat | Nom. P. (parasmE-pada ṛj/ūyat-) to walk straight-forward, be right or honest : A1. (parasmE-pada ṛjūy/amāna-) to tend straight upward |
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| rudh | (see 1. ruh-,of which this seems to be only another form) cl.1 P. r/odhati-, to sprout, shoot, grow (only r/odhati- ;and vir/odhat-, ; according to to some also parasmE-pada rudhat-, nad/asya rudhat/aḥ k/āmaḥ-,"the desire of the growing reed" id est of the membrum virile;others,"of the husband who keeps me away", from 2. rudh-; see also nada-). |
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| ruśama | m. (or ruś/ama-) Name of a man |
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| ruśama | m. (ruś/amās-) plural his descendants |
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| sabva | n. digested food (equals pakvāśayagatam annam-) (sabv/am-may perhaps be accusative of a f. sab/ū-; see sa-b/uvam-). |
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| sah | cl.1 A1. () s/ahate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-and exceptionally sāhati-,once in sg. sahyāmi-; parasmE-pada s/ahat- s/ahamāna-[ q.v ]; perfect tense sehe-, sasāha-; Vedic or Veda also sasāh/e-and sāsāhat-; sās/ahat-; sāsahīṣṭ/āḥ-,; sāsahy/āma-,; parasmE-pada sehān/a-, sāsahān/a-, sāsahv/as-and sāhv/as-[ q.v ]; Aorist asākṣi-, sākṣi-, sākṣate- ; sākṣīt- ; sakṣati- ; sakṣat-, s/ākṣāma- ; imperative sakṣi-, sākṣva- ; parasmE-pada s/akṣat- ; /asahisṭa- ; preceding sahyās-, sāhy/āma- ; sākṣīya-. ; s/āhiṣīm/ahi- ; future soḍhā- etc.; sahitā- grammar; sakṣyati- , te- ; sākṣye-[?] ; -sahiṣyati-, te- ; Conditional asahisyat- ; infinitive mood s/ahadhyai- ; s/āḍhyai- ; soḍhum-, sahitum- ; ind.p. soḍhvā- ; sādhvā-, sahitvā- grammar; s/ahya- etc.; s/aham- ), to prevail, be victorious ; to overcome, vanquish, conquer, defeat (enemies), gain, win (battles) ; to offer violence to (accusative) ; to master, suppress, restrain etc. ; to be able to or capable of (infinitive mood or locative case) ; to bear up against, resist, withstand etc. ; to bear, put up with, endure, suffer, tolerate (with na-,"to grudge") etc. ; to be lenient towards, have patience with any one (genitive case) ; to spare any one ; to let pass, approve anything ; (with kalam-, kala-kṣepam-etc.) to bide or wait patiently for the right time : Causal or cl.10. sāhayati- (Aorist asīṣahat-), to forbear : Desiderative of Causal sisāhayiṣati- : Desiderative s/īkṣate- (parasmE-pada s/īkṣat-; according to to , also sisahiṣa-), to wish to overcome : Intensive sāsaṣyate-, sāsoḍhi- (see sāsah/i-) grammar ([ see sahas-and for ; , .]) |
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| śak | cl.5 P. () śaknoti- (perfect tense śaś/āka-, śek/uḥ- etc.; Aorist /aśakat- etc. [Ved. also Potential śakeyam-and śakyām-; imperative śagdhi-, śaktam-]; future śaktā-,or śakitā- grammar; śakṣyati-, te- etc.; śakiṣyate-, te- grammar; infinitive mood -śaktave- ; śaktum-or śakitum- grammar), to be strong or powerful, be able to or capable of or competent for (with accusative dative case or locative case,rarely accusative of a verbal noun, or with an infinitive mood in am-or tum-;or with pr. p. ; exempli gratia, 'for example' with grahaṇāya-or grahaṇe-,"to be able to seize"; vadha-nirṇekam- a-śaknuvan-,"unable to atone for slaughter"; śak/ema vāj/ino y/amam-,"may we be able to guide horses"; vīkṣitum- na- śaknoti-,"he is not able to see"; pūrayan na śaknoti-,"he is not able to fill") etc. etc. (in these meanings Epic also śakyati-, te-,with inf in tuṃ- confer, compare ) ; to be strong or exert one's self for another (dative case), aid, help, assist ; to help to (dative case of thing) : Passive voice śakyate- (Epic also ti-), to be overcome or subdued, succumb ; to yield, give way ; to be compelled or caused by any one (instrumental case) to (infinitive mood) ; to be able or capable or possible or practicable (with an infinitive mood in pass. sense exempli gratia, 'for example' tat kartuṃ śakyate-,"that can be done";sometimes with pass. p. exempli gratia, 'for example' na śakyate vāryamāṇaḥ-,"he cannot be restrained";or used impersonal or used impersonally,with or with out instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' yadi-[ tvayā-] śakyate-,"if it can be done by thee","if it is possible") : Causal śākayati- (Aorist aśīśakat-), grammar : Desiderative See śikṣ-. ([ confer, compare according to to some, Greek , German HagHeckehegen;behagen.]) |
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| śakam | See unader ś/am- (ind.) |
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| śāla | mfn. (fr. śṛ-for śri-) being in a house etc. ( śālam l/am- ind."at home") |
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| śam | cl.4 P. (), ś/āmyati- (rarely te-,and Epic also śanati-, te-; Vedic or Veda śamyati-, śimyati-,and cl.9. śamnāti-[ ], śamnīṣe-, śamnīthās- imperative śamnīṣva-, śamīṣva-, śamiṣva-, śamīdhvam-; perfect tense śaśāma-, śemuḥ- etc.; śaśam/e- subjunctive śaś/amate- ; parasmE-pada śaśamān/a-[ q.v ]; Aorist /aśamiṣṭhās- ; aśamat- [ confer, compare present tense ]; preceding śamyāt- grammar; future śamiśā-, śamiṣyati- ; ind.p. śamitvā-, śāntvā-, śāmam- ), to toil at, fatigue or exert one's self (especially in performing ritual acts) ; to prepare, arrange ; to become tired, finish, stop, come to an end, rest, be quiet or calm or satisfied or contented etc. ; to cease, be allayed or extinguished etc. ; cl.9. (confer, compare above) to put an end to, hurt, injure, destroy : Passive voice śamyate- (Aorist aśami-) : Causal śam/ayati- (mc. also śāmayati-; Aorist aśīśamat-; Passive voice śāmyate-), to appease, allay, alleviate, pacify, calm, soothe, settle etc. ; to put to an end or to death, kill, slay, destroy, remove, extinguish. sup. press etc. ; to leave off, desist ; to conquer, subdue : Desiderative śiśamiṣati- grammar : Intensive śaṃśamīti- (), śaṃśamyate-, śaṃśanti- (grammar), to be entirely appeased or extinguished (perfect tense śaṃśamāṃ cakruḥ- ) . ([ confer, compare Greek ]) , |
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| śam | ind. (gaRa cādi-and svar-ādi-) auspiciously, fortunately, happily, well (frequently used in the veda-, rarely in later language; often to be translated by a substantive, especially in the frequent phrase ś/aṃ y/oḥ-or ś/aṃ ca y/oś ca-,"happiness and welfare", sometimes joined with the verbs bhū-,as, kṛ-, dāvah-, yā-,sometimes occurring without any verb; with dative case or genitive case [ see ]; in some cases corresponding to an adjective (cf. mfn.) exempli gratia, 'for example' śaṃ tad asmai-,that is pleasant to him) |
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| sam | ind. (connected with 7. sa-and 2. sama-,and opp. to 3. vi- q.v) with, together with, along with, together, altogether (used as a preposition or prefix to verbs and verbal derivatives, like Greek , Latin con,and expressing"conjunction","union","thoroughness","intensity","completeness" exempli gratia, 'for example' saṃyuj-,"to join together"; saṃ-dhā-,"to place together"; saṃ-dhi-,"placing together"; saṃ-tap-,"to consume utterly by burning"; sam-uccheda-,"destroying altogether, complete destruction";in Vedic or Veda the verb connected with it has sometimes to be supplied, exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpo agn/im yaś/asaḥ s/aṃ h/i pūrv/īih-,"for many glorious waters surrounded agni-";it is sometimes prefixed to nouns in the sense of 2. sama-,"same"; confer, compare samartha-) |
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| samā | f. (of 2. sama-above) a year etc. etc. (also sama- n.in pāpa-s/ama-, puṇya-s-, su-ṣ/ama-) |
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| samad | f. (prob. fr. 7. sa-+ mad-,"raging together"; according to to yāska- either fr. sam-ad-,or fr. sam-mad-; according to to others fr. 2. sam-+ suffix ad-; see s/amana-) strife, battle (often in locative case plural; accusative with kṛ-or dhā-and dative case,"to cause strife among or between") |
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| samānta | m. (for 2. samānta-See under samā-) a borderer, neighbour (see s/amanta-). 1. |
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| samanta | mf(ā-)n. "being on every side", universal, whole, entire, all ( samantam s/amantam- ind."in contiguity or conjunction with","together with"; samantam samant/am- ind.or samantāt tāt- ind.or samantatas ta-tas- ind."on all sides, around","or, wholly, completely"; samantena tena- ind."all round";with na-= "nowhere") etc. |
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| sāmanvat | (s/āman--) mfn. connected with a sāman- |
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| samas | See aiṣ/amas-. |
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| sāmatejas | (s/āma--) mfn. having the glory of a sāman- |
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| śamayitṛ | m. (fr. Causal) an alleviator, tranquillizer ( śamayitṛkā ś/amayitṛkā- f. ) |
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| sambhava | m. (or s/am-bhava-) (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) being or coming together, meeting, union, intercourse (especially sexual intercourse, cohabitation) |
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| śambhaviṣṭha | (ś/aṃ--) mfn. superl. of śambhu-. |
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| sambhṛtasambhāra | mfn. (s/am-) one who has brought together all requisite materials, quite ready or prepared for anything |
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| sambhṛtaśrī | mfn. (s/am-) one in whom all beauty is concentrated, lovely, charming |
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| sambhūti | f. (s/am--.) birth, origin, production (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ="risen or produced or descended from") etc. |
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| saṃcaraṇa | n. (with samudr/am-) navigation |
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| saṃdhātṛ | mfn. (s/aṃ--) one who puts together or joins |
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| śaṃgavī | (ś/aṃ--) f. blessing cattle |
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| saṃgṛbhīta | (s/aṃ--) mfn. seized or held together, grasped, griped |
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| saṃgṛbhītṛ | (s/aṃ--) mfn. restraining, governing, ruling |
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| saṃhve | A1. -hvayate- (;Ved. infinitive mood s/aṃ-hvayitav/ai-), to call out loudly, shout together ; to relate, make known |
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| śamī | f. (see ś/ami-) effort, labour, toil |
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| samika | (fr. s/amā-;for 2.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) See dvai-s-. |
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| saṃjñātarūpa | mfn. (s/aṃ-) one whose form or appearance is universally known |
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| saṃkrand | (only Aorist sam-akrān-), to cry or bellow or cry out together with (instrumental case) : Causal (only Aorist s/am-acikradaḥ-) to bring together by shouting or calling out |
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| śaṃkṛt | (ś/aṃ--) mfn. causing prosperity, beneficent |
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| saṃkusuka | See s/aṃ-kasuka-. |
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| sammātri | or s/am-mātṛ- mfn. (for 1.See above) having the same mother, twin |
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| sammayana | (s/am--) n. erection of a sacrificial post |
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| sammīlita | mfn. (s/am-.) one who has closed the eyes |
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| saṃnata | mfn. (s/aṃ--) dual number conforming to or harmonizing with each other |
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| saṃrādhana | mfn. (s/aṃ--) conciliating, satisfying |
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| samṛddhikāma | mfn. (s/am-) desirous of prosperity |
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| samṛti | f. (s/am--) coming together, meeting, contact |
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| śaṃs | cl.1 P. () ś/aṃsati- (mc. also A1.; perfect tense śaśaṃsa-, se- etc.; śaṃsuḥ-, sire- ; parasmE-pada śaṃsivas- q.v; Aorist aśaṃsīt- etc., etc.: subjunctive śaṃsiṣat- ;2. plural śasta- ; śastāt- ;1. sg. śaṃsi- ; preceding śasyāt-. grammar; future śaṃsitā- ; śaṃsiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood śaṃsitum- ; -śase- ; indeclinable parasmE-pada śastv/ā-, -śasya-, -śaṃsam- etc.; -śaṃsya- ), to recite, repeat (especially applied to the recitation of texts in the invocations addressed by the hotṛ- to the adhvaryu-, when śaṃs-is written śoṃs-and the formulas śoṃsāmas-, śoṃsāvas-, śoṃsāva-are used;See 2. ā-hāva-) ; to praise, extol etc. ; to praise, commend, approve ; to vow, make a vow (?) ; to wish anything (accusative) to (dative case) to relate, say, tell, report, declare, announce to (genitive case or dative case;"who or where anybody is" accusative;also with two acc, "to declare anybody or anything to be-") etc. ; to foretell, predict, prognosticate etc. ; to calumniate, revile ; to hurt, injure ; to be unhappy : Passive voice śasy/ate-, to be recited or uttered or praised or approved etc. etc.: Causal śaṃsayati- (Aorist aśaśaṃsat-), to cause to repeat or recite ; to predict, foretell : Desiderative śiśaṃsiṣati- grammar : Intensive śāśasyate-, śāśaṃsti- [ confer, compare Latin carmenforcasmen;casme1nacame1na;censeo.] |
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| śaṃsa | m. a promise, vow (nar/āṃ ś/aṃsa- , prob.= narā-ś- q.v; ṛj/ur- /ic- ch/aṃsa-, either, by tmesis,"the right praiser", or ṛju-śaṃsa-as adjective (cf. mfn.)"righteous, faithful") |
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| saṃśitavrata | mfn. (s/aṃ-ś-) firmly adhering to a vow, faithful to an obligation, honest, virtuous etc. |
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| saṃskṛta | mfn. (or s/aṃ-skṛta-) put together, constructed, well or completely formed, perfected |
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| saṃsṛṣṭi | f. (s/aṃ--) union, combination, association, intercourse |
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| śaṃtanu | mfn. (ś/aṃ--) wholesome for the body or the person ( śaṃtanutva -tv/a- n.) |
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| śāṃtanu | m. Name of the father of bhīṣma- (in older language ś/aṃtanu- q.v) etc. |
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| saṃtaram | or saṃ-tar/ām- ind. (fr. 2. s/am-+ t-) more together |
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| śaṃtāti | mfn. (ś/aṃ--) beneficent, auspicious |
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| śaṃvat | mfn. (ś/aṃ--) auspicious, prosperous |
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| saṃvidya | (s/aṃ--) n. = saṃ-v/id-2 |
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| sāṃvidya | = (or prob. wrong reading for) s/aṃ-vidya- |
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| saṃvṛktadhṛṣṇu | mfn. (s/aṃ--) one who seizes or overpowers the strong |
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| śaṃyorvāka | m. the sacred formula beginning with the words t/ac ch/aṃ-y/or ā- vṛṇīmahe- |
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| śaṃyuvāka | m. a sacred formula containing the words s/aṃy/oḥ- (equals next) (see Va1rtt. 1 ) |
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| śantanu | śantama- etc. See śaṃ-tanu-, ś/aṃtama-, . |
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| saptan | sg. and plural (Nominal verb accusative sapt/a-; instrumental case t/abhis-; dative case ablative t/abhyas-; genitive case tān/ām- locative case t/asu-) seven (a favourite number with the Hindus, and regarded as sacred, often used to express an indefinite plurality [in the same manner as "three" , by which it is sometimes multiplied];hence 7 mātṛ-s, 7 streams, 7 oceans, 7 cities[ ] , 7 divisions of the world, 7 ranges of mountains, 7 ṛṣi-s, 7 vipra-s[ ] , 7 āditya-s, 7 dānava-s, 7 horses of the Sun, 7 flames of fire, 7 yoni-s of fire, 7 steps round the fire at marriage, 7 samidh-s, 7 tones, 7 sacrificial rites, 7 maryādā-s, thrice 7 padāni- or mystical steps to heaven[ ], thrice 7 cows etc.) [ confer, compare Zendhapta; Greek ; Latin septem; Lithuanian septyni1; Slavonic or Slavonian sedmi8; Gothic sibun; German sieben; English seven.] |
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| ṣaṣ | mfn. plural (prob. for originally ṣakṣ-; Nominal verb accusative ṣ/aṭ- instrumental case ṣaḍbh/is- dative case ablative ṣaḍbhy/as-, genitive case ṣaṇṇ/ām- locative case ṣaṭs/u-;in compound ṣaṣ-becomes ṣaṭ-before hard letters, ṣaḍ-before soft, ṣo-before d-,which is changed into ḍ-,and ṇ-before nasals) six (with the counted object in apposition or exceptionally in genitive case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' ṣaḍ ṛtavah-,or ṣaḍ ṛtunām-,"the six seasons", ṣaṭsu- ṣatsu māseṣu-,"at periods of six months" at the end of a bahuvrīhi- compound it is declined like other words ending in ṣ-,e. gaRa priya-ṣaṣas- Nominal verb plural ;among the words used as expressions for the number six (especially in giving dates) are aṅga-, darśana-, tarka-, rasa-, ṛtu- vajrakoṇa- kārttikeya-mukha-) etc. etc. |
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| śāśvata | mf(ī-)n. (fr. śaśvat-) eternal, constant, perpetual, all (ś/āśvatībhyaḥ s/amābhyaḥ-, śāśvatīḥ samāḥ-,or śāśvatam-,for evermore, incessantly, eternally) etc. |
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| śata | n. (rarely m.; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ī-).) a hundred (used with other numerals thus, ekādhikaṃ śatam-,or eka-ś-,a hundred + one, 101 viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam-or viṃśaṃ ś-,a hundred + twenty, 120; śate-or dve śate-or dvi-śatam-or śata-dvayam-,200; trīṇi- śatāni-or tri-śatāni-or śata-trayam-,300; ṣaṭ-śatam-,600;or the compound becomes an ordinal exempli gratia, 'for example' dvi-śata-,the 200th; dvikaṃ-, trikaṃ śatam-= 2, 3 per cent; śatātpara-,"beyond a hundred, exceeding 100";the counted object is added either in the genitive case,or in the same case as śata-,or in the beginning of a compound exempli gratia, 'for example' śatam pitaraḥ-or, śatam pitṝṇām-or pitṛ-śatam-"a hundred ancestors";sometimes also in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' See compound below;rarely śatam-is used as an indecl. with an instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' śat/aṃ r/athebhiḥ-,"with a hundred chariots" ;rarely occurs a masc. form in plural exempli gratia, 'for example' pañca-śatā-, rathān- ;and śata- n.rarely in compound of the following kind, catur-varṣa-śatam-or tāni-,"400 years") |
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| śīghra | mf(ā-)n. (of doubtful derivation) quick, speedy, swift, rapid ( śīghram ghr/am- ind.and śīghreṇa ghreṇa- ind.quickly, rapidly, fast) etc. |
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| śiva | mf(/ā-)n. (according to ,fr.1. śī-,"in whom all things lie";perhaps connected with śvi- see śavas-, śiśvi-) auspicious, propitious, gracious, favourable, benign, kind, benevolent, friendly, dear ( śivam v/am- ind.kindly, tenderly) etc. |
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| skambh | or skabh- (prob. a mere phonetic variety of stambh- q.v;in native lists written skanbh-) cl.5.9. P. ( ) skabhn/oti-, skabhn/āti- (according to to also cl.1 A1. skambhate-; pr. p. skabhnuv/at- ; skabh/at- ; perfect tense cask/ambha-,2. dual number -skambh/athuḥ- ; parasmE-pada caskabhān/a- ; Aorist askambhīt- grammar; future skambhitā-, skambhiṣyati- ; infinitive mood skambhitum- ; -sk/abhe- ; ind.p. skabhitv/ī- ) to prop, support, make firm, fix, establish : Causal skambhayati- (Aorist acaskambhat-, grammar;See skambhita-) or skabhāy/ati- ( Va1rtt. 1 ;See skabhita-), to prop, support, fix ; to impede, check |
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| śram | cl.4 P. () śrāmyati- (in later language also śramati-, te-; perfect tense śaśrama-,3. plural śaśramuḥ-or[ ] śremuḥ-, parasmE-pada śaśramāṇ/a- ; Aorist āśramat- , subjunctive śramat- ; śramiṣma- ; future śramitā- ; śramiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood śramitum- ; ind.p. -śr/amya-. ), to be or become weary or tired, be tired of doing anything (with infinitive mood;also impersonal or used impersonally n/a mā śramat-,"may I not become weary!") etc. ; to make effort, exert one's self (especially in performing acts of austerity), labour in vain : Passive voice śramyate- (Aorist aśrāmi-, grammar) etc. (see vi-śraṃ-): Causal srāmayati- (Aorist aśiśramat-), to make weary, fatigue, tire ; to overcome, conquer, subdue ; (śrāmayati-), to speak to, address, invite (āmantraṇe-) (varia lectio for grām- see grāmaya-): Desiderative See vi-śiśramiṣu-. |
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| śṛtaṃ | in compound for śṛt/am-. |
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| śṛtaṃkṛta | (śṛt/aṃ--) mfn. cooked thoroughly |
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| stabhūya | (fr. prec.) Nom. P. A1. y/ati-, y/ate- (only in pr. p. stabhūy/at-and y/amāna-), to stand firm |
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| stambh | or stabh- (connected with skambh- q.v;in native lists written stanbh-) cl.5.9. P. () stabhn/oti-, stabhn/āti- (confer, compare ), or cl.1 A1. () st/ambhate- (pr. p. also stambhat- , stabhamāna-[ q.v ] ; perfect tense tast/ambha-, mbhat-, tastabh/uḥ-, parasmE-pada tastabhv/as-, vānd- ; tastabhān/a-, tastambhe- ; Aorist /astambhīt-; astāmpsīt- ; astabhat- grammar; future stambhitā-, bhiṣyati- ; infinitive mood stabdhum- ; ind.p. stabdhv/ā- etc.; stambhitvā- ; -st/abhya-and -stambham- ), to fix firmly, support, sustain, prop (especially the heavens) ; to support or hold up by contact with, reach up to (accusative) ; to stop, stop up, arrest, make stiff or immovable, paralyze etc. ; (A1.) to rest or lean on (locative case) ; to become stiff or immovable ; to become solid : Passive voice stabhyate- (Aorist astambhi-), to be firmly fixed or supported or propped etc. etc.: Causal stabhāy/ati-, to make firm, support ; to stop, arrest ; stambhayati-, te- (Aorist atastambhat-), to fix, establish, erect etc. ; to make stiff or rigid, paralyze ; to make solid ; to stop, arrest (also by magic) , suppress, check, restrain : Desiderative tistambhiṣati- grammar : Intensive tāstabhyate- [ confer, compare Greek , ; Lithuanian stambras,stimbras; German stampfo7n,stampfen; English stamp,stump.] |
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| starī | f. (Nominal verb /īs- accusative y/am-; plural y/as-) a barren cow, heifer |
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| su | cl.5 P. A1. () sun/oti-, sunute- (in plural sunv/anti-, sunvir/e-[with pass. sense] and suṣvati-; parasmE-pada sunv/at-or sunvān/a-[the latter with act. and pass. sense] ; perfect tense suṣāva-, suṣuma-etc. ; parasmE-pada in veda- suṣuv/as-and suṣvāṇ/a-[the later generally with pass. sense; according to to on , also suṣuvāṇa-with act. sense]; Aorist according to to grammar asāvīt-or asauṣīt-, asoṣṭa-or asaviṣṭa-;in also imperative s/otu-, sut/am-,and p. [mostly pass.] suvān/a-[but the spoken form is svān/a-and so written in , suv-in ];and 3. plural asuṣavuḥ- ; future sotā- ; soṣyati- ; saviṣyati- ; infinitive mood s/otave-, s/otos- : ; sotum- grammar; ind.p. -s/utya- ; -sūya- ), to press out, extract (especially the juice from the soma- plant for libations) ; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits etc.) Scholiast or Commentator on : Passive voice sūy/ate- (in also A1.3. sg. sunve-and 3. plural sunvir/e-with pass. sense; Aorist /asāvi- ) : Causal -sāvayati- or -ṣāvayati- (See abhi-ṣu-and pra-su-; Aorist asūṣavat- according to to some asīṣavat-) grammar : Desiderative of Causal suṣāvayiṣati- : Desiderative susūṣati-, te- : Intensive soṣūyate-, soṣavīti-, soṣoti- |
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| śubh | (or 1. śumbh-) cl.1 A1. or cl.6 P. () ś/obhate-, śumbh/ati- or ś/umbhati- (Epic also śobhati-,and Vedic or Veda ś/umbhate-;3. sg. ś/obhe- ; perfect tense śuśobha-, śuśubhe- etc.; śuśumbha- grammar; Aorist, aśubhat-, aśobhiṣṭa-, aśumbhīt- ; parasmE-pada ś/umbhāna-, śubhān/a- ; future śobhitā-or śumbhitā- grammar; śobhiṣyati- ; śumbhiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood śubh/e-, śobhāse- ; śobhitum- grammar), to beautify, embellish, adorn, beautify one's self. (A1.) look beautiful or handsome, shine, be bright or splendid ; (with iva-or yathā-,"to shine or look like";with na-,"to look bad, have a bad appearance, appear to disadvantage") etc. ; to prepare, make fit or ready, (A1.) prepare one's self. ; (ś/umbhate- according to to some) to flash or flit id est glide rapidly past or along (see śubhān/a-, śumbh/amāna-,and pra-śumbh-) ; (śumbhati-) wrongly for śundhati- (to be connected with śudh-,to purify) ; (śumbhati-) to harm, injure (in this sense rather to be regarded as a second śumbh- see 2. śumbh-, ni-śumbh-): Passive voice Aorist aśobhi-tarām- : Causal śobhayati- (Aorist aśūśubhat-; see śobhita-), to cause to shine beautify, ornament, decorate etc. ; (śubh/ayati-, te-) to ornament, decorate, (A1.) decorate one's self. ; (only pr. p. śubh/ayat-), to fly rapidly along : Desiderative śuśobhiṣate- (according to to grammar also ti-,and śuśubhiṣati-, te-), to wish to prepare or make ready : Intensive śośubhyate- (grammar also śośobdhi-), to shine brightly or in tensely, be very splendid or beautiful |
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| śuc | cl.1 P. () śocati- (Ved. and Epic also te-;once in -śucyati-[ see saṃ-śuc-];and in śocimi-; perfect tense śuśoca-Impv. śuśugdhi- Potential śuśucīta-, parasmE-pada śuśukv/as-and śuśucān/a- Aorist aśucat-[ parasmE-pada śuc/at-and śuc/amāna-] ; aśocīt-[2. sg. śocīḥ-] ; aśociṣṭa- grammar; preceding śucyāsam- ; future śoktā-or śocitā- ; śuciṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood śuc/adhyai- ; śoktum-or śocitum- etc.; ind.p. śocitvā- ; śucitvā- ) to shine, flame, gleam, glow, burn ; to suffer violent heat or pain, be sorrowful or afflicted, grieve, mourn at or for (locative case or accusative with prati-) etc. ; to bewail, lament, regret (accusative) etc. ; to be absorbed in deep meditation ; (cl.4. P. A1. śucyati-, te-) to be bright or pure (see Causal and śuci-) ; to be wet ; to decay, be putrid, stink : Passive voice (only Aorist /aśoci-) to be kindled, burn, flame : Causal śoc/ayati-, te- (parasmE-pada śuc/ayat-[ q.v ] ; Aorist aśūśucat-, śūśucat- ), to set on fire, burn ; to cause to suffer pain, afflict, distress ; to feel pain or sorrow, grieve, mourn ; to lament, regret ; to purify : Passive voice of Causal śocyate- : Desiderative śuśuciṣati- or śuśociṣati- : Intensive śośucyate-, śośokti-, to shine or flame brightly grammar (only ś/ośucan- ; see ś/ośucat-, ś/ośucāna-, śośucyamāna-). |
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| śukla | m. mucus, saliva (śukl/aṃ-kṛ-,to spit at) |
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| sumakhasya | Nom. A1. yate- (only pr. p. y/amāna-), to be very joyous, make merry |
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| sumanasya | Nom. A1. y/ate- (only pr. p. y/amāna-), to be kind or gracious or favourable ; to be in good spirits or cheerful or comfortable |
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| sumedhas | mfn. (accusative sg. /asam-or /ām-) having a good understanding, sensible, intelligent, wise etc. |
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| śunaṃhuvīyā | f. Name of the verse (beginning with the words śuṇ/aṃ huvema-) |
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| svadhā | f. ease, comfort, pleasure (/anu svadh/ām-, svadh/ām /anu-or svadh/ā /anu-, svadh/ayā-,or svadh/ābhiḥ-,"according to one's habit or pleasure, spontaneously, willingly, easily, freely, undisturbedly, wantonly, sportively") |
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| svayamabhigūrta | (svay/am--) mfn. self-welcomed |
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| svayaṃjyotis | (svay/aṃ--) mfn. self-shining |
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| svayaṃkṛta | mf(/ā-)n. (or svay/aṃ-k-) made or performed or effected or committed or composed by one's self, natural, spontaneous (with vigraha-,"a war undertaken on one's own account") etc. |
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| svayampāpa | (svay/am--) mfn. (prob.) injuring one's self |
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| tadanusaraṇakrameṇa | ind. instrumental case See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order kr/ama-. |
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| tam | cl.4. t/āmyati- (;rarely A1. ; perfect tense tatāma- ; Aorist Passive voice atami- ;Ved. infinitive mood t/amitos-,with /ā-preceding,"till exhaustion" ; perfect tense Passive voice parasmE-pada -tānt/a- q.v) to gasp for breath (as one suffocating), choke, be suffocated, faint away, be exhausted, perish, be distressed or disturbed or perplexed (n/a mā tamat-[aor. subj.]"may I not be exhausted") etc. ; to stop (as breath), become immovable or stiff ; to desire (see 2. ma-, mata-) : Causal tam/ayati- (Aorist Passive voice atāmi- ) to suffocate, deprive of breath ; see /a-tameru-. |
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| tāmasa | mf(ī-)n. (fr. t/amas-) dark |
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| tamasvan | mf(arī-)n. (t/am-) equals -vat- |
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| tamasvan | mf(arī-)n. see /am-. |
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| tāmisra | mfn. (fr. tam-and t/amisrā- gaRa jyotsnādi-) (with pakṣa-) or m. the dark half of the month |
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| tamoguṇa | m. the quality of darkness or ignorance (See t/amas-) |
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| tamuṣṭuhīya | the, hymn (beginning with t/am u ṣṭuhi-) |
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| tan | cl.8 P. A1. n/oti-, nut/e- (3. plural nv/ate-[ /ā--and vi-tanvat/e- ] ; imperative nu-[ /ava-and v/i-tanuhi- ; see Va1rtt. 1 ] ; nuṣva- ; subjunctive 2. sg. nuthās-, ;1. dual number navāvahai-, ; imperfect tense 3. plural /atanvata-, ; perfect tense P. tat/āna-,once tāt- ;2. sg. tat/antha-[ ],class. tenitha-[ ]; A1.1. 2. 3. sg. [ /ā--] tatane-, [abh/i-]tatniṣe-, [v/i-]tatne- ;3. sg. irregular tate-, ;3. plural tatnir/e-[ v/i-- ] or ten-[ (vi--)etc.; see ]; Aorist P. /atan- ; [/ā-]atān-, ; ;[ p/ari--, v/i--] atanat- ; [anv-/ā]atāṃsīt- ; atānīt- ; tat/anat-, [abh/i-]t/anāma-, t/anan- ;2. plural ataniṣṭa- ;3. dual number atāniṣṭām- ; A1. atata-or ataniṣṭa-, atathās-or ataniṣṭhās- ;3. plural /atnata- ; tat/ananta-, ;1. sg. atasi- plural ataṃsmahi- ; future 2nd taṃsy/ate- ; future 1st [vi-]tāyitā- ; parasmE-pada proper tanv/at-, vān/a-; perfect tense tatanv/as-; ind.p. tatvā-, tv/āya-, -t/atya- ;[ vi--] tāya- ; infinitive mood tantum- ; Passive voice tāy/ate- [ parasmE-pada y/amāna-] etc.; tanyate- ; Aorist atāyi- ) to extend, spread, be diffused (as light) over, shine, extend towards, reach to etc. ; to be protracted, continue, endure ; to stretch (a cord), extend or bend (a bow), spread, spin out, weave etc. ; to emboss ; to prepare (a way for) ; to direct (one's way, gatim-) towards ; to propagate (one's self or one's family, tanūs-, tantum-) ; to (spread id est to) speak (words) ; to protract ; to put forth, show, manifest, display, augment etc. (Passive voice to be put forth or extended, increase ) ; to accomplish, perform (a ceremony) etc. ; to sacrifice ; to compose (a literary work) ; to render (any one thirsty, double accusative) : Desiderative titaniṣati-, taṃsati-, tāṃs- : Intensive tantanyate-, tantanīti-, ; ([ see , etc.]) |
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| tanu | mf(us-, /ūs-, vī-)n. (said of a speech or hymn) accomplished (in metre) (accusative f. nv/am-) |
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| tanū | f. (of n/u- q.v; accusative nv/am- etc. ; nuvam-[ vArttika ] ;instr, nuvā-, ; genitive case ablative nv/as- etc.; locative case nv/i-& nv/ī- ; nv/ām- etc.; dual number n/ū-[ ], nv/ā-[ ], n/uvau-[ ], nvau-[see gharma--]; plural Nominal verb & accusative nv/as- etc. ; Nominal verb n/uvas- ) the body, person, self (often used like a reflexive noon.; see ātm/an-) etc. |
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| tap | cl.1. t/apati- (rarely A1.; subjunctive pāti- ; parasmE-pada t/apat- etc.; cl.4. parasmE-pada t/apyat- ; perfect tense 1. sg. tat/apa- ;3. sg. t/āpa-, ; parasmE-pada tepān/a- ; future tapsy/ati- etc.: te-& tapiṣyati- ) to give out heat, be hot, shine (as the sun) etc. ; to make hot or warm, heat, shine upon ; to consume or destroy by heat ; to suffer pain ; (with paścāt-) to repent of ; to torment one's self, undergo self-mortification, practise austerity (tapas-) etc. ; to cause pain to, injure, damage, spoil Passive voice or cl.4 A1. tapy/ate- (;or t/apy- ; parasmE-pada py/amāna- ; t/apy-, ; confer, compare /a--; Aorist atāpi- ; atapta- ; perfect tense tepe- etc.; parasmE-pada pān/a- ;also P. tapyati-, pyet-, atapyat-,etc. ) to be heated or burnt, become hot etc. ; to be purified by austerities (as the soul) ; to suffer or feel pain etc. ; to suffer pain voluntarily, undergo austerity (tapas-) etc.: Causal tāpayati-, te- (parasmE-pada p/ayat- ; Passive voice pyate- etc.; Aorist atītape-& [Subj.] tat/apate- ) to make warm or hot, etc. ; to consume by heat etc. ; to cause pain, trouble, distress etc. ; to torment one's self, undergo penance, : Intensive (parasmE-pada tātapyamāna-) to feel violent pain, be in great anxiety ([ confer, compare Latin tepeoetc.]) |
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| tara | (ām-), added (in older language) to adverbs (See ati-tar/ām-etc.) and (in later language) to verbs ( ) , intensifying their meaning |
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| tavāgā | mfn. (accusative -g/ām-) "strong (a bull)"or"a strong bull" |
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| tavāgo | m. (accusative -g/ām-) "strong (a bull)"or"a strong bull" |
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| taviṣīya | Nom. P. A1. (2. sg. y/ase-, parasmE-pada y/at-, y/amāṇa-) to be strong or violent or courageous |
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| taviṣya | Nom. y/ate- (p. y/amāna-) equals ṣīya-, (manuscript stav-). |
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| timira | mf(ā-)n. (fr. tamar-[Old German demar] equals t/amas-) dark, gloomy |
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| tṛh | cl.7. (imperative tṛṇ/eḍhu-; subjunctive plural tṛṇ/ahān-; Aorist atṛham- ; atarhīt- ; atṛkṣat-, ; perfect tense tatarha- ; pr. p. Nominal verb m. tṛṃh/at- ; f. dual number hat/ī- ; ind.p. tṛḍhv/ā- Passive voice plural tṛhy/ante-, parasmE-pada hy/amāṇa- ; cl.6. tṛhati-, tṛṃh- ) to crush, bruise : Desiderative titṛkṣati-, titṛṃhiṣati- ; see vi-- ; t/arhaṇa-, tṛṃhaṇa-, tṛḍh/a-. |
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| tri | m. tr/ayas- f. Nominal verb accusative tisr/as- n. tr/īṇi- ([ tr/ī- ]) 3 etc. (tribh/is-& tis/ṛbhis-,etc. ;only once tr/ibhis-[ ] with the later accentuation, confer, compare ; genitive case trīṇ/ām-[ ; confer, compare ]and tisṝṇ/ām-[ ], later on [fr. y/a-] trayāṇām-[ ]and tisṛṇ/ām-[ against metre; confer, compare ]; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound', ) ; ([ confer, compare , Latin tres; Gothic threis;etc.]) |
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| tṛṇṇa | See /ati--, ava--, /ā--, v/i--, s/aṃ--. |
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| tṛp | cl.4. t/ṛpyati- ([ etc.;metrically also te-]) cl.5. [Subj. 2. sg. tṛpṇ/avas- imperative ṇuhi-, ṇut/am- (See also /a-tṛpṇuvat-); noti- and gaRa kṣubhnādi-] cl.6. [2. sg. tṛmp/asi- imperative p/a-, patu-,etc. ; see Va1rtt. 1 ; tṛpati- ; perfect tense parasmE-pada A1. tātṛpāṇ/a- ; P. tatarpa-;3. plural tātṛpur- ; Aorist atṛpat- or atrāpsīt- vArttika; atarpīt-, atārpsīt- ; future 1st tarpiṣyati-(but see ), tarpsy-, trapsy-; Conditional atrapsyat- ; future 2nd tarpitā-, ptā-, traptā- on ] to satisfy one's self, become satiated or satisfied, be pleased with (genitive case instrumental case,or rarely locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' nāgnis tṛpyati kāṣṭhānām-,"fire is not satisfied with wood"; /atṛpyan brāhmaṇ/ā dh/anaiḥ-,"the brahman-s were pleased with wealth") etc. ; to enjoy (with ablative) ; to satisfy, please : cl.1. tarpati-, to kindle : Causal tarpayati-, rarely te- (imperfect tense atarpayat- etc.; parasmE-pada tarp/ayat- ; Aorist atītṛpat- ; /atītṛpāma- ; infinitive mood t/arpayitav/ai- ) to satiate, satisfy, refresh, gladden etc. ; A1. to become satiated or satisfied ; to kindle : Desiderative (subjunctive t/itṛpsāt-) to wish to enjoy : Causal Desiderative (Potential titarpayiṣet-) to wish to satiate or refresh or satisfy : Intensive tarītṛpyate-, tarītarpti-, trapti- ; ([ see tṛph-;.]) |
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| tṛpalam | ind. ([ ]) equals pr/am- |
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| tryambaka | m. "three-eyed"(originally probably"three-mothered" fr. the threefold expression /ambe /ambik/e 'mbālike- etc.; see tri-māt/ṛ-and traimātura-) rudra- or (later on) śiva- etc. (triy-- ; see vArttika ) |
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| tuj | cl.6. (3. dual number A1. jete-; parasmE-pada P. j/at-; infinitive mood j/ase-and t/uje-; Passive voice parasmE-pada jy/amāna-), and tuñj- (3. plural P. j/anti- A1. j/ate-; parasmE-pada jān/a-, t/uñjāna-,and t/uñjamāna-), to strike, hit, push ; to press out ("t/uñjati-,to give " ) ; A1. to flow forth, ; to instigate, incite, ; Passive voice to be vexed, : cl.1. tojati-, to hurt : Causal (parasmE-pada tuj/ayat-; Aorist Potential tutujy/āt-, parasmE-pada t/ūtujāna- q.v) to promote ; to move quickly. ; tuñjayati-,"to speak"or"to shine" ; tuñj- or tojayati-, to hurt, ; to be strong ; to give or take ; to abide ; see ā-tuj/i-. 3. |
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| tva | base of the 2nd personal pronoun : Nominal verb tv/am- accusative tv/ām- instrumental case tv/ayā- ([ and tv/ā- , also in compound See tv/ā-datta-, -dāta-, -vṛdha-etc.]) dative case t/ubhyam- ([& bhya- ]) ablative tv/at- or tv/ad- ([ and tvat-tas- etc.]) genitive case t/ava- locative case tv/e- ([ ; see gaRa cādi-]), tv/ayi- ([ etc.]) |
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| tvakam | familiar diminutive for tv/am- (instrumental case tvayakā-) iv, 9. |
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| tvāyat | mfn. equals tv/āṃ-kāma- |
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| tyad | mfn. Nominal verb sy/a- (s-), sy/ā-, ty/ad-, (gaRa sarvādi-) that (often used like an article exempli gratia, 'for example' ty/at paṇīn/āṃ v/asu-,"that id est the wealth of the paṇi-s " ;sometimes strengthened by c/id-;often put after ut/a-,or after another demonstrative in the beginning of a sentence) (ty/asya- equals m/ama-, ; n. ty/am-for ty/ad-, [in the etymology of saty/am-] ) |
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| u | ind. on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative exempli gratia, 'for example' ya u-,he on the contrary who etc.) This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id- and eva-, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu-, vai-, hi-, cid-, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' ay/am u vām purut/amo-.. johavīti-[ ], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you etc.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' t/am u stuṣa /indram t/am gṛṇīṣe-[ ], him I praise, indra-, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English"now" (exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ad u t/athā n/a kuryāt-[ ], that now he should not do in such a manner) , and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a u t/ac ciketa-[ ], who, I ask, should know that?) pāṇini- calls this particle uñ- to distinguish it from the interrogative u-. In the pada-pāṭha- it is written ūm-. In the classical language u- occurs only after atha-, na-, and kim-, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (See kim-) |
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| uddhā | (ud-dhā-) P. (subjunctive 2. plural -dadhātana-) to erect (kapṛth/am-) ; to expose (an infant) |
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| udgur | P. -gurate- (parasmE-pada -gur/amāṇa- ) to raise one's voice in a threatening manner ; to raise (a weapon etc.), lift up |
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| udyam | P. -yacchati- (Aorist -ayān- ), A1. (if the result of the action returns to the agent ) -yacchate- (Aorist -ayaṃsta-and -yamiṣṭa-) ; subjunctive -yaṃsate- ; (infinitive mood -y/amam- ) to lift up, raise etc. ; to raise, set up, elevate ; to put up or higher, carry or bring upwards etc. ; to hold out, present, offer (a sacrifice to gods, or any other thing to men) etc. ; to shake up, rouse ; to raise (one's voice, or rays, or light) ; to undertake, commence ; to be diligent, strive after (only P. exempli gratia, 'for example' udyacchati cikitsāṃ vaidyaḥ-,"the physician strives after the science of medicine" on ;with dative case or accusative or without any object) etc. ; to rein, curb ; to guide ; to keep away or off, restrain, check : Intensive -yamyamīti-, to raise, stretch out (the arms) |
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| unmand | (ud--1. mand-) P. (imperative 3. plural -mandantu- ; perfect tense -mamanda-, ; Aorist 3. plural -amandiṣus-,i, 82, 6, and -/amandiṣus-,ix, 81, 1) to cheer, delight, amuse. |
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| upadā | P. -dadāti-, to give in addition, add ; to give, grant, offer ; to take upon one's self: Passive voice (irregular parasmE-pada -dady/amāna-) to be offered or granted (as protection) |
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| upadhmā | P. -dh/amati-, to blow or breathe at or upon |
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| upagai | P. -gāyati- (imperative 2. plural -gāyatā- ) to sing to any one (dative case or accusative) ; to join in singing, accompany a song ; to sing before, sing, praise in song, celebrate,"fill with song" etc. etc. ; to sing near: Passive voice -gīyate- (parasmE-pada -gīy/amāna- ;and -gīyat-[irr.] ) to be sung or praised in song ; to be sung before |
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| upahava | m. calling to, inviting, invitation, (upa-hav/am-iṣ-,to desire an invitation to [ locative case ], wish to be invited to exempli gratia, 'for example' t/asminn /indra upahav/am aicchata-, indra- wished to be invited to that [sacrifice] ) |
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| upaja | (for 2.See) mfn. ( jan-), additional, accessory ( reads upa-c/am-[1. ci-];See Weber's extracts from the commentator or commentary on the above passage, where reads correctly tricatura-māsād āropitam-instead of tṛcaturān mākhābapitam-[?]) . |
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| upamṝ | Passive voice (p. -mūry/amāṇa-) to be worn away or destroyed |
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| upasami | P. -eti- (imperative 3. plural -s/aṃ-yantu-) to approach together |
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| upasaṃnud | P. (imperative 2. sg. -s/aṃ-nuda-) to impel near or towards, bring near, procure |
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| upasaṃvye | A1. (imperative 2. sg. -s/am-vyayasva-) to wrap up or envelop one's self in (accusative) |
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| upayamanī | f. (upa-y/amani-) any support (of stone, clay, gravel etc. for holding fire-wood) |
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| utsūrya | See otsūry/am-. |
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| vah | cl.1 P. A1. () v/ahati-, te- (in later language A1.only mc.;Vedic forms which may partly belong to the Aorist are v/akṣi-, voḍham-, ḍh/ām-or voḷham-, ḷh/ām-, uhīta-, v/akṣva-, voḍhvam-, ūḍhvam-, /uhāna-; perfect tense uvāha-, ūh/uḥ-; ūh/e- etc.; vavāha-, hatuḥ- ; Aorist Ved. /avākṣīt-or /avāṭ- subjunctive v/akṣat-, ati-, preceding uhyāt-; avakṣi-, avoḍha- grammar; future voḍh/ā- ; vakṣy/ati-, te- etc.; vahiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood voḍhum- etc. etc. [Ved. also ḍhave-and ḍhavai-]; vāhe- ; v/ahadhyai- ; ind.p. ūḍhvā- ; -/uhya- etc.; confer, compare 1. ūh-), to carry, transport, convey (with instrumental case of vehicle) etc. ; to lead, conduct (especially offerings to the gods, said of agni-) ; to bear along (water, said of rivers) ; to draw (a car), guide (horses etc.) ; to lead towards, to bring, procure, bestow ; to cause, effect ; to offer (a sacrifice) ; to spread, diffuse (scent) ; to shed (tears) ; to carry away, carry off, rob etc. ; to lead home, take to wife, marry etc. ; to bear or carry on or with (Inc. or instrumental case) etc. ; to take or carry with or about one's self, have, possess ; to wear (clothes) ; (with śiras-) to bear one's head (uccaiś-tarām-,"high") ; (with vasuṃdharām-or kṣmā-maṇḍālam-) to support id est rule the earth ; (with garbham-) to be with child ; to bear, suffer, endure ; to forbear, forgive, pardon ; to undergo (with agnim-, viṣam-, tulām-,"the ordeal of fire, poison, and the balance") ; to experience, feel etc. ; to exhibit, show, betray ; to pay (a fine) ; to pass, spend (time) ; (intrans.) to drive, ride, go by or in (with instrumental case of the vehicle) , be borne or carried along, run, swim etc. etc. ; to draw (scilicet a carriage, said of a horse) ; to blow (as wind) ; to pass away, elapse : Passive voice uhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avāhi-), to be carried (uhyamāna-,"being carried") etc. ; to be drawn or borne by (instrumental case) or along or off etc. etc.: Causal vāhayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist avīvahat-; Passive voice vāhyate-), to cause to bear or carry or convey or draw (with two accusative Va1rtt. 6 ), drive (a chariot), guide or ride (a horse), propel (a boat), go or travel by any vehicle etc. ; to cause to guide (two accusative) ; to cause any one (accusative) to carry anything (accusative) on (locative case) ; to cause to take in marriage ; to cause to be conveyed by (instrumental case) ; to traverse (a road) ; to accomplish (a journey) ; to employ, keep going or in work ; to give, administer (See vāhita-) ; to take in, deceive (See idem or '1. 2. vasra-. See p.932, and column 1.'): Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive vanīvāhy/ate-, to carry hither and thither (confer, compare vanīv/āhana-and vanīvāhit/a-) ; vāvahīti-, to bear (a burden) ; vāvahyate-, vāvoḍhi- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for , ; Latin vehere,vehiculum; Slavonic or Slavonian vesti; Lithuanian ve4z3ti; Gothic gawigan; German wëgan,bewegen; English weigh.]) |
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| vam | cl.1 P. () vamati- (Ved. also v/amiti- imperfect tense avamat-or avamīt-; perfect tense vavāma- vemuḥ- etc.; vavamuḥ- ;2. sg. vemitha-or vavamitha- ;3. sg. uvāma- ; Aorist avān- ; future vamiśā-, vamiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood vamitum- ; ind.p. vamitvā- ; vāntvā- ), to vomit, spit out, eject (literally and figuratively), emit, send forth, give out etc. ; to reject id est repent (a word) : Passive voice vamyate- (Aorist avāmi- grammar), to be vomited etc.: Causal vāmayati-, vamayati- (confer, compare ; Aorist avīvamat- grammar), to cause to vomit : Desiderative vivamiṣati- grammar : Intensive vaṃvamyate-, vaṃvanti- [ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin vomere; Lithuanian ve4mti.] |
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| vām | (encl.) accusative dative case genitive case dual number of 2nd Persian pronoun (see ) etc. etc. (the accented v/ām-in is thought to be equals āvām- Nominal verb dual number of 1st Persian pronoun) |
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| van | cl.1 P. () v/anati- (Vedic or Veda also te-,and van/ati-) ; cl.8 P. A1. () van/oti-, vanut/e- (perfect tense vāv/āna-, vāv/antha-, vavanm/a-, vavn/e-; parasmE-pada vavanv/as- ; Aorist vanta-, v/aṃsva- ; vaṃsat-, sate- ; vaniṣat- ; ṣanta- ; vanuṣanta-, ; Potential vaṃsīmahi-, vasīmahi- ; preceding vaniṣīṣṭa- vaṃsiṣīya- ; future vaniśā- grammar; vaniṣyate-, ; infinitive mood vanitum- grammar; -vantave- ), to like, love, wish, desire ; to gain, acquire, procure (for one's self or others) ; to conquer, win, become master of, possess ; to prepare, make ready for, aim at, attack ; to hurt, injure ( also"to sound";"to serve, honour, worship, help, aid") : Causal vanayati- or vānayati- ; varia lectio (confer, compare saṃ-van-): Desiderative v/ivāsati-, te-, to attract, seek to win over : Intensive (only vāv/anaḥ-and vāvandh/i-;but confer, compare vanīvan-) to love, like [ confer, compare Latin venia,Venus; Got.gawinnan; German gewinnen; English win.] |
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| van | equals v/ana- (only in genitive case and locative case plural van/ām- v/aṃsu-),"wood"or,"a wooden vessel" |
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| vareya | Nom. P. y/ati- (fr. 2. vara-), to be a suitor, ask in marriage (infinitive mood y/am-) |
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| vaś | cl.2 P. () v/aṣṭi-, (1. plural uśm/asi-,or śmasi- ;3. plural uś/anti- ; parasmE-pada uś/at-, uśān/a-and uś/amāna- ; cl.1. v/aśati-and cl.3. vivaṣṭi-[also vav/aṣṭi-],2. sg. vav/akṣi- ; perfect tense vāvaś/uḥ-, śe-; parasmE-pada śān/a- ; uvāśa-, ūśuḥ- grammar; Aorist avāśīt- ;2. sg. vaśīh- preceding uśyāt- grammar; future vaśitā-, śiṣyati- ), to will, command (parasmE-pada uś/amāna-,"having at command") ; to desire, wish, long for, be fond of, like (also with infinitive mood) etc. etc. (parasmE-pada uś/at-and uśān/a-,"willing, glad, eager, zealous, obedient";the former with superl. uśat-tama-,also = charming, lovely [accord. to Scholiast or Commentator also equals śuddha-, dedīpyamāna-,and sv-arcita-]) ; to aver, maintain, affirm, declare for (two accusative) : Causal vāśayati- (Aorist avīvaśat-), to cause to desire etc. ; to get in one's power, subject : Desiderative vivaśiṣati- grammar Intensive vāvaśyate-, vāvaśīti-, or vāvaṣṭi- ; parasmE-pada vāvaśān/a-,"willing, eager" [ confer, compare Greek , for,"willing."] |
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| vas | cl.2 A1. () v/aste- (imperative vasiṣva- ; vaddhvam- ; parasmE-pada v/asāna-,once usān/a-and us/amāna- ; perfect tense vavase- ; vāvase-, parasmE-pada sān/a- ; Aorist avasiṣṭa- ; future vasitā- grammar; vasiṣyate- ; vatsyati- ; infinitive mood vasitum- ; ind.p. vasitvā- ; -vasya- ), to put on, invest, wear, (clothes etc.) , assume (a form etc.) , enter into etc. etc.: Causal vās/ayati-, te- (Passive voice vāsyate-), to cause or allow to put on or wear (clothes) , clothe (A1."one's self") with (instrumental case) : Desiderative vivasiṣate- grammar : Intensive vāvasyate-, vāvasti- [ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin vestis; Gothic wasjan; Anglo-Saxon werian; English wear.] |
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| vasu | m. or n. (for 1.See) dwelling or dweller (See s/aṃ-vasu-). |
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| vedhas | mfn. (in some meanings prob. connected with vi-dhā-; Nominal verb m. vedh/ās- accusative vedh/asam-or vedh/ām-) pious, religious, virtuous, good, brave (also applied to gods) |
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| vi | m. (Nominal verb v/is-or v/es- accusative v/im- genitive case ablative v/es-; plural Nominal verb accusative v/ayas-[acc. vīn- ]; v/ibhis-, v/ibhyas-, vīn/ām-) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the marut-s) (also occurring in later language).[ confer, compare 1. v/ayas-; Greek for ; Latin a-vis; according to tosome German Ei; Anglo-Saxon ae4g; English egg.] |
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| vimṛj | P. A1. -mārṣṭi-, -mṛṣṭe- (perfect tense Potential -māmṛjīta- ), to rub off or out, purify, cleanse ; to rub dry ; to rub on or in, anoint, smear with (instrumental case) ; to wipe off ; to rub, stroke, caress etc. ; A1. (with tanv/am-), to adorn or arm one's self |
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| viṣkandha | n. (v/i--) (fr. vi-+ skandha-) a particular disease (see s/aṃ-skandha-) |
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| viśram | P. -śrāmyati- (Epic also śramati-, te-; ind.p. śr/āmya-,or -śramya-), to rest, repose, recreate one's self. etc. ; to rest from labour, cease, stop, desist ; to rest or depend on (locative case) ; to rest id est trust or confide in, rely on ; to feel at ease or comfortable : Passive voice -śrāmyate- (Aorist vy-aśrāmi- ; especially 3. sg. imperative; -śrāmyatām-,"you may rest","enough of this") : Causal -śrāmayati-, to cause to rest, make to cease, stop etc. ; to cause to rest or settle down on (locative case) : Desiderative See vi-śiśramiṣu-. |
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| vrata | n. a religious vow or practice, any pious observance, meritorious act of devotion or austerity, solemn vow, rule, holy practice (as fasting, continence etc.; vrat/aṃ-car-,"to observe a vow", especially "to practise chastity") |
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| vṛkti | See n/amo-- and su-vṛkt/i-. |
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| vṛt | cl.1 A1. () v/artate- (rarely ti-;in veda- also vavartti-and [once in ] vartti-; subjunctive vav/artat-, vavartati-, vavṛtat-; Potential vavṛtyāt-, vavṛtīya-; imperative vavṛtsva-; imperfect tense /avavṛtran-, tranta-; perfect tense vav/arta-, vavṛt/us-, vavṛt/e- [here also vāvṛt/e-]etc.; Aorist avart-, avṛtran- subjunctive v/artat-, vartta- ; avṛtat- etc.; avartiṣṭa- grammar;3. plural avṛtsata- ;2. sg. vartithās- ; preceding vartiṣīṣṭa- grammar; future vartitā- grammar; vartsy/ati-, te- etc.; vartiṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional avartsyat- ; avartiṣyata- grammar; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ; -v/ṛtas- ; vartitum- etc.; ind.p. vartitvā-and vṛttvā- grammar; -v/ṛtya- etc.; -v/artam- etc.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears) etc. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instrumental case"in a particular way or manner"), take place, occur, be performed, come off etc. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na-,"to be not in one's right mind";with manasi-or hṛdaye-,"to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind";with mūrdhni-,"to be at the head of","to be of most importance"; kathaṃ vartate-with Nominal verb or kiṃ vartate-with genitive case,"how is it with?") ; to live on, subsist by (instrumental case or ind.p.), etc. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām-,"it is long since we went") ; to depend on (locative case) ; to be in a particular condition, be engaged in or occupied with (locative case), etc. ; to be intent on, attend to (dative case) ; to stand or be used in the sense of (locative case) ; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (locative case dative case,or accusative;also with itaretaram-or parasparam-,"mutually") etc. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim-), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instrumental case or accusative) towards (locative case with parājñayā-,"to act under another's command";with prajā-rūpeṇa-,"to assume the form of a son";with priy/am-,"to act kindly";with svāni-,"to mind one's own business"; kim idam vartase-,"what are you doing there?") etc. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dative case) ; to be or exist or live at a particular time, be alive or present (confer, compare vartamāna-, vartiṣyamāṇa-,and vartsyat-,p.925) etc. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante-,"they continue to excel"; iti vartate me buddhiḥ-,"such continues my opinion") etc. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes ; to originate, arise from (ablative) or in (locative case) ; to become ; to associate with (saha-) ; to have illicit intercourse with (locative case) : Causal vart/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛtat-or avavartat-;in also A1. avavarti-; infinitive mood vartay/adhyai- ; Passive voice vartyate- ), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl etc. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill etc.) ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears) etc. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instrumental case), enter upon a course of conduct etc. (also with vṛttim-or vṛttyā-or vṛttena-;with bhaikṣeṇa-,"to live by begging"), conduct one's self, behave etc. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare ; to begin to instruct (dative case) ; to understand, know, learn ; to treat ; (in law, with śiras-or śīrṣam-) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal ; "to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-) : Desiderative v/ivṛtsati-, te- ( ), vivartiṣate- () , to wish to turn etc.: Intensive (Vedic or Veda , rarely in later language) v/arvartti-, varīvartti-, varīvarty/ate-, varīvartate-, parasmE-pada v/arvṛtat- and v/arvṛtāna- imperfect tense 3. sg. avarīvar-, 3. plural avarīvur- (grammar also varivartti-, varīvṛtīti-, varvṛtīti-, varīvṛtyate-), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail [ confer, compare Latin vertere; Slavonic or Slavonian vru8te8ti,vratiti; Lithuanian varty4ti; Gothic wai4rthan; German werden; English -ward.] |
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| vye | cl.1 P. A1. () vy/ayati-, te- (perfect tense P. vivyāya-,2. sg. vivyayitha- grammar;2. dual number vivyathus- ; A1. vivy/e- -vyay/āṃ cakāra- ; Aorist avyat-, avyata- ; avyāsīt-, avyāsta- grammar; preceding vīyāt-, vyāsīṣṭa- ; future vyātā- ; vyāsyati-, te- ; vyayiṣye- ; ind.p. -v/īya- etc.; -vāya- grammar), to cover, clothe, wrap, envelop (A1. also,"one's self") : Pass. vīy/ate- (pr. p. vīy/amāna-), to be covered etc. : Causal vyāyayati- grammar : Desiderative vivyāsati-, te- ; Intensive vevīyate-, vāvyeti-, vāvyāti- |
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| vyuṣ | f. (fr vi--2. vas-) dawn, daybreak (locative case vy-/uṣi-,as infinitive mood ; see also ā-vyuṣam-and upa-vyuṣ/am-). |
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| yam | cl.1 P. () y/acchati- (Vedic or Veda also te-,and Vedic or Veda Epic y/amati-, te-; perfect tense yayāma-, yeme-;2. sg. yayantha-,3. plural yem/uḥ-, yemir/e- etc.;3. dual number irreg. -yamatuḥ- ; Aorist /ayān-, /ayamuh-; imperative yaṃsi-, yandh/i-; Potential yamyās-, yamīmahi- ; /ayāṃsam-, ayāṃsi-, /ayaṃsta- subjunctive yaṃsat-, satas-, sate- ;3. sg. -y/amiṣṭa- ; ayaṃsiṣam- grammar; future yantā- ; yaṃsyati-, yamiṣyati- etc. infinitive mood y/antum-, yamitum- ; y/antave-, y/amitav/ai- ; ind.p. yatvā-, yamitvā- etc.; y/atya- ; -yamya- ; -y/amam- ), to sustain, hold, hold up, support (A1."one's self";with locative case"to be founded on") ; to raise, wield (a weapon etc.; A1.with āyudhaih-,"to brandish weapons") ; to raise, extend or hold (as a screen etc.) over (dative case) ; (A1.) to extend one's self before (dative case) ; to raise (the other scale), weigh more ; to stretch out, expand, spread, display, show ; to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, control etc. ; to offer ; confer, grant, bestow on (dative case or locative case), present with (instrumental case) etc. ; (with mārgam-), to make way for (genitive case) ; (with prati-and ablative), to give anything in exchange for anything on ; (A1.) to give one's self up to, be faithful to, obey (dative case) ; to raise, utter (a sound etc.) ; to fix, establish ; (A1.) to be firm, not budge ; to catch fire (Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice yamy/ate- (Aorist /ayā-mī-), to be raised or lifted up or held back or restrained etc. etc.: Causal yāmayati- (), yamayati- ( etc.; te- ; Aorist ayīyamat-), to restrain, hold in, control, keep or put in order: Desiderative yiyaṃsati-, to wish to restrain etc. : Intensive yaṃyamīti- (See ud-yam-) or yaṃyamyate- (, Va1rtt. 2 ) ([ confer, compare Greek ,"restraint, punishment."]) |
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| yāma | in compound for 2. y/āman-. |
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| yāmahūti | (y/āma--) f. invocation for assistance, cry for help (others"invocation during the sacrifice") . |
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| yāmaśruta | (y/āma--) mfn. renowned for going or speed (others"heard while going along") . |
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| yathādiṣṭam | ind. (/am-) according to a direction or injunction |
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| yathākāmam | ind. (-k/āmam- ; -kām/am- ) according to wish, as one likes, at pleasure, easily, comfortably etc. |
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| yathārtham | ind. in the beginning of a compound or (/am-) according to the aim or object, suitably, fitly |
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| yos | ind. (only in ś/aṃ y/oḥ-and ś/aṃ ca y/oś ca-) welfare, health, happiness |
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| yu | (see yuch-) cl.3 P. yuy/oti- (imperative 2. sg. yuyodh/i- ; yuyudhi- ;2. dual number yuyotam-or yuyut/am- ;2. plural yuy/ota-or tana- ; A1. subjunctive 2. sg : yuyothās- ; A1. imperfect tense 3. plural ayuvanta- ; Aorist P. yaus-, ayauṣīt-; subjunctive yoṣati-, yoṣat- ; yūṣat- ; yūyāt-, yūyātām- ; yūyot- ; yāvīs- ; A1. yoṣṭhās- ; yavanta- ; Passive voice /ayāvi- ; infinitive mood y/otave-, tav/ai-, tos- ; -yāvam- ), to separate, keep or drive away, ward off (accusative), exclude or protect from (ablative) ; to keep aloof, to be or remain separated from (ablative) : Causal yav/ayati- or yāv/ayati-, to cause to separate or remove or keep off etc. : Intensive yoyavīti- (imperfect tense /ayoyavīt-; parasmE-pada y/oyuvat-), to retreat back, recede ; to be rent, gape asunder ; to keep off from (ablative) |
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| yuṣma | (fr. yu-+ sma-), the actual base of the 2nd Persian pronoun in the plural number (from which all cases except the Nominal verb yūy/am-are derived, viz. yuṣm/ān-, yuṣm/ābhis-, yuṣm/abhyam-, yuṣm/at-, yuṣm/ākam-,in Vedic or Veda also accusative f. yuṣm/ās-; locative case yuṣm/e-,and genitive case yuṣmāka-; confer, compare Greek , fr. ) . |
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| yuva | actual base of the 2nd Persian pronoun in the dual number (from which the forms yuv/ām-, yuv/ābhyām-, yuv/ayos-;Ved. also yuv/am-, yuv/abhyām-, yuv/at-, yuv/os-,are derived). |
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