m. "The Auspicious one", Name of the disintegrating or destroying and reproducing deity (who constitutes the third god of the Hindu trimūrti- or Triad, the other two being brahmā-"the creator"and viṣṇu-"the preserver";in the veda- the only Name of the destroying deity was rudra-"the terrible god", but in later times it became usual to give that god the euphemistic N. śiva-"the auspicious"[just as the Furies were called "the gracious ones"], and to assign him the office of creation and reproduction as well as dissolution;in fact the preferential worship of śiva- as developed in the purāṇa-s and Epic poems led to his being identified with the Supreme Being by his exclusive worshippers [called śaiva-s];in his character of destroyer he is sometimes called kāla-"black", and is then also identified with"Time", although his active destroying function is then oftener assigned to his wife under her name kālī-, whose formidable character makes her a general object of propitiation by sacrifices;as presiding over reproduction consequent on destruction śiva-'s symbol is the liṅga- [ q.v ] or Phallus, under which form he is worshipped all over India at the present day;again one of his representations is as ardha-nārī-,"half-female", the other half being male to symbolize the unity of the generative principle[ ];he has three eyes, one of which is in his forehead, and which are thought to denote his view of the three divisions of time, past, present, and future, while a moon's crescent, above the central eye, marks the measure of time by months, a serpent round his neck the measure by years, and a second necklace of skulls with other serpents about his person, the perpetual revolution of ages, and the successive extinction and generation of the races of mankind: his hair is thickly matted together, and gathered above his forehead into a coil;on the top of it he bears the Ganges, the rush of which in its descent from heaven he intercepted by his head that the earth might not be crushed by the weight of the falling stream;his throat is dark-blue from the stain of the deadly poison which would have destroyed the world had it not been swallowed by him on its production at the churning of the ocean by the gods for the nectar of immortality;he holds a tri-śūla-,or three-pronged trident [also called pināka-] in his hand to denote, as some think, his combination of the three attributes of Creator, Destroyer, and Regenerator;he also carries a kind of drum, shaped like an hour-glass, called ḍamaru-: his attendants or servants are called pramatha- [ q.v ];they are regarded as demons or supernatural beings of different kinds, and form various hosts or troops called gaṇa-s;his wife durgā- [otherwise called kālī-, pārvatī-, umā-, gaurī-, bhavāṇī- etc.] is the chief object of worship with the śākta-s and tāntrika-s, and in this connection he is fond of dancing [see tāṇḍava-]and wine-drinking;he is also worshipped as a great ascetic and is said to have scorched the god of love (kāma-deva-) to ashes by a glance from his central eye, that deity having attempted to inflame him with passion for pārvatī- whilst he was engaged in severe penance;in the exercise of his function of Universal Destroyer he is fabled to have burnt up the Universe and all the gods, including brahmā- and viṣṇu-, by a similar scorching glance, and to have rubbed the resulting ashes upon his body, whence the use of ashes in his worship, while the use of the rudrākṣa- berries originated, it is said, from the legend that śiva-, on his way to destroy the three cities, called tri-pura-, let fall some tears of rage which became converted into these beads: his residence or heaven is kailāsa-, one of the loftiest northern peaks of the himālaya-;he has strictly no incarnations like those of viṣṇu-, though vīra-bhadra- and the eight bhairava-s and khaṇḍobā- etc.[ ] are sometimes regarded as forms of him;he is especially worshipped at Benares and has even more names than viṣṇu-, one thousand and eight being specified in the 69th chapter of the śiva-purāṇa- and in the 17th chapter of the anuśāsana-parvan- of the mahā-bhārata-, some of the most common being mahā-deva-, śambhu-, śaṃkara-, īśa-, īśvara-, maheśvara-, hara-;his sons are gaṇeśa- and kārttikeya-) etc.
f.Name of a chapter of the padma-purāṇa- (propounding the doctrines of śaiva-s;it is regarded as a vedānta- treatise, and attributed to veda-vyāsa-) and of various other works (especially of chs. of the bhāgavata- and skanda-purāṇa-s)
f. " śiva-'s night", Name of a popular fast and festival in honour of śiva- (kept on the 14th of the dark half of the month māgha- or January-February with many solemn ceremonies, observed during the day and night seeśiva-caturdaśī-)
n.Name of the 14 sūtra-s with which pāṇini- opens his grammar (containing a peculiar method of arranging the alphabet or alphabetical sounds, said to have been communicated to him by the god śiva-)
शिव a. [श्यति पापं शो-वन् पृषो˚] 1 Auspicious, propitious, lucky; इयं शिवाया नियतेरिवायतिः Ki.4.21;1.38; R.11.33. -2 In good health or condition, happy, prosperous, fortunate; तीर्थेन मूर्ध्न्यधिकृतेन शिवः शिवो$भूत् Bhāg. 3.28.22; शिवानि वस्तीर्थजलानि कच्चित् R.5.8. (= अनुपप्लवानि, 'undisturbed'); शिवास्ते पन्थानः सन्तु 'a happy journey to you', 'God bless (or speed) you on your journey'. -वः 1 N. of the third god of the sacred Hindu Trinity, who is entrusted with the work of destruction, as Brahman and Viṣṇu are with the creation and preservation, of the world; एको देवः केशवो वा शिवो वा Bh.2.115. -2 The male organ of generation, penis. -3 An auspicious planetary conjunction. -4 The Veda; अट्टशूलाः जनपदाः शिवशूलाश्चतुष्पथाः Mb.3.188.42. -5 Final beatitude. -6 A post to which cattle are tied. -7 A god, deity. -8 Quick-silver. -9 Bdellium. -1 The black variety of thorn-apple. -11 Rum, spirit. -12 Buttermilk. -13 A ruby. -14 Time (काल). -वौ (m. dual) Śiva and Pārvatī; कथयति शिवयोः शरीरयोगं विषमपदा पदवी विवर्तनेषु Ki.5.4. -वम् 1 Prosperity, welfare, well-being, happiness; तं धर्मे$ग्निषु पुत्रेषु शिवं पृष्ट्वा Rām.7.33.13; तव वर्त्मनि वर्ततां शिवम् N.2.62; Ratn.1.2; R.1.6. -2 Bliss, auspiciousness. -3 Final beatitude. -4 Water. -5 Seasalt. -6 Rock-salt. -7 Refined borax. -8 Iron. -9 Myrobalan. -1 Sandal. -Comp. -अक्षम् = रुद्राक्ष q. v. -अपर a. cruel. -अरातिः a heretic (lit. a disbeliever in Śiva). -आत्मकम् rock-salt. -आदेशकः 1 the bearer of auspicious news. -2 a fortune-teller. -आलयः 1 Śiva's abode. -2 the red basil. (-यम्) 1 a temple of Śiva. -2 a cemetery. -इतर a. inauspicious, unlucky; शिवेतरक्षतये K. P.1. -इष्टा Dūrvā grass. -कर (शिवंकर also) a. conferring happiness, auspicious. -कीर्तनः N. of Bhṛiṅgi. -केसरः Mimusops Elengi (बकुल). -गति a. prosperous, happy. -धर्मजः the planet Mars; cf. पुरा दक्षविनाशाय कुपितस्य त्रिशूलिनः । अपतद् भीमवक्त्रस्य स्वेदबिन्दु- र्ललाटजः ॥ शान्तिप्रदानात् सर्वेषां ग्रहाणां प्रथमो भव । अङ्गारक इति ख्यातिं गमिष्यसि धरात्मज ॥ Matsya P. -चतुर्दशी the fourteenth day of the dark half of Māgha; see शिवरात्र. -ज्ञा a female devotee of the Śaiva sect. -ताति a. 1 having an auspicious end, conferring or conducive to happiness, propitious; प्रयत्नः कृत्स्नो$यं फलतु शिवतातिश्च भवतु Māl.6.7; न्यषेवेतां विशेषेण शिवतातिममुं शिवम् Śiva B.23.56. -2 tender, merciful, not demoniacal; मा पूतनात्वमुपगाः शिवतातिरेधि 9.49. (-तिः) auspiciousness, happiness. -तालः (in music) a kind of measure. -दत्तम् the discus of Viṣṇu (सुदर्शन). -दारु n. the Devadāru tree. -दिश् the north-east. -दूती epithet of Durgā. -द्रुमः the Bilva tree. -द्विष्टा the Ketaka tree. -धातुः 1 quicksilver. -2 milk stone. -पदम् final liberation, emancipation. -पुरम्, -पुरी N. of Vārāṇasī. -पुराण N. of one of the eighteen Purāṇas. -प्रियः 1 a crystal. -2 the Baka tree. -3 the thorn-apple. (-यम्) = रुद्राक्ष q. v. (-या) the goddess Durgā. -बी(वी)जम् quick-silver. -भारतम् the historic poem on the life of Shivājī the great (163-168) by his contemporary poet Paramā nanda. -मल्लकः the Arjuna tree. -मार्गः final liberation. -रसः the water of boiled rice (three days old, hence fermented). -राजधानी N. of Benares, -रात्रिः f. the fourteenth day of the dark half of Māgha on which a rigorous fast is observed in honour of Śiva; शैवो वा वैष्णवो वापि यो वा स्यादन्यपूजकः । सर्वं पूजाफलं हन्ति शिवरात्रिबहिर्मुखः ॥ Īśvarasaṁhitā. -लिङ्गम् 1 Śiva worshipped in the form of a Phallus. -2 a temple dedicated to the worship of the Liṅga. -लोकः the world of Śiva. -वल्लभः the mango tree. (-भा) 1 white rose. -2 Pārvatī. -वल्ली Acacia Concinna (Mar. शिकेकाई). -वाहनः a bull. -व्रतिन् one engaged in a vow of standing on one foot.
-शेखरः 1 the moon. -2 the thorn-apple. -सायुज्यम् final emancipation (lit. unification with Śiva). -सुन्दरी an epithet of Durgā.
a. kind, friendly, gracious; plea sant, auspicious, prosperous, happy; m. the Auspicious One, euphemistic N. of Rudra, in C. transferred to one of the members of the Hindu trinity, Siva (du. Siva and his wife); jackal; N.; n. prosperity, welfare, bliss.
a. conducive to happi ness or welfare; f. prosperity; -datta, m. N.; -dâyin, a. conferring prosperity; -dâsa, m. N.; -dis, f. north-east; -pura, n., î, f. N. of various towns and villages; -bhakti,f. wor ship of Siva; -bhûti: -ka, m. N. of a minis ter; -mantra, m. Siva's verse; -maya, a. full of prosperity; entirely devoted to Siva; -yogin, m. Saiva monk; N.; -ratha, m. N.; -râtri, f. fourteenth (night=) day of the dark half of Phâlguna sacred to Siva; -râma, m. N.; -li&ndot;ga, n. phallus of Siva; -loka, m. Siva's world (on Kailâsa); -varman, m. N. of a minister; -sakti, m. N.; (á)-samkalpa, a. kindly disposed (V.); m. N. of the verses VS. 34, 1 sqq.; -sûtra, n. pl. the fourteen in troductory Sûtras of Pânini's grammar con taining the alphabet and ascribed to Siva; -svâmin, m. N.
As the name of a people occurs once in the Rigveda, where they share with the Alinas, Pakthas, Bhalanases, and Viṣāiúns the honour of being defeated by Sudās, not of being, as Roth thought, his allies. There can hardly be any doubt of their identity with the Χίβαι3 or Sιβoi4 of the Greeks, who dwelt between the Indus^nd the Akesines (Asiknī) in Alexander’s time. The village of śiva-pura, mentioned by the scholiast on Pānini6 as situated in the northern country, may also preserve the name. Cf. śibi.
gṛhāḥ śivā vasumanto (PG. gṛhā vasumanto) varūthinas tān ahaṃ pra padye saha jāyayā saha prajayā saha paśubhiḥ saha rāyas poṣeṇa saha yan me kiṃ cāsti tena (PG. pra padye saha prajayā paśubhiḥ saha) # śG.3.4.10; PG.3.4.18. See prec., next but one, and next but two.
te bhaktivāṃsaḥ syāma (MS.KS. bhaktivāno bhūyāsma) # AVś.6.79.3d; MS.1.5.3: 70.5; 1.5.10: 79.6; KS.7.3. See tasya te vayaṃ bhū-, and tasyās te bhakṣivāṇaḥ.
noun (neuter) a kind of borax (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
bliss (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
final emancipation (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
iron (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
myrobolan (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a Purāṇa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a Varsha in Plakṣadvīpa and in Jambudvīpa (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
prosperity (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
rock-salt (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
sandal (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
sea-salt (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
silver
Tabernaemontana Coronaria (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
water (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
welfare (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
āmalaka, the fruit of the Emblic Myrobalan
saindhava
śvetaṭaṅkaṇa Frequency rank 4303/72933
noun (masculine) a kind of second Śiva (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
bdellium
final emancipation (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
happiness (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
liberation (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
mercury
name of a son of Medhātithi
name of the disintegrating or destroying and reproducing deity (who constitutes the third god of the Hindū Trimūrti or Triad) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the dark thorn-apple
welfare (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
adjective auspicious (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
benevolent (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
benign (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
favourable (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
fortunate (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
happy (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
kind (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (neuter) any temple or spot dedicated to the worship of Śiva's Liṅga (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of the city Benares (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
Śiva's genital organ or Śiva worshipped in the form of the Liṅga (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (neuter) crystal (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the seeds of the Elaeocarpus Ganitrus (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
sphaṭika Frequency rank 67684/72933
noun (masculine) name of a chapter of the SkandaPur and of a Tantra wk (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the water of boiled rice or pulse three days old (undergoing spontaneous fermentation) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (feminine) a form of Durgā (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a popular fast and festival in honour of Śiva (kept on the 14th of the dark half of the month Māgha or January-February with many solemn ceremonies) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (neuter) name of the 14 Sūtras with which Pāṇini opens his grammar (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of the aphorisms of the Śaiva philosophy (attributed to the god Śiva) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) Agati Grandiflora (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the moon (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the thorn-apple (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
adjective dangerous (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
envious (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
pernicious (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
unkind (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
adjective always happy or prosperous (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
always kind (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
relating to Sadāśiva Frequency rank 68726/72933
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